Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) which consist of dielectric materials are a don't ever and an ever field in more modern application. The Split-Step Fourier method (SSFM) was used in this work to create a fiber photonic crystal, which was suggested and validated using a Matlab software .The impact of two -zero- dispersion on the Soliton in solid core photonic crystal fibers has been studied by investigating the interplay between Raman effect and second- order- dispersion. It has been discovered that the proposed photonic crystal fibers two –zero- dispersion wavelengths (TZDW) can be used to effectively tailor the properties of third order soliton. Many current applications, including medical and industrial, rely on spectral expansion. In addition, soliton has an important role in modern communication systems.
{"title":"EFFECT TWO ZERO DISPERSION WAVELENGTHS AND RAMAN SCATTERING IN THE THIRD-ORDER SOLITON OF SOLID CORE PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS TO PRODUCE SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION","authors":"Mohamةed Altaie","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) which consist of dielectric materials are a don't ever and an ever field in more modern application. The Split-Step Fourier method (SSFM) was used in this work to create a fiber photonic crystal, which was suggested and validated using a Matlab software .The impact of two -zero- dispersion on the Soliton in solid core photonic crystal fibers has been studied by investigating the interplay between Raman effect and second- order- dispersion. It has been discovered that the proposed photonic crystal fibers two –zero- dispersion wavelengths (TZDW) can be used to effectively tailor the properties of third order soliton. Many current applications, including medical and industrial, rely on spectral expansion. In addition, soliton has an important role in modern communication systems.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49063906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evidence before the COVID-19 outbreak indicated that healthcare workers’ hand hygiene compliance had been low. Although hand hygiene compliance has improved during the COVID-19 pandemic, it's necessary to plan a tailored and targeted hand hygiene promotion strategy to maintain changes. Therefore, the aim of this review was to assess experimental theory-based studies on hand hygiene improvement in order to identify the best theory and constructs with higher effectiveness. The study design is a systematic review. The search strategy was developed, and Medline (PubMed), ProQuest, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Cochrane Trials, and Science Direct databases were searched up to May 26, 2020, without time limitation. Review Manager 5.1 software was used to determine the risk of bias. Irrelevant articles, non-original articles, non-interventional studies, and those that lacked a theoretical framework were excluded. A total of eight articles were entered into the final analysis, including three randomized clinical trials and five quasi-experimental studies. In these studies, theories were reported at intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational levels. Moreover, some studies evaluated multifaceted interventions involving various levels of influence. Finally, we suggested an integrated multi-level approach to promote hand hygiene (IMAPH) with a comprehensive theoretical framework for designing interventions. Keywords: Healthcare workers, Hand hygiene, Theory-based intervention, Systematic review, Multi theory model
新冠肺炎爆发前的证据表明，医护人员的手卫生依从性一直很低。尽管在新冠肺炎大流行期间，手卫生合规性有所改善，但有必要制定有针对性的手卫生推广策略，以保持变化。因此，本综述的目的是评估基于实验理论的手部卫生改善研究，以确定具有更高有效性的最佳理论和结构。研究设计是一个系统的回顾。制定了搜索策略，并在2020年5月26日之前无时间限制地搜索了Medline（PubMed）、ProQuest、Web of Knowledge、Scopus、Cochrane Trials和Science Direct数据库。Review Manager 5.1软件用于确定偏差风险。不相关的文章、非原创文章、非干预性研究以及缺乏理论框架的研究都被排除在外。共有8篇文章进入最终分析，包括3项随机临床试验和5项准实验研究。在这些研究中，理论被报道在个人、人际和组织层面。此外，一些研究评估了涉及不同影响程度的多方面干预措施。最后，我们提出了一种多层次的综合方法来促进手部卫生（IMAPH），并为设计干预措施提供了全面的理论框架。关键词：医护人员，手部卫生，理论干预，系统综述，多理论模型
{"title":"A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING HAND HYGIENE COMPLIANCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW","authors":"M. Motamed-Jahromi, M. Kaveh","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence before the COVID-19 outbreak indicated that healthcare workers’ hand hygiene compliance had been low. Although hand hygiene compliance has improved during the COVID-19 pandemic, it's necessary to plan a tailored and targeted hand hygiene promotion strategy to maintain changes. Therefore, the aim of this review was to assess experimental theory-based studies on hand hygiene improvement in order to identify the best theory and constructs with higher effectiveness. The study design is a systematic review. The search strategy was developed, and Medline (PubMed), ProQuest, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Cochrane Trials, and Science Direct databases were searched up to May 26, 2020, without time limitation. Review Manager 