A. Mindubaev, A. Voloshina, E. Babynin, S. Minzanova, G. L., Mironova, K. Saparmyradov, E. Badeeva, Yaw Abayie Akosah
We present preliminary results on the successful culturing of different microbial taxonomic groups on media containing white phosphorus (P4) as the sole source of phosphorus. The increase in culture resistance resulting from targeted selection was demonstrated. The highest concentration of P4 used in the study exceeds the threshold limit concentration of P4 in wastewater mud by 5000 times. Putative metabolites of P4 were also investigated. Keywords: biodegradation; white phosphorus; Aspergillus niger; Streptomyces sp. A8
{"title":"Microorganisms Resistant to White Phosphorus","authors":"A. Mindubaev, A. Voloshina, E. Babynin, S. Minzanova, G. L., Mironova, K. Saparmyradov, E. Badeeva, Yaw Abayie Akosah","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8035","url":null,"abstract":"We present preliminary results on the successful culturing of different microbial taxonomic groups on media containing white phosphorus (P4) as the sole source of phosphorus. The increase in culture resistance resulting from targeted selection was demonstrated. The highest concentration of P4 used in the study exceeds the threshold limit concentration of P4 in wastewater mud by 5000 times. Putative metabolites of P4 were also investigated. \u0000Keywords: biodegradation; white phosphorus; Aspergillus niger; Streptomyces sp. A8","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84823593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anton Sergeevich Vlasov, Konstantin Georgievich Pugin
The negative impact on the environment from drill cuttings resulting from drilling wells for oil production is assessed in this article. Environmental hazards are contaminants such as petroleum products, drilling fluid reagents, and chemical compounds of heavy metals that make up drill cuttings. To assess the negative impact, the heavy metal content indicators and chemical analysis parameters of drill cuttings were determined. It has been established that there are no excesses in the standards for the content of heavy metals in drill cuttings. The results of chemical analysis showed that there are excesses in values: MPC (Maximum Permissible Concentrations), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), oil content, solids, hardness, magnesium and calcium ions, chlorides. Two directions of utilization of drill cuttings were selected: the use of drill cuttings in the construction of the foundation of the road, and obtaining material based on drill cuttings to strengthen slopes. A technoground was obtained in the form of a lumpy material for placement in a barn and further excavation for filling embankments and strengthening soil. In preliminary studies, it was found that theb technoground sample with the following component composition has the most stable strength characteristics: cement - 20%; drill cuttings - 80%; liquid glass - 2% over 100% of the mixture. Keywords: drill cuttings, negative impact, environment, utilization, technoground
{"title":"Use of Drill Cuttings for Road Building","authors":"Anton Sergeevich Vlasov, Konstantin Georgievich Pugin","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8044","url":null,"abstract":"The negative impact on the environment from drill cuttings resulting from drilling wells for oil production is assessed in this article. Environmental hazards are contaminants such as petroleum products, drilling fluid reagents, and chemical compounds of heavy metals that make up drill cuttings. To assess the negative impact, the heavy metal content indicators and chemical analysis parameters of drill cuttings were determined. It has been established that there are no excesses in the standards for the content of heavy metals in drill cuttings. The results of chemical analysis showed that there are excesses in values: MPC (Maximum Permissible Concentrations), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), oil content, solids, hardness, magnesium and calcium ions, chlorides. Two directions of utilization of drill cuttings were selected: the use of drill cuttings in the construction of the foundation of the road, and obtaining material based on drill cuttings to strengthen slopes. A technoground was obtained in the form of a lumpy material for placement in a barn and further excavation for filling embankments and strengthening soil. In preliminary studies, it was found that theb technoground sample with the following component composition has the most stable strength characteristics: cement - 20%; drill cuttings - 80%; liquid glass - 2% over 100% of the mixture. \u0000Keywords: drill cuttings, negative impact, environment, utilization, technoground","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89636914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roman Aleksandrovich Okulov, Konstantin Ivanovich Sarsadskikh, Sergey Anatolievich Ilinykh, Mikhail Nikolayevich Zakharov
A variant of the use of plasmatrons for the disposal of industrial waste and the organization of non-waste production is proposed in this article, which presents the design for the functioning equipment. A computer experiment was carried out to determine the parameters of the flow of the plasma jet. The results of a computer experiment are confirmed by a full-scale experiment. Conclusions and results are of practical benefit to developers and consumers of technological equipment. Keywords: plasmatron, flow, plasma, jet, temperature, velocity
