Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v16i2.21927
L. Lismeri, Hertantri Yulia Rahmi, Nada Afifah Gomiyati, Y. Darni, Panca Nugrahini Febriningrum, Azhar Azhar
Cassava stems were one of the largest agricultural by products in Indonesia, especially in Lampung Province. It is known that cassava stems have a fairly high lignocellulose content, especially cellulose which reaches 39.29%. The high cellulose content in cassava stems has great potential to be used as raw material for Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC). The preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose consists of four main stages, namely: pre-hydrolysis, delignification, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. The pre-hydrolysis stage was carried out by boiling a solution of CH3COOH and cassava stem powder for 60 minutes at a temperature of 105oC. Cassava stem powder was then delignified using a 25% NaOH solution heated to a temperature of 105oC for 1 hour. The bleaching stage used a 3.5% NaOCl solution at a temperature of 50oC for 60 minutes and was carried out twice. The last step is acid hydrolysis using 2.5N HCl solution for 15 minutes at a temperature of 105oC, then the electromagnetic induction treatment is varied with temperature variations of 30oC, 50oC, and 70oC for 60 minutes. The prepared nanocrystalline cellulose were tested for lignocellulose, XRD and PSA. From the test results, the best variation of nanocrystal cellulose preparation was acid hydrolysis treatment with 70oC electromagnetic induction for 60 minutes, namely an increase in the percentage of cellulose 62.93%, crystallinity 90.68%, and an average particle size of 18.04µm with some particles measuring nanometers. From the results of the research, it was concluded that electromagnetic induction increased crystallinity and decreased the size of nanocrystalline cellulose.
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Cassava Stem Wastes by Electromagnetic Induction","authors":"L. Lismeri, Hertantri Yulia Rahmi, Nada Afifah Gomiyati, Y. Darni, Panca Nugrahini Febriningrum, Azhar Azhar","doi":"10.23955/rkl.v16i2.21927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v16i2.21927","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava stems were one of the largest agricultural by products in Indonesia, especially in Lampung Province. It is known that cassava stems have a fairly high lignocellulose content, especially cellulose which reaches 39.29%. The high cellulose content in cassava stems has great potential to be used as raw material for Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC). The preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose consists of four main stages, namely: pre-hydrolysis, delignification, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. The pre-hydrolysis stage was carried out by boiling a solution of CH3COOH and cassava stem powder for 60 minutes at a temperature of 105oC. Cassava stem powder was then delignified using a 25% NaOH solution heated to a temperature of 105oC for 1 hour. The bleaching stage used a 3.5% NaOCl solution at a temperature of 50oC for 60 minutes and was carried out twice. The last step is acid hydrolysis using 2.5N HCl solution for 15 minutes at a temperature of 105oC, then the electromagnetic induction treatment is varied with temperature variations of 30oC, 50oC, and 70oC for 60 minutes. The prepared nanocrystalline cellulose were tested for lignocellulose, XRD and PSA. From the test results, the best variation of nanocrystal cellulose preparation was acid hydrolysis treatment with 70oC electromagnetic induction for 60 minutes, namely an increase in the percentage of cellulose 62.93%, crystallinity 90.68%, and an average particle size of 18.04µm with some particles measuring nanometers. From the results of the research, it was concluded that electromagnetic induction increased crystallinity and decreased the size of nanocrystalline cellulose.","PeriodicalId":17979,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45484253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v16i2.18156
P. N. Alam, C. Rosnelly, J. A. Karo karo, Akhar Ilhamdi, Raiyan Soekarno, Izzan Nur Aslam
Infrastructures in coastal area are mostly made of metal which is susceptible to corrosion due to direct contact with the seawater. The Seawater greatly affects the corrosion rate of metals because it contains chloride ions which can penetrate metal surface. The process of corrosion can be inhibited or slowed by decreasing the corrosion rate in one way, namely the addition of corrosion inhibitors derived from natural materials containing tannin compounds. This study proposed organic corrosion inhibitors which were derived from natural material extracts (coffee leaves and catappa leaves), the effect of time variations on the efficiency of organic inhibitors was investigated, and the efficiency of each inhibitor organic was compared. The corrosion rate with and without inhibitors was analysed by using the method of weight loss. The results showed that the corrosion rate can be reduced by adding the natural ingredients extract. The addition of 2% concentration coffee leaves extract resulted in the lowest corrosion rate with the addition of 0.00226 mmpy. The addition of catappa leaves extract concentration as much as 2% yield the lowest corrosion rate with the addition of 0.0012 mmpy. The highest efficiency of inhibition system was obtained by using 2% catappa leaves extract at 14 days soaking time at 69.23%, and the lowest by using 1% coffee leaves extract.
