This study aimed to investigate the effect of fatty acid-ethanol amine (FA-EA) derivatives (L1–L10) on the mitigation of intracellular lipid accumulation and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. First, the series of FA-EA derivatives were synthesized and characterized. Then, their cytotoxic, intracellular lipid accumulation and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. The oil red O staining experiment showed that the tested compounds L4, L6, L8, L9, and L10 could reduce intracellular lipid accumulation induced by palmitic acid (PA). Moreover, ω-3/ω-6 PUFA-EA derivatives showed inhibitory effect on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. ω-3/ω-6 PUFA-EA derivatives at a concentrations of 10 μM could significantly decrease mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, inhibit NO production, and alleviate the protein expression of IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These data suggest that ω-3 PUFA-EA derivatives can be beneficial for further pharmaceutical development to treat chronic low-grade inflammation diseases such as obesity.
{"title":"Effects of fatty acid-ethanol amine (FA-EA) derivatives on lipid accumulation and inflammation","authors":"Mengyu Li, Xiaoqing Huang, Mengxian Huang, Wenhui Jin, Zhuan Hong, Yucang Zhang, Hua Fang, Weizhu Chen","doi":"10.1002/lipd.12368","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lipd.12368","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of fatty acid-ethanol amine (FA-EA) derivatives (<b>L1</b>–<b>L10</b>) on the mitigation of intracellular lipid accumulation and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. First, the series of FA-EA derivatives were synthesized and characterized. Then, their cytotoxic, intracellular lipid accumulation and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. The oil red O staining experiment showed that the tested compounds <b>L4</b>, <b>L6</b>, <b>L8</b>, <b>L9</b>, and <b>L10</b> could reduce intracellular lipid accumulation induced by palmitic acid (PA). Moreover, ω-3/ω-6 PUFA-EA derivatives showed inhibitory effect on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. ω-3/ω-6 PUFA-EA derivatives at a concentrations of 10 μM could significantly decrease mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, inhibit NO production, and alleviate the protein expression of IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These data suggest that ω-3 PUFA-EA derivatives can be beneficial for further pharmaceutical development to treat chronic low-grade inflammation diseases such as obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18086,"journal":{"name":"Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9505993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelli A. Lytle, Jin Ook Chung, Nikki C. Bush, Jessica M. Triay, Michael D. Jensen
We investigated the relationships between ceramide species concentrations in liver, plasma and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles of humans with obesity as well as the relationships between hepatic fat content and hepatic ceramide concentrations and proportional distribution. Twenty-five obese (body mass index >35 kg/m2) adults participated in this study. Plasma, VLDL and hepatocellular ceramide concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The proportionate distribution of measured ceramide species differed between liver, whole plasma and the VLDL fraction. We found significant, positive correlations between the proportion of C14:0, C18:0, C20:0 and C24:1 ceramide in the liver and whole plasma (γ = 0.491, p = 0.013; γ = 0.573, p = 0.003; γ = 0.479, p = 0.015; γ = 0.716, p = 0.00006; respectively). In contrast, only the proportional contribution of C24:1 ceramide correlated positively between VLDL and liver (γ = 0.425, p = 0.013). The percent hepatic fat correlated positively with the proportion of C18:1, C18:0 and C20:0 hepatic ceramides (γ = 0.415, p = 0.039; γ = 0.426, p = 0.034; γ = 0.612, p = 0.001; respectively), but not with total hepatic ceramide concentration. The proportions of whole plasma ceramide subspecies, especially C14:0, C18:0, C20:0 and C24:1chain length, are reflective of those of hepatic ceramide subspecies in obese humans; these appear to be markers of hepatic ceramide species composition.