{"title":"The Influence of the Direction of the Channels of the Gas Swirlers on the Properties of the Flow of the Plasma Jet under Implementation Theoretical Basis and Technical Solutions for Recycling Technogenic Waste","authors":"Roman Aleksandrovich Okulov, Konstantin Ivanovich Sarsadskikh, Sergey Anatolievich Ilinykh, Mikhail Nikolayevich Zakharov","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8048","url":null,"abstract":"A variant of the use of plasmatrons for the disposal of industrial waste and the organization of non-waste production is proposed in this article, which presents the design for the functioning equipment. A computer experiment was carried out to determine the parameters of the flow of the plasma jet. The results of a computer experiment are confirmed by a full-scale experiment. Conclusions and results are of practical benefit to developers and consumers of technological equipment. \u0000Keywords: plasmatron, flow, plasma, jet, temperature, velocity","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"392 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73140182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The chemical and fractional composition of ash-and-slag waste and fly ash materials of three large combined heat and power plants in Central Russia was compared in this study to assess their influence on the germination of oats as an indicator of the phytotoxic effect of these materials as soil components. It was found that these materials have an acceptable chemical composition from the viewpoint of their release into the environment, but there are factors such as fractional composition that significantly affect the growth and the development of plants when using these materials as soil components during soil reclamation. Keywords: Ash-And-Slag waste, coal fly ash, Chemical and fractional composition
{"title":"Suitability Evaluation of Ash-And-Slag Waste from Coal Power Plants as Soil Components","authors":"D. Volkov, O. Rogova, I. Levin, Proskurnin","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8106","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The chemical and fractional composition of ash-and-slag waste and fly ash materials of three large combined heat and power plants in Central Russia was compared in this study to assess their influence on the germination of oats as an indicator of the phytotoxic effect of these materials as soil components. It was found that these materials have an acceptable chemical composition from the viewpoint of their release into the environment, but there are factors such as fractional composition that significantly affect the growth and the development of plants when using these materials as soil components during soil reclamation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Ash-And-Slag waste, coal fly ash, Chemical and fractional composition \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74584954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. E. Roshchin, G. Adilov, A. Povolotckii, Y. Kapelyushin
The Ural region has a large number of metallurgical companies. The extraction of metals from ore is always accompanied by the accumulation of wastes. Currently, most of the wastes are stored in dumps and storage facilities forming technogenic deposits. One such that occupies huge areas is copper slag from the copper-smelting production. According to current estimations, about 2.2 tons of slag is formed for each ton of copper produced and about 24 million tons are produced annually [1]. In general, a copper slag contains about 35-45% iron and 0.4-0.5 copper, which indicates that this is a valuable secondary resource for recycling and utilization [33]. However, more than 80% of copper slag is not utilized, which makes it possible to consider this waste not only as a valuable material, but also as a potential hazard for the environment; it contaminates the soil and water with heavy elements [8]. Currently, only small amounts of the waste are recycled. In addition, technologies do not allow the complete extraction of valuable elements. This offers potential for the development of new highly efficient technologies for processing copper smelting wastes with extraction of valuable elements such as iron (Fe). Improvement of Fe quality requires a decrease in non-ferrous metal content, especially Cu. In recent years, extensive research was directed at the extraction of valuable materials from copper slags by high-temperature firing of copper conglomerates with subsequent magnetic separation or leaching of non-ferrous metals. However, these studies do not allow the complete processing of copper smelting slags. This work studies the production of iron-containing briquettes from copper-smelting slags, and their subsequent processing to obtain valuable products for metallurgical and oil companies. Keywords: briquette, reduction, cast iron, proppants