5.1 software was used to determine the risk of bias. Irrelevant articles, non-original articles, non-interventional studies, and those that lacked a theoretical framework were excluded. A total of eight articles were entered into the final analysis, including three randomized clinical trials and five quasi-experimental studies. In these studies, theories were reported at intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational levels. Moreover, some studies evaluated multifaceted interventions involving various levels of influence. Finally, we suggested an integrated multi-level approach to promote hand hygiene (IMAPH) with a comprehensive theoretical framework for designing interventions. Keywords: Healthcare workers, Hand hygiene, Theory-based intervention, Systematic review, Multi theory model","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43211816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Makhlouf, Khalil M Ibrahim, A. R. E. Naqah, Sana’ M. Al-Thawabteh
The Late Pleistocene travertine outcrops from Deir Alla, Suwayma, and Az Zara were investigated, and their microfacies were identified. The microfacies of the Deir Alla travertines include micrite and spar groundmass, shrubs, crystalline crusts, a stromatolite-like structure, peloids, and cements. Shrub travertine includes spar calcite-coated stems with probably microbial micritic clumps. The crystalline crust travertine displays an alternation of micrite and sparite laminae. The micritic laminae are dark-coloured. Bundles of radial spar crystals are associated locally with micritic groundmass. The crystalline crust developed where biogenic activity is limited. Peloidal microfacies are less than 0.25 mm in diameter, cryptocrystalline, pale-dark green in colour, elliptical to spherical in shape, and usually associated with microorganisms. The microfacies of the Suwayma and Az Zara travertines include crystalline calcite rhombs and other composite scalenohedral crystals. They occur as small anhedral-subhedral crystals, monocrystalline to some polycrystalline, corroded, subrounded, and mainly coated with iron oxide and/or clay minerals. Peloids, ooids, and oncoids are common. They are dark-green coloured, cryptocrystalline to microcrystalline carbonates of spherical and ellipsoidal shape with less than 1 mm in diameter. Rich flora travertines include reed and paper-thin rafts with leaf impressions encrusted on moss cushions. The flora observed in the upper part of the Suwayma section was identified as charophyte oospores (gyrogonites). A few grains of quartz are present as small subhedral-euhedral crystals, monocrystalline, corroded, rounded, and mainly coated with iron oxide. The iron is irregularly distributed among the laminae and voids and is occasionally replaced by carbonates. The described macrophyte encrustation structures probably represent algae, cyanobacteria, or bryophytes. All samples of micrite and spar calcite appear as groundmass.
{"title":"MICROFACIES OF LATE PLEISTOCENE TRAVERTINE DEPOSITS IN JORDAN","authors":"I. Makhlouf, Khalil M Ibrahim, A. R. E. Naqah, Sana’ M. Al-Thawabteh","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The Late Pleistocene travertine outcrops from Deir Alla, Suwayma, and Az Zara were investigated, and their microfacies were identified. The microfacies of the Deir Alla travertines include micrite and spar groundmass, shrubs, crystalline crusts, a stromatolite-like structure, peloids, and cements. Shrub travertine includes spar calcite-coated stems with probably microbial micritic clumps. The crystalline crust travertine displays an alternation of micrite and sparite laminae. The micritic laminae are dark-coloured. Bundles of radial spar crystals are associated locally with micritic groundmass. The crystalline crust developed where biogenic activity is limited. Peloidal microfacies are less than 0.25 mm in diameter, cryptocrystalline, pale-dark green in colour, elliptical to spherical in shape, and usually associated with microorganisms. The microfacies of the Suwayma and Az Zara travertines include crystalline calcite rhombs and other composite scalenohedral crystals. They occur as small anhedral-subhedral crystals, monocrystalline to some polycrystalline, corroded, subrounded, and mainly coated with iron oxide and/or clay minerals. Peloids, ooids, and oncoids are common. They are dark-green coloured, cryptocrystalline to microcrystalline carbonates of spherical and ellipsoidal shape with less than 1 mm in diameter. Rich flora travertines include reed and paper-thin rafts with leaf impressions encrusted on moss cushions. The flora observed in the upper part of the Suwayma section was identified as charophyte oospores (gyrogonites). A few grains of quartz are present as small subhedral-euhedral crystals, monocrystalline, corroded, rounded, and mainly coated with iron oxide. The iron is irregularly distributed among the laminae and voids and is occasionally replaced by carbonates. The described macrophyte encrustation structures probably represent algae, cyanobacteria, or bryophytes. All samples of micrite and spar calcite appear as groundmass.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46845934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Subramaniam, Kirutika Selva Rajan, Hazirah Burkhan, Chew Bee Lynn, S. Appalasamy, R. Poobathy