{"title":"Utilization of Natural Extracts as Corrosion Inhibitors in the Seawater Environment","authors":"P. N. Alam, C. Rosnelly, J. A. Karo karo, Akhar Ilhamdi, Raiyan Soekarno, Izzan Nur Aslam","doi":"10.23955/rkl.v16i2.18156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v16i2.18156","url":null,"abstract":"Infrastructures in coastal area are mostly made of metal which is susceptible to corrosion due to direct contact with the seawater. The Seawater greatly affects the corrosion rate of metals because it contains chloride ions which can penetrate metal surface. The process of corrosion can be inhibited or slowed by decreasing the corrosion rate in one way, namely the addition of corrosion inhibitors derived from natural materials containing tannin compounds. This study proposed organic corrosion inhibitors which were derived from natural material extracts (coffee leaves and catappa leaves), the effect of time variations on the efficiency of organic inhibitors was investigated, and the efficiency of each inhibitor organic was compared. The corrosion rate with and without inhibitors was analysed by using the method of weight loss. The results showed that the corrosion rate can be reduced by adding the natural ingredients extract. The addition of 2% concentration coffee leaves extract resulted in the lowest corrosion rate with the addition of 0.00226 mmpy. The addition of catappa leaves extract concentration as much as 2% yield the lowest corrosion rate with the addition of 0.0012 mmpy. The highest efficiency of inhibition system was obtained by using 2% catappa leaves extract at 14 days soaking time at 69.23%, and the lowest by using 1% coffee leaves extract. ","PeriodicalId":17979,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45649943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v16i2.20739
Euis Uswatun Hasanah, I. Kustiningsih, S. Slamet, M. Baig
Synthetic dyes waste from textile industries, produce of the problematic pollutants in wastewater. TiO2 based photocatalysis are materials that exhibit excellent absorption behavior for organic compounds in wastewater due it properties including nontoxicity, high photocatalysis degradation ability, and chemical stabilities. However, several challenges exist regarding TiO2 nanotubes pure applications for dyes degradation such as poor affinity, high band gap energy, and difficulty of recovery and easy to recombination so it would decrease effectiveness of the photocatalysis process. Therefore, more design and optimization testing need to be conducted on the treatment conditions in order to reach higher removal efficiencies with lower costs. The modified physical properties by adding metal dopant, nonmetal, and sensitizer significantly enhanced photocatalysis activity. These parameters, which affect photocatalysis activity on degrade dyes waste pollutants, are discussed in the current review. As a result, the photocatalysis becomes more expected, and encourages to further research development. Keywords: TiO2, nanotubes, degradation, synthetic, dyes
{"title":"Recent Development and Application of TiO2 Nanotubes Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation Synthetic Dyes – A Review","authors":"Euis Uswatun Hasanah, I. Kustiningsih, S. Slamet, M. Baig","doi":"10.23955/rkl.v16i2.20739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v16i2.20739","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic dyes waste from textile industries, produce of the problematic pollutants in wastewater. TiO2 based photocatalysis are materials that exhibit excellent absorption behavior for organic compounds in wastewater due it properties including nontoxicity, high photocatalysis degradation ability, and chemical stabilities. However, several challenges exist regarding TiO2 nanotubes pure applications for dyes degradation such as poor affinity, high band gap energy, and difficulty of recovery and easy to recombination so it would decrease effectiveness of