Duoyi Wang, Rui Li, Yali Zhang, Jing Gao, Nan Wang, Yonggang Yan, Gang Zhang
Background: Vicia faba L. is a significant grain legume that is rich in protein and nutrients. It is widely cultivated for human consumption and animal feed in temperate regions. As a signaling molecule, fructose is involved in many metabolic and developmental processes. The objective of this study was to demonstrate whether fructose may increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in guard cells inducing stomatal closure and examine whether the exogenous application of fructose may regulate photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics. Methods: After approximately 4 weeks of sowing the treated broad bean seeds, the fully inflated leaves were used for experimental data collection including stomatal movement, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and ROS production in guard cells. Result: Fructose reduced stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal aperture of intact leaves, indicating that fructose can trigger stomatal closure in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the epidermal peels of the broad bean plant (Vicia faba L.). Meanwhile, fructose increased the photochemical efficiency, photosynthetic rate (Pn) and water use efficiency (WUE). Fructose-induced stomatal closure was associated with nitric oxide (NO), calcium ion (Ca2+), aquaporin and ROS.
{"title":"Fructose Regulation of Stomatal Movement and its Effects on the Photosynthetic System in Vicia faba L.","authors":"Duoyi Wang, Rui Li, Yali Zhang, Jing Gao, Nan Wang, Yonggang Yan, Gang Zhang","doi":"10.18805/lrf-779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-779","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vicia faba L. is a significant grain legume that is rich in protein and nutrients. It is widely cultivated for human consumption and animal feed in temperate regions. As a signaling molecule, fructose is involved in many metabolic and developmental processes. The objective of this study was to demonstrate whether fructose may increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in guard cells inducing stomatal closure and examine whether the exogenous application of fructose may regulate photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics. Methods: After approximately 4 weeks of sowing the treated broad bean seeds, the fully inflated leaves were used for experimental data collection including stomatal movement, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and ROS production in guard cells. Result: Fructose reduced stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal aperture of intact leaves, indicating that fructose can trigger stomatal closure in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the epidermal peels of the broad bean plant (Vicia faba L.). Meanwhile, fructose increased the photochemical efficiency, photosynthetic rate (Pn) and water use efficiency (WUE). Fructose-induced stomatal closure was associated with nitric oxide (NO), calcium ion (Ca2+), aquaporin and ROS.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"59 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Sahu, B. S. Gill, A. Sirari, M. Pradhan, N. Sahu, A. Kumar, A. Rani
Background: JS335 is a leading variety of soybean in central India with high stability, but YMV susceptible. These leads to the incorporation of the YMV resistance in the elite genotypes of soybean variety JS335. Methods: 45 breeding lines obtained from a cross between two parents SL525 (YMV resistant) and JS335 (YMV susceptible) along with two parents and a check SL958 were analysed for diversity using Mahalanobis D2 and 19 polymorphic SSR markers. These lines were evaluated for yield and component traits and YMV, during 2020 at two locations viz. Ludhiana and Gurdaspur, India. Result: Diversity analysis based on Mahalanobis D2 statistics divided genotypes into five clusters. The maximum (288464.1) and minimum (15103.7) inter-cluster distance were observed between clusters 4 and 5 and clusters 2 and 5, respectively. SSR marker analysis grouped a total of 48 genotypes into three major clusters. The mean for agronomic traits of genotypes was categorised and SLJS 41-2 was found YMV resistant and exhibited a high yield (32.1 g/plant). The contribution of JS 335 towards SLJS 41-2 was found to be 62.5%. This line could further be tested at multilocation to evaluate adaptability and subjected to different yield trials for varietal release or used as a potential YMV donor.
