Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.3
A. Al-Ibadi
This study evaluated the effectiveness of spectroscopy and imaging tools, using a previously-unexplored (0.2- 1.4) terahertz range, for investigating tumors in human tissue and distinguishing between malignant and benign cancer cells. One advantage of this technique is that terahertz radiation in this frequency range passes through human tissue without causing ionization or any negative effects To assess the effectiveness of this band of frequencies, THz data were collected from 10 different fresh breast tissue samples, extracted directly after excision. The optical properties were investigated at a range of low frequencies and THz imaging revealed good contrast between the different types of fresh tissue. Observations indicated that the optical and electrical properties in the low-frequency (0.3-0.5) range provided accurate information about breast cancer tissue. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the technique up to 0.5 THz for ex vivo studies in medical applications.
{"title":"EX VIVO TERAHERTZ IMAGING REFLECTION OF MALIGNANT AND BENIGN HUMAN BREAST TUMORS","authors":"A. Al-Ibadi","doi":"10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the effectiveness of spectroscopy and imaging tools, using a previously-unexplored (0.2- 1.4) terahertz range, for investigating tumors in human tissue and distinguishing between malignant and benign cancer cells. One advantage of this technique is that terahertz radiation in this frequency range passes through human tissue without causing ionization or any negative effects To assess the effectiveness of this band of frequencies, THz data were collected from 10 different fresh breast tissue samples, extracted directly after excision. The optical properties were investigated at a range of low frequencies and THz imaging revealed good contrast between the different types of fresh tissue. Observations indicated that the optical and electrical properties in the low-frequency (0.3-0.5) range provided accurate information about breast cancer tissue. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the technique up to 0.5 THz for ex vivo studies in medical applications.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46982096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.5
M. U. Romdhini, A. Nawawi
For a finite group G, let Z(G) be the centre of G. Then the non-commuting graph on G, denoted by ΓG, has GZ(G) as its vertex set with two distinct vertices vp and vq joined by an edge whenever vpvq ≠ vqvp. The degree sum matrix of a graph is a square matrix whose (p,q)-th entry is dvp + dvq whenever p is different from q, otherwise, it is zero, where dvi is the degree of the vertex vi. This study presents the general formula for the degree sum energy, EDS (ΓG), for the non-commuting graph of dihedral groups of order 2n, D2n, for all n ≥ 3.
{"title":"DEGREE SUM ENERGY OF NON-COMMUTING GRAPH FOR DIHEDRAL GROUPS","authors":"M. U. Romdhini, A. Nawawi","doi":"10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.5","url":null,"abstract":"For a finite group G, let Z(G) be the centre of G. Then the non-commuting graph on G, denoted by ΓG, has GZ(G) as its vertex set with two distinct vertices vp and vq joined by an edge whenever vpvq ≠ vqvp. The degree sum matrix of a graph is a square matrix whose (p,q)-th entry is dvp + dvq whenever p is different from q, otherwise, it is zero, where dvi is the degree of the vertex vi. This study presents the general formula for the degree sum energy, EDS (ΓG), for the non-commuting graph of dihedral groups of order 2n, D2n, for all n ≥ 3.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44567016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.2
F. Yunos, Rosimah Rosli, Norliana Muslim
A τ-adic non-adjacent form (TNAF) of an element α of the ring Z(τ) is an expansion whereby the digits are generated by iteratively dividing α by τ, allowing the remainders of -1,0 or 1. The application of TNAF as a multiplier of scalar multiplication (SM) on the Koblitz curve plays a key role in Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC). There are several patterns of TNAF (α) expansion in the form of [c0,0,…,0,cl-1 ], [c0,0,…,c(l-1)/2,…,0,c(l-1)], 2+2k, 3+4k, 5+4k and 8k1+8k2 that have been produced in prior work in the literature. However, the construction of their properties based upon pyramid number formulas such as Nichomacus’s theorem and Faulhaber’s formula remains to be rather complex. In this work, we derive such types of TNAF in a more concise manner by applying the power of Frobenius map (τm) based on v-simplex and arithmetic sequences.
