Detection of human activity behind barriers such as walls and debris is a topic of relevance for earthquake survivor detection. The preferred sensors are radars since they have the ability to penetrate deep through dielectric barriers. Doppler radars are used to recognize signs of life by recognizing micro-Doppler signatures of human activity, such as arm swinging, breathing, and torso bending. Such movements induce different types of Doppler spectra depending on the manner in which limbs and other body parts move, which can be analyzed by several well-known time-frequency approaches, including the recently-developed empirical mode decomposition (EMD) analysis. We have developed simple models to characterize the above activities, and analyzed the Doppler signals induced using EMD. A comparison of these simulated results with actual measured data using a millimeter-wave CW radar system shows good agreement.
{"title":"Earthquake survivor detection using life signals from radar micro-Doppler","authors":"R. Narayanan","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185288","url":null,"abstract":"Detection of human activity behind barriers such as walls and debris is a topic of relevance for earthquake survivor detection. The preferred sensors are radars since they have the ability to penetrate deep through dielectric barriers. Doppler radars are used to recognize signs of life by recognizing micro-Doppler signatures of human activity, such as arm swinging, breathing, and torso bending. Such movements induce different types of Doppler spectra depending on the manner in which limbs and other body parts move, which can be analyzed by several well-known time-frequency approaches, including the recently-developed empirical mode decomposition (EMD) analysis. We have developed simple models to characterize the above activities, and analyzed the Doppler signals induced using EMD. A comparison of these simulated results with actual measured data using a millimeter-wave CW radar system shows good agreement.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130100043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the absence of adequate state support, societies in the developing world have long relied on community support for humanitarian relief. Such community networks provide a readily available platform for delivery of humanitarian relief services. Wireless technologies can play an important role in enabling humanitarian relief applications that strengthen these community networks by facilitating the flow of information amongst the community members. Nevertheless, given the welfare nature of the activity, these applications face some strict design constraints that emerge from the larger socio-political-economic landscape. This paper presents a systematic approach to unearth the requirements that these domains may impose on the design of wireless enabled information and communication oriented humanitarian relief services, wiHRS. We describe SEAM, a systems thinking inspired conceptual framework that provides the theoretical underpinnings of the modeling apparatus used in this paper. As an example, we demonstrate the relevance of this framework to the design of wiHRS by analyzing the economics of enhanced information flow in community networks and how this analysis can be exploited to reflect on the financial viability of such services by, say, soliciting support from financial risk management instruments like insurance schemes.
{"title":"A developing world perspective on the design of wireless enabled humanitarian relief services","authors":"Anshuman B. Saxena, A. Wegmann","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185312","url":null,"abstract":"In the absence of adequate state support, societies in the developing world have long relied on community support for humanitarian relief. Such community networks provide a readily available platform for delivery of humanitarian relief services. Wireless technologies can play an important role in enabling humanitarian relief applications that strengthen these community networks by facilitating the flow of information amongst the community members. Nevertheless, given the welfare nature of the activity, these applications face some strict design constraints that emerge from the larger socio-political-economic landscape. This paper presents a systematic approach to unearth the requirements that these domains may impose on the design of wireless enabled information and communication oriented humanitarian relief services, wiHRS. We describe SEAM, a systems thinking inspired conceptual framework that provides the theoretical underpinnings of the modeling apparatus used in this paper. As an example, we demonstrate the relevance of this framework to the design of wiHRS by analyzing the economics of enhanced information flow in community networks and how this analysis can be exploited to reflect on the financial viability of such services by, say, soliciting support from financial risk management instruments like insurance schemes.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126882433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A domain specific memetic algorithm is proposed for solving the optimum time division multiple access broadcast scheduling problem in Ad-hoc networks. During disaster relief, broadcast scheduling problem in Ad-hoc network is deployed efficiently. The aim is to increase the total number of transmissions in optimized time slot with high channel utilization in a less computation time. The results were compared with other algorithms for broadcast scheduling problem.
{"title":"Broadcast scheduling problem for TDMA ad-hoc networks","authors":"D. Arivudainambi, D. Rekha","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185334","url":null,"abstract":"A domain specific memetic algorithm is proposed for solving the optimum time division multiple access broadcast scheduling problem in Ad-hoc networks. During disaster relief, broadcast scheduling problem in Ad-hoc network is deployed efficiently. The aim is to increase the total number of transmissions in optimized time slot with high channel utilization in a less computation time. The results were compared with other algorithms for broadcast scheduling problem.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126436965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the introduction in 2008 of the "Ring Road" concept, proposing a communications satellite network designed to support disadvantaged populations, there have been a number of advances in the underlying technologies, CubeSat picosatellites and Delay-Tolerant Networking. We review the original Ring Road proposal, discuss relevant recent technological progress, and offer some tentative notes on projected cost and performance.