{"title":"Morphological and SSR Marker based Selection for an Elite YMV Resistant Breeding Line from a Segregating Population of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]","authors":"D. Sahu, B. S. Gill, A. Sirari, M. Pradhan, N. Sahu, A. Kumar, A. Rani","doi":"10.18805/lr-5238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5238","url":null,"abstract":"Background: JS335 is a leading variety of soybean in central India with high stability, but YMV susceptible. These leads to the incorporation of the YMV resistance in the elite genotypes of soybean variety JS335. Methods: 45 breeding lines obtained from a cross between two parents SL525 (YMV resistant) and JS335 (YMV susceptible) along with two parents and a check SL958 were analysed for diversity using Mahalanobis D2 and 19 polymorphic SSR markers. These lines were evaluated for yield and component traits and YMV, during 2020 at two locations viz. Ludhiana and Gurdaspur, India. Result: Diversity analysis based on Mahalanobis D2 statistics divided genotypes into five clusters. The maximum (288464.1) and minimum (15103.7) inter-cluster distance were observed between clusters 4 and 5 and clusters 2 and 5, respectively. SSR marker analysis grouped a total of 48 genotypes into three major clusters. The mean for agronomic traits of genotypes was categorised and SLJS 41-2 was found YMV resistant and exhibited a high yield (32.1 g/plant). The contribution of JS 335 towards SLJS 41-2 was found to be 62.5%. This line could further be tested at multilocation to evaluate adaptability and subjected to different yield trials for varietal release or used as a potential YMV donor.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"47 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139602302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pod splitting is the main cause of the low seed yield of legume forage grasses. In the present study, the flowering pattern, seed maturity characteristics and the optimum seed harvesting time of Trifolium lupinaster L. were investigated to improve seed yield and quality. Methods: All the required observations for this study were completed in the new line nursery from July to October 2022. Flowering habits of populations, individual plants, inflorescences and florets were observed for two consecutive months from July 1 to September 1 and daily temperatures and humidity were recorded.Observations on the state of seed and pod development were made by sampling and measuring in three batches every three days from July 25 to August 23 starting from the 12th day after the first flower and continuing until the first day of the season. Starting from July 15, seed yield and constitutive factors were measured every 10 d until September 5th. Result: The results showed that the flowering period of T. lupinaster L. population lasted for 60 days and the peak opening period was on the 11th-20th day after heading began, the florets opened most vigorously at 11:00-13:00 every day and inflorescences were opened more vigorously at 15:00 every day. The opening pattern of florets and inflorescences was greatly affected by temperature and humidity. The fresh weight of pod skin and seeds reached the maximum on the 15th day after flowering; the length and width of pods and seeds reached the maximum on the 18th day; the water content of pod skin and seeds began to decrease sharply on the 21st day, while the pods began to crack and the surface of the seeds dried and hardened; the water content of seeds decreased to below the safe storage moisture at 27 days. Our resuts showed that mid-August was the optimum seed harvesting period for T. lupinaster L.
{"title":"Optimum Seed Harvest Time of Trifolium lupinaster L. in Relation to Flowering, Pods and Seed Characteristics","authors":"Xin Peng, Feifei Wu, Nana Fu, Fengling Shi, Yutong Zhang","doi":"10.18805/lrf-785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-785","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pod splitting is the main cause of the low seed yield of legume forage grasses. In the present study, the flowering pattern, seed maturity characteristics and the optimum seed harvesting time of Trifolium lupinaster L. were investigated to improve seed yield and quality. Methods: All the required observations for this study were completed in the new line nursery from July to October 2022. Flowering habits of populations, individual plants, inflorescences and florets were observed for two consecutive months from July 1 to September 1 and daily temperatures and humidity were recorded.Observations on the state of seed and pod development were made by sampling and measuring in three batches every three days from July 25 to August 23 starting from the 12th day after the first flower and continuing until the first day of the season. Starting from July 15, seed yield and constitutive factors were measured every 10 d until September 5th. Result: The results showed that the flowering period of T. lupinaster L. population lasted for 60 days and the peak opening period was on the 11th-20th day after heading began, the florets opened most vigorously at 11:00-13:00 every day and inflorescences were opened more vigorously at 15:00 every day. The opening pattern of florets and inflorescences was greatly affected by temperature and humidity. The fresh weight of pod skin and seeds reached the maximum on the 15th day after flowering; the length and width of pods and seeds reached the maximum on the 18th day; the water content of pod skin and seeds began to decrease sharply on the 21st day, while the pods began to crack and the surface of the seeds dried and hardened; the water content of seeds decreased to below the safe storage moisture at 27 days. Our resuts showed that mid-August was the optimum seed harvesting period for T. lupinaster L.