Fatin Iffah Rasyiqah Mohamad Zoolkefli, Pei See Go, B. Tan, N. A. Rejab, R. Y. Othman, N. Khalid
Abstract Plant systems have now gained much attention as they provide low risk of pathogen contamination and cost of production, appropriate post-translational modification, and multimeric assembly capability compared to the mammalian and bacterial hosts. In this study, we aimed to produce single-chain fragment antibody (scFv) encoding anti-Toxoplasma proteins, TP60 in Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR1. Leaf explants of N. tabacum were infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring binary vector pCAMBIA1304 containing TP60 gene. Putative transformants were confirmed through GUS and GFP qualitative assays. Bands observed at the predicted size of 914 bp confirmed the presence of TP60 transgene and the transgene was stably integrated in both T0 and T1 tobacco genome. FV12-6 transgenic line produced the highest mRNA expression (7-fold) correlated to the highest accumulation of anti-Toxoplasma recombinant scFv antibody (0.52 % of the total soluble protein), followed by FV16-10 (0.25 %), FV17-7 and FV3-11 (0.18 %). The expression of TP60 transgene did not affect the growth of the transgenic plants and the segregation analysis of FV3, FV12, and FV16 in T1 generation confirmed the transgene integration within a single locus according to 3:1 Mendelian’s law. These findings indicated the possibility of using plants as a bio-factory for recombinant protein production. Abstrak Sistem tumbuhan kini telah mendapat banyak perhatian kerana mereka menyediakan risiko yang rendah terhadap pencemaran patogen dan kos pengeluaran, pengubahsuaian pasca-protein translasi yang sesuai, dan keupayaan penggabungan multimerik berbanding dengan tentera mamalia dan bakteria. Dalam kajian ini, kami berhasrat untuk menghasilkan antibodi serasi rantaian tunggal (scFv) yang mengekodkan protein anti-Toxoplasma, TP60 di Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR1. Eksplan daun N. tabacum telah dijangkiti oleh Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 yang menyimpan vektor dedua pCAMBIA1304 yang mengandungi gen TP60. Transforman putative disahkan melalui ujian kualitatif GUS dan GFP. Band-band yang diperhatikan pada saiz ramalan 914 bp mengesahkan kehadiran TP60 transgen dan transgen tersebut telah diintegrasi secara stabil dalam genom tembakau T0 dan T1. Individu transgenik FV12-6 menghasilkan ekspresi mRNA tertinggi (7 kali ganda) berkait dengan pengumpulan tertinggi antibodi rekombinan scFv anti-Toxoplasma (0.52% daripada jumlah protein larut), diikuti oleh FV16-10 (0.25%), FV17-7 dan FV3-11 (0.18%). Ungkapan transgenik TP60 tidak menjejaskan pertumbuhan tumbuhan transgenik dan analisis pemisahan FV3, FV12, dan FV16 dalam generasi T1 mengesahkan integrasi transgene dalam satu lokus mengikut 3: 1 undang-undang Mendelian. Penemuan ini menunjukkan kemungkinan menggunakan tumbuhan sebagai kilang bio untuk pengeluaran protein rekombinan. Keywords Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, plant molecular farming, recombinant protein, single-chain fragment antibody (scFv), tobacco, toxop
{"title":"NICOTIANA TABACUM AS A POTENTIAL PLATFORM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT ANTI-TOXOPLASMA SINGLE-CHAIN VARIABLE FRAGMENT (scFv) ANTIBODY","authors":"Fatin Iffah Rasyiqah Mohamad Zoolkefli, Pei See Go, B. Tan, N. A. Rejab, R. Y. Othman, N. Khalid","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Plant systems have now gained much attention as they provide low risk of pathogen contamination and cost of production, appropriate post-translational modification, and multimeric assembly capability compared to the mammalian and bacterial hosts. In this study, we aimed to produce single-chain fragment antibody (scFv) encoding anti-Toxoplasma proteins, TP60 in Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR1. Leaf explants of N. tabacum were infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring binary vector pCAMBIA1304 containing TP60 gene. Putative transformants were confirmed through GUS and GFP qualitative assays. Bands observed