Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.65137
Ripon Barua, Imranul Mawa, Rajib Chowdhury, Muhammad Alamgir Mandal
Background: Obesity is an important cause for human morbidity and mortality. Objective: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and its co-morbidities among school teachers in Dhaka city. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out from May 2017 to October of 2017. Total 250 school teachers aged between 25-59 years were enrolled using cluster random sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic profile, co-morbidities, weight, height and blood pressure were recorded. Results: The prevalence of obesity among school teachers was 15.2%. The mean age of the participants was 46.1±8.2 years. Female teachers were more obese compared to male (20% vs 5.9%), this association was statistically significant (p=0.001). Majority obese participants belonging to the age group of 41-59 years with higher prevalence among female compared to male (25.2% vs 5.8%), this was statistically significant (p=0.030). About 53% obese teachers had hypertension (HTN). On the other hand, Pre-HTN was observed more among obese participants (42.1%) compared to overweight (14.8%). About one third of overweight and obese participants were diabetic (30.6% and 34.2% respectively) and dyslipidaemic (21.5% and 23.7% respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity and its co-morbidities such as HTN, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia etc was high among the study participants. By promoting healthy life style and behaviors can reduce the burden of obesity and its co-morbidities. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 245-249
背景:肥胖是人类发病和死亡的重要原因。目的:本研究旨在了解达卡市学校教师的肥胖患病率及其合并症。材料与方法:本横断面研究于2017年5月至2017年10月进行。采用整群随机抽样方法,对250名年龄在25 ~ 59岁之间的学校教师进行了调查。记录社会人口统计资料、合并症、体重、身高和血压。结果:学校教师肥胖率为15.2%。参与者的平均年龄为46.1±8.2岁。女教师肥胖率高于男教师(20% vs 5.9%),这种关联有统计学意义(p=0.001)。大多数肥胖参与者属于41-59岁年龄组,女性患病率高于男性(25.2%比5.8%),这具有统计学意义(p=0.030)。约53%的肥胖教师有高血压(HTN)。另一方面,肥胖参与者(42.1%)比超重参与者(14.8%)更容易出现Pre-HTN。大约三分之一的超重和肥胖参与者患有糖尿病(分别为30.6%和34.2%)和血脂异常(分别为21.5%和23.7%)。结论:研究对象中肥胖及其合并症如HTN、糖尿病、血脂异常等的患病率较高。通过促进健康的生活方式和行为,可以减轻肥胖及其合并症的负担。KYAMC学报,Vol. 13, No. 04, 2023年1月:245-249
{"title":"Obesity and Its Co-Morbidities among School Teachers in Dhaka City","authors":"Ripon Barua, Imranul Mawa, Rajib Chowdhury, Muhammad Alamgir Mandal","doi":"10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.65137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.65137","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity is an important cause for human morbidity and mortality. Objective: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and its co-morbidities among school teachers in Dhaka city. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out from May 2017 to October of 2017. Total 250 school teachers aged between 25-59 years were enrolled using cluster random sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic profile, co-morbidities, weight, height and blood pressure were recorded. Results: The prevalence of obesity among school teachers was 15.2%. The mean age of the participants was 46.1±8.2 years. Female teachers were more obese compared to male (20% vs 5.9%), this association was statistically significant (p=0.001). Majority obese participants belonging to the age group of 41-59 years with higher prevalence among female compared to male (25.2% vs 5.8%), this was statistically significant (p=0.030). About 53% obese teachers had hypertension (HTN). On the other hand, Pre-HTN was observed more among obese participants (42.1%) compared to overweight (14.8%). About one third of overweight and obese participants were diabetic (30.6% and 34.2% respectively) and dyslipidaemic (21.5% and 23.7% respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity and its co-morbidities such as HTN, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia etc was high among the study participants. By promoting healthy life style and behaviors can reduce the burden of obesity and its co-morbidities. \u0000KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 245-249","PeriodicalId":17948,"journal":{"name":"KYAMC Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78575331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.64927
A. Moniruddin
Abstract not available KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 189-191
《中华医学杂志》第13卷第4期,2023年1月:189-191
{"title":"Dangers of Xenobiotics To Health and Ecosystem","authors":"A. Moniruddin","doi":"10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.64927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.64927","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract not available \u0000KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 189-191","PeriodicalId":17948,"journal":{"name":"KYAMC Journal","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78654573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Diabetic neuropathic pain exerts strong as well as negative influence on both survival and quality of life of the patient. This pain is difficult to treat with conventional analgesics. Now a days, different medicinal herbs are highlighted due to their wide range of beneficial application with less side effects. In this regards Spirulina platensis is well known for its wide range of biological activities. Objective: To assess the effects of oral administration of Spirulina platensis on cold allodynia and chemical allodynia in diabetic neuropathic pain in Long Evans rats.