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"47 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139606637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Vaishnavi, J. S. Sulthana, K. Anandhi, R. Sivakumar, Balaji Kannan, N. A. Saravanan, Rajaprakasam Sudhagar
Background: Photosensitivity in horsegram restricts horizontal expansion in its cultivable area. Using induced mutagenesis, photo-insensitive mutants of a popular variety PAIYUR 2 were evolved. Methods: The mutants were experimented with across seasons and locations. All the experiments were conducted in the randomized block design with five replications. The AMMI and GGE biplot models were employed to tag the best-yielding and stable genotype(s). Result: The ANOVA indicated significant effects of genotypes (G), environments (E) and their combined genotype × environment interaction (G × E) for all the experimental traits implying a large range of variation. The interaction effect in AMMI has been partitioned into several principal components. Of the six Principal Components (PC), the first PC explained the major variation. It is 60.20% for the number of clusters per plant, 99.60% for days to fifty percent flowering, 92.57% for the number of pods per cluster, 96.63% for the number of pods per plant, 99.66% for days to maturity and 96.34% for yield per hectare. AMMI and GGE biplot analyses helped to identify the best performing and stable photo-insensitive mutants TNAU-HG-DM-001 and TNAU-HG-DM-004 for further exploitation.
{"title":"Deciphering G × E Interaction of Photo-insensitive Horsegram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.] Mutants using AMMI and GGE Biplot Models","authors":"V. Vaishnavi, J. S. Sulthana, K. Anandhi, R. Sivakumar, Balaji Kannan, N. A. Saravanan, Rajaprakasam Sudhagar","doi":"10.18805/lr-5211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5211","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Photosensitivity in horsegram restricts horizontal expansion in its cultivable area. Using induced mutagenesis, photo-insensitive mutants of a popular variety PAIYUR 2 were evolved. Methods: The mutants were experimented with across seasons and locations. All the experiments were conducted in the randomized block design with five replications. The AMMI and GGE biplot models were employed to tag the best-yielding and stable genotype(s). Result: The ANOVA indicated significant effects of genotypes (G), environments (E) and their combined genotype × environment interaction (G × E) for all the experimental traits implying a large range of variation. The interaction effect in AMMI has been partitioned into several principal components. Of the six Principal Components (PC), the first PC explained the major variation. It is 60.20% for the number of clusters per plant, 99.60% for days to fifty percent flowering, 92.57% for the number of pods per cluster, 96.63% for the number of pods per plant, 99.66% for days to maturity and 96.34% for yield per hectare. AMMI and GGE biplot analyses helped to identify the best performing and stable photo-insensitive mutants TNAU-HG-DM-001 and TNAU-HG-DM-004 for further exploitation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"101 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Dhaka, R. D. Jat, Bhagat Singh, Prakriti Dhaka, Satish Kumar, Sandeep Kumar
Background: Chickpea is the third-most important food legume in the world. Chickpea is less remunerative than raya, linseed and fenugreek. Hence there is a gradual shift in cropping patterns from sole chickpea to its intercropping with raya, linseed and fenugreek. Intercropping offers potential advantages over sole cropping. Since information on the relative yield, competition, land use and economics of chickpea intercropping with raya, linseed and fenugreek is lacking, hence the present experiment was undertaken. Methods: A field experiment was performed at CCSHAU, Hisar, during two consecutive winter seasons, i.e., 2020-21 and 2021-22, following a randomized block design comprising nineteen treatments, replicating thrice. The study was aimed to evaluate the chickpea-based intercropping in row replacement system with fenugreek, linseed and raya as an intercrop with row ratio of 4:4, 5:3, 6:2, 3:5 and 2:6 for chickpea + intercrop along with their sole crop. Result: Chickpea + fenugreek (6:2) intercropping was found utmost efficient and suitable, having significantly higher LER (1.20), CEY (2396 kg/ha), LUE (119.3), ATER (1.18), A (0.53), RCC (4.18), MAI (18838), SPI (2208), IAI (34.6), net return (Rs. 96,170/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.79).