the photocatalysis process. Therefore, more design and optimization testing need to be conducted on the treatment conditions in order to reach higher removal efficiencies with lower costs. The modified physical properties by adding metal dopant, nonmetal, and sensitizer significantly enhanced photocatalysis activity. These parameters, which affect photocatalysis activity on degrade dyes waste pollutants, are discussed in the current review. As a result, the photocatalysis becomes more expected, and encourages to further research development. Keywords: TiO2, nanotubes, degradation, synthetic, dyes","PeriodicalId":17979,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46463606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v16i2.20140
H. Utami, Veni Tri Agustin, Luthfiah Novirianti, Y. Darni, Donny Lesmana, R. Takagi
The textile industry uses synthetic dyes because they are cheaper and easier to obtain. Moreover, the color availability is guaranteed and more varied. However, these synthetic dyes have a negative impact on health and the environment. The natural dye from avocado (Persea Americana Mill) seeds can become an alternative for synthetic dyes. Polyphenol compounds, such as tannins and flavonoids, are natural color sources found in avocado seeds. The extraction of natural dyes from avocado seeds is carried out by using a non-conventional method, namely ultrasonic-assisted extraction which has great efficiency and short operating time. In this study, researchers examined the parameters that affect the yield of dye extraction from avocado seeds, namely solvent concentration and extraction time. In addition, researchers also conducted qualitative analysis on the pigment content in the yield of extraction using UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and GC-MS tests. The results indicated that the highest yield obtained from avocado seeds was 16.6742% with 90 minutes extraction time using 70% ethanol solvent. Furthermore, if the dye is applied to cellulose fibers, such as the cotton cloth, the color will change depending on the fixator added. Based on the result of the UV-Visible Spectrophotometry test, the avocado seeds contain flavonoids. Meanwhile, from the result of the GC-MS test, the compound with the largest percentage detected in avocado seeds is the 13-Tetradecynoic acid, methyl ester (C15H26O2). The compound contains a chromophore, such as a carbonyl group (C = O) which is a common feature of flavonoids.
纺织工业使用合成染料，因为它们更便宜，更容易获得。此外，颜色的可用性是有保证的，更多样化。然而，这些合成染料对健康和环境有负面影响。牛油果(Persea Americana Mill)种子中的天然染料可以成为合成染料的替代品。多酚化合物，如单宁和类黄酮，是鳄梨种子中发现的天然色素来源。采用超声波辅助提取法对牛油果种子中的天然染料进行提取，该方法效率高，操作时间短。在这项研究中，研究人员检测了影响鳄梨种子中染料提取率的参数，即溶剂浓度和提取时间。此外，还采用紫外可见分光光度法和气相色谱-质谱法对提取率中的色素含量进行了定性分析。结果表明，在70%乙醇溶剂条件下，提取时间为90 min，牛油果籽提取率最高，为16.6742%。此外，如果染料应用于纤维素纤维，如棉布，颜色将根据添加的固定剂而变化。紫外可见分光光度法测定结果表明，牛油果种子中含有黄酮类化合物。同时，从GC-MS检测结果来看，牛油果种子中检出百分比最大的化合物是13-十四环酸甲酯(C15H26O2)。该化合物含有一个发色团，如羰基(C = O)，这是类黄酮的共同特征。
{"title":"The Leaching of Natural Dyes from Avocado (Persea Americana Mill) Seeds Using the Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Method and Its Application to Cellulose Fibers","authors":"H. Utami, Veni Tri Agustin, Luthfiah Novirianti, Y. Darni, Donny Lesmana, R. Takagi","doi":"10.23955/rkl.v16i2.20140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v16i2.20140","url":null,"abstract":"The textile industry uses synthetic dyes because they are cheaper and easier to obtain. Moreover, the color availability is guaranteed and more varied. However, these synthetic dyes have a negative impact on health and the environment. The natural dye from avocado (Persea Americana Mill) seeds can become an alternative for synthetic dyes. Polyphenol compounds, such as tannins and flavonoids, are natural color sources found in avocado seeds. The extraction of natural dyes from avocado seeds is carried out by using a non-conventional method, namely ultrasonic-assisted extraction which has great efficiency and short operating