Lipids最新文献

Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant progress in life sciences, with promising results in medical diagnostics, treatment, personalization, drug discovery, and repurposing. In contrast, the applications of AI in nutrition remain in its infancy, with specific applications to lipid nutrition being less frequent. This narrative review highlights AI applications in medicine and pharmaceuticals through a nutrition lens and examines emerging opportunities in lipid nutrition. Beginning at the molecular level with nutrient interactions, lipidomics, and modes and mechanisms of action (MoA), we describe potential applications of AI tools at the community level and global level for personalized nutrition, health claims, product development, and ultimately predictions for public health. We offer a summary of AI approaches, focusing on MoA of lipids and their metabolic pathways, biomarker discovery for health and disease, measuring dietary intake, and an overview of key lipid databases. AI methodologies are well-positioned to transform nutrition research and practice by assisting in data collection, processing, and analysis; monitoring nutritional status of populations; elucidating MoA; predicting bioactive compounds, nutrients, and the health effects of diets; and facilitating nutrition recommendations tailored to individuals. With this review, we encourage further research to advance innovation through the integration of AI and lipid nutrition for the benefit of public health.

Iron is a critical determinant in the development of drug tolerance in Candida albicans . Several genes essential for iron acquisition, transport, and regulation have been studied. Previous studies have shown that growth in an iron-limited medium alters the lipid compositions of C. albicans cells. In the present study, we performed a mass spectrometry-based lipid analysis of two major iron acquisition pathway proteins: an iron transporter, Ftr1 (ferrous permease), and a closely linked copper transporter, Ccc2. Deletions of FTR1 or CCC2 lead to significant changes in the lipid profile of C. albicans , especially the phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism. For example, both Δftr1 and Δccc2 mutants showed depleted sphingolipid and steryl ester contents, but not much change in their DAG and TAG contents. The phospholipid profile of Δccc2 cells was quite unique with a much elevated PG content. The overall phospholipid profile of Δftr1 was not much different from the wild type. Both Δftr1 and Δccc2 cells showed significant differences in their molecular lipid species compositions. These lipid perturbations correlated with the susceptible response towards the drugs targeting lipid biogenesis and iron acquisition in Δftr1 and Δccc2 mutants. Taken together, this study shows that iron pathway proteins such as Ftr1 and Ccc2 are closely linked to lipid metabolism and iron acquisition in C. albicans . Understanding the mechanism of this lipid-iron association should be useful in exploring the two pathways for understanding the mechanism of iron uptake and designing the combinatorial drug therapies.

Fatty acid (FA) metabolism is associated with Demodicosis, an increasingly common skin condition frequently observed in adolescents and adults, but it is not yet well defined whether the distribution or location of FAs in facial sebum differs according to the disease. In a study with a group of 50 patients diagnosed with Demodicosis and 40 control subjects, sebum samples were collected from the forehead, cheeks, and chin areas using Sebutape patches. Total FAs were analyzed using gas chromatography. The patients with Demodex were divided into two groups. Twenty-five individuals used only the placebo cosmetic base, while the other 25 applied the target product. The extraction of key active ingredients aligns with the trend of sustainable cosmetic production and upcycling. Compared to healthy women, the female patients showed higher levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) from both facial areas, while lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were observed in the chin area samples. Patients with Demodicosis exhibited more pronounced abnormalities in sebum and specific FA profiles in the chin area, consistent with the higher incidence of Demodicosis in adult women, particularly in these facial areas. The differential distribution of FAs in facial sebum and its correlation with the occurrence of Demodicosis led to the application of innovative upcycling ingredients. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the difference in the FA profile between individuals with and without Demodicosis.

This study aimed to evaluate associations between emerging lipid parameters, including the ZJU index (ZJU), the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), the Framingham steatosis index (FSI) and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and assess their clinical utility for NAFLD prevention and diabetes management. Clinical data from 6378 participants were analyzed. Stepwise-adjusted multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), subgroup analysis, and sensitivity tests examined relationships between lipid parameters and NAFLD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves compared predictive performance. Among participants, 36.11% (2303/6378) had NAFLD. After full adjustment, each 1-unit increase in ZJU, HSI, TyG, FSI, and AIP conferred NAFLD odds ratios (95% CI) of 1.22 (1.14–1.31), 1.08 (1.05–1.11), 2.19 (1.82–2.63), 1.01 (1.00–1.02), and 4.75 (2.97–7.58), respectively. When divided into quartiles, the highest quartile of these parameters exhibited 2.13-fold, 2.86-fold, 2.04-fold, 1.80-fold, and 1.68-fold NAFLD risk compared to the lowest quartile. RCS revealed significant nonlinear relationships (p _overall < 0.001, p _nonlinear < 0.05). Sensitivity analysis confirmed robustness. ROC curves identified HSI as the strongest predictor (AUC = 0.709, 95% CI: 0.696–0.721). Elevated ZJU, HSI, TyG, FSI, and AIP were significantly associated with increased NAFLD risk in the T2DM population. HSI may demonstrate superior predictive performance for NAFLD in T2DM populations compared to other conventional lipid parameters.