{"title":"ON SOME PATTERNS OF TNAF FOR SCALAR MULTIPLICATION OVER KOBLITZ CURVE","authors":"F. Yunos, Rosimah Rosli, Norliana Muslim","doi":"10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.2","url":null,"abstract":"A τ-adic non-adjacent form (TNAF) of an element α of the ring Z(τ) is an expansion whereby the digits are generated by iteratively dividing α by τ, allowing the remainders of -1,0 or 1. The application of TNAF as a multiplier of scalar multiplication (SM) on the Koblitz curve plays a key role in Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC). There are several patterns of TNAF (α) expansion in the form of [c0,0,…,0,cl-1 ], [c0,0,…,c(l-1)/2,…,0,c(l-1)], 2+2k, 3+4k, 5+4k and 8k1+8k2 that have been produced in prior work in the literature. However, the construction of their properties based upon pyramid number formulas such as Nichomacus’s theorem and Faulhaber’s formula remains to be rather complex. In this work, we derive such types of TNAF in a more concise manner by applying the power of Frobenius map (τm) based on v-simplex and arithmetic sequences.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41564119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.6
M. U. Romdhini, A. Nawawi, Chen Chuei Yee
For a finite group G and a nonempty subset X of G, we construct a graph with a set of vertex X such that any pair of distinct vertices of X are adjacent if they are commuting elements in G. This graph is known as the commuting graph of G on X, denoted by ΓG [X]. The degree exponent sum (DES) matrix of a graph is a square matrix whose (p,q)-th entry is is dvp dvq + dvqdvp whenever p is different from q, otherwise, it is zero, where dvp (or dvq ) is the degree of the vertex vp (or vertex, vq) of a graph. This study presents results for the DES energy of commuting graph for dihedral groups of order 2n, using the absolute eigenvalues of its DES matrix.
{"title":"DEGREE EXPONENT SUM ENERGY OF COMMUTING GRAPH FOR DIHEDRAL GROUPS","authors":"M. U. Romdhini, A. Nawawi, Chen Chuei Yee","doi":"10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.6","url":null,"abstract":"For a finite group G and a nonempty subset X of G, we construct a graph with a set of vertex X such that any pair of distinct vertices of X are adjacent if they are commuting elements in G. This graph is known as the commuting graph of G on X, denoted by ΓG [X]. The degree exponent sum (DES) matrix of a graph is a square matrix whose (p,q)-th entry is is dvp dvq + dvqdvp whenever p is different from q, otherwise, it is zero, where dvp (or dvq ) is the degree of the vertex vp (or vertex, vq) of a graph. This study presents results for the DES energy of commuting graph for dihedral groups of order 2n, using the absolute eigenvalues of its DES matrix.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42811022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.4
Hassan S. Uraibi, Sawsan Abdul Ameer Haraj
The topic of detection outliers is one of the crucial topics that have been of interest to researchers in many scientific fields. The presence of outliers in the dataset may lead to the breakdown of the estimator of the method in use. The statistical literature has shown that several types of outliers occur according to the type and nature of the data. Therefore, the researchers concentrated on identifying the type of outliers of statistical models by using two diagnostic procedures, individual and grouped. Unfortunately, the first procedure neglects the effect of the phenomenon of (masking and swamping). In contrast, the second procedure has not been able to eliminate this phenomenon ideally but rather reduce the rates of its appearance. This paper seeks to suggest improving one of the well-known group diagnostic methods (DRGP) by using an RMVN location and scale matrix instead of MVE to reduce the effect of (swamping). A newly proposed method denoted as DRGP(RMVN) is tested with a simulation study and real data. The results have shown that the performance of our proposed method is more efficient than (DRGP.MVE) to reduce the swamping points.