at the predicted size of 914 bp confirmed the presence of TP60 transgene and the transgene was stably integrated in both T0 and T1 tobacco genome. FV12-6 transgenic line produced the highest mRNA expression (7-fold) correlated to the highest accumulation of anti-Toxoplasma recombinant scFv antibody (0.52 % of the total soluble protein), followed by FV16-10 (0.25 %), FV17-7 and FV3-11 (0.18 %). The expression of TP60 transgene did not affect the growth of the transgenic plants and the segregation analysis of FV3, FV12, and FV16 in T1 generation confirmed the transgene integration within a single locus according to 3:1 Mendelian’s law. These findings indicated the possibility of using plants as a bio-factory for recombinant protein production. \u0000 \u0000Abstrak \u0000Sistem tumbuhan kini telah mendapat banyak perhatian kerana mereka menyediakan risiko yang rendah terhadap pencemaran patogen dan kos pengeluaran, pengubahsuaian pasca-protein translasi yang sesuai, dan keupayaan penggabungan multimerik berbanding dengan tentera mamalia dan bakteria. Dalam kajian ini, kami berhasrat untuk menghasilkan antibodi serasi rantaian tunggal (scFv) yang mengekodkan protein anti-Toxoplasma, TP60 di Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR1. Eksplan daun N. tabacum telah dijangkiti oleh Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 yang menyimpan vektor dedua pCAMBIA1304 yang mengandungi gen TP60. Transforman putative disahkan melalui ujian kualitatif GUS dan GFP. Band-band yang diperhatikan pada saiz ramalan 914 bp mengesahkan kehadiran TP60 transgen dan transgen tersebut telah diintegrasi secara stabil dalam genom tembakau T0 dan T1. Individu transgenik FV12-6 menghasilkan ekspresi mRNA tertinggi (7 kali ganda) berkait dengan pengumpulan tertinggi antibodi rekombinan scFv anti-Toxoplasma (0.52% daripada jumlah protein larut), diikuti oleh FV16-10 (0.25%), FV17-7 dan FV3-11 (0.18%). Ungkapan transgenik TP60 tidak menjejaskan pertumbuhan tumbuhan transgenik dan analisis pemisahan FV3, FV12, dan FV16 dalam generasi T1 mengesahkan integrasi transgene dalam satu lokus mengikut 3: 1 undang-undang Mendelian. Penemuan ini menunjukkan kemungkinan menggunakan tumbuhan sebagai kilang bio untuk pengeluaran protein rekombinan. \u0000 \u0000Keywords \u0000Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, plant molecular farming, recombinant protein, single-chain fragment antibody (scFv), tobacco, toxop","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44201608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ernani Lubis, Retno Muninggar, B. Iskandar, John Haluan
The existence of the Nizam Zachman Oceanique Fishing Port (NZOFP)-Jakarta had a socio-economic impact on the people in areas around the fishing port considered as buffer zones. the negative impact was observed on the environment in the forms of waste disposal (into waters and land), decreasing water quality, the emergence of odors and unavailability of clean water. The research used a case study approach with case units in the forms of stakeholders and the community perceptions around NZOFP. The analysis of the socio-economic aspects of the existing condition at NZOFP refers to the socio-economic data in the area around NZOFP, namely Penjaringan Muara Baru District, North Jakarta. The analyzed aspects were: (1) the number of workers involved in the NZOFP area; (2) Community income (respondent) and (3) Community perception of the existence of the NZOFP. The ratio of the number of workers in NZOFP and the total workforce in the Penjaringan area of North Jakarta was 82%. This number suggests that labor absorption through the sample data has met the standard of at least 20%. The results of the income analysis showed that 50% of the respondents had income above Rp. 3,100,000 (above the Minimum Wage of Workers in DKI Jakarta). The analysis of respondents 'perceptions of the exis NZOFP were in Medium (25%); Good (54%) and Very Good (19%). The analysis of respondents' behavior in disposing of garbage showed that knowledge and habit variables were factors influencing behavior, while the educational level did not affect.