Ludisia discolor, a jewel orchid is the only species found under its genus (Ludisia). This wild orchid is well known for its striking foliage and its medicinal benefits. Since the population of this valuable species is becoming scarce, therefore protecting this orchid is crucial. Cryopreservation is a practicable long-term germplasm conservation approach. The genetic material is stored at freezing temperature using liquid nitrogen. In this study, V cryo-plate method was developed using L. discolor axillary buds using optimum conditions. For the screening of somaclonal variation, 3 weeks old treated (cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved) explants were utilized in comparison with the stock cultures as a control. The genetic stability was assessed using a total of twenty (20) DAMD, twenty (20) ISSR, and ten (10) SCoT molecular markers. The somaclonal variation detected in cryopreserved explant using DAMD, ISSR, and SCoT molecular markers were 12.5, 4.17, and 10.53% respectively. However, somaclonal variation was also detected in non-cryopreserved explants using DAMD, ISSR, and SCoT at 6.15, 5.77, and 10%, respectively. Hence, SCoT was chosen to be precise than the other two molecular markers (DAMD and ISSR).
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DAMD, ISSR AND SCOT MOLECULAR MARKERS ON CRYOPRESERVED LUDISIA DISCOLOR AXILLARY BUDS","authors":"S. Subramaniam, Kirutika Selva Rajan, Hazirah Burkhan, Chew Bee Lynn, S. Appalasamy, R. Poobathy","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Ludisia discolor, a jewel orchid is the only species found under its genus (Ludisia). This wild orchid is well known for its striking foliage and its medicinal benefits. Since the population of this valuable species is becoming scarce, therefore protecting this orchid is crucial. Cryopreservation is a practicable long-term germplasm conservation approach. The genetic material is stored at freezing temperature using liquid nitrogen. In this study, V cryo-plate method was developed using L. discolor axillary buds using optimum conditions. For the screening of somaclonal variation, 3 weeks old treated (cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved) explants were utilized in comparison with the stock cultures as a control. The genetic stability was assessed using a total of twenty (20) DAMD, twenty (20) ISSR, and ten (10) SCoT molecular markers. The somaclonal variation detected in cryopreserved explant using DAMD, ISSR, and SCoT molecular markers were 12.5, 4.17, and 10.53% respectively. However, somaclonal variation was also detected in non-cryopreserved explants using DAMD, ISSR, and SCoT at 6.15, 5.77, and 10%, respectively. Hence, SCoT was chosen to be precise than the other two molecular markers (DAMD and ISSR).","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46114052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd Razali Md Razak, Z. Kassim, Ridhwan Abd Wahab, Noor Yuslida Hazahari
This study was conducted at horseshoe crab’s natural spawning ground in Johor Lama, Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia (1°35'00"N 104°00'49"E). Six nests were excavated on 4 August 2020, four hours after the highest tide. Conditions of the spawning site were observed and recorded. Grain size analysis was conducted. Eggs hatching rate, larvae moulting rate, infection rate, and larvae abnormality rate were recorded. There are two types of reclamation observed in Johor Lama: (i) concrete wall and (ii) stack of boulders. Mangrove and muddy areas in Johor Lama are still preserved and in good condition. Sand in the horseshoe crab spawning beach in Johor Lama was coarser and poorly sorted ( : 0.09± 0.01 cm; : 1.89 ± 0.03) as compared to the one in Balok, Pahang (mid-tide mark, August 2012: : 2.38 ± 0.04 cm; : 0.86 ± 0.04). The quantity of the eggs inside each nest in Johor Lama was also in accordance with the other previous studies (first nest n: 256, second nest n: 229, third nest n: 132, fourth nest n: 123, fifth nest n: 149, sixth nest n: 134). However, the hatching rates of each sample in this population were observed to be lower than the others previously studied (31.8% – 66.1%). Two types of larvae abnormalities were reported in this study: (i) genetic impairment that changed the basic Xiphosura’s body plan and (ii) external factor that caused by the impact of the substrate or predatory action that would distort the shape of the juvenile exoskeleton. Based on the observation, the natural ecosystem in Johor Lama is still in good preservation, since it is far from urbanisation and has less deforestation. However, the future of this spawning site is still in doubt, since many ports and industrials zones are located on the opposite side of the river in Johor Bahru district that could lead to the worst water pollution.