time. In this study, researchers examined the parameters that affect the yield of dye extraction from avocado seeds, namely solvent concentration and extraction time. In addition, researchers also conducted qualitative analysis on the pigment content in the yield of extraction using UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and GC-MS tests. The results indicated that the highest yield obtained from avocado seeds was 16.6742% with 90 minutes extraction time using 70% ethanol solvent. Furthermore, if the dye is applied to cellulose fibers, such as the cotton cloth, the color will change depending on the fixator added. Based on the result of the UV-Visible Spectrophotometry test, the avocado seeds contain flavonoids. Meanwhile, from the result of the GC-MS test, the compound with the largest percentage detected in avocado seeds is the 13-Tetradecynoic acid, methyl ester (C15H26O2). The compound contains a chromophore, such as a carbonyl group (C = O) which is a common feature of flavonoids. ","PeriodicalId":17979,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46742880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v16i2.20061
Muhammad Hanif, Aknasasia Virginia Krisanti, Selvy Salfitri, Y. Darni, H. Utami, Edwin Azwar, Poernomo Gunawan
Corncob is abundantly available lignocellulosic biomass resources obtained from crops harvesting and found to be solid waste accumulation on a field. Less corncob is used as a solid fuel for cooking, and a more significant portion is vanished on the field by burning. Promisingly, corncob contains considerable cellulose as one value-added component potentially utilized as biomaterial or biofuel feedstock. However, the presence of lignin in natural lignocellulosic biomass results in recalcitrant structure and hinders cellulose accessibility. This study aimed to investigate microwave-assisted alkaline treatment to retain cellulose in the solid product while removing other impurities in corncob, especially hemicellulose and lignin. Sodium hydroxide was selected as a chemical with some variations in concentration. The chemical treatment was carried out under 400 W microwave power with various residence times and a 1:10 solid to liquor ratio. The cellulose content upgraded from 26.97% to 71.26% while reducing hemicellulose and lignin from 38.49% to 18.15% and 19.28% to 6.4%, respectively, on chemical treatment using 8% sodium hydroxide concentration for 20 minutes residence time. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis also confirmed the results. The treated corncob also increased its crystallinity from 30.11% to 52.91%.
{"title":"Sodium Hydroxide Treatment for Cellulose Fiber Accessibility from Corncobs under Microwave Assistive","authors":"Muhammad Hanif, Aknasasia Virginia Krisanti, Selvy Salfitri, Y. Darni, H. Utami, Edwin Azwar, Poernomo Gunawan","doi":"10.23955/rkl.v16i2.20061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v16i2.20061","url":null,"abstract":"Corncob is abundantly available lignocellulosic biomass resources obtained from crops harvesting and found to be solid waste accumulation on a field. Less corncob is used as a solid fuel for cooking, and a more significant portion is vanished on the field by burning. Promisingly, corncob contains considerable cellulose as one value-added component potentially utilized as biomaterial or biofuel feedstock. However, the presence of lignin in natural lignocellulosic biomass results in recalcitrant structure and hinders cellulose accessibility. This study aimed to investigate microwave-assisted alkaline treatment to retain cellulose in the solid product while removing other impurities in corncob, especially hemicellulose and lignin. Sodium hydroxide was selected as a chemical with some variations in concentration. The chemical treatment was carried out under 400 W microwave power with various residence times and a 1:10 solid to liquor ratio. The cellulose content upgraded from 26.97% to 71.26% while reducing hemicellulose and lignin from 38.49% to 18.15% and 19.28% to 6.4%, respectively, on chemical treatment using 8% sodium hydroxide concentration for 20 minutes residence time. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis also confirmed the results. The treated corncob also increased its crystallinity from 30.11% to 52.91%.","PeriodicalId":17979,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45096625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.23955/RKL.V16I2.21314