The study of the molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death and the role of anionic phospholipids like cardiolipin in these processes is one of the most attractive topics in modern lipidomics. The aim of this study was the quantitative assessment of the presence of phosphatidic acid in the binding strength of cytochrome C to biological membranes, its peroxidase activity, and the role of phospholipase D in increasing the concentration of phosphatidic acid. Using the Langmuir method for fluorescence quenching analysis (K _d  = 2.78 × 10⁻⁷ M) of the cytochrome C-phosphatidic acid complex was shown. The presence of phosphatidic acid (both synthetic and obtained from phosphatidylcholine using phospholipase D from mitochondrial lipids) increased the peroxidase activity of cytochrome C more than 100-fold (measured by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence method). The obtained results emphasize the possibility of participation not only of cardiolipin but also of phosphatidic acid in the development of molecular proapoptotic processes.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxic effects of cobalt chloride concentrations (2 μg/LCoCl₂ (D1), 25 μg/LCoCl₂ (D2), and 50 μg/LCoCl₂ (D3)) on the fatty acid profile and nutritional quality of Cyprinus carpio muscle. After 3 days of treatment, our results have shown an induction of lipid peroxidation affirmed by significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxide value (PV) levels for fish treated with D2 and D3 doses. We noted decreases in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in all treated groups. The docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acid levels declined in all fish exposed to CoCl₂ graded doses (p ≤ 0.001). The decrease in the conversion enzyme ratios D5D and D6D desaturases explained these changes in EPA and DHA levels. However, PUFA (n-6) and arachidonic acid (ARA) increased (p < 0.001) in all treated groups. These increases in ARA were associated with the enhancement of linoleic acid (LA) and D5D′ desaturases activity. Our treatment showed significant declines in PUFA (n-3)/PUFA (n-6) ratio and in flesh lipid quality (FLQ) and an increase in the PUFA/SFA ratio. Our experiment suggested the harmful effects of cobalt, confirmed by the alteration of fatty acid composition and deterioration of the nutritional quality of C. carpio muscle.

Elsholtzia bodinieri Vaniot, a medicinal and edible plant native to Yunnan, China, was investigated for its lipid-reducing effects in this study. The essential oil of E. bodinieri Vaniot (EBVEO) demonstrated a significant reduction in lipid droplets, intracellular triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels in HepG2 lipid-accumulating cells. EBVEO upregulated the expression of key proteins, including SIRT1, AMPK, PPARα, and CD36, promoting enhanced β-oxidation and fat breakdown. This regulatory effect on lipid metabolism was also observed in a high-fat Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) model. qPCR and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) revealed the activation of the AAK-2/NHR-49 pathway, homologs of PPARα and AMPK, leading to a substantial increase in fat oxidation and a notable reduction in fat accumulation in C. elegans . In conclusion, EBVEO exhibits promising potential in regulating cellular and C. elegans lipid metabolism through the SIRT1/AMPK and AAK-2/NHR-49 pathways, positioning it as a promising lipid metabolism enhancer.

This study examines the antioxidant activities, fatty acid composition, cytotoxicity predictions, and endocrine-disrupting potential of metabolites from orchid methanolic-flower extracts. In silico analyses, including molecular docking, NCI-RDG, FMO, ELF, LOL, and MEP mapping, were conducted to explore noncovalent interactions, electronic properties, reactivity, and charge distribution of key metabolites, providing insights into their bioactivity and mechanisms of action. Antioxidant activity, evaluated via the DPPH assay, showed an IC₅₀ value of 12.83 mg/mL for the methanolic extract, outperforming the positive control (BHT, IC₅₀ = 18.00 mg/mL). High flavonoid content, expressed as quercetin equivalents, confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds, including quercetin and gallic acid. The fatty acid (FA) profile of Anacamptis papilionacea fixed oil, analyzed by GC–MS, revealed palmitic acid, α-linolenic acid, 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid as dominant FAs, constituting 79.47% of the total oil. Molecular docking showed strong binding interactions of these FAs with the human glucocorticoid receptor. Cytotoxicity predictions indicated promising activity against melanoma and lung carcinoma cells, particularly with 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Endocrine-disrupting potential was evaluated through molecular binding with 14 nuclear receptors, showing varying affinities, particularly for estrogen, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors. These findings highlight the bioactivity and therapeutic potential of A. papilionacea metabolites, emphasizing their antioxidant, cytotoxic, and receptor-binding capabilities. Further experimental studies are warranted for clinical validation.