{"title":"Relative yield, competition, land use and economic performance of chickpea-based intercropping systems","authors":"A. Dhaka, R. D. Jat, Bhagat Singh, Prakriti Dhaka, Satish Kumar, Sandeep Kumar","doi":"10.18805/lr-5141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5141","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chickpea is the third-most important food legume in the world. Chickpea is less remunerative than raya, linseed and fenugreek. Hence there is a gradual shift in cropping patterns from sole chickpea to its intercropping with raya, linseed and fenugreek. Intercropping offers potential advantages over sole cropping. Since information on the relative yield, competition, land use and economics of chickpea intercropping with raya, linseed and fenugreek is lacking, hence the present experiment was undertaken. Methods: A field experiment was performed at CCSHAU, Hisar, during two consecutive winter seasons, i.e., 2020-21 and 2021-22, following a randomized block design comprising nineteen treatments, replicating thrice. The study was aimed to evaluate the chickpea-based intercropping in row replacement system with fenugreek, linseed and raya as an intercrop with row ratio of 4:4, 5:3, 6:2, 3:5 and 2:6 for chickpea + intercrop along with their sole crop. Result: Chickpea + fenugreek (6:2) intercropping was found utmost efficient and suitable, having significantly higher LER (1.20), CEY (2396 kg/ha), LUE (119.3), ATER (1.18), A (0.53), RCC (4.18), MAI (18838), SPI (2208), IAI (34.6), net return (Rs. 96,170/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.79).\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"18 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139608161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kangsopa, A. Singsopa, N. Thawong, J. Pidtatanao
Background: Encrusted seeds receive a thinner coating than encrusted seeds and the coating process is halted before full roundness is achieved. This is beneficial for soybean seeds and enhances water-use efficiency during germination. Additionally, adding essential nutrients to seeds promotes germination and growth, enabling soybean plants to grow faster and to have a higher yield. Methods: Soybean seeds were encrusted with 3.45 g/kg NH4NO3, 4.60 g/kg NaH2PO4.H2O and 1.87 g/kg KCl, using vermiculite as the encrusting material and 0.4% w/w aqueous-carboxymethyl cellulose as the binder. The encrusting process was carried out in a rotary drum (Model SKK12) spinning at 40 rpm and the seeds were evaluated for seed quality parameters. Result: Encrusting seeds with all three types of plant nutrients had a positive impact on enhancing seed quality compared to non-encrusted seeds. In particular, encrusting seeds with 50 g/kg vermiculite and 1.87 g/kg KCl did not hinder the germination process. Moreover, it enhanced both the germination rate and speed of germination. Additionally, it promoted plant growth, including fresh and dry root weight, fresh shoot weight, fresh and dry plant weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant and pod weight per plant. Therefore, encrusting seeds with 50 g/kg vermiculite and 1.87 g/kg KCl is recommended to enhance the quality of Chiang Mai 60 soybean seeds.