{"title":"Toward a communications satellite network for humanitarian relief","authors":"S. Burleigh, E. Birrane","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185280","url":null,"abstract":"Since the introduction in 2008 of the \"Ring Road\" concept, proposing a communications satellite network designed to support disadvantaged populations, there have been a number of advances in the underlying technologies, CubeSat picosatellites and Delay-Tolerant Networking. We review the original Ring Road proposal, discuss relevant recent technological progress, and offer some tentative notes on projected cost and performance.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126468887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Video-Medic services ease the availability of medical expertise even to the remotest geographical location where a stranded and isolated person requires an emergency medical attention. Facilitation of such services is being frequently recommended by both Government and Private agencies. The advent and deployment of 3G and above communication standards will play a major role in realizing the objective. The spread and accessibility of wireless and mobile networks may be utilized to make availability of the advices of medical expert, physically present at a state-of-art hospital to a remote patient. Similarly, the patient data or live footage on patients' current state may as well be sent to the doctor from a distant place. One of the most challenging aspects for applications deployed over 3G networks is to ensure assured QoS for data application in conjunction to live video transmission. However, these QoS provisioning need to be application-specific and at the same time, should not affect other services running at terminal equipment or mobile terminal (ME/TE). In this paper, agent based architecture has been proposed to ensure QoS for Video-Medic services. The proposed framework ensures that application specific optimizations for Video-Medic services do not deprive other concurrently executing applications over mobile terminal..
{"title":"Optimizing mobile terminal equipment for video-medic services","authors":"R. Mishra, S. Choudhury, N. Chaki","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185316","url":null,"abstract":"Video-Medic services ease the availability of medical expertise even to the remotest geographical location where a stranded and isolated person requires an emergency medical attention. Facilitation of such services is being frequently recommended by both Government and Private agencies. The advent and deployment of 3G and above communication standards will play a major role in realizing the objective. The spread and accessibility of wireless and mobile networks may be utilized to make availability of the advices of medical expert, physically present at a state-of-art hospital to a remote patient. Similarly, the patient data or live footage on patients' current state may as well be sent to the doctor from a distant place. One of the most challenging aspects for applications deployed over 3G networks is to ensure assured QoS for data application in conjunction to live video transmission. However, these QoS provisioning need to be application-specific and at the same time, should not affect other services running at terminal equipment or mobile terminal (ME/TE). In this paper, agent based architecture has been proposed to ensure QoS for Video-Medic services. The proposed framework ensures that application specific optimizations for Video-Medic services do not deprive other concurrently executing applications over mobile terminal..","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"569 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116065172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large Scale Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks require effective tools for monitoring and managing the network. In this paper, we discuss about the design and implementation of an application framework in order to monitor and manage a wireless sensor deployment, where the motes exchange IPv6 encapsulated information packets. The application framework is based on a three tier architecture with the nesC/TinyOS based firmware using 'blip' components forming the bottom layer, a middle layer implemented in Python and top layer which is a web interface created using Adobe Flex 4. The implemented features of the application framework include - sensor data acquisition and display, network activity detection of deployed motes, over-the-air programming for software re-visioning, as well as node localization and mapping. The application framework also extends to incorporate the software defined radio based gateway deployed using GNU Radio platform and Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) which enables the testbed to bridge to other heterogeneous systems.
{"title":"Application framework for management and monitoring of heterogeneous 6LoWPAN deployment","authors":"C. Rajgopal, R. Peter","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185231","url":null,"abstract":"Large Scale Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks require effective tools for monitoring and managing the network. In this paper, we discuss about the design and implementation of an application framework in order to monitor and manage a wireless sensor deployment, where the motes exchange IPv6 encapsulated information packets. The application framework is based on a three tier architecture with the nesC/TinyOS based firmware using 'blip' components forming the bottom layer, a middle layer implemented in Python and top layer which is a web interface created using Adobe Flex 4. The implemented features of the application framework include - sensor data acquisition and display, network activity detection of deployed motes, over-the-air programming for software re-visioning, as well as node localization and mapping. The application framework also extends to incorporate the software defined radio based gateway deployed using GNU Radio platform and Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) which enables the testbed to bridge to other heterogeneous systems.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133185082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wireless mesh network (WMN) is a multihop wireless network in which the mesh nodes are spread over large area. In most of the WMN applications the mesh nodes are maintained by different operators which lack cooperation and prone to several attacks. In this paper, we present a new form of attack called FRI-Attack, in which an external attacker can drop all the data communications with a single compromised insider (mesh node). Further, we show that none of the the existing secure routing frameworks (to the best of our knowledge) can handle the malicious packet dropping due to the FRI-Attack in WMN and are vulnerable to this newly identified attack.