{"title":"HORSESHOE CRAB AND ITS SPAWNING GROUND CONDITION IN JOHOR LAMA, JOHOR","authors":"Mohd Razali Md Razak, Z. Kassim, Ridhwan Abd Wahab, Noor Yuslida Hazahari","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol41no1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted at horseshoe crab’s natural spawning ground in Johor Lama, Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia (1°35'00\"N 104°00'49\"E). Six nests were excavated on 4 August 2020, four hours after the highest tide. Conditions of the spawning site were observed and recorded. Grain size analysis was conducted. Eggs hatching rate, larvae moulting rate, infection rate, and larvae abnormality rate were recorded. There are two types of reclamation observed in Johor Lama: (i) concrete wall and (ii) stack of boulders. Mangrove and muddy areas in Johor Lama are still preserved and in good condition. Sand in the horseshoe crab spawning beach in Johor Lama was coarser and poorly sorted ( : 0.09± 0.01 cm; : 1.89 ± 0.03) as compared to the one in Balok, Pahang (mid-tide mark, August 2012: : 2.38 ± 0.04 cm; : 0.86 ± 0.04). The quantity of the eggs inside each nest in Johor Lama was also in accordance with the other previous studies (first nest n: 256, second nest n: 229, third nest n: 132, fourth nest n: 123, fifth nest n: 149, sixth nest n: 134). However, the hatching rates of each sample in this population were observed to be lower than the others previously studied (31.8% – 66.1%). Two types of larvae abnormalities were reported in this study: (i) genetic impairment that changed the basic Xiphosura’s body plan and (ii) external factor that caused by the impact of the substrate or predatory action that would distort the shape of the juvenile exoskeleton. Based on the observation, the natural ecosystem in Johor Lama is still in good preservation, since it is far from urbanisation and has less deforestation. However, the future of this spawning site is still in doubt, since many ports and industrials zones are located on the opposite side of the river in Johor Bahru district that could lead to the worst water pollution.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46063000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Limited groundwater, especially during the dry season, poses a challenge for Kobango II Hamlet Bantul Regency residents to have sufficient clean water supply for their daily needs. Inadequate aquifer conditions and the inability to release enough water are reasons for clean water scarcity. Thus, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the rainwater harvesting (RWH) system for domestic water needs in the Kobango II Hamlet Bantul Regency. The method used in this research is conducting a survey, observation, quantitative analysis of secondary data using rainfall data and aquifer conditions and calculating RWH system requirements. The results obtained from this research demonstrated that the required diameter of the vertical gutter for the RWH system is 6.65 cm and the diameter of the gutter is 0.056 cm.