{"title":"Seed Encrusting with Plant Nutrients Enhances Germination, Plant Growth and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max)","authors":"J. Kangsopa, A. Singsopa, N. Thawong, J. Pidtatanao","doi":"10.18805/lrf-772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-772","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Encrusted seeds receive a thinner coating than encrusted seeds and the coating process is halted before full roundness is achieved. This is beneficial for soybean seeds and enhances water-use efficiency during germination. Additionally, adding essential nutrients to seeds promotes germination and growth, enabling soybean plants to grow faster and to have a higher yield. Methods: Soybean seeds were encrusted with 3.45 g/kg NH4NO3, 4.60 g/kg NaH2PO4.H2O and 1.87 g/kg KCl, using vermiculite as the encrusting material and 0.4% w/w aqueous-carboxymethyl cellulose as the binder. The encrusting process was carried out in a rotary drum (Model SKK12) spinning at 40 rpm and the seeds were evaluated for seed quality parameters. Result: Encrusting seeds with all three types of plant nutrients had a positive impact on enhancing seed quality compared to non-encrusted seeds. In particular, encrusting seeds with 50 g/kg vermiculite and 1.87 g/kg KCl did not hinder the germination process. Moreover, it enhanced both the germination rate and speed of germination. Additionally, it promoted plant growth, including fresh and dry root weight, fresh shoot weight, fresh and dry plant weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant and pod weight per plant. Therefore, encrusting seeds with 50 g/kg vermiculite and 1.87 g/kg KCl is recommended to enhance the quality of Chiang Mai 60 soybean seeds.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139618405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Choudhary, R. Sharma, R.K. Solanki, H. Mahla, K.S. Jadon, Mukesh Choudhary, S. H. Wani, I. Al-ashkar, M. Abdelhamid, A. E. Sabagh
Background: Moth bean is a very nutritive and hardy crop, especially for resource poor-arid agriculture. The limited use of cultivars in moth bean breeding resulted into narrow genetic base. This study aimed to diversify the conical genetic base and developimproved cultivars, through molecular (RAPD) and morpho-agronomic characterization of commercially elite moth bean cultivars. Methods: Elite moth bean cultivars (15) were evaluated for 11 morpho-agronomic traits. Eleven RAPD markers were used to amplify genomic DNA and perform molecular characterization.Clustering approach was used for grouping of the cultivars. Result: RAPD markers revealed high polymorphism in 15 elite moth bean cultivars. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied within the range of 0.45 to 0.88, with an average of 0.77. The number of alleles at different loci ranged from 4 to 16, with an average of 10 alleles per locus. When employing UPGMA-based cluster analysis, utilizing 11 morpho-agronomic traits, the cultivars were grouped into four clusters. However, when RAPD markers were used, the cultivars were grouped into five clusters. The Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and Manhattan dissimilarity coefficient fell within the ranges of 0.18 to 0.70 and 0.02 to 0.42, respectively. These values signify the degree of genetic variability within the cultivars. Furthermore, a Mantel test was conducted to examine the correlation between agronomic traits and the RAPD-based matrix. The results showed a negative correlation, but it was not statistically significant.The high PIC values and the successful amplification of multiple loci demonstrate the efficacy of RAPD markers in assessing genetic diversity in moth beans. The study revealed enormous genetic variation among cultivars and crosses can be attempted between cultivars of different groups to create better recombinants in moth bean breeding programmes.
