WiMAX at 4.9GHz has been identified by the ITU as important in achieving harmonised spectrum for advanced public protection and disaster relief. The band is currently used for this purpose in the US for disaster relief. The most recent WiMAX standard (802.16e) supports broadband applications to mobile terminals and laptops. In particular, WiMAX technology is one of the most energy efficient systems among pre-4G systems and it is capable to provide a Broadband Wireless Access in metropolitan areas. In this paper, adaptive modulation technique is proposed with the aim of improving performances in Non Line-of-Sight communications, typical of urban environments. Through these techniques it is possible to switch the order of the modulation to better match the channel conditions even in the disaster situation, obtaining comforting results in terms of probability of error and throughput. The system has been modeled with a finite state structure in which every state consists in a possible scheme of transmission (i.e. a specific modulation and the switch among different states happens when multiple thresholds on channel attenuation are reached. The adaptation is realized at the physical level of the transmission for a WiMAX OFDMA structure. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) model is used with Rayleigh fading to resemble the real world scenario. The proposed technique is suitable for different kind of traffic to meet different QoS requirements. The Intent of this paper is to provide better performance by maintaining the block error rate under a limit and it achieves improved throughput even with less average bits per symbol in WiMAX system.
{"title":"A novel adaptive modulation scheme for WIMAX OFDM system to improve QoS","authors":"Mrs. M. G. Sumithra, M. Sarumathi","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185344","url":null,"abstract":"WiMAX at 4.9GHz has been identified by the ITU as important in achieving harmonised spectrum for advanced public protection and disaster relief. The band is currently used for this purpose in the US for disaster relief. The most recent WiMAX standard (802.16e) supports broadband applications to mobile terminals and laptops. In particular, WiMAX technology is one of the most energy efficient systems among pre-4G systems and it is capable to provide a Broadband Wireless Access in metropolitan areas. In this paper, adaptive modulation technique is proposed with the aim of improving performances in Non Line-of-Sight communications, typical of urban environments. Through these techniques it is possible to switch the order of the modulation to better match the channel conditions even in the disaster situation, obtaining comforting results in terms of probability of error and throughput. The system has been modeled with a finite state structure in which every state consists in a possible scheme of transmission (i.e. a specific modulation and the switch among different states happens when multiple thresholds on channel attenuation are reached. The adaptation is realized at the physical level of the transmission for a WiMAX OFDMA structure. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) model is used with Rayleigh fading to resemble the real world scenario. The proposed technique is suitable for different kind of traffic to meet different QoS requirements. The Intent of this paper is to provide better performance by maintaining the block error rate under a limit and it achieves improved throughput even with less average bits per symbol in WiMAX system.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116942409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The highly-exposed live feed of the oil spill from underwater cameras in the Gulf of Mexico, and Tsunami Warning Systems are only two of many examples showcasing the potential of underwater sensor networks in fields such as underwater surveillance, undersea exploration, video-assisted navigation and environmental monitoring. However, underwater networks require much higher data rates than currently available with acoustic technology and more flexible protocol design to accommodate heterogeneous traffic demands in terms of bandwidth, delay, and end-to-end reliability. In this talk, we outline our current research efforts to assess the potential of multiple-input-multiple- output (MIMO) transmission techniques on acoustic networking. In particular, we will illustrate the multiplexing and diversity tradeoffs of underwater MIMO links. We will consequently characterize how the fundamental MIMO tradeoff translates into a tradeoff between transmission rate and link error probability and identify how the capabilities of MIMO links impact the design of higher layer protocols. We will then present the design of a class of medium access control and crosslayer routing protocols that adapt their behavior by optimally jointly selecting the transmit power, MIMO transmission mode, code length, and routes to minimize energy consumption while complying with application requirements.