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from March 2017 to February 2019. Twenty four (24) Long Evans rats, having 150 to 200 grams body weight (on the basis of treatments), the rats were divided into Group I (normal saline 5 ml/kg body weight) and Group II (Spirulina platensis 400 mg/kg body weight). All the supplementations were given once daily for consecutive 21 days orally and last doses were given one hour before the pain evaluation tests. Further on the basis of experiments, previously grouped rats were divided into subgroup ‘a’(cold tail immersion test), and ‘b’ (formalin test). Data were expressed as mean±SEM and were statistically analyzed by SPSS (Version 16) using independent sample ‘t’ test to compare mean value between two groups. (p 0.05 was considered as the level of significance).Results: Spirulina platensis showed significantly higher tail flick latency (p 0.001) in cold tail immersion test. S. platensis demonstrated significantly lowered jerking frequency (p 0.001,p 0.01,p 0.001, respectively); the duration of licking (p 0.001,p 0.05,p 0.001, respectively) and the duration of flexing (p 0.001, non-significant 0.01, respectively) in early, inter and late phases of formalin test in compared to those of control. Conclusion: S. platensis attenuates cold allodynia and chemical allodynia diabetic neuropathic pain in rat model. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 208-213
{"title":"Spirulina platensis Attenuates Cold Allodynia and Chemical Allodynia in Streptozotocin induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"Munmun Ghosh, Satabdi Ghosh, Taskina Ali, Nahida Sultana Nipa, Shuvajit Roy, Fadia Tasnim, Md Bulbul Hossain, Md. Mahbubur Rahman","doi":"10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.65057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.65057","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic neuropathic pain exerts strong as well as negative influence on both survival and quality of life of the patient. This pain is difficult to treat with conventional analgesics. Now a days, different medicinal herbs are highlighted due to their wide range of beneficial application with less side effects. In this regards Spirulina platensis is well known for its wide range of biological activities. Objective: To assess the effects of oral administration of Spirulina platensis on cold allodynia and chemical allodynia in diabetic neuropathic pain in Long Evans rats.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from March 2017 to February 2019. Twenty four (24) Long Evans rats, having 150 to 200 grams body weight (on the basis of treatments), the rats were divided into Group I (normal saline 5 ml/kg body weight) and Group II (Spirulina platensis 400 mg/kg body weight). All the supplementations were given once daily for consecutive 21 days orally and last doses were given one hour before the pain evaluation tests. Further on the basis of experiments, previously grouped rats were divided into subgroup ‘a’(cold tail immersion test), and ‘b’ (formalin test). Data were expressed as mean±SEM and were statistically analyzed by SPSS (Version 16) using independent sample ‘t’ test to compare mean value between two groups. (p 0.05 was considered as the level of significance).Results: Spirulina platensis showed significantly higher tail flick latency (p 0.001) in cold tail immersion test. S. platensis demonstrated significantly lowered jerking frequency (p 0.001,p 0.01,p 0.001, respectively); the duration of licking (p 0.001,p 0.05,p 0.001, respectively) and the duration of flexing (p 0.001, non-significant 0.01, respectively) in early, inter and late phases of formalin test in compared to those of control. Conclusion: S. platensis attenuates cold allodynia and chemical allodynia diabetic neuropathic pain in rat model.\u0000KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 208-213","PeriodicalId":17948,"journal":{"name":"KYAMC Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83082874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.65085
Sirajum Monira, Mosammat Afroza Jinnat, Md Tafazzal Hossain Khan, M A Salim, Mashura Musharraf
Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a relatively common pregnancy disorder that causes variable maternal and fetal problems. This may increase the number of perinatal asphyxia, sepsis, still birth etc. It also has a significant affect on birth weight which is also related to gestational age. Objectives: To observe the impact of pregnancy induced hypertension on their newborn babies and compare the findings with the babies of normotensive mother. Materias and Methods: This case control study was conducted from July 2016 to December 2016. The study group was selected from the babies of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) mothers and control group selected from babies of a normotensive mother attending in Obstetrics department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka having the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The total number of 100 neonates were included consecutively in this study. 