{"title":"GROUP DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF OUTLIERS IN MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL","authors":"Hassan S. Uraibi, Sawsan Abdul Ameer Haraj","doi":"10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of detection outliers is one of the crucial topics that have been of interest to researchers in many scientific fields. The presence of outliers in the dataset may lead to the breakdown of the estimator of the method in use. The statistical literature has shown that several types of outliers occur according to the type and nature of the data. Therefore, the researchers concentrated on identifying the type of outliers of statistical models by using two diagnostic procedures, individual and grouped. Unfortunately, the first procedure neglects the effect of the phenomenon of (masking and swamping). In contrast, the second procedure has not been able to eliminate this phenomenon ideally but rather reduce the rates of its appearance. This paper seeks to suggest improving one of the well-known group diagnostic methods (DRGP) by using an RMVN location and scale matrix instead of MVE to reduce the effect of (swamping). A newly proposed method denoted as DRGP(RMVN) is tested with a simulation study and real data. The results have shown that the performance of our proposed method is more efficient than (DRGP.MVE) to reduce the swamping points.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46530937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.1
Amir Hamzah Abd Abd Ghafar
The concept of public-key cryptography introduced the notion of a digital signature scheme. In the era of online and digital communications, a signature scheme that works perfectly to achieve the goals of cryptography- confidentiality, authentication, data integrity, and non-repudiation, is urgently needed. However, every cryptosystem, including a digital signature scheme requires a well-defined difficult mathematical problem as its fundamental security strength, as demonstrated by the Diffie-Hellman key exchange with its discrete logarithm problem (DLP). Another problem called BFHP used by the AAβ-encryption scheme, has also withstood any destructive cryptanalysis since the scheme was introduced in 2013. Later, a digital signature scheme was introduced that combines both BFHP and DLP as difficult mathematical problems. Mathematical cryptanalysis was also performed against this scheme to test its security strength. This paper presents new cryptanalysis of the signing scheme. While the previous cryptanalysis focused only on BFHP, the obtained new results showed some improvement by scrutinizing the other difficult mathematical problem, DLP. In addition, several potential attacks on the future implementation by introducing side-channel and man-in-the-middle attacks against the scheme also will be discussed in this work. The countermeasures for each attack to enable the best-practice implementation of the scheme are also presented.
{"title":"AN UPDATED CRYPTANALYSIS ON THE BFHP-DLP SIGNING SCHEME","authors":"Amir Hamzah Abd Abd Ghafar","doi":"10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of public-key cryptography introduced the notion of a digital signature scheme. In the era of online and digital communications, a signature scheme that works perfectly to achieve the goals of cryptography- confidentiality, authentication, data integrity, and non-repudiation, is urgently needed. However, every cryptosystem, including a digital signature scheme requires a well-defined difficult mathematical problem as its fundamental security strength, as demonstrated by the Diffie-Hellman key exchange with its discrete logarithm problem (DLP). Another problem called BFHP used by the AAβ-encryption scheme, has also withstood any destructive cryptanalysis since the scheme was introduced in 2013. Later, a digital signature scheme was introduced that combines both BFHP and DLP as difficult mathematical problems. Mathematical cryptanalysis was also performed against this scheme to test its security strength. This paper presents new cryptanalysis of the signing scheme. While the previous cryptanalysis focused only on BFHP, the obtained new results showed some improvement by scrutinizing the other difficult mathematical problem, DLP. In addition, several potential attacks on the future implementation by introducing side-channel and man-in-the-middle attacks against the scheme also will be discussed in this work. The countermeasures for each attack to enable the best-practice implementation of the scheme are also presented.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49083422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The energy spectra of particle arrive the ground is a significant observable in the analysis of extensive air showers (EAS). The energy distribution at ground is studied for (12C,56Fe, p, and 28Si ) primary particles with high primary energies (1017, 1018, 1019 and 1020) eV with two zenith angles 0o and 30o. 960 EAS showers are simulated using Monte-Carlo program Aires version (19.04.00) with the models of hadronic interaction (EPOS-LHC, QGSJET-II-04, and Sibyll2.3c). In this study we investigated various secondary particles that arrive the ground and deposit a portion of their energy on ground detectors. The analyzed results show that the distinction in the energy distribution at ground is bigger for primary proton than carbon, iron nuclei, and silicon at higher energies and vertical showers.