{"title":"Genetic Relatedness in Elite Cultivars of Moth Bean using Morpho-agronomic and Molecular Markers","authors":"K. Choudhary, R. Sharma, R.K. Solanki, H. Mahla, K.S. Jadon, Mukesh Choudhary, S. H. Wani, I. Al-ashkar, M. Abdelhamid, A. E. Sabagh","doi":"10.18805/lrf-774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-774","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Moth bean is a very nutritive and hardy crop, especially for resource poor-arid agriculture. The limited use of cultivars in moth bean breeding resulted into narrow genetic base. This study aimed to diversify the conical genetic base and developimproved cultivars, through molecular (RAPD) and morpho-agronomic characterization of commercially elite moth bean cultivars. Methods: Elite moth bean cultivars (15) were evaluated for 11 morpho-agronomic traits. Eleven RAPD markers were used to amplify genomic DNA and perform molecular characterization.Clustering approach was used for grouping of the cultivars. Result: RAPD markers revealed high polymorphism in 15 elite moth bean cultivars. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied within the range of 0.45 to 0.88, with an average of 0.77. The number of alleles at different loci ranged from 4 to 16, with an average of 10 alleles per locus. When employing UPGMA-based cluster analysis, utilizing 11 morpho-agronomic traits, the cultivars were grouped into four clusters. However, when RAPD markers were used, the cultivars were grouped into five clusters. The Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and Manhattan dissimilarity coefficient fell within the ranges of 0.18 to 0.70 and 0.02 to 0.42, respectively. These values signify the degree of genetic variability within the cultivars. Furthermore, a Mantel test was conducted to examine the correlation between agronomic traits and the RAPD-based matrix. The results showed a negative correlation, but it was not statistically significant.The high PIC values and the successful amplification of multiple loci demonstrate the efficacy of RAPD markers in assessing genetic diversity in moth beans. The study revealed enormous genetic variation among cultivars and crosses can be attempted between cultivars of different groups to create better recombinants in moth bean breeding programmes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gnanasekaran, M. Gunasekaran, K. Thiyagu, S. Muthuramu, J. Ramkumar, B. Venudevan
Background: In Tamil Nadu blackgram is cultivated in 4.02 lakhs hectare with the production of 2.25 millon tonnes and productivity of 559 kg/ha. Even though it has great importance, blackgram cultivation is ignored as minimum attention is given towards its genetic improvement. There are various reasons for the low production of crop like lack of genetic variability, absence of suitable ideotype, susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses and planting in marginal areas of farming. Hence, it is important to improve the productivity of blackgram. Methods: The present investigation was carried out on 44 blackgram genotypes at field experimentation site of Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Aruppukkottai, Virudhunagar District, to study genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation and path effects of seven important yield contributing traits including yield trait. Result: Highest GCV and PCV value observed for seed yield per plant and for plant height. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean were recorded for plant height and seed yield (kg/ha) and selection of these traits was useful for further improvement in plant breeding programme. Association analysis revealed that seed yield exhibited significant and positive correlated with plant height and number of pods/plant. Yield component traits viz., plant height, number of pods/plant, 100 seed weight and single plant yield were highly correlated among themselves. It was observed that plant height and number of pod/plant had the maximum positive direct effects on seed yield. The indirect effect of plant height on grain yield was positive through days to maturity, days to fifty percent flowering and number of pods per plant. Hence selection of plants based on plant height and number of pods/plant will help the improvement of seed yield in blackgram.
{"title":"Genetic Variability, Heritability, Genetic Advance and Association Studies in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]","authors":"M. Gnanasekaran, M. Gunasekaran, K. Thiyagu, S. Muthuramu, J. Ramkumar, B. Venudevan","doi":"10.18805/lr-5203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5203","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Tamil Nadu blackgram is cultivated in 4.02 lakhs hectare with the production of 2.25 millon tonnes and productivity of 559 kg/ha. Even though it has great importance, blackgram cultivation is ignored as minimum attention is given towards its genetic improvement. There are various reasons for the low production of crop like lack of genetic variability, absence of suitable ideotype, susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses and planting in marginal areas of farming. Hence, it is important to improve the productivity of blackgram. Methods: The present investigation was carried out on 44 blackgram genotypes at field experimentation site of Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Aruppukkottai, Virudhunagar District, to study genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation and path effects of seven important yield contributing traits including yield trait. Result: Highest GCV and PCV value observed for seed yield per plant and for plant height. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean were recorded for plant height and seed yield (kg/ha) and selection of these traits was useful for further improvement in plant breeding programme. Association analysis revealed that seed yield exhibited significant and positive correlated with plant height and number of pods/plant. Yield component traits viz., plant height, number of pods/plant, 100 seed weight and single plant yield were highly correlated among themselves. It was observed that plant height and number of pod/plant had the maximum positive direct effects on seed yield. The indirect effect of plant height on grain yield was positive through days to maturity, days to fifty percent flowering and number of pods per plant. Hence selection of plants based on plant height and number of pods/plant will help the improvement of seed yield in blackgram.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Al-Menaie, O. Al-Ragam, A. AL-Shatti, Mai Ali Al-Hadidi, M.A. Babu
Background: The increasing demand for food and feed necessitates the adoption of suitable crop production practices to enhance production while ensuring sustainability and conservation of scarce natural resources under the harsh environmental conditions in arid and semiarid regions. The mixed cropping of cereals and legumes is a critical component in sustainable agricultural system with improved forage yield. In addition, forage production with improved water use efficiency is vital in arid regions with limited irrigation water resources. The study investigated the combined effect of cereal-legume (barley-alfalfa) mixed cropping and deficit irrigation on the forage growth, dry matter yield and water productivity. Methods: The experiment was conducted at the KISR Station for Research and Innovation, Kuwait. Barley was mixed cropped with alfalfa in three different seed rate combinations (1:3, 1:1, 3:1) in addition to the sole cropping of component crops under three different irrigation regimes, corresponding to full irrigation (100% ET0) and two deficit irrigation (75% and 50% ET0 of full irrigation) for two growing seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). Result: The barley-alfalfa mixed cropping under deficit irrigation enhanced water productivity and dry matter yield under arid environmental conditions. The plant height, number of tillers per meter square, number of nodes, dry matter yield and water productivity were significantly affected by irrigation application rates. The mixed cropping of barley and alfalfa in 1:1 followed by 1:3 seed rate ratio and sole cropping of alfalfa under 75% irrigation revealed better performance in terms of dry matter yield and water productivity.
{"title":"Enhanced Forage Yield and Water Productivity with Cereal-Legume Mixed Cropping and Deficit Irrigation under Arid Conditions","authors":"H. Al-Menaie, O. Al-Ragam, A. AL-Shatti, Mai Ali Al-Hadidi, M.A. Babu","doi":"10.18805/lrf-769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-769","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The increasing demand for food and feed necessitates the adoption of suitable crop production practices to enhance production while ensuring sustainability and conservation of scarce natural resources under the harsh environmental conditions in arid and semiarid regions. The mixed cropping of cereals and legumes is a critical component in sustainable agricultural system with improved forage yield. In addition, forage production with improved water use efficiency is vital in arid regions with limited irrigation water resources. The study investigated the combined effect of cereal-legume (barley-alfalfa) mixed cropping and deficit irrigation on the forage growth, dry matter yield and water productivity. Methods: The experiment was conducted at the KISR Station for Research and Innovation, Kuwait. Barley was mixed cropped with alfalfa in three different seed rate combinations (1:3, 1:1, 3:1) in addition to the sole cropping of component crops under three different irrigation regimes, corresponding to full irrigation (100% ET0) and two deficit irrigation (75% and 50% ET0 of full irrigation) for two growing seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). Result: The barley-alfalfa mixed cropping under deficit irrigation enhanced water productivity and dry matter yield under arid environmental conditions. The plant height, number of tillers per meter square, number of nodes, dry matter yield and water productivity were significantly affected by irrigation application rates. The mixed cropping of barley and alfalfa in 1:1 followed by 1:3 seed rate ratio and sole cropping of alfalfa under 75% irrigation revealed better performance in terms of dry matter yield and water productivity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139439735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jitender Kumar, Bikram Singh, D. Yadav, Ashok Yadav, P. Yadav, Sridevi Tallapragada