50 neonates born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension were grouped as cases and 50 neonates born to normotensive mothers were grouped as control. Results: The study revealed that, the highest frequency of neonatal morbidities were perinatal asphyxia (22%) among the babies of PIH mother. Stillbirth it was found 12 % . The duration of pregnancy were also affected by PIH where most of the babies were preterm (88%) and complete-term pregnancy found only (12%). It should be mentioned that those mother having history of preeclampsia delivered more premature babies (p <0.001). Another important outcome birth weight related to gestational age was also very important which were measured as the highest for SGA 92% and AGA 8%. The weight of the baby were significantly (p<0.001) reduced in those who had a history of PIH and the mean weight was 1592.78 ± 470.06. Conclusion: Prematurity, Small for gestational-age babies and perinatal asphyxia are more common in Pregnancy induced hypertension group than in the normotensive group. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 204-207
{"title":"Impact of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension on Babies","authors":"Sirajum Monira, Mosammat Afroza Jinnat, Md Tafazzal Hossain Khan, M A Salim, Mashura Musharraf","doi":"10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.65085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.65085","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a relatively common pregnancy disorder that causes variable maternal and fetal problems. This may increase the number of perinatal asphyxia, sepsis, still birth etc. It also has a significant affect on birth weight which is also related to gestational age. Objectives: To observe the impact of pregnancy induced hypertension on their newborn babies and compare the findings with the babies of normotensive mother. Materias and Methods: This case control study was conducted from July 2016 to December 2016. The study group was selected from the babies of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) mothers and control group selected from babies of a normotensive mother attending in Obstetrics department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka having the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The total number of 100 neonates were included consecutively in this study. 50 neonates born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension were grouped as cases and 50 neonates born to normotensive mothers were grouped as control. Results: The study revealed that, the highest frequency of neonatal morbidities were perinatal asphyxia (22%) among the babies of PIH mother. Stillbirth it was found 12 % . The duration of pregnancy were also affected by PIH where most of the babies were preterm (88%) and complete-term pregnancy found only (12%). It should be mentioned that those mother having history of preeclampsia delivered more premature babies (p <0.001). Another important outcome birth weight related to gestational age was also very important which were measured as the highest for SGA 92% and AGA 8%. The weight of the baby were significantly (p<0.001) reduced in those who had a history of PIH and the mean weight was 1592.78 ± 470.06. Conclusion: Prematurity, Small for gestational-age babies and perinatal asphyxia are more common in Pregnancy induced hypertension group than in the normotensive group. \u0000KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 204-207","PeriodicalId":17948,"journal":{"name":"KYAMC Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87136165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.65104
Mohammad Sayeed Ahmad, Md Abdullah Al Mamun, Sadia Chowdhury, Md Ahsan Habib
Background: Mental disorder account for 13% global burden of disease which has affected more than 970 million people worldwide in 2017. About 1 in 17 suffers from serious mental illness in worldwide. Therefore, the affected person is dependent on caregiver and their wellbeing is directly related to nature and quality of care provided by caregiver. Caregiver are especially vulnerable as they face complex, high burden care situation resulting in higher caregiver stress. The aim of this study is to determine the level of stress and coping of caregivers of Psychiatric patients. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 171 caregivers, aged more than 18 years in National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Shyamoli, Dhaka. Study period was from 1 January to 31 December 2020. The research participants were selected following the convenient sampling method based on defined selection criteria. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and the respondents were interviewed face to face individually while maintaining privacy and confidentiality. Result: Distribution of the socio demographic status of the study participants were females74% and male 26%. Their mean age was 40.09(±13.31) years. In educational level 33.9 % of the participants were illiterate, secondary level education up to 21.1%. In occupation housewife 57.9%, service holder 18.7%. Caregiver having 76.6% moderate stress, low stress 21.6% and 1.8% having high perceived stress. Association between stress and coping average, good coping 74.8% and 88.2% had moderate stress respectively. Their significant P value .009(p<0,05). The person’s correlation present between stress and coping was positive. The correlation co-efficient was .06 (p<0.05). So, there was a weak positive correlation between level of stress and coping status. Conclusion: Health care personal may screen the stress level of caregivers and if there is any functional impairment is present, they could proper evaluation and therapeutic intervention. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 240-244
