Macromolecular Reaction Engineering最新文献

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Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Polymer Nanoparticles in a Packed Reactor Using Glass Beads 使用玻璃珠在填料反应器中以环保方式合成聚合物纳米颗粒

IF 1.5 4区工程技术 Q3 Chemistry

Macromolecular Reaction Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1002/mren.202400009

Tetsuya Yamamoto, Ayumi Morino, Hideki Kanda, Ayumu Seki, Toru Ishigami

Polymeric particles less than 100 nm in size (polymer nanoparticles), which are useful in the fields of medicine and so on, are synthesized through emulsion polymerization, wherein surfactants are essential for maintaining their dispersion stability, contaminating particle surfaces and causing high environmental pollution. The soap‐free emulsion polymerization (SFEP) of styrene in a packed reactor using microglass beads enables the synthesis of polymer nanoparticles without surfactants. Ultraviolet irradiation is used for radical polymerization using an initiator during the SFEP of styrene. The reaction space in the packed reactor is controlled by the size of glass beads to be filled in the reactor. A decrease in the size of the glass beads narrows the reaction space, causing the average polystyrene particle size to reach 27.3 nm and suppress convection flow by the wall of the glass beads, thereby limiting particle motion and preventing particle growth through particle collisions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

小于 100 纳米的聚合物微粒（聚合物纳米微粒）在医药等领域非常有用，这些微粒是通过乳液聚合法合成的，其中表面活性剂对保持微粒的分散稳定性至关重要，而且会污染微粒表面，造成严重的环境污染。使用微玻璃珠在填料反应器中对苯乙烯进行无皂乳液聚合（SFEP），可以在不使用表面活性剂的情况下合成聚合物纳米粒子。在苯乙烯的 SFEP 过程中，使用引发剂将紫外线照射到自由基聚合中。填料反应器中的反应空间由反应器中填充的玻璃微珠的尺寸控制。玻璃珠尺寸的减小会缩小反应空间，使聚苯乙烯的平均粒径达到 27.3 nm，并抑制玻璃珠壁的对流，从而限制颗粒的运动，防止颗粒因碰撞而增长。本文受版权保护。

引用次数: 0

What Can Industrial Catalytic Olefin Polymerization Plants Tell Us About Reaction Kinetics? From Production Rate and Residence Time to Catalyst Reaction Performance. 工业催化烯烃聚合装置对反应动力学有何启示？从生产率和停留时间到催化剂反应性能。

IF 1.5 4区工程技术 Q3 Chemistry

Macromolecular Reaction Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1002/mren.202470003

Vasileios Touloupidis, João B. P. Soares

Front Cover: Polymer reaction engineering (PRE) is a key competence for process scale-up, but the information collected in daily plant operation is not fully exploited. What do catalytic olefin polymerization plants tell us? In article 2300046, by Vasileios Touloupidis and João B. P. Soares, a method to increase catalyst and process know-how, based on experimentally acquired results from a continuous tandem reactor polymerization process is proposed and validated using small-scale experiments.

封面：聚合物反应工程 (PRE) 是工艺放大的关键能力，但日常工厂运行中收集的信息并未得到充分利用。催化烯烃聚合装置能告诉我们什么？在 Vasileios Touloupidis 和 João B. P. Soares 合著的文章 2300046 中，提出了一种基于连续串联反应器聚合工艺的实验结果来提高催化剂和工艺诀窍的方法，并通过小规模实验进行了验证。

引用次数: 0

Masthead: Macromol. React. Eng. 2/2024 刊头：Macromol.React.2/2024

IF 1.5 4区工程技术 Q3 Chemistry

Macromolecular Reaction Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1002/mren.202470004

引用次数: 0

Thermal Degradation Kinetic Study of Expanded Perlite‐Modified Butadiene Rubber Composites 膨胀珍珠岩改性丁二烯橡胶复合材料的热降解动力学研究

IF 1.5 4区工程技术 Q3 Chemistry

Macromolecular Reaction Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1002/mren.202400005