{"title":"Humanitarian relief applications of underwater acoustic sensor networks","authors":"T. Melodia","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185251","url":null,"abstract":"The highly-exposed live feed of the oil spill from underwater cameras in the Gulf of Mexico, and Tsunami Warning Systems are only two of many examples showcasing the potential of underwater sensor networks in fields such as underwater surveillance, undersea exploration, video-assisted navigation and environmental monitoring. However, underwater networks require much higher data rates than currently available with acoustic technology and more flexible protocol design to accommodate heterogeneous traffic demands in terms of bandwidth, delay, and end-to-end reliability. In this talk, we outline our current research efforts to assess the potential of multiple-input-multiple- output (MIMO) transmission techniques on acoustic networking. In particular, we will illustrate the multiplexing and diversity tradeoffs of underwater MIMO links. We will consequently characterize how the fundamental MIMO tradeoff translates into a tradeoff between transmission rate and link error probability and identify how the capabilities of MIMO links impact the design of higher layer protocols. We will then present the design of a class of medium access control and crosslayer routing protocols that adapt their behavior by optimally jointly selecting the transmit power, MIMO transmission mode, code length, and routes to minimize energy consumption while complying with application requirements.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123616662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This tutorial will review and summarise the current state of knowledge in the area of obscured target detection. The talk will address the phenomenology and characteristics of wave propagation through barriers, such as ground, walls, foliage, etc., as a function of frequency and material properties. Techniques for detecting such obscured targets using radar techniques will be discussed. Both conventional and emerging waveforms will be presented. Detection of humans trapped in earthquake debris will also be addressed. The tutorial will be subdivided into the following main sections. Part I will describe different types of radar waveforms in general use, both conventional and emerging. In Part II, we will discuss how specific waveforms are affected by the EM environment and review the limitations of current techniques. In Part III, we will review emerging waveform designs for optimal target detection in enclosed structures behind barriers. Part IV will conclude by providing directions for further research.
{"title":"Human detection and characterization through barriers","authors":"R. Narayanan","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185303","url":null,"abstract":"This tutorial will review and summarise the current state of knowledge in the area of obscured target detection. The talk will address the phenomenology and characteristics of wave propagation through barriers, such as ground, walls, foliage, etc., as a function of frequency and material properties. Techniques for detecting such obscured targets using radar techniques will be discussed. Both conventional and emerging waveforms will be presented. Detection of humans trapped in earthquake debris will also be addressed. The tutorial will be subdivided into the following main sections.\u0000 Part I will describe different types of radar waveforms in general use, both conventional and emerging.\u0000 In Part II, we will discuss how specific waveforms are affected by the EM environment and review the limitations of current techniques.\u0000 In Part III, we will review emerging waveform designs for optimal target detection in enclosed structures behind barriers.\u0000 Part IV will conclude by providing directions for further research.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122401289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging technology for a wide range of potential applications, including the environmental monitoring, medical, and target tracking systems. A WSN comprises a set of sensor nodes deployed in an area of interest. Sensor nodes are normally located in a dense and ad hoc manner, communicating each other in a multi-hop fashion in order to collect, process, and relay data. Most of WSNs are built on wireless, battery-powered sensor nodes. In such networks, it is hard to recharge or replace the energy-depleted nodes due to the desolate or harsh environment of the target area. Therefore, the efficient use of limited energy is a primary concern in designing protocols and usage strategies for WSNs. In this work an emergency scenario is considered and a WSN is used to monitoring the emergency area. To limit the power consumption, the WSN is activated only when the emergency occurs. Moreover an integrated protocol for routing and localization is developed to reduce communication, which is the most power-consuming operation in WSNs.