{"title":"Stress and Coping Status Among the Caregivers of Psychiatrist Patients","authors":"Mohammad Sayeed Ahmad, Md Abdullah Al Mamun, Sadia Chowdhury, Md Ahsan Habib","doi":"10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.65104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.65104","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mental disorder account for 13% global burden of disease which has affected more than 970 million people worldwide in 2017. About 1 in 17 suffers from serious mental illness in worldwide. Therefore, the affected person is dependent on caregiver and their wellbeing is directly related to nature and quality of care provided by caregiver. Caregiver are especially vulnerable as they face complex, high burden care situation resulting in higher caregiver stress. The aim of this study is to determine the level of stress and coping of caregivers of Psychiatric patients. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 171 caregivers, aged more than 18 years in National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Shyamoli, Dhaka. Study period was from 1 January to 31 December 2020. The research participants were selected following the convenient sampling method based on defined selection criteria. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and the respondents were interviewed face to face individually while maintaining privacy and confidentiality. Result: Distribution of the socio demographic status of the study participants were females74% and male 26%. Their mean age was 40.09(±13.31) years. In educational level 33.9 % of the participants were illiterate, secondary level education up to 21.1%. In occupation housewife 57.9%, service holder 18.7%. Caregiver having 76.6% moderate stress, low stress 21.6% and 1.8% having high perceived stress. Association between stress and coping average, good coping 74.8% and 88.2% had moderate stress respectively. Their significant P value .009(p<0,05). The person’s correlation present between stress and coping was positive. The correlation co-efficient was .06 (p<0.05). So, there was a weak positive correlation between level of stress and coping status. Conclusion: Health care personal may screen the stress level of caregivers and if there is any functional impairment is present, they could proper evaluation and therapeutic intervention. \u0000KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 240-244","PeriodicalId":17948,"journal":{"name":"KYAMC Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77093089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Sleeping is the body's natural means of recharging, which aids in repair, healing, and learning from all interactions and activities during the day. To maintain their focus, concentration, and academic performance, students need to get enough sleep at night. Objective: To determine and compare the sleep quality of 278 undergraduate medical and university students. Materials and Methods: This online-based cross-sectional study was conducted by using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale. Results: The mean age of medical students were 22.6±1.5 years and university students were 22.0±1.2 years. The mean study hours in a day, spending time on digital media and BMI were almost similar in both settings students. The mean PSQI scores were 7.2±3.3 in medical students and 6.4±3.3 in university students respectively. Majorities of the students (71.2% and 58.3%) had poor sleep quality, but subjective sleep quality was good in both settings of students (60.4% and 51.8%). Educational backgrounds were significantly associated with level of sleep quality, level of subjective sleep quality and mean of PSQI scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that sleep quality is poor among public medical college students compared to university students. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 223-228