Nada Edres, Irada Buniyatzadeh, Solmaz Aliyeva, Sinan Mehmet Turp, Rasim Alosmanov

Mineral‐rubber composites based on phosphorylated butadiene rubber (PhBR), including pure expanded perlite (EP) and modified phosphorylated expanded perlite (PhEP) as fillers, have been developed. The process involved forming PhBR and its composites – EP/PhBR and PhEP/PhBR‐through the oxidative chlorophosphorylation (OxCh) reaction. An in‐depth comparative analysis was conducted on the thermal destruction of the PhBR matrix and the EP/PhBR, and PhEP/PhBR composites. The thermogravimetric (TG)/differential thermogravimetry (DTG) analyses revealed three stages of thermal degradation for the PhBR matrix and both composites, highlighting the notable effects of EP and PhEP in the second and third stages of the degradation process. In comparison, the PhEP/PhBR composite exhibited reduced weight loss, the highest integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) value, and a lower Tmax on the DTG curve, compared with the EP/PhBR composite and the PhBR matrix. The mechanism of the thermal destruction reaction and the kinetic parameters Ea and A were calculated using the model‐fitting Coats‐Redfern method.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

以磷化丁苯橡胶（PhBR）为基础，包括纯膨胀珍珠岩（EP）和改性磷化膨胀珍珠岩（PhEP）作为填料的矿物橡胶复合材料已经研制成功。该工艺包括通过氧化氯磷酸化（OxCh）反应形成 PhBR 及其复合材料--EP/PhBR 和 PhEP/PhBR。对 PhBR 基体、EP/PhBR 和 PhEP/PhBR 复合材料的热破坏进行了深入的比较分析。热重（TG）/差热重（DTG）分析表明，PhBR 基体和两种复合材料的热降解分为三个阶段，其中 EP 和 PhEP 在降解过程的第二和第三阶段具有显著效果。相比之下，与 EP/PhBR 复合材料和 PhBR 基体相比，PhEP/PhBR 复合材料的重量损失更少，程序分解温度积分（IPDT）值最高，DTG 曲线上的 Tmax 更低。采用模型拟合 Coats-Redfern 方法计算了热破坏反应的机理以及动力学参数 Ea 和 A。本文受版权保护。

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引用次数: 0

Highly Transparent and Flexible Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes‐Polyimide Films with Enhanced Electrical Performance as Promising Electrodes 具有增强电性能的高透明柔性多壁碳纳米管-聚酰亚胺薄膜有望成为电极

IF 1.5 4区工程技术 Q3 Chemistry

Macromolecular Reaction Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1002/mren.202400001

Yoonju Oh, Seunghyun Song, Man Li, Joonho Bae

Transparent and light films with high electrical conductivity are preferred for flexible electronic applications. In this work, a film exhibiting high transparency, electrical conductivity, and flexibility is produced using a polyimide (PI) substrate and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) through spray coating. Cost‐effective MWCNTs are used instead of other electrically conductive materials, including silver nanowire (AgNW) ink, SWCNTs, and other carbon materials. The average sheet resistance of the prepared MWCNT‐PI film is 520.2 Ω/□ (infinite for the bare PI film), which is lower than the sheet resistances of the SWCNT‐PI film reported by another group. This could be attributed to the increase in electrical conductivity of the highly transparent PI film due to the use of MWCNTs. The transparency of the MWCNT‐PI film is 71.834% at 550 nm. When MWCNTs and PI are combined, MWCNTs protrude from the surface of the PI film, creating networks and increasing electrical conductivity. Atomic force microscopy analysis revealed that MWCNT networks formed on the surface of the MWCNT‐PI film. This study suggests the possibility that MWCNTs can also be used as carbon materials for flexible and highly transparent films. Ω/□This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