{"title":"RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM’S UTILIZATION FOR DOMESTIC WATER NEEDS IN KOBANGO II HAMLET, BANTUL REGENCY","authors":"D. Santoso, Berty Dwi Rahmawati","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol41no1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Limited groundwater, especially during the dry season, poses a challenge for Kobango II Hamlet Bantul Regency residents to have sufficient clean water supply for their daily needs. Inadequate aquifer conditions and the inability to release enough water are reasons for clean water scarcity. Thus, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the rainwater harvesting (RWH) system for domestic water needs in the Kobango II Hamlet Bantul Regency. The method used in this research is conducting a survey, observation, quantitative analysis of secondary data using rainfall data and aquifer conditions and calculating RWH system requirements. The results obtained from this research demonstrated that the required diameter of the vertical gutter for the RWH system is 6.65 cm and the diameter of the gutter is 0.056 cm.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47940057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Running shoes with increased or decreased sole thickness are postulated to improve running performance, besides to protect runners against high impact forces and running injuries. However, there is no evidence showing that running shoe developments emerging on the market help tackle running injuries. In this study, we compared the effect of different outsole thicknesses: (i) barefoot, (ii) minimalist and (iii) maximalist sports shoes on running biomechanics. Fifteen male subjects (age 23.19 ± 0.73 years old) who had regular exercises for at least 75 minutes per week were recruited to participate in this study. Participants had completed three minutes of running on a treadmill in each condition. Lower extremity kinetics and kinematics were analysed. There was no difference between maximalist running shoes and minimalist running shoes with respect to maximum vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) (p = 0.221), step length (p = 0.50) and cadence (p = 0.30). In addition, we observed longer ground contact time in maximalist running shoes (1.087 ± 0.115 s) when compared with minimalist running shoes (1.051 ± 0.105 s) (p = 0.007). On the other hand, runners had significantly higher knee flexion and adduction in minimalist shoes than maximalist shoes (p = 0.046). In conclusion, running in minimalist shoes, at least in a short period, produces greater running efficiency with shorter ground contact time but may result in a higher injury risk at the knee joint.
{"title":"EFFECT OF OUTSOLE THICKNESS ON RUNNING BIOMECHANICS","authors":"C. S. Cheng, Koh Wei Lin, T. Qing","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol41no1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Running shoes with increased or decreased sole thickness are postulated to improve running performance, besides to protect runners against high impact forces and running injuries. However, there is no evidence showing that running shoe developments emerging on the market help tackle running injuries. In this study, we compared the effect of different outsole thicknesses: (i) barefoot, (ii) minimalist and (iii) maximalist sports shoes on running biomechanics. Fifteen male subjects (age 23.19 ± 0.73 years old) who had regular exercises for at least 75 minutes per week were recruited to participate in this study. Participants had completed three minutes of running on a treadmill in each condition. Lower extremity kinetics and kinematics were analysed. There was no difference between maximalist running shoes and minimalist running shoes with respect to maximum vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) (p = 0.221), step length (p = 0.50) and cadence (p = 0.30). In addition, we observed longer ground contact time in maximalist running shoes (1.087 ± 0.115 s) when compared with minimalist running shoes (1.051 ± 0.105 s) (p = 0.007). On the other hand, runners had significantly higher knee flexion and adduction in minimalist shoes than maximalist shoes (p = 0.046). In conclusion, running in minimalist shoes, at least in a short period, produces greater running efficiency with shorter ground contact time but may result in a higher injury risk at the knee joint.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47317148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Hidayah Huqmah Mahmud, N. Jamil, A. F. Abdullah, M. S. Sulaiman
The river sand mining activity has taken place in a sand-bed river system in Selangor, Malaysia for decades even before the legalisation was initiated in 2008. This study focuses on the determination of optimum sand extraction for low-flow and high-flow seasons. The sand replenishment rate was used as the benchmark in determining the threshold level of the extractable rate in the Langat River, Selangor system. The total sediment load was computed using Yang (1973) equation due to the high percentage of agreement between the predicted sediment load and measured sediment load. Almost 41.6% of the predicted data fall within the allowable discrepancy ratio test between the predicted value and measured value. The comparison of sand replenishment rate in high and low flow seasons proved that the river system has quicker capabilities in sand replenishment rate at the extraction point during the high-flow season compared to the latter by 83%. The quantifiable volume of the extractable sand rate is proposed specifically during low-flow months (May to September) whereby the slower replenishment rate is critical and riskier. The optimal sand mining volume during the low-flow months is calculated by reducing 10% from the total replenishment volume and the recommended optimum extraction load has been delivered by the number of 25 tons lorries for easier observation by the contractor and authority’s body. The monthly optimum extraction in Langat River during low-flow months is calculated at a minimum of 437 trucks to a maximum of 20,114 trucks per month.