雅加达尼扎姆扎克曼海洋渔港(NZOFP)的存在对被视为缓冲区的渔港周围地区的人民产生了社会经济影响。观察到对环境的负面影响表现为废物处置(进入水域和土地)、水质下降、出现异味和无法获得清洁水。该研究采用了案例研究方法，以利益相关者和社区对NZOFP的看法为案例单位。对NZOFP现有状况的社会经济方面的分析参考了NZOFP周围地区的社会经济数据，即雅加达北部的Penjaringan Muara Baru区。分析的方面是:(1)NZOFP区域涉及的工人数量;(2)社区收入(受访者)和(3)社区对NZOFP存在的看法。NZOFP的工人人数与雅加达北部Penjaringan地区的总劳动力人数的比例为82%。这个数字表明，通过样本数据，劳动力吸收率至少达到了20%的标准。收入分析的结果显示，50%的受访者收入超过3,100,000印尼盾(高于DKI雅加达工人的最低工资)。受访者对现有NZOFP的认知分析为中等(25%);好(54%)和非常好(19%)。对被调查者垃圾处理行为的分析表明，知识和习惯变量是影响行为的因素，而受教育程度不受影响。
{"title":"THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NIZAM ZACHMAN OCEANIQUE FISHING PORT ACTIVITIES ON THE COMMUNITY AND ITS SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT","authors":"Ernani Lubis, Retno Muninggar, B. Iskandar, John Haluan","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of the Nizam Zachman Oceanique Fishing Port (NZOFP)-Jakarta had a socio-economic impact on the people in areas around the fishing port considered as buffer zones. the negative impact was observed on the environment in the forms of waste disposal (into waters and land), decreasing water quality, the emergence of odors and unavailability of clean water. The research used a case study approach with case units in the forms of stakeholders and the community perceptions around NZOFP. The analysis of the socio-economic aspects of the existing condition at NZOFP refers to the socio-economic data in the area around NZOFP, namely Penjaringan Muara Baru District, North Jakarta. The analyzed aspects were: (1) the number of workers involved in the NZOFP area; (2) Community income (respondent) and (3) Community perception of the existence of the NZOFP. The ratio of the number of workers in NZOFP and the total workforce in the Penjaringan area of North Jakarta was 82%. This number suggests that labor absorption through the sample data has met the standard of at least 20%. The results of the income analysis showed that 50% of the respondents had income above Rp. 3,100,000 (above the Minimum Wage of Workers in DKI Jakarta). The analysis of respondents 'perceptions of the exis NZOFP were in Medium (25%); Good (54%) and Very Good (19%). The analysis of respondents' behavior in disposing of garbage showed that knowledge and habit variables were factors influencing behavior, while the educational level did not affect.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"39 1","pages":"27-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47886818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurnadiah Roslan, Teh Ser Huy, L. Kee, N. Rahman, Z. Mohamed
Over the years, hundreds of potentially important and useful compounds from Boesenbergia rotunda (B. rotunda) have been successfully isolated and studied as these compounds have been shown to exhibit pharmacological and traditional medicinal properties in treating illness and diseases. BrCHS2 transcript was chosen to be introduced into B. rotunda cell suspension culture for further study due to its higher abundance in rhizome as reported from previous study. Later, a high-throughput large-scale RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to generate massive transcriptome sequence data. This data was further analysed to understand the influence of BrCHS2 transcript overexpression in suspension cultures of B. rotunda. A total of 102,195 unigenes with an average length of 1008bp (N50: 1646bp) were assembled where 65.8% of them (67,251 unigenes) were successfully cross-referenced to several databases for gene annotation. To comprehensively examine the regulation of genes associated with flavonoids accumulation, RNA-Seq analysis of WT and TL cell suspension cultures were performed. Based on the distribution of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 305 up-regulated genes and 181 down-regulated genes which were consistently shown in all three group of comparisons (WTs vs TLs), indicated that there were relatively higher numbers of upregulated genes in the transgenic suspension cultures compared to the wild-types as a result of BrCHS2 overexpression. However, further comparative analysis against the KEGG database highlighted the fact that flavonoid and related downstream pathways were down-regulated, which is deviated from our assumption. Also, due to the overexpression of BrCHS2 transcript, unigenes that are responsible in the plant-pathogen interaction pathway also increased as a response towards stress, indicating an important function on plant resistance. With a sufficient amount of data and transcripts obtained, potential unigenes that could be used for the biosynthesis of specific compounds such as flavonoids and plant defence metabolites in B. rotunda could be identified. Also, from these analyses, there is a potential biosynthesis pathway diverges from main pathways could be strongly supported and suggested.