{"title":"A simultaneous routing and localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks in emergency scenario","authors":"S. Panzieri, F. Pascucci, L. Sciavicco","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185285","url":null,"abstract":"A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging technology for a wide range of potential applications, including the environmental monitoring, medical, and target tracking systems. A WSN comprises a set of sensor nodes deployed in an area of interest. Sensor nodes are normally located in a dense and ad hoc manner, communicating each other in a multi-hop fashion in order to collect, process, and relay data. Most of WSNs are built on wireless, battery-powered sensor nodes. In such networks, it is hard to recharge or replace the energy-depleted nodes due to the desolate or harsh environment of the target area. Therefore, the efficient use of limited energy is a primary concern in designing protocols and usage strategies for WSNs. In this work an emergency scenario is considered and a WSN is used to monitoring the emergency area. To limit the power consumption, the WSN is activated only when the emergency occurs. Moreover an integrated protocol for routing and localization is developed to reduce communication, which is the most power-consuming operation in WSNs.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114062643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent advances in embedded systems and mobile technologies are paving the way for the next revolution in computing, Ubiquitous Computing, the future towards which all the current technological developments are heading. Ubiquitous computing has potential applications in several sectors such as healthcare, business processes, disaster mitigation and management, farm land irrigation, and empowering the common man to improve the quality of life. Wireless communication modules and sensors are major building blocks of ubiquitous computing paradigm. As the field of communication networks continues to evolve, a very interesting and challenging area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is rapidly coming of age. Wireless sensor networks are attractive means to monitor environmental conditions and to bridge the gap between the physical and the digital world. Wireless Sensor Networks are highly distributed networks of small, lightweight wireless nodes deployed in large numbers in-situ to monitor the environment or a system. The nodes cooperate and collaborate on their data, which leads to accurate sensing of events in the environment.
{"title":"Wireless sensor node variants and their application domains","authors":"R. Rao, Haribabu, D. Selvakumar","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185350","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in embedded systems and mobile technologies are paving the way for the next revolution in computing, Ubiquitous Computing, the future towards which all the current technological developments are heading. Ubiquitous computing has potential applications in several sectors such as healthcare, business processes, disaster mitigation and management, farm land irrigation, and empowering the common man to improve the quality of life. Wireless communication modules and sensors are major building blocks of ubiquitous computing paradigm. As the field of communication networks continues to evolve, a very interesting and challenging area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is rapidly coming of age. Wireless sensor networks are attractive means to monitor environmental conditions and to bridge the gap between the physical and the digital world. Wireless Sensor Networks are highly distributed networks of small, lightweight wireless nodes deployed in large numbers in-situ to monitor the environment or a system. The nodes cooperate and collaborate on their data, which leads to accurate sensing of events in the environment.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120946349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Muthuramalingam, M. Vasanthakumar, C. M. Balaji
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) is a collection of several wireless hosts, which form a network, without any infrastructure requirements. These are temporary networks, which cease to exist when no longer needed. In MANETs any node can act as a router, to provide connectivity to other nodes, within its transmission range. Several nodes in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network get connected via Shortest Paths to ensure minimal cost of transmission. In the process of computing the shortest path, certain critical points called articulation points are formed. Articulation points are those, when removed from the network, detaches a sub tree of nodes from the parent network, thereby disrupting the network connection. Therefore, if the node at the articulation point fails, other nodes, dependant on that node, are removed from the network. We propose an efficient method to identify and avoid formation of such articulation points, during the formation of an Ad Hoc Network. Our algorithm helps in finding alternate paths for connection, and hence improves the reliability and longevity of the network.