{"title":"Sleep Quality among Undergraduate Public Medical and University Students: A Comparative Study","authors":"Md Golam Abbas, Somaya Mostarin, Sumaya Hossin Rimmi, Riazin Sultana, Showlin Hossain, Mohammad Nurunnabi","doi":"10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.64857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.64857","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sleeping is the body's natural means of recharging, which aids in repair, healing, and learning from all interactions and activities during the day. To maintain their focus, concentration, and academic performance, students need to get enough sleep at night. Objective: To determine and compare the sleep quality of 278 undergraduate medical and university students. Materials and Methods: This online-based cross-sectional study was conducted by using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale. Results: The mean age of medical students were 22.6±1.5 years and university students were 22.0±1.2 years. The mean study hours in a day, spending time on digital media and BMI were almost similar in both settings students. The mean PSQI scores were 7.2±3.3 in medical students and 6.4±3.3 in university students respectively. Majorities of the students (71.2% and 58.3%) had poor sleep quality, but subjective sleep quality was good in both settings of students (60.4% and 51.8%). Educational backgrounds were significantly associated with level of sleep quality, level of subjective sleep quality and mean of PSQI scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that sleep quality is poor among public medical college students compared to university students. \u0000KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 223-228","PeriodicalId":17948,"journal":{"name":"KYAMC Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83055594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.64890
Rumy Tabrez Hyder, Shafi Ahmed, ATM Faruque Ahmed
Background: Acute watery diarrhea still remains a major health problem among under 5 children worldwide. Apart from oral rehydration solution, continued feeding and oral zinc therapy the administration of adequate amounts of probiotics seems beneficial for acute diarrheal episodes in children in the developing world. Objective: To compare the efficacy of zinc-probiotic combination therapy versus zinc-only therapy in children with acute watery diarrhea. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) conducted from July 2019 to June 2021 in the Department of Pediatrics, Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital. Total 70 children aged 6 months to 5 years admitted in hospital with acute watery diarrhea (AWD) with severe dehydration or some dehydration with intractable vomiting were included in this study. Patients were equally divided into 2 groups. Group A received oral zinc sulfate 20 mg/day for 10 days combined with oral Bacillus clausii probiotic 4million spores/day for 5 days. Group B received only oral zinc sulfate at the same dosage as group A. We also studied the relationship between mother`s education, knowledge of ORS preparation and child’s feeding practices and nutritional status with the occurrence of diarrhea in children. Results: Frequency of diarrhoea was significantly higher in group B (Zinc only) in comparison to group A (Zinc and probiotic). Mean frequency of diarrhea, Mean duration of diarrhea and Mean length of hospital stay was significantly higher in group B (Zinc) than group A (Zinc+Probiotic). Conclusion: Compared to oral Zinc therapy only; the combination of oral zinc and probiotic therapy is clinically more effective in reducing the frequency of acute watery diarrhea in under 5 years children. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 218-222
{"title":"Compare the Effect of Zinc–Probiotic versus Zinc Therapy in Acute Watery Diarrhea in Children","authors":"Rumy Tabrez Hyder, Shafi Ahmed, ATM Faruque Ahmed","doi":"10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.64890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.64890","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute watery diarrhea still remains a major health problem among under 5 children worldwide. Apart from oral rehydration solution, continued feeding and oral zinc therapy the administration of adequate amounts of probiotics seems beneficial for acute diarrheal episodes in children in the developing world. Objective: To compare the efficacy of zinc-probiotic combination therapy versus zinc-only therapy in children with acute watery diarrhea. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) conducted from July 2019 to June 2021 in the Department of Pediatrics, Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital. Total 70 children aged 6 months to 5 years admitted in hospital with acute watery diarrhea (AWD) with severe dehydration or some dehydration with intractable vomiting were included in this study. Patients were equally divided into 2 groups. Group A received oral zinc sulfate 20 mg/day for 10 days combined with oral Bacillus clausii probiotic 4million spores/day for 5 days. Group B received only oral zinc sulfate at the same dosage as group A. We also studied the relationship between mother`s education, knowledge of ORS preparation and child’s feeding practices and nutritional status with the occurrence of diarrhea in children. Results: Frequency of diarrhoea was significantly higher in group B (Zinc only) in comparison to group A (Zinc and probiotic). Mean frequency of diarrhea, Mean duration of diarrhea and Mean length of hospital stay was significantly higher in group B (Zinc) than group A (Zinc+Probiotic). Conclusion: Compared to oral Zinc therapy only; the combination of oral zinc and probiotic therapy is clinically more effective in reducing the frequency of acute watery diarrhea in under 5 years children.