我们研究了肥胖人群肝脏、血浆和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)颗粒中神经酰胺种类浓度的关系,以及肝脏脂肪含量与肝神经酰胺浓度和比例分布的关系。25名肥胖成人(体重指数35 kg/m2)参与了这项研究。采用液相色谱/串联质谱法测定血浆、VLDL和肝细胞神经酰胺浓度。所测神经酰胺种类的比例分布在肝脏、全血浆和VLDL分数之间存在差异。我们发现C14:0、C18:0、C20:0和C24:1神经酰胺在肝脏和全血浆中的比例呈显著正相关(γ = 0.491, p = 0.013;γ = 0.573, p = 0.003;γ = 0.479, p = 0.015;γ = 0.716, p = 0.00006;分别)。相比之下,只有C24:1神经酰胺的比例贡献在VLDL和肝脏之间呈正相关(γ = 0.425, p = 0.013)。肝脂肪百分比与C18:1、C18:0和C20:0肝神经酰胺比例呈正相关(γ = 0.415, p = 0.039;γ = 0.426, p = 0.034;γ = 0.612, p = 0.001;),但与肝总神经酰胺浓度无关。全血浆神经酰胺亚种的比例,特别是C14:0、C18:0、C20:0和c24:1链长反映了肥胖人群肝神经酰胺亚种的比例;这些似乎是肝神经酰胺种类组成的标志。
{"title":"Ceramide concentrations in liver, plasma, and very low-density lipoproteins of humans with severe obesity","authors":"Kelli A. Lytle, Jin Ook Chung, Nikki C. Bush, Jessica M. Triay, Michael D. Jensen","doi":"10.1002/lipd.12367","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lipd.12367","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigated the relationships between ceramide species concentrations in liver, plasma and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles of humans with obesity as well as the relationships between hepatic fat content and hepatic ceramide concentrations and proportional distribution. Twenty-five obese (body mass index >35 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) adults participated in this study. Plasma, VLDL and hepatocellular ceramide concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The proportionate distribution of measured ceramide species differed between liver, whole plasma and the VLDL fraction. We found significant, positive correlations between the proportion of C14:0, C18:0, C20:0 and C24:1 ceramide in the liver and whole plasma (<i>γ</i> = 0.491, <i>p</i> = 0.013; <i>γ</i> = 0.573, <i>p</i> = 0.003; <i>γ</i> = 0.479, <i>p</i> = 0.015; <i>γ</i> = 0.716, <i>p</i> = 0.00006; respectively). In contrast, only the proportional contribution of C24:1 ceramide correlated positively between VLDL and liver (<i>γ</i> = 0.425, <i>p</i> = 0.013). The percent hepatic fat correlated positively with the proportion of C18:1, C18:0 and C20:0 hepatic ceramides (<i>γ</i> = 0.415, <i>p</i> = 0.039; <i>γ</i> = 0.426, <i>p</i> = 0.034; <i>γ</i> = 0.612, <i>p</i> = 0.001; respectively), but not with total hepatic ceramide concentration. The proportions of whole plasma ceramide subspecies, especially C14:0, C18:0, C20:0 and C24:1chain length, are reflective of those of hepatic ceramide subspecies in obese humans; these appear to be markers of hepatic ceramide species composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":18086,"journal":{"name":"Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9493818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer cells are known to survive in a hypoxic microenvironment by altering their lipid metabolism as well as their energy metabolism. In this study, Caco-2 cells derived from human colon cancer, were found to have elevated intracellular levels of phosphatidic acid and its lysoform, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), under hypoxic conditions. Our results suggested that the elevation of LPA in Caco-2 cells was mainly due to the combined increases in cellular levels of lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine by phospholipase A2 and subsequent hydrolysis to LPA by lysophospholipase D. We detected the Ca2+-stimulated choline-producing activities toward exogenous lysophosphatidylcholines in whole Caco-2 cell homogenates, indicating their involvement in the LPA production in intact Caco-2 cells.