H. Pujiastuti, I. Kustiningsih, S. Slamet
One of the potential methods utilized for dye degradation is photocatalitic, due to its low cost, highly effective, and environmentally friendly. Effectivenes of TiO2 photocatalysts can be enhanced by adding a dye sensitizer. Dye-sensitizer material absorbs visible light to facilitate electron excitation process. Addition of dye-sensitizer on TiO2 photocatalyst promotes it to be more responsive to visible light. Natural anthocyanin dyes are often used as sensitizers of TiO2 semiconductors. Anthocyanins are, usually in the purple to the red color range, a group of natural dyes found in the flowers, leaves, and fruit of plants. The essential principles of dye sensitization to TiO2 have been explored in this review. It is feasible to reduce the band gap energy in the TiO2 photocatalyst by modifying it using a natural dye sensitized modification. Dye sensitizers on TiO2 nanotubes plate have the potential to be employed in a dye degradation photocatalytic system
{"title":"Improvement of the Efficiency of TiO2 Photocatalysts with Natural Dye Sensitizers Anthocyanin for the Degradation of Methylene Blue: Review","authors":"H. Pujiastuti, I. Kustiningsih, S. Slamet","doi":"10.23955/RKL.V16I2.21314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23955/RKL.V16I2.21314","url":null,"abstract":"One of the potential methods utilized for dye degradation is photocatalitic, due to its low cost, highly effective, and environmentally friendly. Effectivenes of TiO2 photocatalysts can be enhanced by adding a dye sensitizer. Dye-sensitizer material absorbs visible light to facilitate electron excitation process. Addition of dye-sensitizer on TiO2 photocatalyst promotes it to be more responsive to visible light. Natural anthocyanin dyes are often used as sensitizers of TiO2 semiconductors. Anthocyanins are, usually in the purple to the red color range, a group of natural dyes found in the flowers, leaves, and fruit of plants. The essential principles of dye sensitization to TiO2 have been explored in this review. It is feasible to reduce the band gap energy in the TiO2 photocatalyst by modifying it using a natural dye sensitized modification. Dye sensitizers on TiO2 nanotubes plate have the potential to be employed in a dye degradation photocatalytic system","PeriodicalId":17979,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48888430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salah satu prioritas utama sanitasi rumah sakit adalah pencegahan infeksi nosocomial yaitu infeksi yang terjadi di rumah sakit atau infeksi yang disebabkan oleh kuman yang di dapat selama bertugas di rumah sakit.Perilaku mencuci tangan pengolahan limbah yang kurang cers menyebabkan infeksi nosocomial di lingkungan rumah sakit. Penggunaan sabun merupakan salah satu alternatif antiseptic tangan dan pencegahan terhadap penularan infeksi nosocomial.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur efektivitas 3 (tiga) jenis sabun cair X, Y dan Z , dosis pemakaian 1 tetes, 2 tetes dan 3 tetes, serta pengaruh jenis sabun terhadap angka kuman tangan terhadap petugas Hygiene Sanitasi Rumah Sakit.Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan melakukan eksperimen dan analisis laboratorium terhadap 3 Jenis sabun cair untuk mengukur efektifitasnya terhadap angka kuman bagi subyek penelitian yaitu tangan petugas Hygiene Sanitasi rumah sakit.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh jenis sabun cair X, Y dan Z terhadap angka kuman petugas Hygienen Sanitasi Rumah sakit Morangan Sleman. Penggunaan sabun Z mampu menurunkan angka kuman secara maksimal yaitu 0,67, sedangkan yang paling efektif dalam menurunkan angka kuman adalah sabun cair jenis Z dengan dosis 3 tetes dengan tingkat efektivitas sebesar 85,65 %. Meskipun sabun Y dengan dosis 5 tetes mampu membunuh angka kuman sampai 0 %, termasuk jenis sabun cair yang paling maksimal dalam menurunkan angka kuman.Â