多年来，数百种潜在的重要和有用的化合物已被成功分离和研究，因为这些化合物已被证明在治疗疾病和疾病方面具有药理和传统的药用特性。由于BrCHS2转录本在根茎中的丰度较高，因此选择BrCHS2转录本导入圆圆草细胞悬浮培养进行进一步研究。随后，使用高通量大规模RNA测序(RNA- seq)产生大量转录组序列数据。我们进一步分析了BrCHS2转录本过表达对圆圆圆芽孢杆菌悬浮培养的影响。共组装了102,195个平均长度为1008bp (N50: 1646bp)的unigenes，其中65.8%(67,251个)的unigenes成功地与多个数据库交叉引用进行基因注释。为了全面研究黄酮类化合物积累相关基因的调控，我们对WT和TL细胞悬浮培养进行了RNA-Seq分析。根据差异表达基因(deg)的分布，三组比较中均一致显示305个上调基因和181个下调基因(WTs vs TLs)，表明BrCHS2过表达导致转基因悬浮培养中相对于野生型存在较多的上调基因。然而，通过对KEGG数据库的进一步比较分析，我们发现类黄酮及其相关下游通路被下调，这与我们的假设不符。此外，由于BrCHS2转录物的过表达，植物与病原体相互作用途径的相关基因也随着胁迫的响应而增加，表明其在植物抗性中起重要作用。在获得足够数量的数据和转录本后，可以鉴定出可能用于圆形圆藻中黄酮类化合物和植物防御代谢物等特定化合物的生物合成的潜在单基因。此外，从这些分析中，可以强烈支持和建议一种潜在的生物合成途径偏离主要途径。
{"title":"ANALYSES OF BOESENBERGIA ROTUNDA CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES WITH OVEREXPRESSED CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) MANIFESTING CHANGES ON THE EXPRESSION LEVEL OF FLAVONOID-RELATED GENES","authors":"Nurnadiah Roslan, Teh Ser Huy, L. Kee, N. Rahman, Z. Mohamed","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, hundreds of potentially important and useful compounds from Boesenbergia rotunda (B. rotunda) have been successfully isolated and studied as these compounds have been shown to exhibit pharmacological and traditional medicinal properties in treating illness and diseases. BrCHS2 transcript was chosen to be introduced into B. rotunda cell suspension culture for further study due to its higher abundance in rhizome as reported from previous study. Later, a high-throughput large-scale RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to generate massive transcriptome sequence data. This data was further analysed to understand the influence of BrCHS2 transcript overexpression in suspension cultures of B. rotunda. A total of 102,195 unigenes with an average length of 1008bp (N50: 1646bp) were assembled where 65.8% of them (67,251 unigenes) were successfully cross-referenced to several databases for gene annotation. To comprehensively examine the regulation of genes associated with flavonoids accumulation, RNA-Seq analysis of WT and TL cell suspension cultures were performed. Based on the distribution of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 305 up-regulated genes and 181 down-regulated genes which were consistently shown in all three group of comparisons (WTs vs TLs), indicated that there were relatively higher numbers of upregulated genes in the transgenic suspension cultures compared to the wild-types as a result of BrCHS2 overexpression. However, further comparative analysis against the KEGG database highlighted the fact that flavonoid and related downstream pathways were down-regulated, which is deviated from our assumption. Also, due to the overexpression of BrCHS2 transcript, unigenes that are responsible in the plant-pathogen interaction pathway also increased as a response towards stress, indicating an important function on plant resistance. With a sufficient amount of data and transcripts obtained, potential unigenes that could be used for the biosynthesis of specific compounds such as flavonoids and plant defence metabolites in B. rotunda could be identified. Also, from these analyses, there is a potential biosynthesis pathway diverges from main pathways could be strongly supported and suggested.