{"title":"Complex Processing of Copper Smelting Slags with Obtaining of Cast Iron Grinding Media and Proppants","authors":"V. E. Roshchin, G. Adilov, A. Povolotckii, Y. Kapelyushin","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The Ural region has a large number of metallurgical companies. The extraction of metals from ore is always accompanied by the accumulation of wastes. Currently, most of the wastes are stored in dumps and storage facilities forming technogenic deposits. One such that occupies huge areas is copper slag from the copper-smelting production. According to current estimations, about 2.2 tons of slag is formed for each ton of copper produced and about 24 million tons are produced annually [1]. In general, a copper slag contains about 35-45% iron and 0.4-0.5 copper, which indicates that this is a valuable secondary resource for recycling and utilization [33]. However, more than 80% of copper slag is not utilized, which makes it possible to consider this waste not only as a valuable material, but also as a potential hazard for the environment; it contaminates the soil and water with heavy elements [8]. Currently, only small amounts of the waste are recycled. In addition, technologies do not allow the complete extraction of valuable elements. This offers potential for the development of new highly efficient technologies for processing copper smelting wastes with extraction of valuable elements such as iron (Fe). Improvement of Fe quality requires a decrease in non-ferrous metal content, especially Cu. In recent years, extensive research was directed at the extraction of valuable materials from copper slags by high-temperature firing of copper conglomerates with subsequent magnetic separation or leaching of non-ferrous metals. However, these studies do not allow the complete processing of copper smelting slags. This work studies the production of iron-containing briquettes from copper-smelting slags, and their subsequent processing to obtain valuable products for metallurgical and oil companies. \u0000Keywords: briquette, reduction, cast iron, proppants \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80961651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the results of studies for plasma incineration processes in technologies of waste disposal and disposal are presented. Due to the high temperatures of the plasma jet (up to 10 thousand K), the speed of the process, the small influence of atmospheric oxygen, the necessary conditions for the neutralization of almost any toxic gases arise. It is noted that the evaluation of the efficiency of toxic gases neutralization with the use of plasma torches is a multiparameter problem, since in addition to the constructive ones, the gas-dynamic and heat-power parameters should be taken into account. The gas-dynamic parameters of the air-plasma flow in the plasma torch mixing chamber for environmental technologies are determined by methods of mathematical modeling. The characteristic temperatures, velocities and heating times of the utilized gas in different areas of the mixing chamber are calculated. Different configurations of mixing chambers with varying confusability are considered. The directions of further research and development necessary to create a technology of plasma incineration with maximum efficiency of disinfection are indicated. The issues of plasma incineration introduction at certain stages of high-temperature waste disposal technologies are also considered. The main advantages of technologies based on high-temperature plasma impact on materials, as well as the main directions of their application in waste management strategies are noted. Keywords: ecological safety, waste recycling, waste treatment, decontamination, incineration, plasma torch
{"title":"The Development of Plasma Incineration Technologies for Utilization and Neutralization of Waste Hazardous Class","authors":"Sergey Vadimovich Anakhov, Yuriy Anatolievich Pyckin, Anatoliy Vladimirovich Matushkin, Galina Valerianovna Kharina, Boris Nickolaevich Guzanov","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8043","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the results of studies for plasma incineration processes in technologies of waste disposal and disposal are presented. Due to the high temperatures of the plasma jet (up to 10 thousand K), the speed of the process, the small influence of atmospheric oxygen, the necessary conditions for the neutralization of almost any toxic gases arise. It is noted that the evaluation of the efficiency of toxic gases neutralization with the use of plasma torches is a multiparameter problem, since in addition to the constructive ones, the gas-dynamic and heat-power parameters should be taken into account. The gas-dynamic parameters of the air-plasma flow in the plasma torch mixing chamber for environmental technologies are determined by methods of mathematical modeling. The characteristic temperatures, velocities and heating times of the utilized gas in different areas of the mixing chamber are calculated. Different configurations of mixing chambers with varying confusability are considered. The directions of further research and development necessary to create a technology of plasma incineration with maximum efficiency of disinfection are indicated. The issues of plasma incineration introduction at certain stages of high-temperature waste disposal technologies are also considered. The main advantages of technologies based on high-temperature plasma impact on materials, as well as the main directions of their application in waste management strategies are noted. \u0000Keywords: ecological safety, waste recycling, waste treatment, decontamination, incineration, plasma torch","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90473261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Zhuchkov, L. Leontiev, A. Sychev, V. Y. Dashevsky, O. Zayakin