{"title":"INVESTIGATING THE GROUND ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICLES PRODUCED IN EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS","authors":"Itab Wajid, A. AL-RUBAIEE","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The energy spectra of particle arrive the ground is a significant observable in the analysis of extensive air showers (EAS). The energy distribution at ground is studied for (12C,56Fe, p, and 28Si ) primary particles with high primary energies (1017, 1018, 1019 and 1020) eV with two zenith angles 0o and 30o. 960 EAS showers are simulated using Monte-Carlo program Aires version (19.04.00) with the models of hadronic interaction (EPOS-LHC, QGSJET-II-04, and Sibyll2.3c). In this study we investigated various secondary particles that arrive the ground and deposit a portion of their energy on ground detectors. The analyzed results show that the distinction in the energy distribution at ground is bigger for primary proton than carbon, iron nuclei, and silicon at higher energies and vertical showers.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44355184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dose rate for bremsstrahlung radiation from beta particles with energy (1.710) MeV and (2.28) MeV which comes from (32P and 90Y) beta source respectively have been calculated through six materials (polyethylene, wood, aluminum, iron, tungsten and lead) for first shielding material with thickness (x=1) mm which are putting between beta sources and second shield (polyethylene, aluminum and lead) with thickness (1, 2 &4) mm have been calculated. The distance between beta source and second shield is constant (D=1) cm. This dose rate was found by program called Rad Pro Calculator (version 3.26). The results of dose rate of beta particles were plotted as a function to the atomic number (Z) for first shield materials for each type and each thickness of second shield and each beta energy. The results of bremsstrahlung dose rate show clearly that this value increased with increased beta particle energy and the atomic number for second shield material. While bremsstrahlung dose rate reduced with rise of the width of second shield.
通过六种材料(聚乙烯、木材、铝、铁、钨和铅)计算了来自(32P和90Y) β源的能量分别为(1.710)MeV和(2.28)MeV的β粒子的轫致辐射剂量率，并计算了位于β源之间的厚度为(x=1) mm的第一屏蔽材料和厚度为(1、2和4)mm的第二屏蔽材料(聚乙烯、铝和铅)。源和第二屏蔽之间的距离是恒定的(D=1)厘米。这个剂量率是由一个名为Rad Pro Calculator(3.26版)的程序计算出来的。对每种类型的第一层屏蔽材料、第二层屏蔽材料的每一层厚度和每一层能量，绘制了β粒子剂量率与原子序数(Z)的函数图。轫致辐射剂量率的结果清楚地表明，该值随粒子能量的增加和第二屏蔽材料原子序数的增加而增加。而轫致辐射剂量率随第二屏蔽宽度的增大而减小。
{"title":"STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BREMSSTRAHLUNG DOSE RATE AND THE ENERGY OF BETA RAY FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF SHIELD","authors":"A. Mkhaiber, Naz T. Jarallah","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The dose rate for bremsstrahlung radiation from beta particles with energy (1.710) MeV and (2.28) MeV which comes from (32P and 90Y) beta source respectively have been calculated through six materials (polyethylene, wood, aluminum, iron, tungsten and lead) for first shielding material with thickness (x=1) mm which are putting between beta sources and second shield (polyethylene, aluminum and lead) with thickness (1, 2 &4) mm have been calculated. The distance between beta source and second shield is constant (D=1) cm. This dose rate was found by program called Rad Pro Calculator (version 3.26). The results of dose rate of beta particles were plotted as a function to the atomic number (Z) for first shield materials for each type and each thickness of second shield and each beta energy. The results of bremsstrahlung dose rate show clearly that this value increased with increased beta particle energy and the atomic number for second shield material. While bremsstrahlung dose rate reduced with rise of the width of second shield.