{"title":"EFEKTIVITAS JENIS SABUN CAIR X, Y DAN Z TERHADAP ANGKA KUMAN TANGAN PETUGAS HIGIENE SANITASI RSUD MORANGAN SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA","authors":"Cuti Winarti","doi":"10.37412/JRL.V21I2.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37412/JRL.V21I2.117","url":null,"abstract":"Salah satu prioritas utama sanitasi rumah sakit adalah pencegahan infeksi nosocomial yaitu infeksi yang terjadi di rumah sakit atau infeksi yang disebabkan oleh kuman yang di dapat selama bertugas di rumah sakit.Perilaku mencuci tangan pengolahan limbah yang kurang cers menyebabkan infeksi nosocomial di lingkungan rumah sakit. Penggunaan sabun merupakan salah satu alternatif antiseptic tangan dan pencegahan terhadap penularan infeksi nosocomial.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur efektivitas 3 (tiga) jenis sabun cair X, Y dan Z , dosis pemakaian 1 tetes, 2 tetes dan 3 tetes, serta pengaruh jenis sabun terhadap angka kuman tangan terhadap petugas Hygiene Sanitasi Rumah Sakit.Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan melakukan eksperimen dan analisis laboratorium terhadap 3 Jenis sabun cair untuk mengukur efektifitasnya terhadap angka kuman bagi subyek penelitian yaitu tangan petugas Hygiene Sanitasi rumah sakit.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh jenis sabun cair X, Y dan Z terhadap angka kuman petugas Hygienen Sanitasi Rumah sakit Morangan Sleman. Penggunaan sabun Z mampu menurunkan angka kuman secara maksimal yaitu 0,67, sedangkan yang paling efektif dalam menurunkan angka kuman adalah sabun cair jenis Z dengan dosis 3 tetes dengan tingkat efektivitas sebesar 85,65 %. Meskipun sabun Y dengan dosis 5 tetes mampu membunuh angka kuman sampai 0 %, termasuk jenis sabun cair yang paling maksimal dalam menurunkan angka kuman. ","PeriodicalId":17979,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan","volume":"371 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80482977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terciptanya produk ramah lingkungan menjadi tuntutan bagi pelaku usaha untuk meningkatan daya saing. Pada sektor pertanian pupuk organik merupakan produk yang banyak digunakan. Maka pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis jejak karbon pada proses distribusi raw material untuk menentukan desain produk baru pupuk organik ramah lingkungan pada tahap pengembangan produk. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah produksi pupuk organik milik kelompok Ngudi Rejeki yang berada di Bantul. Analisis data menggunakan metode PAS 2050. Dari hasil perhitungan didapatkan alternatif supplier raw material dari emisi terendah hingga tertinggi sebagai berikut: Kotoran sapi (Kandang Kelompok Kanutan, Kandang Kelompok Taruban, Kelompok Kandang Kedon). Dedak (Penggilingan Padi Siten, Penggilingan Padi Krekah, Penggilingan Padi Godegan). Sisa Sayur (yaitu Pasar Jodog, Pasar Bantul, Pasar Giwangan). Tulang Ikan (Rumah Makan SeaFood “Morotumanâ€, Warung Makan Nila Bakar Rizky, Manggut Lele Pak Barjono). Cangkang Telur (Pondok Dahar Joglo Ganjuran, Rumah Makan Padang Koe-2, Roti Satria). Batu Dolomite (Toko Tani Mulyo, Toko Pertanian AB Tani, Toko Saana Tani). EM4 (Mitra Tani Mulia, Toko Pertanian Tunas, Toko Pertanian Depot). Promi (Mitra Tani Mulia, Toko Sarana TaniToko, Mekar Jaya). Plastik PTE (Toko Jogja Plastik Bantul, Yobel Plastik, Putrama Pakaging). Karung (Toko Plastik dan Karung Beras, Karung Plastik Bekas GUWOSARI, Jogja Karung Plastik Bagor Beras).