{"title":"A new weight based self-organizing approach to clustering in mobile ad hoc networks","authors":"S. Muthuramalingam, M. Vasanthakumar, C. M. Balaji","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185340","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) is a collection of several wireless hosts, which form a network, without any infrastructure requirements. These are temporary networks, which cease to exist when no longer needed. In MANETs any node can act as a router, to provide connectivity to other nodes, within its transmission range. Several nodes in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network get connected via Shortest Paths to ensure minimal cost of transmission. In the process of computing the shortest path, certain critical points called articulation points are formed. Articulation points are those, when removed from the network, detaches a sub tree of nodes from the parent network, thereby disrupting the network connection. Therefore, if the node at the articulation point fails, other nodes, dependant on that node, are removed from the network. We propose an efficient method to identify and avoid formation of such articulation points, during the formation of an Ad Hoc Network. Our algorithm helps in finding alternate paths for connection, and hence improves the reliability and longevity of the network.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"404 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131425767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we present and investigate the performance of novel classification schemes for spectrum sensing in cooperative multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless cognitive radio (CR) networks. In this context, we consider several optimal classification schemes such as support vector classifiers (SVC), logistic regression (LR) and quadratic discrimination (QD) for primary user detection. It is demonstrated that these classification techniques have a significantly reduced complexity of implementation in practical CR applications compared to conventional likelihood based detection schemes as they do not require knowledge of the channel state information and noise power. Further, in the presence of disruptive malicious users, the proposed classifiers have a significantly lower detection error compared to conventional detection schemes. Also, we propose a novel QD classifier for blind MIMO spectrum sensing scenarios. The detection performance of the proposed classifiers is compared with existing schemes in co-operative CR scenarios. It is demonstrated through simulation of several scenarios including the presence of malicious users, Doppler shift, and carrier frequency offset that the proposed classifiers offer a robust and significantly superior alternative to existing schemes for co-operative MIMO CR spectrum sensing.
{"title":"Optimal classifier based spectrum sensing in cognitive radio wireless systems","authors":"Siddharth Sharma, A. Jagannatham","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185265","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present and investigate the performance of novel classification schemes for spectrum sensing in cooperative multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless cognitive radio (CR) networks. In this context, we consider several optimal classification schemes such as support vector classifiers (SVC), logistic regression (LR) and quadratic discrimination (QD) for primary user detection. It is demonstrated that these classification techniques have a significantly reduced complexity of implementation in practical CR applications compared to conventional likelihood based detection schemes as they do not require knowledge of the channel state information and noise power. Further, in the presence of disruptive malicious users, the proposed classifiers have a significantly lower detection error compared to conventional detection schemes. Also, we propose a novel QD classifier for blind MIMO spectrum sensing scenarios. The detection performance of the proposed classifiers is compared with existing schemes in co-operative CR scenarios. It is demonstrated through simulation of several scenarios including the presence of malicious users, Doppler shift, and carrier frequency offset that the proposed classifiers offer a robust and significantly superior alternative to existing schemes for co-operative MIMO CR spectrum sensing.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131865631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ad hoc networks are wireless, infrastructureless, multi-hop and dynamic networks, established by a collection of mobile nodes which provide envisioned applications and features to the modern communication technologies and services. Multicast is a type of routing scheme, which transmit datagram's to a set of desirable destinations identified by a single address which can efficiently support a variety of applications and services. Most of existing multicast routing protocols in MANETs consider only one source in a multicast group and become extended to multi-source multicasting. In this paper, we proposed a cluster-based multicast routing protocol with the use of genetic algorithm to provide efficient multicasting for ad hoc networks in multicast environment. The simulation composed with 200 mobile nodes with both single active multicast cluster and multiple active multicast clusters. This proposed cluster-based routing preserve forwarding efficiency as well as robustness due to this cluster structure and maintenance. Moreover, to prove the proposed approach performance which has compared with ODMRP routing protocol for delivery ratio, control overhead and forwarding efficiency in the different multicast effects such as increasing number of sources and receivers in the network.