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42248576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reproductive systems of three sacoglossan species, Elysia bangtawaensis Swennen, 1998, E. leucolegnote Jensen, 1990, and E. singaporensis Swennen, 2011, were analyzed using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, whole mount technique and a stereomicroscope in order to investigate its reproductive system. Elysia bangtawaensis and E. leucolegnote were collected from a waterway in the tidal area of the mangrove forest around Pattani Bay, Thailand, and E. singaporensis was collected from old mangrove forest bordering east side of Sungai Buloh Wetland Park, Singapore. The differences and similarities of reproductive system among three species are:1) Elysia bangtawaensis and E. leucolegnote have separate male and female follicles, but in E. singaporensis, the follicles were not separated; 2)penis in all three species has conical shape without a stylet but minor morphological differences were found; 3) all species have triaulic reproductive systems including a vaginal duct, a vas deferens and an oviduct; 4) absence of seminal receptacle, genital receptacle and ampulla in E. bangtawaensis unlike that in other two Elysia species in which which genital receptacle and ampulla are found. There is one ampulla on each side of E. leucolegnote, and four on each side of E. singaporensis. This information of the reproductive systems of the three species can serve as the basis for future comparative studies with other Plakobranchacea.
摘要利用光镜、扫描电镜、全载技术和体视显微镜对1998年的Elysia bangtawaensis Swennen、1990年的E. leucolegnote Jensen和2011年的E. singaporensis Swennen三种棘舌目植物的生殖系统进行了分析。Elysia bangtawaensis和E. leucolegnote采自泰国北大年湾附近红树林潮汐区的水道，E. singaporensis采自新加坡Sungai Buloh湿地公园东侧的老红树林。3种植物生殖系统的异同点有:1)邦塔waensis (Elysia bangtawaensis)和leucolegnote (E. leucolegnote)雌雄卵泡分离，而新加坡E. singapore (E. singaporensis)雌雄卵泡不分离;2)三种植物的阴茎均呈圆锥形，无花柱，但形态差异较小;3)所有物种都有三联生殖系统，包括阴道导管、输精管和输卵管;4)与其他两种有生殖托和壶腹的鞘翅属植物不同，bangtawaensis没有精囊、生殖托和壶腹。leucolegnote的两边各有一个壶腹，新加坡壶腹的两边各有四个壶腹。这三个物种的生殖系统信息可以作为今后与其他斑鳃科动物进行比较研究的基础。
{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF ELYSIABANGTAWAENSIS SWENNEN, 1998, ELYSIA LEUCOLEGNOTE JENSEN, 1990, AND ELYSIA SINGAPORENSIS SWENNEN, 2011 (GASTROPODA: SACOGLOSSA: PLAKOBRANCHIDAE)","authors":"P. Sirinupong, Somsak Buatip","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive systems of three sacoglossan species, Elysia bangtawaensis Swennen, 1998, E. leucolegnote Jensen, 1990, and E. singaporensis Swennen, 2011, were analyzed using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, whole mount technique and a stereomicroscope in order to investigate its reproductive system. Elysia bangtawaensis and E. leucolegnote were collected from a waterway in the tidal area of the mangrove forest around Pattani Bay, Thailand, and E. singaporensis was collected from old mangrove forest bordering east side of Sungai Buloh Wetland Park, Singapore. The differences and similarities of reproductive system among three species are:1) Elysia bangtawaensis and E. leucolegnote have separate male and female follicles, but in E. singaporensis, the follicles were not separated; 2)penis in all three species has conical shape without a stylet but minor morphological differences were found; 3) all species have triaulic reproductive systems including a vaginal duct, a vas deferens and an oviduct; 4) absence of seminal receptacle, genital receptacle and ampulla in E. bangtawaensis unlike that in other two Elysia species in which which genital receptacle and ampulla are found. There is one ampulla on each side of E. leucolegnote, and four on each side of E. singaporensis. This information of the reproductive systems of the three species can serve as the basis for future comparative studies with other Plakobranchacea.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"39 1","pages":"41-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45847394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Vejayan, Yasmin Amira Che Yahya, S. Chakravarthi, Rupbansraaj Bathmanathan, H. Ibrahim, Aida Yun