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT REPLENISHMENT VOLUME IN LANGAT RIVER SYSTEM","authors":"Nur Hidayah Huqmah Mahmud, N. Jamil, A. F. Abdullah, M. S. Sulaiman","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol41no1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The river sand mining activity has taken place in a sand-bed river system in Selangor, Malaysia for decades even before the legalisation was initiated in 2008. This study focuses on the determination of optimum sand extraction for low-flow and high-flow seasons. The sand replenishment rate was used as the benchmark in determining the threshold level of the extractable rate in the Langat River, Selangor system. The total sediment load was computed using Yang (1973) equation due to the high percentage of agreement between the predicted sediment load and measured sediment load. Almost 41.6% of the predicted data fall within the allowable discrepancy ratio test between the predicted value and measured value. The comparison of sand replenishment rate in high and low flow seasons proved that the river system has quicker capabilities in sand replenishment rate at the extraction point during the high-flow season compared to the latter by 83%. The quantifiable volume of the extractable sand rate is proposed specifically during low-flow months (May to September) whereby the slower replenishment rate is critical and riskier. The optimal sand mining volume during the low-flow months is calculated by reducing 10% from the total replenishment volume and the recommended optimum extraction load has been delivered by the number of 25 tons lorries for easier observation by the contractor and authority’s body. The monthly optimum extraction in Langat River during low-flow months is calculated at a minimum of 437 trucks to a maximum of 20,114 trucks per month.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45345785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. T. Padmaningrum, I. S. Y. Louise, Isti Yunita, K. Sugiyarto
The main purposes for this work are to formulate and characterize the infrared (IR) and magnetic moment of the compounds resulted from the slow titration of copper(II) nitrate with sodium hydroxide and in the reverse procedures in an aqueous solution. The titration is carried out with various concentrations and at a constant temperature, ⁓ 19 oC, and monitored using pH meter with the rate of the titration⁓ 1 mL per minute. The corresponding data of change in mole ratio of Cu2+/OH- against pH reveals that the end point of the titration occurs at pH about 8, leading to stoichiometry formula, 3Cu(NO3)2.5Cu(OH)2, but Cu(NO3)2.5Cu(OH)2 in the reverse procedure (OH-/Cu2+). The pale blue for the former but deep blue compounds were isolated and then characterized IR spectroscopy and magnetic moment. Both compounds containing nitrate ion are evident from the corresponding IR spectra, and their magnetic moment values which were found in the range of 1.7-1.9 BM, are to be normal for copper(II) salt corresponding to one unpaired electron in the electronic configuration.
{"title":"INFRARED SPECTRAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF BASIC COPPER(II) NITRATE PRODUCED BY SLOW TITRATION METHOD","authors":"R. T. Padmaningrum, I. S. Y. Louise, Isti Yunita, K. Sugiyarto","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol41no1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The main purposes for this work are to formulate and characterize the infrared (IR) and magnetic moment of the compounds resulted from the slow titration of copper(II) nitrate with sodium hydroxide and in the reverse procedures in an aqueous solution. The titration is carried out with various concentrations and at a constant temperature, ⁓ 19 oC, and monitored using pH meter with the rate of the titration⁓ 1 mL per minute. The corresponding data of change in mole ratio of Cu2+/OH- against pH reveals that the end point of the titration occurs at pH about 8, leading to stoichiometry formula, 3Cu(NO3)2.5Cu(OH)2, but Cu(NO3)2.5Cu(OH)2 in the reverse procedure (OH-/Cu2+). The pale blue for the former but deep blue compounds were isolated and then characterized IR spectroscopy and magnetic moment. Both compounds containing nitrate ion are evident from the corresponding IR spectra, and their magnetic moment values which were found in the range of 1.7-1.9 BM, are to be normal for copper(II) salt corresponding to one unpaired electron in the electronic configuration.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42914508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fehmeeda Afzal, Sami Ullah, A. Nadeem, M. Aslam, M. Shafi, K. Hasni, A. Hakeem, Sonia Tariq
The sea serves as a good source of food. The direct discharge of pollutants into aquatic environments can result in exceeded levels of heavy metals. This can harm the organisms and cause serious health issues when consumed by humans. Mugil cephalus is consumed as food, and its continuous analysis for heavy metals is required for food safety. Some selected metals – namely iron, copper, manganese, cobalt and lead – were evaluated in muscle tissues of Mugil cephalus collected from two major fish landing sites (i.e. Gaddani and Damb) along the Lasbela coast of Balochistan). The concentration of metals was determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer. For this purpose, several digestion methods were used to digest the meat for comparison. Using H2SO4, HNO3 and HClO4 was the most effective method, which is an important analytical finding for future researchers to consider. The concentrations of metals assumed the order of Fe > Cu > Pb > Mn > Co in samples from Gaddani and Fe > Cu > Mn > Pb > Co in samples taken from Damb. Among the metals analyzed, iron levels at Gaddani and Damb were found within the permissible values suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Copper and lead levels were higher than the safe limits in samples from both sites. The estimated daily and weekly metals intake in an average 70 kg person were lower than the limits proposed by the FAO and WHO for all metals. The overall results revealed that the selected fish species is safe for consumption and presents no hazardous effects on human health. However, Gaddani fish Harbor and Damb should be protected from the direct discharge of pollutants, and the future monitoring of M. cephalus fish is required to make sure the edible meat is safe for consumption.