{"title":"FRI-attack: fraduelent routing information attack on wireless mesh network","authors":"Rakesh Matam, S. Tripathy","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185307","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless mesh network (WMN) is a multihop wireless network in which the mesh nodes are spread over large area. In most of the WMN applications the mesh nodes are maintained by different operators which lack cooperation and prone to several attacks. In this paper, we present a new form of attack called FRI-Attack, in which an external attacker can drop all the data communications with a single compromised insider (mesh node). Further, we show that none of the the existing secure routing frameworks (to the best of our knowledge) can handle the malicious packet dropping due to the FRI-Attack in WMN and are vulnerable to this newly identified attack.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133271273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the large international effort directed against malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and water-borne illnesses comes the inevitable emergence of chronic diseases as a major worldwide health threat. Management of chronic illness requires a partnership of the person with the illness and the healthcare establishment in an ecosystem of information flow. Remote biosensors in a ubiquitous computing environment provided by mobile phones allows the constant participation of the person with the illness in his or her own health care by providing communications and disease indicators simultaneously and at low cost. The addition of a geographic information system allows the aggregation of individual data into a picture of the epidemiology of the illness and its control, thus facilitating regional and national health planning at low cost without compromising individual privacy. The dissemination of such a system is a complex political and social task with great potential benefit for improving individual and societal quality of life while reducing the cost burden of chronic disease.
{"title":"Technology-enabled chronic disease management in under-resourced environments","authors":"C. Dacso, E. Knightly, Matthew M. Dacso","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185313","url":null,"abstract":"With the large international effort directed against malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and water-borne illnesses comes the inevitable emergence of chronic diseases as a major worldwide health threat. Management of chronic illness requires a partnership of the person with the illness and the healthcare establishment in an ecosystem of information flow. Remote biosensors in a ubiquitous computing environment provided by mobile phones allows the constant participation of the person with the illness in his or her own health care by providing communications and disease indicators simultaneously and at low cost. The addition of a geographic information system allows the aggregation of individual data into a picture of the epidemiology of the illness and its control, thus facilitating regional and national health planning at low cost without compromising individual privacy. The dissemination of such a system is a complex political and social task with great potential benefit for improving individual and societal quality of life while reducing the cost burden of chronic disease.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133044314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, wireless body area network (WBAN) plays an important role in remote cardiac patient monitoring, and mobile healthcare applications. Generally, the use of WBAN technology is restricted by size, power consumption, transmission capacity (bandwidth), and computational loads. In this paper, we therefore propose an automated cardiac event change detection for continuous remote patient monitoring devices. The proposed event change detection algorithm consists of two stages: i) ECG beat extraction; and ii) ECG beat similarity measure. In the first stage, the onset of each QRS complex is identified using the Gaussian derivative based QRS detector and the two heuristics rules. In the second stage, we employ the weighted wavelet distance (WWD) metric for finding the similarity between two ECG beats in wavelet domain. The WWD is the weighted normalized Euclidean wavelet distance between the wavelet subband coefficients vectors of the current and past ECG beats, where weights are equal to the relative wavelet subband energies of the corresponding subbands. The experimental results show that the weighted wavelet distance measure works substantially better than the conventional PRD and the wavelet based weighted PRD (WWPRD) measures under noisy environments. The proposed approach has been tested and yielded an accuracy of 99.76% on MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database.
{"title":"Automated cardiac event change detection for continuous remote patient monitoring devices","authors":"Britty Baby, M. Manikandan, K. P. Soman","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185281","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, wireless body area network (WBAN) plays an important role in remote cardiac patient monitoring, and mobile healthcare applications. Generally, the use of WBAN technology is restricted by size, power consumption, transmission capacity (bandwidth), and computational loads. In this paper, we therefore propose an automated cardiac event change detection for continuous remote patient monitoring devices. The proposed event change detection algorithm consists of two stages: i) ECG beat extraction; and ii) ECG beat similarity measure. In the first stage, the onset of each QRS complex is identified using the Gaussian derivative based QRS detector and the two heuristics rules. In the second stage, we employ the weighted wavelet distance (WWD) metric for finding the similarity between two ECG beats in wavelet domain. The WWD is the weighted normalized Euclidean wavelet distance between the wavelet subband coefficients vectors of the current and past ECG beats, where weights are equal to the relative wavelet subband energies of the corresponding subbands. The experimental results show that the weighted wavelet distance measure works substantially better than the conventional PRD and the wavelet based weighted PRD (WWPRD) measures under noisy environments. The proposed approach has been tested and yielded an accuracy of 99.76% on MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133732680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The smart grid is a new technology that adds efficiency to the electrical grid system. The smart distribution grid architecture proposed in this research work solves major problems faced by the Indian electrical grid such as wastage of energy by the careless usage of consumers, poor power theft and line fault detection method, and manual billing system. The intelligent devices that are placed in different parts of the distribution electrical grid together with the intelligent controlling system make the electrical grid smart.
{"title":"Smart distribution electrical grid for India","authors":"A. R. Devidas, M. Ramesh","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185353","url":null,"abstract":"The smart grid is a new technology that adds efficiency to the electrical grid system. The smart distribution grid architecture proposed in this research work solves major problems faced by the Indian electrical grid such as wastage of energy by the careless usage of consumers, poor power theft and line fault detection method, and manual billing system. The intelligent devices that are placed in different parts of the distribution electrical grid together with the intelligent controlling system make the electrical grid smart.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132702708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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