Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37892/2218-1393-2022-16-1-57-74
V. Kozhemyakina
The paper investigates the language of Old French business writing of the 13th centu-ry. Old French charters are analyzed from the standpoint of functional stylistics as well as the theory of genesis of a written literary language so as to specify their linguistic peculiarities and their contribution to the standardization and unification which took place in the French lan-guage during its prenational period. Research into the language and composition of the 13th century charters has revealed that written business French of the prenational period is characterized by a formulaic style and has its own established traditions both in the composition and language. It has also been stat-ed that verb tense forms in the charters are highly standardized and to some extent contrast with the variability of their meaning and usage in Old French texts of all other genres. Fur-ther, it has been established that the charters syntactic patterns are much more diverse than those that can be found in any other writing of the period. The charters’ lexical study has shown that their vocabulary is quite extensive. This refutes the wide-spread opinion in Ro-mance philology that business texts use a restricted vocabulary. Text analysis in its turn has shown that distinctive features of business style are already present in the business texts of the Old French period. Thus, the results of the study revealed the influence of the Old French business language on standardization of written French as early as in its pre-national period.
{"title":"On the formation of the French written literary language","authors":"V. Kozhemyakina","doi":"10.37892/2218-1393-2022-16-1-57-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2218-1393-2022-16-1-57-74","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigates the language of Old French business writing of the 13th centu-ry. Old French charters are analyzed from the standpoint of functional stylistics as well as the theory of genesis of a written literary language so as to specify their linguistic peculiarities and their contribution to the standardization and unification which took place in the French lan-guage during its prenational period. Research into the language and composition of the 13th century charters has revealed that written business French of the prenational period is characterized by a formulaic style and has its own established traditions both in the composition and language. It has also been stat-ed that verb tense forms in the charters are highly standardized and to some extent contrast with the variability of their meaning and usage in Old French texts of all other genres. Fur-ther, it has been established that the charters syntactic patterns are much more diverse than those that can be found in any other writing of the period. The charters’ lexical study has shown that their vocabulary is quite extensive. This refutes the wide-spread opinion in Ro-mance philology that business texts use a restricted vocabulary. Text analysis in its turn has shown that distinctive features of business style are already present in the business texts of the Old French period. Thus, the results of the study revealed the influence of the Old French business language on standardization of written French as early as in its pre-national period.","PeriodicalId":18026,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Language Teaching","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91100878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37892/2218-1393-2022-16-1-39-56
E. Ioanesyan
The paper deals with fear activators, that is to say, the phenomena that produce fear, which is one of the basic human emotions. There may be different reasons behind fear, and it may be rational and irrational, based on the feeling of imminent danger or on the suppositions and predictions of probable events in the future. Psychology distinguishes between fear activa-tors such as quickly approaching objects, pain, solitude, death, tight spaces, darkness, and the unknown. Some of these activators have become the basis of naming fear in different lan-guages. The article employs the method of analysing semantic shifts, which reflect the chang-es in meanings of words that occur in various languages on a regular basis. Based on the wide array of languages, it concerns itself with the ‘a — fear’ semantic shifts, where ‘a’ stands for a fear activator in the worldview of a given language.
{"title":"Semantic shift of the type ‘fear activator— fear’ in a variety of languages","authors":"E. Ioanesyan","doi":"10.37892/2218-1393-2022-16-1-39-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2218-1393-2022-16-1-39-56","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with fear activators, that is to say, the phenomena that produce fear, which is one of the basic human emotions. There may be different reasons behind fear, and it may be rational and irrational, based on the feeling of imminent danger or on the suppositions and predictions of probable events in the future. Psychology distinguishes between fear activa-tors such as quickly approaching objects, pain, solitude, death, tight spaces, darkness, and the unknown. Some of these activators have become the basis of naming fear in different lan-guages. The article employs the method of analysing semantic shifts, which reflect the chang-es in meanings of words that occur in various languages on a regular basis. Based on the wide array of languages, it concerns itself with the ‘a — fear’ semantic shifts, where ‘a’ stands for a fear activator in the worldview of a given language.","PeriodicalId":18026,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Language Teaching","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78807113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37892/2218-1393-2022-17-2-91-102
I. I. Chelysheva
The article focuses on the diachronic contacts of Romance languages, primarily French, with the Dutch language. Both north-eastern regions of France and Wallonia in Belgium border on the linguistic areal of Dutch. Dynamic contacts started in the early Middle Ages, which brought a number of loanwords into French. These, penetrating mainly through spoken language, were subject to major phonetic and morphological transformations. Two languages coexisting in the same state, the Duchy of Burgundy in the 14th and 15th centuries, are of special interest. The article also deals with French linguonyms and ethnicons applied in historical context to Dutch and the native speakers of Dutch.