{"title":"PEMILIHAN DESAIN PRODUK BARU PUPUK ORGANIK RAMAH LINGKUNGAN","authors":"Amallia Puspitasari, Erna Maria, Tri Winarni","doi":"10.37412/JRL.V21I2.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37412/JRL.V21I2.115","url":null,"abstract":"Terciptanya produk ramah lingkungan menjadi tuntutan bagi pelaku usaha untuk meningkatan daya saing. Pada sektor pertanian pupuk organik merupakan produk yang banyak digunakan. Maka pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis jejak karbon pada proses distribusi raw material untuk menentukan desain produk baru pupuk organik ramah lingkungan pada tahap pengembangan produk. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah produksi pupuk organik milik kelompok Ngudi Rejeki yang berada di Bantul. Analisis data menggunakan metode PAS 2050. Dari hasil perhitungan didapatkan alternatif supplier raw material dari emisi terendah hingga tertinggi sebagai berikut: Kotoran sapi (Kandang Kelompok Kanutan, Kandang Kelompok Taruban, Kelompok Kandang Kedon). Dedak (Penggilingan Padi Siten, Penggilingan Padi Krekah, Penggilingan Padi Godegan). Sisa Sayur (yaitu Pasar Jodog, Pasar Bantul, Pasar Giwangan). Tulang Ikan (Rumah Makan SeaFood “Morotumanâ€, Warung Makan Nila Bakar Rizky, Manggut Lele Pak Barjono). Cangkang Telur (Pondok Dahar Joglo Ganjuran, Rumah Makan Padang Koe-2, Roti Satria). Batu Dolomite (Toko Tani Mulyo, Toko Pertanian AB Tani, Toko Saana Tani). EM4 (Mitra Tani Mulia, Toko Pertanian Tunas, Toko Pertanian Depot). Promi (Mitra Tani Mulia, Toko Sarana TaniToko, Mekar Jaya). Plastik PTE (Toko Jogja Plastik Bantul, Yobel Plastik, Putrama Pakaging). Karung (Toko Plastik dan Karung Beras, Karung Plastik Bekas GUWOSARI, Jogja Karung Plastik Bagor Beras).","PeriodicalId":17979,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan","volume":"316 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75435852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PT. XYZ dalam pengoperasiannya tidak luput dari masalah-masalah yang dihadapi seperti adanya kecelakaan kerja, penyakit akibat kerja dan dampak negatif industri terhadap lingkungan sekitarnya, maka tingkat keselamatan kerja manusia sebagai faktor produksi sangat diperlukan agar produktivitas yang optimal dapat dicapai. Dari pelaksanaan program keselamatan kerja di PT. XYZ dikatakan telah terlaksana cukup baik. Kecelakaan yang terjadi pada tahun 2016-2019 adalah 8, 13, 9, 5 kali kecelakaan. Dengan tingkat frekuensi 39, 63.44, 24. Tingkat keparahan yang terjadi pada tahun 2016-2019 adalah 116, 130, 92, 73. Dengan nilai t selamat pada tahun 2018 di ketahui 5,84 dan pada tahun 2019 sebesar -6,15. Penerapan tindakan dari pihak perusahaan adalah langkah pertama yang dilakukan adalah pencegahan kecelakaan kerja, pencegahan kebakaran, penunjang kehandalan dalam operasi pabrik, pembinaan dan pelatihan
{"title":"ANALISIS PENERAPAN PROGRAM KESELAMATAN KERJA PADA LANTAI PRODUKSI DENGAN METODE FAULT TREE ANALYSIS (FTA) DI PT. XYZ","authors":"Alloysius Vendhi Prasmoro, Murwan Widyantoro, Warniningsih Warniningsih","doi":"10.37412/JRL.V21I2.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37412/JRL.V21I2.119","url":null,"abstract":"PT. XYZ dalam pengoperasiannya tidak luput dari masalah-masalah yang dihadapi seperti adanya kecelakaan kerja, penyakit akibat kerja dan dampak negatif industri terhadap lingkungan sekitarnya, maka tingkat keselamatan kerja manusia sebagai faktor produksi sangat diperlukan agar produktivitas yang optimal dapat dicapai. Dari pelaksanaan program keselamatan kerja di PT. XYZ dikatakan telah terlaksana cukup baik. Kecelakaan yang terjadi pada tahun 2016-2019 adalah 8, 13, 9, 5 kali kecelakaan. Dengan tingkat frekuensi 39, 63.44, 24. Tingkat keparahan