具有高导电性的透明轻质薄膜是柔性电子应用的首选。在这项工作中，使用聚酰亚胺（PI）基底和多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）通过喷涂生产出了一种具有高透明度、导电性和柔韧性的薄膜。使用成本低廉的 MWCNT 取代了其他导电材料，包括银纳米线（AgNW）墨水、SWCNT 和其他碳材料。制备的 MWCNT-PI 薄膜的平均薄层电阻为 520.2 Ω/□（裸 PI 薄膜为无限大），低于另一个研究小组报告的 SWCNT-PI 薄膜的薄层电阻。这可能是因为使用了 MWCNT 后，高透明 PI 薄膜的导电率增加了。在 550 纳米波长下，MWCNT-PI 薄膜的透明度为 71.834%。当 MWCNT 与 PI 结合时，MWCNT 从 PI 薄膜表面突出，形成网络并增加了导电性。原子力显微镜分析表明，MWCNT-PI 薄膜表面形成了 MWCNT 网络。这项研究表明，MWCNT 也可用作柔性高透明薄膜的碳材料。Ω/□This article is protected by copyright.版权所有

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of Performance and Deactivation Resistance of Catalysts in the Pyrolysis of Polyethylene and Post-Consumer Polyolefin Waste 评估催化剂在热解聚乙烯和消费后聚烯烃废料中的性能和抗失活能力

IF 1.8 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Macromolecular Reaction Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1002/mren.202300061

Katiane de Jesus Mesquita, José Carlos Pinto, Henrique Poltronieri Pacheco

In the present work, the catalyst performances of USY and REY zeolites and MgO, ZnO, and Mg_xAlO_y oxides are investigated in the pyrolysis of virgin high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and of post-consumer polyolefin waste. The influence of operation parameters and catalyst deactivation resistance over four reaction cycles are evaluated. The results indicate that basic oxides do not show relevant cracking activity, so that the only identified effect for these catalysts is the production of liquid products with higher contents of paraffins when compared to thermal pyrolysis. Among the evaluated oxides, Mg_xAlO_y is the most active and resistant to deactivation. The zeolites promote cracking and secondary reactions of isomerization, cyclization, and aromatization. Particularly, USY promotes the production of higher-quality oils and shows higher deactivation resistance, when compared to REY. Additionally, a significant loss of catalyst activity is identified in reactions conducted with post-consumer polyolefin wastes. However, increase in rates of coke formation and the presence of contaminants (such as halogens and metals) are not detected in the catalysts after the reactions.

本研究调查了 USY 和 REY 沸石以及 MgO、ZnO 和 MgxAlOy 氧化物在热解原生高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）和消费后聚烯烃废料时的催化剂性能。评估了四个反应周期中操作参数和催化剂失活阻力的影响。结果表明，碱性氧化物没有显示出相关的裂解活性，因此，与热裂解相比，这些催化剂的唯一效果是生产出石蜡含量更高的液体产品。在所评估的氧化物中，MgxAlOy 的活性最高，且不易失活。沸石促进了裂解以及异构化、环化和芳香化等二次反应。与 REY 相比，USY 尤其能促进更高质量油类的生产，并表现出更强的抗失活能力。此外，在使用消费后聚烯烃废料进行反应时，发现催化剂活性明显下降。不过，反应后并未在催化剂中检测到焦炭形成率的增加和污染物（如卤素和金属）的存在。

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引用次数: 0

Dispersion Polymerization of N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in the Presence of Thiol-Terminated Poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl propionate) N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮在超临界二氧化碳中与硫醇端聚（醋酸乙烯酯-丙酸乙烯酯）的分散聚合反应

IF 1.8 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Macromolecular Reaction Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1002/mren.202300063