{"title":"Hypoxia increases cellular levels of phosphatidic acid and lysophospholipids in undifferentiated Caco-2 cells","authors":"Yoshibumi Shimizu, Keiko Tamiya-Koizumi, Toshihiko Tsutsumi, Mamoru Kyogashima, Reiji Kannagi, Soichiro Iwaki, Mineyoshi Aoyama, Akira Tokumura","doi":"10.1002/lipd.12366","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lipd.12366","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cancer cells are known to survive in a hypoxic microenvironment by altering their lipid metabolism as well as their energy metabolism. In this study, Caco-2 cells derived from human colon cancer, were found to have elevated intracellular levels of phosphatidic acid and its lysoform, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), under hypoxic conditions. Our results suggested that the elevation of LPA in Caco-2 cells was mainly due to the combined increases in cellular levels of lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine by phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> and subsequent hydrolysis to LPA by lysophospholipase D. We detected the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-stimulated choline-producing activities toward exogenous lysophosphatidylcholines in whole Caco-2 cell homogenates, indicating their involvement in the LPA production in intact Caco-2 cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18086,"journal":{"name":"Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9135444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine Leroux, Hana Bouazizi-Ben Messaoud, Céline Luquain-Costaz, Lars P. Jordheim, Pauline Le Faouder, Marie-Paule Gustin, Karim Aoun, Philippe Lawton, Samira Azzouz-Maache, Isabelle Delton
Leishmania parasites are the causative agents of visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and of canine leishmaniosis. The macrophage is the predilected host cell of Leishmania in which the promastigote stage is transformed into amastigote. We previously showed changes in the fatty acid composition (FA) of lipids in two strains of Leishmania donovani upon differentiation of promastigote to amastigote, including increased proportions of arachidonic acid (AA) and to a less extent of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here, we carried out supplementation with AA or DHA on two Leishmania infantum strains, a visceral (MON-1) and a cutaneous (MON-24), to evaluate the role of these FA in parasite/macrophage interactions. The proportions of AA or DHA in total lipids were significantly increased in promastigotes cultured in AA- or DHA-supplemented media compared to controls. The content of FA-derived oxygenated metabolites was enhanced in supplemented strains, generating especially epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (11,12- and 14,15-EET) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5- and 8- HETE) from AA, and hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (14- and 17-HDoHE) from DHA. For both MON-1 and MON-24, AA-supplemented promastigotes showed higher infectivity towards J774 macrophages as evidenced by higher intracellular amastigote numbers. Higher infectivity was observed after DHA supplementation for MON-24 but not MON-1 strain. ROS production by macrophages increased upon parasite infection, but only minor change was observed between control and supplemented parasites. We propose that under high AA or DHA environment that is associated with AA or DHA enrichment of promastigote lipids, FA derivatives can accumulate in the parasite, thereby modulating parasite infectivity towards host macrophages.
{"title":"Enriched PUFA environment of Leishmania infantum promastigotes promotes the accumulation of lipid mediators and favors parasite infectivity towards J774 murine macrophages","authors":"Marine Leroux, Hana Bouazizi-Ben Messaoud, Céline Luquain-Costaz, Lars P. Jordheim, Pauline Le Faouder, Marie-Paule Gustin, Karim Aoun, Philippe Lawton, Samira Azzouz-Maache, Isabelle Delton","doi":"10.1002/lipd.12365","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lipd.12365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Leishmania</i> parasites are the causative agents of visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and of canine leishmaniosis. The macrophage is the predilected host cell of <i>Leishmania</i> in which the promastigote stage is transformed into amastigote. We previously showed changes in the fatty acid composition (FA) of lipids in two strains of <i>Leishmania donovani</i> upon differentiation of promastigote to amastigote, including increased proportions of arachidonic acid (AA) and to a less extent of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here, we carried out supplementation with AA or DHA on two <i>Leishmania infantum</i> strains, a visceral (MON-1) and a cutaneous (MON-24), to evaluate the role of these FA in parasite/macrophage interactions. The proportions of AA or DHA in total lipids were significantly increased in promastigotes cultured in AA- or DHA-supplemented media compared to controls. The content of FA-derived oxygenated metabolites was enhanced in supplemented strains, generating especially epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (11,12- and 14,15-EET) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5- and 8- HETE) from AA, and hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (14- and 17-HDoHE) from DHA. For both MON-1 and MON-24, AA-supplemented promastigotes showed higher infectivity towards J774 macrophages as evidenced by higher intracellular amastigote numbers. Higher infectivity was observed after DHA supplementation for MON-24 but not MON-1 strain. ROS production by macrophages increased upon parasite infection, but only minor change was observed between control and supplemented parasites. We propose that under high AA or DHA environment that is associated with AA or DHA enrichment of promastigote lipids, FA derivatives can accumulate in the parasite, thereby modulating parasite infectivity towards host macrophages.</p>","PeriodicalId":18086,"journal":{"name":"Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lipd.12365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9489408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Furan fatty acids (FuFA) are important antioxidants found in low concentrations in many types of food. In addition to conventional FuFA which normally feature saturated carboxyalkyl and alkyl chains, a few previous studies indicated the FuFA co-occurrence of low shares of unsaturated furan fatty acids (uFuFA). For their detailed analysis, the potential uFuFA were enriched by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) or countercurrent chromatography (CCC) followed by silver ion chromatography from a 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester oil, a 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester oil and a latex glove extract. Subsequent gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis enabled the detection of 16 individual uFuFA isomers with a double bond in conjugation with the central furan moiety. In either case, four instead of two uFuFA isomers previously reported in food, respectively, were detected by GC/MS. These isomers showed characteristic elution and abundance patterns in GC/MS chromatograms which indicated the presence of two pairs of cis/trans-isomers (geometrical isomers).
{"title":"Geometrical and positional isomers of unsaturated furan fatty acids in food","authors":"Franziska Müller, Tim Hammerschick, Walter Vetter","doi":"10.1002/lipd.12364","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lipd.12364","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Furan fatty acids (FuFA) are important antioxidants found in low concentrations in many types of food. In addition to conventional FuFA which normally feature saturated carboxyalkyl and alkyl chains, a few previous studies indicated the FuFA co-occurrence of low shares of unsaturated furan fatty acids (uFuFA). For their detailed analysis, the potential uFuFA were enriched by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) or countercurrent chromatography (CCC) followed by silver ion chromatography from a 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester oil, a 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester oil and a latex glove extract. Subsequent gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis enabled the detection of 16 individual uFuFA isomers with a double bond in conjugation with the central furan moiety. In either case, four instead of two uFuFA isomers previously reported in food, respectively, were detected by GC/MS. These isomers showed characteristic elution and abundance patterns in GC/MS chromatograms which indicated the presence of two pairs of <i>cis</i>/<i>trans</i>-isomers (geometrical isomers).</p>","PeriodicalId":18086,"journal":{"name":"Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lipd.12364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9137185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bianca C. de S. Ribeiro, Regina V. de C. Faria, Jeane de S. Nogueira, Samuel Santos Valença, Lin Chen, Bruna Romana-Souza
Olive oil has beneficial effects on skin wound healing due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, the mechanism by which olive oil promotes wound healing is unclear. We evaluated the mechanisms involved in Nrf2 pathway activation by olive oil and its role in cell survival and migration in mouse dermal fibroblasts in a short-term exposition. Our data demonstrated that olive oil and oleic acid promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while olive oil and hydroxytyrosol stimulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Olive oil-mediated ROS production increased nuclear factor kappa B p65 expression, while olive oil-stimulated reactive nitrogen species production augmented the levels of Nrf2. Olive oil augmented cell proliferation, cell migration, and AKT phosphorylation, but decreased apoptotic cell number and cleaved caspase-3 levels. The effect of olive oil on cell migration and protein levels of AKT, BCL-2, and Nrf2 were reversed by an Nrf2 inhibitor. In conclusion, the activation of the Nrf2 pathway by olive oil promotes the survival and migration of dermal fibroblasts that are essential for the resolution of skin wound healing.