海洋是一个很好的食物来源。直接向水生环境排放污染物会导致重金属超标。这可能会伤害生物体，并在被人类食用时导致严重的健康问题。牛头螺作为食物食用，需要对其进行持续的重金属分析，以确保食品安全。对从俾路支省Lasbela沿岸的两个主要鱼类登陆点(即Gaddani和Damb)收集的Mugil cephalus肌肉组织中的一些选定金属(即铁、铜、锰、钴和铅)进行了评估。金属的浓度是用原子吸收光谱仪测定的。为此，采用几种消化方法对肉进行消化比较。使用H2SO4、HNO3和HClO4是最有效的方法，这是未来研究人员需要考虑的重要分析发现。加达尼地区样品中金属的浓度为Fe > Cu > Pb > Mn b> Co, Damb地区样品中金属的浓度为Fe > Cu > Mn > Pb > Co。在分析的金属中，gadani和Damb的铁含量在世界卫生组织(WHO)、粮食及农业组织(FAO)和美国环境保护署(USEPA)建议的允许值范围内。这两个地点的样品中铜和铅的含量都高于安全限度。一个平均体重70公斤的人每天和每周的金属摄入量估计低于粮农组织和世界卫生组织建议的所有金属的限量。总体结果显示，所选鱼类可供安全食用，对人体健康没有有害影响。然而，Gaddani鱼港和Damb应防止污染物的直接排放，未来需要对头头鱼进行监测，以确保可食用的肉是安全的。
{"title":"MEASUREMENT OF IRON, MANGANESE, COPPER, COBALT AND LEAD TO ASSESS THE EDIBLE FITNESS OF M. CEPHALUS COLLECTED FROM LASBELA (BALOCHISTAN), PAKISTAN, USING ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY","authors":"Fehmeeda Afzal, Sami Ullah, A. Nadeem, M. Aslam, M. Shafi, K. Hasni, A. Hakeem, Sonia Tariq","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol41no1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The sea serves as a good source of food. The direct discharge of pollutants into aquatic environments can result in exceeded levels of heavy metals. This can harm the organisms and cause serious health issues when consumed by humans. Mugil cephalus is consumed as food, and its continuous analysis for heavy metals is required for food safety. Some selected metals – namely iron, copper, manganese, cobalt and lead – were evaluated in muscle tissues of Mugil cephalus collected from two major fish landing sites (i.e. Gaddani and Damb) along the Lasbela coast of Balochistan). The concentration of metals was determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer. For this purpose, several digestion methods were used to digest the meat for comparison. Using H2SO4, HNO3 and HClO4 was the most effective method, which is an important analytical finding for future researchers to consider. The concentrations of metals assumed the order of Fe > Cu > Pb > Mn > Co in samples from Gaddani and Fe > Cu > Mn > Pb > Co in samples taken from Damb. Among the metals analyzed, iron levels at Gaddani and Damb were found within the permissible values suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Copper and lead levels were higher than the safe limits in samples from both sites. The estimated daily and weekly metals intake in an average 70 kg person were lower than the limits proposed by the FAO and WHO for all metals. The overall results revealed that the selected fish species is safe for consumption and presents no hazardous effects on human health. However, Gaddani fish Harbor and Damb should be protected from the direct discharge of pollutants, and the future monitoring of M. cephalus fish is required to make sure the edible meat is safe for consumption.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45276766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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