This study compared the aphrodisiac ability of Tongkat Ali Merah (red type) or Stema tuberosa to Tongkat Ali Putih (white type) or E. longifolia. Fowls dosed orally with capsule containing E. longifolia and S. tuberosa respectively for 30 days followed by determining the efficacy by evaluating their sexual mating behavior parameters, testosterone blood level and histology of testicular tissue. Safety parameters included biochemical levels and histology of the liver. Both types of Tongkat Ali shown increases in testosterone levels (7.7±0.59 nmol/L and 6.25±0.70 nmol/L and 4.08±0.85 nmol/L; E. longifolia, S. tuberosa and control fowls, respectively) as well as testicular histology showing seminiferous tubules with increased cellularity with no evidence of inflammation or fibrosis compared to the control to indicate as testosterone boosters. All biochemical parameters tested shown to be within the control values except for alanine aminotransferase of E. longifolia i.e. 23.50±6.36 u/L (control = 8.00±2.94 u/L). Additionally, some moderate tissue changes (focal areas of congestion of central vein and periportal scattered inflammation) were visible for the liver taken from E. longifolia treated fowls. S. tuberosa found without any untoward effects. Tongkat Ali Merah hereby been confirmed to boost testosterone in fowls although not as effective as Tongkat Ali Putih.
{"title":"TONGKAT ALI PLANTS OF EURYCOMA LONGIFOLIA AND STEMA TUBEROSA STIMULATE SEXUAL AROUSAL IN DOMESTIC COCKS","authors":"J. Vejayan, Yasmin Amira Che Yahya, S. Chakravarthi, Rupbansraaj Bathmanathan, H. Ibrahim, Aida Yun","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the aphrodisiac ability of Tongkat Ali Merah (red type) or Stema tuberosa to Tongkat Ali Putih (white type) or E. longifolia. Fowls dosed orally with capsule containing E. longifolia and S. tuberosa respectively for 30 days followed by determining the efficacy by evaluating their sexual mating behavior parameters, testosterone blood level and histology of testicular tissue. Safety parameters included biochemical levels and histology of the liver. Both types of Tongkat Ali shown increases in testosterone levels (7.7±0.59 nmol/L and 6.25±0.70 nmol/L and 4.08±0.85 nmol/L; E. longifolia, S. tuberosa and control fowls, respectively) as well as testicular histology showing seminiferous tubules with increased cellularity with no evidence of inflammation or fibrosis compared to the control to indicate as testosterone boosters. All biochemical parameters tested shown to be within the control values except for alanine aminotransferase of E. longifolia i.e. 23.50±6.36 u/L (control = 8.00±2.94 u/L). Additionally, some moderate tissue changes (focal areas of congestion of central vein and periportal scattered inflammation) were visible for the liver taken from E. longifolia treated fowls. S. tuberosa found without any untoward effects. Tongkat Ali Merah hereby been confirmed to boost testosterone in fowls although not as effective as Tongkat Ali Putih.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47251814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil termiticide treatment is a key strategy in controlling the termite population and infestation by creating a continuous barrier encompassing the structures. Termiticides, however, may dissipate for a variety of reasons such as a half-life, a degradation rate, a leaching activity, and a storage method. This study aimed to evaluate the optimum storage conditions for three most commonly used termiticides i.e. bifenthrin, fipronil, and imidacloprid. The evaluation was made by examining Active Ingredients (AIs) of each termiticide using two sets of bottle colors (black and white) and different storage spaces (in car and store) within 30 days. The results revealed that the bottle colors (F: 0.181, df= 1, P= 0.672) and storage places (F= 5.495, df= 1, P= 0.977) did not significantly affect the concentration of termiticides after 30 days. It further demonstrated that the tested termiticides were unstable in an aqueous solution after 30 days due to hydrolysis. The half-life values were recorded at 7.45 days (bifenthrin), 3.98 days (fipronil) and 9.42 days (imidacloprid), respectively. The black and white bottles showed no significant effect on termiticide concentrations, indicating that photodegradation could occur regardless of the termiticides were stored in the store or in the car. Fipronil was the least effective termiticide as its residual reduced to half after three days of mixing. Hence, it is recommended that any termiticide must be immediately used after mixing to avoid photodegradation and hydrolysis.