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41596701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A no-claim event is a common scenario in insurance and the abundance of no-claim events can be described adequately by zero-inflated models. The zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression models from frequentist and Bayesian approaches are considered for fitting to Malaysia’s motor insurance data. The results from the fittings are compared using mean absolute deviation and mean squared prediction error. The data is categorized into three claim types and the factors considered for regression modelling are coverage type, vehicle age, vehicle cubic capacity and vehicle make. The results from the fittings showed that the ZIP model from both approaches provide better fit than the ZINB model. Also, both ZIP and ZINB models from the Bayesian approach provide better fitting than the frequentist models. Therefore, Bayesian ZIP is the best model in explaining motor insurance claim frequency in Malaysia for all three claim types. From the best regression models, vehicle age, coverage type and vehicle make are the most influential factors in determining the frequency of claim for each claim type. Vehicle age and coverage type have positive effect on the frequency of claim whereas the vehicle make has negative effect on the frequency of claim.
{"title":"FREQUENTIST AND BAYESIAN ZERO-INFLATED REGRESSION MODELS ON INSURANCE CLAIM FREQUENCY: A COMPARISON STUDY USING MALAYSIA’S MOTOR INSURANCE DATA","authors":"Razik Ridzuan Mohd Tajuddin, N. Ismail","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.2","url":null,"abstract":"A no-claim event is a common scenario in insurance and the abundance of no-claim events can be described adequately by zero-inflated models. The zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression models from frequentist and Bayesian approaches are considered for fitting to Malaysia’s motor insurance data. The results from the fittings are compared using mean absolute deviation and mean squared prediction error. The data is categorized into three claim types and the factors considered for regression modelling are coverage type, vehicle age, vehicle cubic capacity and vehicle make. The results from the fittings showed that the ZIP model from both approaches provide better fit than the ZINB model. Also, both ZIP and ZINB models from the Bayesian approach provide better fitting than the frequentist models. Therefore, Bayesian ZIP is the best model in explaining motor insurance claim frequency in Malaysia for all three claim types. From the best regression models, vehicle age, coverage type and vehicle make are the most influential factors in determining the frequency of claim for each claim type. Vehicle age and coverage type have positive effect on the frequency of claim whereas the vehicle make has negative effect on the frequency of claim.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48849393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to improve the radiation shielding properties of polymer-based materials by mixing PVC with locally available building materials. Specifically, two key parameters of fast neutron attenuation (removal cross-section and half-value layer) were studied for composite materials comprising PVC reinforced with common building materials (cement, sand, gypsum and marble) in different proportions (10%, 30% and 50% by weight). To assess their effectiveness as protection against fast neutrons, the macroscopic neutron cross-section was calculated for each composite. Results show that neutron cross-section values are significantly affected by the reinforcement ratios, and that the composite material PVC + 50% gypsum is an effective shield against fast neutrons.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF FAST NEURON ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS FOR SOME IRAQI BUILDING MATERIALS","authors":"A. Mkhaiber, A. Al-Bayati, Itab Fadhil","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.7","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to improve the radiation shielding properties of polymer-based materials by mixing PVC with locally available building materials. Specifically, two key parameters of fast neutron attenuation (removal cross-section and half-value layer) were studied for composite materials comprising PVC reinforced with common building materials (cement, sand, gypsum and marble) in different proportions (10%, 30% and 50% by weight). To assess their effectiveness as protection against fast neutrons, the macroscopic neutron cross-section was calculated for each composite. Results show that neutron cross-section values are significantly affected by the reinforcement ratios, and that the composite material PVC + 50% gypsum is an effective shield against fast neutrons.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47551212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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