{"title":"A cluster based multi-source multicast routing protocol using genetic algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks","authors":"R. Selvam, Palanisamy Velliyan","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185321","url":null,"abstract":"Ad hoc networks are wireless, infrastructureless, multi-hop and dynamic networks, established by a collection of mobile nodes which provide envisioned applications and features to the modern communication technologies and services. Multicast is a type of routing scheme, which transmit datagram's to a set of desirable destinations identified by a single address which can efficiently support a variety of applications and services. Most of existing multicast routing protocols in MANETs consider only one source in a multicast group and become extended to multi-source multicasting. In this paper, we proposed a cluster-based multicast routing protocol with the use of genetic algorithm to provide efficient multicasting for ad hoc networks in multicast environment. The simulation composed with 200 mobile nodes with both single active multicast cluster and multiple active multicast clusters. This proposed cluster-based routing preserve forwarding efficiency as well as robustness due to this cluster structure and maintenance. Moreover, to prove the proposed approach performance which has compared with ODMRP routing protocol for delivery ratio, control overhead and forwarding efficiency in the different multicast effects such as increasing number of sources and receivers in the network.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134285341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Vasudevan, Asha S. Benny, Br. Anand Shenoy, N. Nair, K. Shabana, M. Dutta
Karshik is a small scale, service administering project. The objective of this project is to make vital statistics about crops pertaining to a certain topology, geographic location and climatic conditions available to farmers in India, so as to equip them with information for producing the better yields; The long term aim of this project is to ultimately make a region self sufficient in the crops that can be suitably grown. This eradicates the need to import or strain resources that are sparse or extensively exploited in the pursuit of growing crops that are are not suited to a certain topology. In this paper the KARSHIK system is described. After a section dedicated to the explanation of the particular need of implementation, the paper describes the system's realization in Kerala-India for the analysis of crops suiting a certain terrain. The paper concludes with an outlook on future applications of the presented system.
{"title":"KARSHIK: agricultural information monitoring and reference based on wireless networks","authors":"A. Vasudevan, Asha S. Benny, Br. Anand Shenoy, N. Nair, K. Shabana, M. Dutta","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185352","url":null,"abstract":"Karshik is a small scale, service administering project. The objective of this project is to make vital statistics about crops pertaining to a certain topology, geographic location and climatic conditions available to farmers in India, so as to equip them with information for producing the better yields; The long term aim of this project is to ultimately make a region self sufficient in the crops that can be suitably grown. This eradicates the need to import or strain resources that are sparse or extensively exploited in the pursuit of growing crops that are are not suited to a certain topology. In this paper the KARSHIK system is described. After a section dedicated to the explanation of the particular need of implementation, the paper describes the system's realization in Kerala-India for the analysis of crops suiting a certain terrain. The paper concludes with an outlook on future applications of the presented system.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114276408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a dynamically reconfigurable wireless network without any centralized administration or infrastructure. Multicasting is the transmission of datagram's to a group of nodes identified by a single destination address. Multicasting can efficiently support a variety of applications and services. Most of existing multicast routing protocols in MANETs consider only one source in a multicast group and become inefficient when the protocol is extended to multi-source multicasting. In this paper, we propose a unicast forwarded cluster-based multicast routing protocol to provide efficient multicasting in the multi-source environment also. The proposed routing method will not use broadcast method to send control packets or data packets. The source or receiver join control messages are transmitted through the cluster heads throughout the network. Thus, control overhead bytes are reduced. Simulation results shows that the proposed protocol maintains the delivery ratio with minimum normalized routing load and outperforms the exiting protocols.
{"title":"Unicast forwarded cluster based multicast protocol for ad hoc networks","authors":"J. Rangarajan, K. Baskaran","doi":"10.1145/2185216.2185339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185339","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a dynamically reconfigurable wireless network without any centralized administration or infrastructure. Multicasting is the transmission of datagram's to a group of nodes identified by a single destination address. Multicasting can efficiently support a variety of applications and services. Most of existing multicast routing protocols in MANETs consider only one source in a multicast group and become inefficient when the protocol is extended to multi-source multicasting. In this paper, we propose a unicast forwarded cluster-based multicast routing protocol to provide efficient multicasting in the multi-source environment also. The proposed routing method will not use broadcast method to send control packets or data packets. The source or receiver join control messages are transmitted through the cluster heads throughout the network. Thus, control overhead bytes are reduced. Simulation results shows that the proposed protocol maintains the delivery ratio with minimum normalized routing load and outperforms the exiting protocols.","PeriodicalId":180836,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122623771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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