\u0000KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 218-222","PeriodicalId":17948,"journal":{"name":"KYAMC Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88959032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Regional anaesthesia has become an important anaesthetic technique now a days. Pharmacologically induced tranquility improves acceptance of regional technique. Objective: To compare Fentanyl and Fenofol (Fentanyl+Propofol) in terms of onset and recovery of sedation, haemodynamic effects, respiratory effects and adverse effects of both the drugs during elective Caesarian section under spinal(subarachnoid) anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 60 ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologists) grade I or II patients between age 20-40 years undergoing elective Caesarean sections under Subarachnoid anaesthesia during the period January 2022 to June 2022. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups: Fentanyl group (Group F, n=30), who received Fentanyl in a single dose of 0.5mcg/kg and Fenofol group (Group FP, n=30), who received Fenofol in a single dose of Fentanyl-0.5mcg/kg+Propofol-0.5mg/kg. Spinal anaesthesia was conducted by injecting a hyperbaric solution of 0.5% bupivacaine 3ml through a 25G spinal needle at L3-4 level. All parameters were documented at 5 min intervals until arousal of the patient. The onset of sedation i.e. time from iv (intravenous) injection of Fentanyl or Fenofol to closure of eye lids (OAA/S score of 3) and the arousal time from sedation i.e. time from closing of the eye lids to OAA/S score of 5 ( patient is awake clinically) were noted. Any complication during operation was documented. The patient’s satisfaction with the sedation was assessed by the 5 point ‘Likert verbal rating scale.’ Results: There was no significant difference of mean blood pressure and mean heart rate between the two groups in different time intervals (P>0.05). Time of onset of sedation and the arousal time i.e. duration of sedation was comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). Significant percentage of patients required O2 supplementation in Fenofol group due to hypoventilation (66.66% vs 10%, P<0.001). Pain in arm during drug administration was significantly more with Fenofol (46.66% vs 6.66%, P<0.001). Conclusion: As a significantly higher percentage of patients required O2 supplementation during sedation with Fenofol and pain in arm during drug administration was significantly more in Fenofol group, it is recommended that Fentanyl is a better choice than Fenofol for sedation in single dose technique during subarachnoid block for Caesarean section. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 234-239
背景:区域麻醉已成为一种重要的麻醉技术。药理学诱导的平静提高了局部技术的接受度。目的:比较芬太尼与非诺酚(芬太尼+异丙酚)在脊髓(蛛网膜下腔)麻醉下择期剖宫产时镇静起效、恢复、血流动力学作用、呼吸作用及不良反应。材料和方法:该随机临床试验包括60例年龄在20-40岁之间的ASA(美国麻醉师学会)I级或II级患者,于2022年1月至2022年6月期间在蛛网膜下腔麻醉下进行选择性剖腹产。患者随机分为两组:芬太尼组(F组,n=30),芬太尼单次剂量0.5mcg/kg;非诺酚组(FP组,n=30),非诺酚单次剂量芬太尼-0.5mcg/kg+异丙酚-0.5mg/kg。脊髓麻醉通过25G脊髓针在L3-4水平注射0.5%布比卡因3ml高压溶液。每隔5分钟记录一次所有参数,直到患者醒来。记录镇静的起效时间,即从静脉注射芬太尼或非诺酚到闭上眼睑(OAA/S评分为3)的时间,以及镇静的唤醒时间,即从闭上眼睑到OAA/S评分为5(患者临床清醒)的时间。记录手术过程中任何并发症。采用李克特5分口头评定量表评估患者对镇静的满意度。结果:两组患者在不同时间间隔的平均血压、平均心率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。两组患者镇静起效时间和唤醒时间(即镇静持续时间)具有可比性(P < 0.05)。非诺福尔组患者因低通气需要补充氧气的比例显著(66.66% vs 10%, P<0.001)。非诺酚组给药期间手臂疼痛明显加重(46.66% vs 6.66%, P<0.001)。结论:剖宫产术中蛛网膜下腔阻滞单剂量镇静时,芬太尼比非诺酚更适合于芬太尼,且非诺酚组在镇静过程中需要补充氧气的比例明显高于非诺酚组,给药过程中手臂疼痛明显高于非诺酚组。KYAMC学报,Vol. 13, No. 04, 2023年1月:234-239
{"title":"Comparison between Effects of Fentanyl and Fenofol as Sedative in Elective Caesarean Section under Subarachnoid Anaesthesia","authors":"Md Enayet Karim, Mohammad Saleh Akram, RAM Mustafijur Rashid, Reza Ershad, Md Muzibur Rahman","doi":"10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.40949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.40949","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Regional anaesthesia has become an important anaesthetic technique now a days. Pharmacologically induced tranquility improves acceptance of regional technique. Objective: To compare Fentanyl and Fenofol (Fentanyl+Propofol) in terms of onset and recovery of sedation, haemodynamic effects, respiratory effects and adverse effects of both the drugs during elective Caesarian section under spinal(subarachnoid) anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 60 ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologists) grade I or II patients between age 20-40 years undergoing elective Caesarean sections under Subarachnoid anaesthesia during the period January 2022 to June 2022. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups: Fentanyl group (Group F, n=30), who received Fentanyl in a single dose of 0.5mcg/kg and Fenofol group (Group FP, n=30), who received Fenofol in a single dose of Fentanyl-0.5mcg/kg+Propofol-0.5mg/kg. Spinal anaesthesia was conducted by injecting a hyperbaric solution of 0.5% bupivacaine 3ml through a 25G spinal needle at L3-4 level. All parameters were documented at 5 min intervals until arousal of the patient. The onset of sedation i.e. time from iv (intravenous) injection of Fentanyl or Fenofol to closure of eye lids (OAA/S score of 3) and the arousal time from sedation i.e. time from closing of the eye lids to OAA/S score of 5 ( patient is awake clinically) were noted. Any complication during operation was documented. The patient’s satisfaction with the sedation was assessed by the 5 point ‘Likert verbal rating scale.’ Results: There was no significant difference of mean blood pressure and mean heart rate between the two groups in different time intervals (P>0.05). Time of onset of sedation and the arousal time i.e. duration of sedation was comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). Significant percentage of patients required O2 supplementation in Fenofol group due to hypoventilation (66.66% vs 10%, P<0.001). Pain in arm during drug administration was significantly more with Fenofol (46.66% vs 6.66%, P<0.001). Conclusion: As a significantly higher percentage of patients required O2 supplementation during sedation with Fenofol and pain in arm during drug administration was significantly more in Fenofol group, it is recommended that Fentanyl is a better choice than Fenofol for sedation in single dose technique during subarachnoid block for Caesarean section.\u0000KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 234-239","PeriodicalId":17948,"journal":{"name":"KYAMC Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74732654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.65031
Md Maqsudur Rasul, Emran Hossain, Miskat Joha, Dewan Mohaimenul Haque
Background: Common biomarkers used to determine the disease severity and prognosis of corona virus disease -19 (Covid-19) are well determined. Among these biomarkers only few can reliably predict disease outcome but they are not easily available and costly. So organ-specific functional status especially acute kidney injury (AKI) can be use as predictor of prognosis. Objective: To determine the kidney disease indicator as a marker in predicting the severe disease in COVID-19 patients. Material & Methods: We studied the health records for all purposively selected hospitalized Covid-19 patients for three months from 1st May to 31st July, 2020, at combined military hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh. Those who were more than 18 years old and hospitalized RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Those having history of renal replacement therapy (RRT) and unwilling to participate were excluded from the study. Kidney disease significance between survivors and deceased were examined using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. In-hospital death was ascertained by using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results: Total 470 patients were enrolled in this study. Mean age of study population was 54.7 (± 14.3) years and male to female ratio was about 2:1. Hypertension (51.91%) and diabetes mellitus (43.19%) were the most common co morbidity. During hospital stay 106 (22.55%) patients developed AKI. Total 23 (4.89%) patients were died of the total study population. Among them 19 (82.60%) had AKI. Mortality rate was significantly (P value<.001) higher among patients who developed AKI than those who did not (82.60 % vs 17.40%).Conclusion: Monitoring functional status of kidney should be given due importance to all Covid-19 patients even with mild disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of kidney injury and avoidance of nephrotoxic medications may help to reduce mortality and improve prognosis of COVID-19. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 192-197
背景:用于确定冠状病毒病-19 (Covid-19)疾病严重程度和预后的常用生物标志物已经确定。在这些生物标志物中,只有少数能可靠地预测疾病结果,但它们不易获得且价格昂贵。因此,器官特异性功能状态特别是急性肾损伤(AKI)可以作为预后的预测指标。目的:确定肾脏疾病指标作为预测COVID-19患者病情严重程度的指标。材料与方法:我们研究了2020年5月1日至7月31日在孟加拉国达卡联合军事医院住院的所有Covid-19患者的健康记录。纳入了18岁以上住院的RT-PCR阳性COVID-19患者。有肾脏替代治疗(RRT)史且不愿参与的患者被排除在研究之外。采用Cox比例风险回归分析检验幸存者和死者之间肾病的显著性。采用Kaplan-Meier法确定院内死亡。结果:共纳入470例患者。研究人群平均年龄为54.7(±14.3)岁,男女比例约为2:1。高血压(51.91%)和糖尿病(43.19%)是最常见的合并症。住院期间106例(22.55%)患者发生AKI。总研究人群中死亡23例(4.89%)。其中有AKI 19例(82.60%)。发生AKI的患者死亡率显著高于未发生AKI的患者(82.60% vs 17.40%) (P值< 0.001)。结论:所有新冠肺炎患者均应重视肾脏功能状态的监测,即使是轻症患者。早期诊断和适当治疗肾损伤以及避免肾毒性药物可能有助于降低COVID-19的死亡率和改善预后。KYAMC学报第13卷第4期,2023年1月:192-197
{"title":"Acute Kidney Injury Is A Predictor Of Mortality In Patients Hospitalized With Covid-19","authors":"Md Maqsudur Rasul, Emran Hossain, Miskat Joha, Dewan Mohaimenul Haque","doi":"10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.65031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.65031","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Common biomarkers used to determine the disease severity and prognosis of corona virus disease -19 (Covid-19) are well determined. Among these biomarkers only few can reliably predict disease outcome but they are not easily available and costly. So organ-specific functional status especially acute kidney injury (AKI) can be use as predictor of prognosis. Objective: To determine the kidney disease indicator as a marker in predicting the severe disease in COVID-19 patients. Material & Methods: We studied the health records for all purposively selected hospitalized Covid-19 patients for three months from 1st May to 31st July, 2020, at combined military hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh. Those who were more than 18 years old and hospitalized RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Those having history of renal replacement therapy (RRT) and unwilling