{"title":"Roman World and the Dutch language: languages in contact","authors":"I. I. Chelysheva","doi":"10.37892/2218-1393-2022-17-2-91-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2218-1393-2022-17-2-91-102","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the diachronic contacts of Romance languages, primarily French, with the Dutch language. Both north-eastern regions of France and Wallonia in Belgium border on the linguistic areal of Dutch. Dynamic contacts started in the early Middle Ages, which brought a number of loanwords into French. These, penetrating mainly through spoken language, were subject to major phonetic and morphological transformations. Two languages coexisting in the same state, the Duchy of Burgundy in the 14th and 15th centuries, are of special interest. The article also deals with French linguonyms and ethnicons applied in historical context to Dutch and the native speakers of Dutch.","PeriodicalId":18026,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Language Teaching","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73426624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37892/2218-1393-2022-16-1-4-19
N. Babenko
The article examines grammatical phenomena and processes that differ in the modern German language by specific properties in terms of marking some functions of the categorical order — impersonality formed by the es element, indirect speech formed by conjunctive I, as well as gender in its specific form. An attempt is made to interpret these heterogeneous phe-nomena from the standpoint of idioethnicity as demonstration of distinctive (national) fea-tures in the grammatical structure of the German language.
{"title":"On the processes of some grammatical resources specialization in modern German language","authors":"N. Babenko","doi":"10.37892/2218-1393-2022-16-1-4-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2218-1393-2022-16-1-4-19","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines grammatical phenomena and processes that differ in the modern German language by specific properties in terms of marking some functions of the categorical order — impersonality formed by the es element, indirect speech formed by conjunctive I, as well as gender in its specific form. An attempt is made to interpret these heterogeneous phe-nomena from the standpoint of idioethnicity as demonstration of distinctive (national) fea-tures in the grammatical structure of the German language.","PeriodicalId":18026,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Language Teaching","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79049698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-124-151
V. Kozhemyakina
The article presents the dynamics of the language situation in the Republic of Haiti and its characteristics at the present stage, as well as an analysis of the language policy and language legislation in the country. The paper also analyses the functioning of languages in the spheres of communication regulated by the state and in interpersonal communication such as in the family, at home, etc., is also analysed. The main attention is paid to the use of languages in the educational system, which is one of the most important spheres of commu-nication both for the transfer of knowledge and culture from generation to generation and for the formation of the language competence of the younger generation of the country. The Republic of Haiti is an example of a language situation in a former colony, where after two hundred years of independence French, the language of the colonizers, still domi-nates in the educational system at the expense of Haitian Creole, which is spoken by 90% of the population.
{"title":"Ethnolinguistic Situation and Language Policy in Haiti","authors":"V. Kozhemyakina","doi":"10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-124-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-124-151","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the dynamics of the language situation in the Republic of Haiti and its characteristics at the present stage, as well as an analysis of the language policy and language legislation in the country. The paper also analyses the functioning of languages in the spheres of communication regulated by the state and in interpersonal communication such as in the family, at home, etc., is also analysed. The main attention is paid to the use of languages in the educational system, which is one of the most important spheres of commu-nication both for the transfer of knowledge and culture from generation to generation and for the formation of the language competence of the younger generation of the country. The Republic of Haiti is an example of a language situation in a former colony, where after two hundred years of independence French, the language of the colonizers, still domi-nates in the educational system at the expense of Haitian Creole, which is spoken by 90% of the population.","PeriodicalId":18026,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Language Teaching","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87693600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-101-113
N. V. Vasilyeva
The paper analyses structures of proper names in Yevgeny Vodolazkin’s latest novel Opravdanie Ostrova (‘Apologia of the Island’, 2020). The implicative influence of the genre of fictional chronicle on nomina propria in the text is noted. The distribution of proper names types according to the functions they perform, as well as the ways how proper names are in-troduced in the text, highlight some kind of a matrix structure of the novel onomasticon.