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF OPTIMUM CONDITIONS FOR SOIL TERMITICIDES STORAGE IN TROPICAL CLIMATE","authors":"M. Rashid, A. Majid","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Soil termiticide treatment is a key strategy in controlling the termite population and infestation by creating a continuous barrier encompassing the structures. Termiticides, however, may dissipate for a variety of reasons such as a half-life, a degradation rate, a leaching activity, and a storage method. This study aimed to evaluate the optimum storage conditions for three most commonly used termiticides i.e. bifenthrin, fipronil, and imidacloprid. The evaluation was made by examining Active Ingredients (AIs) of each termiticide using two sets of bottle colors (black and white) and different storage spaces (in car and store) within 30 days. The results revealed that the bottle colors (F: 0.181, df= 1, P= 0.672) and storage places (F= 5.495, df= 1, P= 0.977) did not significantly affect the concentration of termiticides after 30 days. It further demonstrated that the tested termiticides were unstable in an aqueous solution after 30 days due to hydrolysis. The half-life values were recorded at 7.45 days (bifenthrin), 3.98 days (fipronil) and 9.42 days (imidacloprid), respectively. The black and white bottles showed no significant effect on termiticide concentrations, indicating that photodegradation could occur regardless of the termiticides were stored in the store or in the car. Fipronil was the least effective termiticide as its residual reduced to half after three days of mixing. Hence, it is recommended that any termiticide must be immediately used after mixing to avoid photodegradation and hydrolysis.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46240200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. T. Adiputra, M. Zairin, M. Suprayudi, W. Manalu, Widanarni, Margie Brite
The present experiment was designed to find the optimum dose of thyroxine hormone administration to enhance gonadal maturation and growth of male spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus). Maturation study used 30 male spiny lobsters divided into two treatments of thyroxine hormone injection i.e., 0 and 0.1 µg/g BW. Samples were taken to determine parameters of gonadosomatic index (GSI), anatomy and histology of gonads. Growth study used 44 males spiny lobsters divided into 4 treatments of thyroxine injection i.e., 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 µg/g BW during 70 days of culture. Specific growth rate (SGR), the growth of carapace length (GCL), molted, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rate were observed. Meat qualities of wild and cultured spiny lobsters were measured by proximate and amino acids composition. Results showed that male spiny lobster injected with thyroxine at a dose 0.1 µg/g BW increased GSI (P<0.05), showed a better gonad development and higher number of spermatogonia. Injection of thyroxine hormone at a dose of 0.1 µg/g BW supported the optimum SGR and GCL (P<0.05), FCR, molted and survival rate. The meat quality of wild were better than cultured spiny lobsters as was indicated by the better proximate and amino acids composition (P<0.05).