to participate were excluded from the study. Kidney disease significance between survivors and deceased were examined using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. In-hospital death was ascertained by using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results: Total 470 patients were enrolled in this study. Mean age of study population was 54.7 (± 14.3) years and male to female ratio was about 2:1. Hypertension (51.91%) and diabetes mellitus (43.19%) were the most common co morbidity. During hospital stay 106 (22.55%) patients developed AKI. Total 23 (4.89%) patients were died of the total study population. Among them 19 (82.60%) had AKI. Mortality rate was significantly (P value<.001) higher among patients who developed AKI than those who did not (82.60 % vs 17.40%).Conclusion: Monitoring functional status of kidney should be given due importance to all Covid-19 patients even with mild disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of kidney injury and avoidance of nephrotoxic medications may help to reduce mortality and improve prognosis of COVID-19. \u0000KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 192-197","PeriodicalId":17948,"journal":{"name":"KYAMC Journal","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74854407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.63191
Shaikh Adnan Rakib, S. B. Sharif, Morsalin Rahman, F. Islam, Kazi Shaila Najnin
Background: The number of deaths related to breast cancer is increasing at an alarming pace worldwide. In Bangladesh, the incidence rate of breast cancer was about 22.5 per 100000 females. Almost everyone has a palpable lump, and 40% of them have locally advanced breast cancer. The typical treatment for patients with LABC is neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. Materials and Methods: From January 2018 to December 2022, 50 newly diagnosed locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients were enrolled in this prospective study at the Bangladesh Medical College Hospital, Dhaka; to assess the clinical and pathological response of the disease after chemotherapy and surgery. The size of the primary tumor and the size of the axillary nodes were measured and compared to the previous record. The patients had a surgery and axillary excision after three to six weeks of neoadjuvant treatment. The pathological response of the primary tumor and axillary node was examined using histopathology. Other biological markers were tested, including the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her-2). Results: 44 patients (88.0%) responded clinically after four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with 7 patients (14.0%) showing complete clinical response (cCR) and 41 patients (82.0%) showing partial response (pCR). In 22 individuals, surgical specimens revealed complete pathological response (cPR) (10 percent). Conclusions: The neoadjuvant chemotherapy schedule for locally advanced breast cancer has good surgical outcome. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 229-233
{"title":"Surgical Outcome after Downstaging in Locally Advanced Breast Carcinoma-A Clinical Study of 50 Cases","authors":"Shaikh Adnan Rakib, S. B. Sharif, Morsalin Rahman, F. Islam, Kazi Shaila Najnin","doi":"10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.63191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v13i4.63191","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The number of deaths related to breast cancer is increasing at an alarming pace worldwide. In Bangladesh, the incidence rate of breast cancer was about 22.5 per 100000 females. Almost everyone has a palpable lump, and 40% of them have locally advanced breast cancer. The typical treatment for patients with LABC is neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery.\u0000Materials and Methods: From January 2018 to December 2022, 50 newly diagnosed locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients were enrolled in this prospective study at the Bangladesh Medical College Hospital, Dhaka; to assess the clinical and pathological response of the disease after chemotherapy and surgery. The size of the primary tumor and the size of the axillary nodes were measured and compared to the previous record. The patients had a surgery and axillary excision after three to six weeks of neoadjuvant treatment. The pathological response of the primary tumor and axillary node was examined using histopathology. Other biological markers were tested, including the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her-2).\u0000Results: 44 patients (88.0%) responded clinically after four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with 7 patients (14.0%) showing complete clinical response (cCR) and 41 patients (82.0%) showing partial response (pCR). In 22 individuals, surgical specimens revealed complete pathological response (cPR) (10 percent).\u0000Conclusions: The neoadjuvant chemotherapy schedule for locally advanced breast cancer has good surgical outcome.\u0000KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 229-233","PeriodicalId":17948,"journal":{"name":"KYAMC Journal","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80868084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}