橄榄油因其抗炎和抗氧化特性对皮肤伤口愈合有有益作用;然而,橄榄油促进伤口愈合的机制尚不清楚。我们评估了橄榄油激活Nrf2通路的机制及其在短期暴露小鼠真皮成纤维细胞存活和迁移中的作用。我们的数据表明,橄榄油和油酸促进活性氧(ROS)的产生,而橄榄油和羟基酪醇刺激核因子红细胞2相关因子2 (Nrf2)的激活。橄榄油介导的ROS产生增加了核因子κ B p65的表达,而橄榄油刺激的活性氮物种产生增加了Nrf2的水平。橄榄油增强了细胞增殖、细胞迁移和AKT磷酸化,但减少了凋亡细胞数量和裂解caspase-3水平。橄榄油对细胞迁移和AKT、BCL-2和Nrf2蛋白水平的影响被Nrf2抑制剂逆转。总之,橄榄油对Nrf2通路的激活促进了真皮成纤维细胞的存活和迁移,这对皮肤伤口愈合的解决至关重要。
{"title":"Olive oil promotes the survival and migration of dermal fibroblasts through Nrf2 pathway activation","authors":"Bianca C. de S. Ribeiro, Regina V. de C. Faria, Jeane de S. Nogueira, Samuel Santos Valença, Lin Chen, Bruna Romana-Souza","doi":"10.1002/lipd.12363","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lipd.12363","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Olive oil has beneficial effects on skin wound healing due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, the mechanism by which olive oil promotes wound healing is unclear. We evaluated the mechanisms involved in Nrf2 pathway activation by olive oil and its role in cell survival and migration in mouse dermal fibroblasts in a short-term exposition. Our data demonstrated that olive oil and oleic acid promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while olive oil and hydroxytyrosol stimulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Olive oil-mediated ROS production increased nuclear factor kappa B p65 expression, while olive oil-stimulated reactive nitrogen species production augmented the levels of Nrf2. Olive oil augmented cell proliferation, cell migration, and AKT phosphorylation, but decreased apoptotic cell number and cleaved caspase-3 levels. The effect of olive oil on cell migration and protein levels of AKT, BCL-2, and Nrf2 were reversed by an Nrf2 inhibitor. In conclusion, the activation of the Nrf2 pathway by olive oil promotes the survival and migration of dermal fibroblasts that are essential for the resolution of skin wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18086,"journal":{"name":"Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9129696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiuping Zhang, Qian Xu, Huajun Tian, Yudan Chu, Jun Qiu, Mengwei Sun
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) are essential for improving the health and performance of athletes. The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of omega-3 PUFAs in Chinese elite athletes by both dietary intake analysis and serum biomarker detection. A cross-sectional analysis of data from 54 elite athletes (24 men and 30 women) from Shanghai professional sports teams was conducted. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was employed to analyze dietary intake, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) was conducted to measure serum biomarkers of PUFAs. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships of PUFA biomarkers with diet, inflammation and oxidative stress. The results showed that the median intake of EPA + DHA among athletes was 132 mg/d, which is lower than the minimum value recommended by dietary guidelines (250 mg/d). The average serum EPA + DHA was 4.0 ± 1.1%, and the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 was 7.7 ± 1.7. Most (96.3%) of the athletes were below the targeted value of serum EPA + DHA, which is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk. Correlation analysis showed that the serum EPA + DHA was positively correlated with the long-term dietary intake of EPA + DHA and negatively correlated with inflammatory markers. In conclusion, the serum circulating EPA + DHA and omega-6/omega-3 ratio are effective biomarkers reflecting the nutritional status of PUFAs in athletes. Omega-3 PUFAs have a potential effect on inhibiting inflammatory markers. Hence, it is necessary for Chinese athletes to improve their suboptimal nutritional status of PUFAs through dietary intervention.