yang terjadi pada tahun 2016-2019 adalah 116, 130, 92, 73. Dengan nilai t selamat pada tahun 2018 di ketahui 5,84 dan pada tahun 2019 sebesar -6,15. Penerapan tindakan dari pihak perusahaan adalah langkah pertama yang dilakukan adalah pencegahan kecelakaan kerja, pencegahan kebakaran, penunjang kehandalan dalam operasi pabrik, pembinaan dan pelatihan","PeriodicalId":17979,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77541020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kebutuhan air minum akan terus meningkat maka diperlukan sarana dan prasarana penyediaan air yang memadai. Reservoir Jan I PDAM Kota Ternate wilayah pelayanan Jati Perumnas sering terjadi permasalahan di sistem jaringan distribusi, seperti kehilangan air dan di wilayah ketinggian sering tidak dialiri air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui ketersediaan air menggunakan neraca air dan mengevaluasi jaringan distribusi menggunakan program Epanet 2.0. Dari penelitian tersebut diperoleh hasil data primer seperti jaringan distribusi, debit air, proyeksi pertumbuhan penduduk, dan data sekunder seperti data rekening ditagih dan kebutuhan air. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan proyeksi kebutuhan air di wilayah pelayanan Jati Perumnas, pada tahun 2030 memiliki kebutuhan air berjumlah 10,71 l/detik, distribusi berjumlah 6,46l/detik. Agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan air 10 tahun kedepan diperlukan penambahan kapasitas distribusi sebesar 4,25 l/detik. Hasil Evaluasi jaringan distribusi didapatkan permasalahan aliran air dalam pipa yang kurang dari kriteria desain dan tekanan melebihi kriteria desain. Maka diperlukan pemasangan tangki air dan mengganti ukuran pipa ke diameter yang lebih kecil.] Abstrak ditulis identik dengan tulisan ini, ukuran font 10, times new rowman, line spacing 1, justify.Â
{"title":"EVALUASI JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI UNTUK OPTIMALISASI PELAYANAN AIR BERSIH WILAYAH RESERVOIR JAN PDAM KOTA TERNATE","authors":"Alfajar Yahya, T. Triyono, Basuki Basuki","doi":"10.37412/JRL.V21I2.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37412/JRL.V21I2.114","url":null,"abstract":"Kebutuhan air minum akan terus meningkat maka diperlukan sarana dan prasarana penyediaan air yang memadai. Reservoir Jan I PDAM Kota Ternate wilayah pelayanan Jati Perumnas sering terjadi permasalahan di sistem jaringan distribusi, seperti kehilangan air dan di wilayah ketinggian sering tidak dialiri air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui ketersediaan air menggunakan neraca air dan mengevaluasi jaringan distribusi menggunakan program Epanet 2.0. Dari penelitian tersebut diperoleh hasil data primer seperti jaringan distribusi, debit air, proyeksi pertumbuhan penduduk, dan data sekunder seperti data rekening ditagih dan kebutuhan air. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan proyeksi kebutuhan air di wilayah pelayanan Jati Perumnas, pada tahun 2030 memiliki kebutuhan air berjumlah 10,71 l/detik, distribusi berjumlah 6,46l/detik. Agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan air 10 tahun kedepan diperlukan penambahan kapasitas distribusi sebesar 4,25 l/detik. Hasil Evaluasi jaringan distribusi didapatkan permasalahan aliran air dalam pipa yang kurang dari kriteria desain dan tekanan melebihi kriteria desain. Maka diperlukan pemasangan tangki air dan mengganti ukuran pipa ke diameter yang lebih kecil.] Abstrak ditulis identik dengan tulisan ini, ukuran font 10, times new rowman, line spacing 1, justify. ","PeriodicalId":17979,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73184400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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