Ferroalloys are used to change the composition and properties of ferrous and non- ferrous metals. Therefore, the volume of ferroalloy smelting corresponds to the amount of steel and other alloys produced. Currently world steel production is approximately 1630 million tons, and about 40 million tons of various ferroalloys are produced (2.5%). The structure of ferroalloy production in different countries mainly depends not on the needs of industrial enterprises, but on ore reserves. Excessive amounts of ferroalloys produced are exported, and the missing alloys are imported. In Russia silicon alloys that have no restrictions in the raw material base (44%) are the most produced, then manganese (25%) and chromium (23%) ferroalloys. The remaining ferroalloys account for 8% of production. About half of the manganese ferroalloys needed for consumption are bought abroad, and half are produced in the Russian Federation from foreign raw materials (Kazakhstan, South Africa, Gabon). The Russian Federation provides itself with chromium ferroalloys completely, and sells ∼ 80%, and for their production mainly imported raw materials (∼ 65%) from Kazakhstan are used. Keywords: ferroalloy, ferrochrome, slags, production of ferroalloy
{"title":"The Waste of the Ferroalloy Production in Russia","authors":"V. Zhuchkov, L. Leontiev, A. Sychev, V. Y. Dashevsky, O. Zayakin","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8125","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Ferroalloys are used to change the composition and properties of ferrous and non- ferrous metals. Therefore, the volume of ferroalloy smelting corresponds to the amount of steel and other alloys produced. Currently world steel production is approximately 1630 million tons, and about 40 million tons of various ferroalloys are produced (2.5%). The structure of ferroalloy production in different countries mainly depends not on the needs of industrial enterprises, but on ore reserves. Excessive amounts of ferroalloys produced are exported, and the missing alloys are imported. In Russia silicon alloys that have no restrictions in the raw material base (44%) are the most produced, then manganese (25%) and chromium (23%) ferroalloys. The remaining ferroalloys account for 8% of production. About half of the manganese ferroalloys needed for consumption are bought abroad, and half are produced in the Russian Federation from foreign raw materials (Kazakhstan, South Africa, Gabon). The Russian Federation provides itself with chromium ferroalloys completely, and sells ∼ 80%, and for their production mainly imported raw materials (∼ 65%) from Kazakhstan are used. \u0000Keywords: ferroalloy, ferrochrome, slags, production of ferroalloy \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89864817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Konstantin L. Timofeev, Alexey A. Korolev, Gennady I. Maltsev
During the processing of lead containing products and polymetallic alloys the recovery of tin and antimony from technology of lead production is carried out by oxidation refining of decopperized lead with rich oxides (Sn, Sb ≥ 20%).Tin oxides are melted in a short-drum furnaces to lead bullion (> 96% Pb) and tin-rich (> 20% Sn) slag. The slag is melted in an ore-smelting furnace to obtain a Sn-Pb alloy of next composition, %: 56.1 Sn, 18.2 Pb, 14.6 Sb, 6.9 As, which is refined by vacuum distillation with production of rough tin (Sn ≥ 90%). The additional profit of rough tin obtainment (∼310 tons/year), compared with sales of tin slag, is about ∼1.3 million $/year. Keywords: lead, tin, antimony, melting, vacuum distillation
{"title":"Processing of Sb-Pb-Sn-Containing Materials","authors":"Konstantin L. Timofeev, Alexey A. Korolev, Gennady I. Maltsev","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8070","url":null,"abstract":"During the processing of lead containing products and polymetallic alloys the recovery of tin and antimony from technology of lead production is carried out by oxidation refining of decopperized lead with rich oxides (Sn, Sb ≥ 20%).Tin oxides are melted in a short-drum furnaces to lead bullion (> 96% Pb) and tin-rich (> 20% Sn) slag. The slag is melted in an ore-smelting furnace to obtain a Sn-Pb alloy of next composition, %: 56.1 Sn, 18.2 Pb, 14.6 Sb, 6.9 As, which is refined by vacuum distillation with production of rough tin (Sn ≥ 90%). The additional profit of rough tin obtainment (∼310 tons/year), compared with sales of tin slag, is about ∼1.3 million $/year. \u0000Keywords: lead, tin, antimony, melting, vacuum distillation","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88186925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Kapustin, V. Ufimtsev, A. Vishnevsky, I. Fomina, A. Kapustin, K. Zemlyanoy
The system of dry ash–slag removal at the Reftinskaya state district power plant which provides capture, storage and shipment of fly ash to the consumers is considered in this study. The results of determination of chemical and phase composition, physical properties, melting temperature and activity of natural radionuclides of ash which is form during burning of stone coal of Ekibastuz basin are presented. Ash is acidic, superfine and refractory one with a low content of combustible substance. As to composition and properties it satisfies the requirements of Russian Standard no. 25818 and ships to consumers under Technical Conditions 5717–004–79935691–2009. The results of laboratory tests and industrial production of building materials and products on the basis of ash of Reftinskaya state district power plant are presented. It is shown that ash is used in the production of Portland cement, heavy and cellular autoclave concrete, dry mixes and can also be used as part of fly ash non-fired and agloporite gravel, ceramic bricks. The features of their production, basic physical and mechanical properties of building materials and products are described. It is shown that the introduction of a new system of dry ash removal at the state district power plant contributes to the expansion of directions and increase in the volume of ash recycling. Keywords: Reftinskaya state district power plant, dry ash removal, fly ash, composition, properties, use, construction materials and products