{"title":"Onymic matrices in Yevgeny Vodolazkin’s novel Opravdanie Ostrova (‘Apologia of the Island’)","authors":"N. V. Vasilyeva","doi":"10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-101-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-101-113","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses structures of proper names in Yevgeny Vodolazkin’s latest novel Opravdanie Ostrova (‘Apologia of the Island’, 2020). The implicative influence of the genre of fictional chronicle on nomina propria in the text is noted. The distribution of proper names types according to the functions they perform, as well as the ways how proper names are in-troduced in the text, highlight some kind of a matrix structure of the novel onomasticon.","PeriodicalId":18026,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Language Teaching","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86436998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-114-123
P. Dronov
The article deals with the actual usage of the Anglo-American proverb The bad apple spoils the whole barrel (also known as The rotten apple injures its neighbor) in contemporary American English. Apart from the proverb, the article considers the separate use of its nominal part, bad/rotten apples, as a separate idiom in its own right. Emphasis is put on the semantic and pragmatic shift that occurs when the idiom is used with quantifiers (e.g. a few) and appears to juxtapose the idiom and the proverb in contemporary American political discourse, especially the one connected to the BLM movement.
本文论述了英美谚语The bad apple spoils The whole barrel(又称The rotten apple hurt its neighbor)在当代美国英语中的实际用法。除谚语外，本文还将其名义部分bad/rotten apples的单独用法视为一个独立的成语。重点放在成语与量词(例如a few)一起使用时发生的语义和语用转变上，并且在当代美国政治话语中似乎将成语和谚语并列，特别是与BLM运动有关的成语。
{"title":"A few bad apples: actual usage of a proverb and its derivative idiom in contemporary American English","authors":"P. Dronov","doi":"10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-114-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-114-123","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the actual usage of the Anglo-American proverb The bad apple spoils the whole barrel (also known as The rotten apple injures its neighbor) in contemporary American English. Apart from the proverb, the article considers the separate use of its nominal part, bad/rotten apples, as a separate idiom in its own right. Emphasis is put on the semantic and pragmatic shift that occurs when the idiom is used with quantifiers (e.g. a few) and appears to juxtapose the idiom and the proverb in contemporary American political discourse, especially the one connected to the BLM movement.","PeriodicalId":18026,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Language Teaching","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75776999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-7-50
O. Abakumova
The paper deals with revealing conceptual metaphors, ways of expressing emotions and values, implicated fixation of standards and stereotypes in semantic structure and prag-matics of proverbs both taken in isolation, and in actualized regime in the context of fiction. Universal and national specific features of proverbial concept are brought out by means of cognition-discourse model of proverb’s sense actualization (CDM) in communicative episodes based on the texts of fiction.
{"title":"Conceptual metaphors, emotions and evaluations, standards and stereotypes in Russian and English proverbs of Truth","authors":"O. Abakumova","doi":"10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-7-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-7-50","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with revealing conceptual metaphors, ways of expressing emotions and values, implicated fixation of standards and stereotypes in semantic structure and prag-matics of proverbs both taken in isolation, and in actualized regime in the context of fiction. Universal and national specific features of proverbial concept are brought out by means of cognition-discourse model of proverb’s sense actualization (CDM) in communicative episodes based on the texts of fiction.","PeriodicalId":18026,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Language Teaching","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74643402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-152-167
O. A. Gulyga
n/a
N/A。
{"title":"Book Review. E.R. Ioanesyan, N.K. Ryabtseva, M.L. Kovshova, P.S. Dronov, O.S. Orlova. Predstavlenie emotsional’noy sfery cheloveka na materiale raznykh yazykov (‘Hu-man emotions domain as exemplified in a variety of languages’). Moscow: Institute of linguistics, 2020. 244 p.","authors":"O. A. Gulyga","doi":"10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-152-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-152-167","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>n/a</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":18026,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Language Teaching","volume":"351 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75492801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-51-100
A. Barulin
The paper is concerned with the referential, lexical, pragmatic, semiotic, and literary analysis of Leo Tolstoy’s tale entitled The Leap in the context of his own life, as well as of his standpoint on Charles Darwin’s evolution theory.
{"title":"Semiotic and linguistic analysis of The Leap by Leo Tolstoy","authors":"A. Barulin","doi":"10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-51-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2218-1393-2021-15-2-51-100","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is concerned with the referential, lexical, pragmatic, semiotic, and literary analysis of Leo Tolstoy’s tale entitled The Leap in the context of his own life, as well as of his standpoint on Charles Darwin’s evolution theory.","PeriodicalId":18026,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Language Teaching","volume":"879 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85501687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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