Shoucun Zhang, Shengyan Wang, Wenli Wu, Jinlong Wu, Jianghua Du

Liquid carbon dioxide (LCO₂) or supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO₂) can be used as an important solvent medium for preparing polymer particles through dispersion polymerization. However, based on the weak solvent characteristics of CO₂, the development of stabilizers used in dispersion polymerization has always been an important challenge. These stabilizers are progressing toward the low-cost, pollution-free, and simple synthesis routes, et al. In this research, pentaerythritol tetra (3-mercaptopropionate) (PTMP) is used to control the homopolymerization or copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc)/vinyl propionate (VPr), the homopolymers or copolymers with thiol group are synthesized by the one-pot method. These homopolymers or copolymers are used as the stabilizers to stabilize the dispersion polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) in ScCO₂. The results show that the structural unit proportion of the stabilizers, the concentration of stabilizers or 2, 2´-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN), and the time interval for dispersion polymerization have significant impacts on the conversion percentage of NVP and the molecular weight of polymers. The maximum conversion percentage of NVP can get to 95%, and the molecular weight of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)(PNVP) can reach 22.3 kPa. SEM analysis indicates that the PNVP obtained has regular spherical characteristics.

二氧化碳可作为一种重要的溶剂介质，通过分散聚合法制备聚合物颗粒。然而，基于二氧化碳的弱溶剂特性，开发用于分散聚合的稳定剂一直是一个重要的挑战。本研究使用季戊四醇四（3-巯基丙酸酯）来控制醋酸乙烯酯/丙酸乙烯酯的均聚或共聚，并通过一锅法合成了带有硫醇基团的均聚物或共聚物。这些均聚物或共聚物被用作稳定剂，以稳定 N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮（NVP）在超临界二氧化碳中的分散聚合。结果表明，稳定剂的结构单元比例、稳定剂或 AIBN 的浓度以及分散聚合的时间间隔对 NVP 的转化率和聚合物的分子量有显著影响。NVP 的最大转化率可达 95%，聚（N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮）的分子量可达 22.3 kPa。SEM 分析表明，得到的 PNVP 具有规则的球形特征。

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引用次数: 0

Mass Transfer in Emulsion Polymerization: High Solids Content Latex and Mixing Effects 乳液聚合中的传质：高固体含量胶乳和混合效应

IF 1.5 4区工程技术 Q3 Chemistry

Macromolecular Reaction Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-02-18 DOI: 10.1002/mren.202300064

Mariana Guadalupe Torres Aladro, Estela Kamile Gelinski, Nida Sheibat-Othman, Timothy F. L. McKenna

The impact of different agitator configurations used during the emulsion polymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) was studied with the goal of achieving a solids content of 55 wt % while minimizing particle coagulation and maintaining low levels of surfactant. The design and number of impellers, their spacing and the agitation speed were shown to have a strong influence on the transfer of gaseous monomer to the aqueous phase, and thus the rate of polymerization. Increasing the number of impellers on the central shaft, and decreasing the spacing of the impellers close to the latex surface had a strong influence on the ability to incorporate gaseous monomer, so the solids content and the latex level in the reactor increased. Furthermore, it was found that changes in the agitation rate during the reaction was necessary at high solids content to avoid destabilizing the particles in view of the low surfactant concentrations used.

研究了在偏氟乙烯（VDF）乳液聚合过程中使用的不同搅拌器配置的影响，目的是使固体含量达到 55 wt %，同时最大限度地减少颗粒凝结并保持较低的表面活性剂含量。研究表明，叶轮的设计和数量、间距以及搅拌速度对气态单体向水相的转移以及聚合速率有很大影响。增加中心轴上的叶轮数量，减小靠近胶乳表面的叶轮间距，对气态单体的掺入能力有很大影响，从而提高了反应器中的固体含量和胶乳含量。此外，研究还发现，在固体含量较高的情况下，有必要改变反应过程中的搅拌速率，以避免颗粒不稳定，因为所使用的表面活性剂浓度较低。

引用次数: 0

Masthead: Macromol. React. Eng. 1/2024 刊头：Macromol.React.Eng.1/2024

IF 1.5 4区工程技术 Q3 Chemistry

Macromolecular Reaction Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1002/mren.202470002

引用次数: 0

Front Cover: Macromol. React. Eng. 1/2024 封面：Macromol.React.Eng.1/2024

IF 1.5 4区工程技术 Q3 Chemistry

Macromolecular Reaction Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1002/mren.202470001

引用次数: 0

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Macromolecular Reaction Engineering

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