Background: Inclusion of legume crops in efficient cropping system is important to maintain soil bio-physical property for sustainable production systems. Conservation agriculture (CA) practices have been demonstrated to be successful in cereal based systems. But the information on zero-tillage as CA practice in legume based systems is lacking, which may further help in conservation of soil resources on sustainable basis. Hence study on impact of zero-tillage on soil biological and physico-chemical properties was undertaken at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bawal (Rewari), India during 2019-20 and 2020-21. Methods: The soil of experimental site was loamy sand in texture and low in organic carbon, N and P, while medium in K. The treatments included nine tillage combinations for crop establishment under mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (MWCS) viz., Zero-tillage mung bean (ZTM) fb zero-tillage wheat (ZTW), ZTM fb reduced tillage wheat (RTW), ZTM fb conventional tillage wheat (CTW), reduced tillage mung bean (RTM) fb ZTW, RTM fb RTW, RTM fb CTW, Conventional tillage mung bean (CTM) fb ZTW, CTM fb RTW, CTM fb CTW. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Result: After two years, there was no change in soil texture and EC of the soil due to different crop establishment methods, while the bulk density of upper soil layer (0-15 cm) decreased marginally under system-based ZT method. The Infiltration rate increased with decrease in the frequency of tillage in both the crops. Organic carbon in upper layer increased while pH decreased marginally under ZTM-ZTW as compared to CTM-CTW. Available N and P showed increasing trend with decrease in number of tillage operations after two years of MWCS. Tillage practices had no significant effect on available K. The grain yield of wheat was not influenced by tillage during 2019-20, but in 2020-21 it was significantly higher under ZT wheat sown after ZTM (5025 kg ha-1) than RTW (4622-4722 kg ha-1) and CTW (4593-4641 kg ha-1), irrespective of tillage practices in mung bean. The seed, stover and biological yields of mung bean were similar under all crop establishment methods in MWCS. This indicated sustainability of zero-tillage methods of establishment in MWCS.
{"title":"Zero-tillage in Mung Bean-Wheat Cropping System: Impact on Soil Properties and Crop Productivity","authors":"Jitender Kumar, Bikram Singh, D. Yadav, Ashok Yadav, P. Yadav, Sridevi Tallapragada","doi":"10.18805/lr-5154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5154","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Inclusion of legume crops in efficient cropping system is important to maintain soil bio-physical property for sustainable production systems. Conservation agriculture (CA) practices have been demonstrated to be successful in cereal based systems. But the information on zero-tillage as CA practice in legume based systems is lacking, which may further help in conservation of soil resources on sustainable basis. Hence study on impact of zero-tillage on soil biological and physico-chemical properties was undertaken at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bawal (Rewari), India during 2019-20 and 2020-21. Methods: The soil of experimental site was loamy sand in texture and low in organic carbon, N and P, while medium in K. The treatments included nine tillage combinations for crop establishment under mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (MWCS) viz., Zero-tillage mung bean (ZTM) fb zero-tillage wheat (ZTW), ZTM fb reduced tillage wheat (RTW), ZTM fb conventional tillage wheat (CTW), reduced tillage mung bean (RTM) fb ZTW, RTM fb RTW, RTM fb CTW, Conventional tillage mung bean (CTM) fb ZTW, CTM fb RTW, CTM fb CTW. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Result: After two years, there was no change in soil texture and EC of the soil due to different crop establishment methods, while the bulk density of upper soil layer (0-15 cm) decreased marginally under system-based ZT method. The Infiltration rate increased with decrease in the frequency of tillage in both the crops. Organic carbon in upper layer increased while pH decreased marginally under ZTM-ZTW as compared to CTM-CTW. Available N and P showed increasing trend with decrease in number of tillage operations after two years of MWCS. Tillage practices had no significant effect on available K. The grain yield of wheat was not influenced by tillage during 2019-20, but in 2020-21 it was significantly higher under ZT wheat sown after ZTM (5025 kg ha-1) than RTW (4622-4722 kg ha-1) and CTW (4593-4641 kg ha-1), irrespective of tillage practices in mung bean. The seed, stover and biological yields of mung bean were similar under all crop establishment methods in MWCS. This indicated sustainability of zero-tillage methods of establishment in MWCS.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"58 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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