{"title":"Serum and diet long-chain omega-3 fatty acid nutritional status in Chinese elite athletes","authors":"Qiuping Zhang, Qian Xu, Huajun Tian, Yudan Chu, Jun Qiu, Mengwei Sun","doi":"10.1002/lipd.12362","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lipd.12362","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) are essential for improving the health and performance of athletes. The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of omega-3 PUFAs in Chinese elite athletes by both dietary intake analysis and serum biomarker detection. A cross-sectional analysis of data from 54 elite athletes (24 men and 30 women) from Shanghai professional sports teams was conducted. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was employed to analyze dietary intake, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) was conducted to measure serum biomarkers of PUFAs. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships of PUFA biomarkers with diet, inflammation and oxidative stress. The results showed that the median intake of EPA + DHA among athletes was 132 mg/d, which is lower than the minimum value recommended by dietary guidelines (250 mg/d). The average serum EPA + DHA was 4.0 ± 1.1%, and the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 was 7.7 ± 1.7. Most (96.3%) of the athletes were below the targeted value of serum EPA + DHA, which is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk. Correlation analysis showed that the serum EPA + DHA was positively correlated with the long-term dietary intake of EPA + DHA and negatively correlated with inflammatory markers. In conclusion, the serum circulating EPA + DHA and omega-6/omega-3 ratio are effective biomarkers reflecting the nutritional status of PUFAs in athletes. Omega-3 PUFAs have a potential effect on inhibiting inflammatory markers. Hence, it is necessary for Chinese athletes to improve their suboptimal nutritional status of PUFAs through dietary intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":18086,"journal":{"name":"Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10630167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently, there is a global trend of rapid increase in obesity, especially among adolescents. The antibiotics cocktails (ABX) therapy is commonly used as an adjunctive treatment for gut microbiota related diseases, including obesity. However, the effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics alone on young obese hosts have rarely been reported. In the present study, the 3-week-old C57BL/6J male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were intragastric administration with ampicillin, vancomycin, metronidazole or neomycin for 30 days. The lipid metabolites in plasma were assessed by biochemical assay kits, and genes related to lipid metabolite in the white adipose were assessed by qPCR. To further analyze the underlying mechanisms, the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress in the liver were determined by qPCR assay. In addition, the expression of oxidative damage-associated proteins in the liver were detected by western blot. The results showed that oral antibiotics exposure could reduce body weight and fat index in HFD-fed mice, concurrent with the increase of white adipose lipolysis genes and the decrease of hepatic lipogenic genes. Furthermore, antibiotics treatment could clearly reverse the HFD-induced elevation of oxidative damage-related proteins in the liver. Together, these findings will provide valuable clues into the effects of antibiotics on obesity.
{"title":"Antibiotics administration alleviates the high fat diet-induced obesity through altering the lipid metabolism in young mice","authors":"Shiyue Luo, Hongyang Zhang, Xuejun Jiang, Yinyin Xia, Shixin Tang, Xinhao Duan, Wei Sun, Min Gao, Chengzhi Chen, Zhen Zou, Lixiao Zhou, Jingfu Qiu","doi":"10.1002/lipd.12361","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lipd.12361","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Currently, there is a global trend of rapid increase in obesity, especially among adolescents. The antibiotics cocktails (ABX) therapy is commonly used as an adjunctive treatment for gut microbiota related diseases, including obesity. However, the effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics alone on young obese hosts have rarely been reported. In the present study, the 3-week-old C57BL/6J male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were intragastric administration with ampicillin, vancomycin, metronidazole or neomycin for 30 days. The lipid metabolites in plasma were assessed by biochemical assay kits, and genes related to lipid metabolite in the white adipose were assessed by qPCR. To further analyze the underlying mechanisms, the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress in the liver were determined by qPCR assay. In addition, the expression of oxidative damage-associated proteins in the liver were detected by western blot. The results showed that oral antibiotics exposure could reduce body weight and fat index in HFD-fed mice, concurrent with the increase of white adipose lipolysis genes and the decrease of hepatic lipogenic genes. Furthermore, antibiotics treatment could clearly reverse the HFD-induced elevation of oxidative damage-related proteins in the liver. Together, these findings will provide valuable clues into the effects of antibiotics on obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18086,"journal":{"name":"Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10692870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisabeth Koch, Mustafa Bagci, Michael Kuhn, Nicole M. Hartung, Malwina Mainka, Katharina M. Rund, Nils Helge Schebb
Oxysterols play a key role in many (patho)physiological processes and they are potential biomarkers for oxidative stress in several diseases. Here we developed a rapid gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry-based method for the separation and quantification of 11 biologically relevant oxysterols bearing hydroxy, epoxy, and dihydroxy groups. Efficient chromatographic separation (resolution ≥ 1.9) was achieved using a medium polarity 35%-diphenyl/65%-dimethyl polysiloxane stationary phase material (30 m × 0.25 mm inner diameter and 0.25 μm film thickness). Based on thorough analysis of the fragmentation during electron ionization we developed a strategy to deduce structural information of the oxysterols. Optimized sample preparation includes (i) extraction with a mixture of n-hexane/iso-propanol, (ii) removal of cholesterol by solid phase extraction with unmodified silica, and (iii) trimethylsilylation. The method was successfully applied on the analysis of brain samples, showing consistent results with previous studies and a good intra- and interday precision of ≤20%. Finally, we used the method for the investigation of oxysterol formation during oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Incubation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide led to a massive increase in free radical formed oxysterols (7-keto-chol > 7β-OH-chol >> 7α-OH-chol), while 24 h incubation with the glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibitor RSL3 showed no increase in oxidative stress based on the oxysterol pattern. Overall, the new method described here enables the robust analysis of a biologically meaningful pattern of oxysterols with high sensitivity and precision allowing us to gain new insights in the biological formation and role of oxysterols.