{"title":"The Use of Reftinskaya State District Power Plant Fly Ash in the Production of Building Materials and Products","authors":"F. Kapustin, V. Ufimtsev, A. Vishnevsky, I. Fomina, A. Kapustin, K. Zemlyanoy","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8058","url":null,"abstract":"The system of dry ash–slag removal at the Reftinskaya state district power plant which provides capture, storage and shipment of fly ash to the consumers is considered in this study. The results of determination of chemical and phase composition, physical properties, melting temperature and activity of natural radionuclides of ash which is form during burning of stone coal of Ekibastuz basin are presented. Ash is acidic, superfine and refractory one with a low content of combustible substance. As to composition and properties it satisfies the requirements of Russian Standard no. 25818 and ships to consumers under Technical Conditions 5717–004–79935691–2009. The results of laboratory tests and industrial production of building materials and products on the basis of ash of Reftinskaya state district power plant are presented. It is shown that ash is used in the production of Portland cement, heavy and cellular autoclave concrete, dry mixes and can also be used as part of fly ash non-fired and agloporite gravel, ceramic bricks. The features of their production, basic physical and mechanical properties of building materials and products are described. It is shown that the introduction of a new system of dry ash removal at the state district power plant contributes to the expansion of directions and increase in the volume of ash recycling. \u0000Keywords: Reftinskaya state district power plant, dry ash removal, fly ash, composition, properties, use, construction materials and products","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86861436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article considers the problem of processing and disposing of oil sludge of various origins. Large oil companies are concerned about the problem of incomplete processing of oil sludge. The most hazardous from an environmental point of view include oil sludge formed at all stages of oil production, transportation and refining. In recent years, oil-producing enterprises have introduced various technological solutions aimed at waste management into production, but there is no single method for processing oil sludge for the purpose of neutralization and disposal. All known oil sludge processing technologies by processing methods can be divided into the following groups: thermal - burning in open barns, furnaces of various types, obtaining bitumen residues; physical - burial in special cemeteries, separation in a centrifugal field, vacuum filtration and filtration under pressure; physical and chemical - the use of specially selected reagents that change the physical and chemical properties, followed by processing on special equipment; and biological - microbiological decomposition in the soil directly in storage, biothermal decomposition. Each of them, while having certain advantages, also has its drawbacks. For over 50 years, microwave heating technology has been used in industry. To present the advantages of this method, one needs to turn to the theory of microwave heating. Keywords: oil sludge, oil waste, influence of electromagnetic fields, water-in-oil emulsions
{"title":"Development of Technology for Processing Oil Sludge with Application of Super High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields","authors":"J. Harisova, R. Saitov, R. Abdeev","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8145","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This article considers the problem of processing and disposing of oil sludge of various origins. Large oil companies are concerned about the problem of incomplete processing of oil sludge. The most hazardous from an environmental point of view include oil sludge formed at all stages of oil production, transportation and refining. In recent years, oil-producing enterprises have introduced various technological solutions aimed at waste management into production, but there is no single method for processing oil sludge for the purpose of neutralization and disposal. All known oil sludge processing technologies by processing methods can be divided into the following groups: thermal - burning in open barns, furnaces of various types, obtaining bitumen residues; physical - burial in special cemeteries, separation in a centrifugal field, vacuum filtration and filtration under pressure; physical and chemical - the use of specially selected reagents that change the physical and chemical properties, followed by processing on special equipment; and biological - microbiological decomposition in the soil directly in storage, biothermal decomposition. Each of them, while having certain advantages, also has its drawbacks. For over 50 years, microwave heating technology has been used in industry. To present the advantages of this method, one needs to turn to the theory of microwave heating. \u0000Keywords: oil sludge, oil waste, influence of electromagnetic fields, water-in-oil emulsions \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"20 Suppl 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79537925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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