氧化甾醇在许多(病理)生理过程中发挥关键作用,是几种疾病中氧化应激的潜在生物标志物。在这里,我们开发了一种基于气相色谱-质谱的快速分离和定量方法,用于分离和定量11种具有羟基,环氧和二羟基的生物相关的氧甾醇。采用中极性35%-二苯基/65%-二甲基聚硅氧烷固定相材料(内径30 m × 0.25 mm,膜厚0.25 μm),实现高效色谱分离(分辨率≥1.9)。基于对电子电离过程中断裂的深入分析,我们开发了一种推断氧化甾醇结构信息的策略。优化的样品制备包括(i)用正己烷/异丙醇混合物萃取,(ii)用未改性二氧化硅固相萃取去除胆固醇,以及(iii)三甲基硅基化。该方法成功应用于脑样品分析,结果与前人的研究结果一致,且具有良好的日内、日间精度≤20%。最后,我们利用该方法研究了HepG2细胞氧化应激过程中氧甾醇的形成。与叔丁基过氧化氢孵育导致自由基形成的氧甾醇(7-酮醇> 7β-OH-chol >> 7α-OH-chol)大量增加,而与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4抑制剂RSL3孵育24小时,根据氧甾醇模式,氧化应激没有增加。总的来说,这里描述的新方法能够对具有高灵敏度和精度的具有生物学意义的氧化甾醇模式进行稳健分析,使我们能够在氧化甾醇的生物学形成和作用方面获得新的见解。
{"title":"GC–MS analysis of oxysterols and their formation in cultivated liver cells (HepG2)","authors":"Elisabeth Koch, Mustafa Bagci, Michael Kuhn, Nicole M. Hartung, Malwina Mainka, Katharina M. Rund, Nils Helge Schebb","doi":"10.1002/lipd.12360","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lipd.12360","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oxysterols play a key role in many (patho)physiological processes and they are potential biomarkers for oxidative stress in several diseases. Here we developed a rapid gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry-based method for the separation and quantification of 11 biologically relevant oxysterols bearing hydroxy, epoxy, and dihydroxy groups. Efficient chromatographic separation (resolution ≥ 1.9) was achieved using a medium polarity 35%-diphenyl/65%-dimethyl polysiloxane stationary phase material (30 m × 0.25 mm inner diameter and 0.25 μm film thickness). Based on thorough analysis of the fragmentation during electron ionization we developed a strategy to deduce structural information of the oxysterols. Optimized sample preparation includes (i) extraction with a mixture of <i>n</i>-hexane/<i>iso</i>-propanol, (ii) removal of cholesterol by solid phase extraction with unmodified silica, and (iii) trimethylsilylation. The method was successfully applied on the analysis of brain samples, showing consistent results with previous studies and a good intra- and interday precision of ≤20%. Finally, we used the method for the investigation of oxysterol formation during oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Incubation with <i>tert</i>-butyl hydroperoxide led to a massive increase in free radical formed oxysterols (7-keto-chol > 7β-OH-chol >> 7α-OH-chol), while 24 h incubation with the glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibitor RSL3 showed no increase in oxidative stress based on the oxysterol pattern. Overall, the new method described here enables the robust analysis of a biologically meaningful pattern of oxysterols with high sensitivity and precision allowing us to gain new insights in the biological formation and role of oxysterols.</p>","PeriodicalId":18086,"journal":{"name":"Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lipd.12360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10639396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is widely accepted that unesterified polyunsaturated ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids (PUFA) are converted through various lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P450 enzymes to a range of oxygenated derivatives (oxylipins), among which the polyhydroxides of unesterified PUFA have recently been recognized as cell signaling molecules with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties, known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). This study investigates the mono-, di-, and trihydroxy 16:0/PUFA-GPCs, and the corresponding 16:0/SPM-GPC, in plasma lipoproteins. We describe the isolation and identification of mono-, di-, and trihydroxy AA, EPA, and DHA-GPC in plasma LDL, HDL, HDL3, and acute phase HDL using normal phase LC/ESI-MS, as previously reported. The lipoproteins contained variable amounts of the polyhydroxy-PUFA-GPC (0–10 nmol/mg protein), likely the product of lipid peroxidation and the action of various lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 enzymes on both free fatty acids and the parent GPCs. Polyhydroxy-PUFA-GPC was hydrolyzed to variable extent (20%–80%) by the different secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s), with Group IIA sPLA2 showing the lowest and Group X sPLA2 the highest activity. Surprisingly, the trihydroxy-16:0/PUFA-GPC of APHDL was largely absent, while large amounts of unidentified material had migrated in the free fatty acid elution area. The free fatty acid mass spectra were consistent with that anticipated for branched chain polyhydroxy fatty acids. There was general agreement between the masses determined by LC/ESI-MS for the polyhydroxy PUFA-GPC and the masses calculated for the GPC equivalents of resolvins, protectins, and maresins using the fatty acid structures reported in the literature.
{"title":"Hydrolysis of polyhydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid-glycerophosphocholines by Group IIA, V, and X secretory phospholipases A2","authors":"Arnis Kuksis, Waldemar Pruzanski","doi":"10.1002/lipd.12359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lipd.12359","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is widely accepted that unesterified polyunsaturated ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids (PUFA) are converted through various lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P450 enzymes to a range of oxygenated derivatives (oxylipins), among which the polyhydroxides of unesterified PUFA have recently been recognized as cell signaling molecules with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties, known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). This study investigates the mono-, di-, and trihydroxy 16:0/PUFA-GPCs, and the corresponding 16:0/SPM-GPC, in plasma lipoproteins. We describe the isolation and identification of mono-, di-, and trihydroxy AA, EPA, and DHA-GPC in plasma LDL, HDL, HDL3, and acute phase HDL using normal phase LC/ESI-MS, as previously reported. The lipoproteins contained variable amounts of the polyhydroxy-PUFA-GPC (0–10 nmol/mg protein), likely the product of lipid peroxidation and the action of various lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 enzymes on both free fatty acids and the parent GPCs. Polyhydroxy-PUFA-GPC was hydrolyzed to variable extent (20%–80%) by the different secretory phospholipases A<sub>2</sub> (sPLA<sub>2</sub>s), with Group IIA sPLA<sub>2</sub> showing the lowest and Group X sPLA<sub>2</sub> the highest activity. Surprisingly, the trihydroxy-16:0/PUFA-GPC of APHDL was largely absent, while large amounts of unidentified material had migrated in the free fatty acid elution area. The free fatty acid mass spectra were consistent with that anticipated for branched chain polyhydroxy fatty acids. There was general agreement between the masses determined by LC/ESI-MS for the polyhydroxy PUFA-GPC and the masses calculated for the GPC equivalents of resolvins, protectins, and maresins using the fatty acid structures reported in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":18086,"journal":{"name":"Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50145284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}