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF THYROXINE HORMONE ON GONADAL MATURATION AND GROWTH OF MALE SPINY LOBSTER (PANULIRUS HOMARUS)","authors":"Y. T. Adiputra, M. Zairin, M. Suprayudi, W. Manalu, Widanarni, Margie Brite","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The present experiment was designed to find the optimum dose of thyroxine hormone administration to enhance gonadal maturation and growth of male spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus). Maturation study used 30 male spiny lobsters divided into two treatments of thyroxine hormone injection i.e., 0 and 0.1 µg/g BW. Samples were taken to determine parameters of gonadosomatic index (GSI), anatomy and histology of gonads. Growth study used 44 males spiny lobsters divided into 4 treatments of thyroxine injection i.e., 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 µg/g BW during 70 days of culture. Specific growth rate (SGR), the growth of carapace length (GCL), molted, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rate were observed. Meat qualities of wild and cultured spiny lobsters were measured by proximate and amino acids composition. Results showed that male spiny lobster injected with thyroxine at a dose 0.1 µg/g BW increased GSI (P<0.05), showed a better gonad development and higher number of spermatogonia. Injection of thyroxine hormone at a dose of 0.1 µg/g BW supported the optimum SGR and GCL (P<0.05), FCR, molted and survival rate. The meat quality of wild were better than cultured spiny lobsters as was indicated by the better proximate and amino acids composition (P<0.05).","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"39 1","pages":"30-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42771110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Asyraf Asbullah, Normahirah Nek Abd Rahman, M. Ariffin, S. H. Sapar, F. Yunos
This paper presents a new factoring technique on the modulus , where and are large prime numbers. Suppose there exists an integer satisfies the equation , for some unknown integer and is the Euler’s totient function. Our method exploits the term to be the closest integer to the unknown parameter . Hence we show that the unknown parameters and can be recovered from the list of the continued fractions expansion of Furthermore, we present an algorithm to compute the prime factors of in polynomial time after obtaining the correct tuple and.
{"title":"CRYPTANALYSIS OF RSA KEY EQUATION OF N=p^2q FOR SMALL |2q – p| USING CONTINUED FRACTION","authors":"Muhammad Asyraf Asbullah, Normahirah Nek Abd Rahman, M. Ariffin, S. H. Sapar, F. Yunos","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no1.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new factoring technique on the modulus , where and are large prime numbers. Suppose there exists an integer satisfies the equation , for some unknown integer and is the Euler’s totient function. Our method exploits the term to be the closest integer to the unknown parameter . Hence we show that the unknown parameters and can be recovered from the list of the continued fractions expansion of Furthermore, we present an algorithm to compute the prime factors of in polynomial time after obtaining the correct tuple and.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"39 1","pages":"72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49651346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phase equivalent potential corresponding to an energy-dependent potential is constructed via the formalism of supersymmetric quantum mechanics and judge the merit of our approach through model calculations.
{"title":"PHASE EQUIVALENT ENERGY-DEPENDENT POTENTIALS-–A SUPERSYMMETRIC APPROACH","authors":"U. Laha, A. K. Behera, J. Bhoi","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Phase equivalent potential corresponding to an energy-dependent potential is constructed via the formalism of supersymmetric quantum mechanics and judge the merit of our approach through model calculations.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48699762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Vejayan, N. Munir, Ye Lian, Rupbansraaj Bathmanathan, H. Ibrahim, S. Chakravarthi
Plants are capable of coagulating milk efficiently and enriching the curd with medicinal potentials, which can result in an ideal functional dairy food. Such efforts were attempted within this study with two fruit bearing plants, Mango (Mangifera indica) and Noni (Morinda citrifolia). The extracts of the two plants were separated to their enzymatic fractions and investigated for their coagulating time in comparison to rennet enzyme of Mucor miehei. The biological activities of the curd formed by the extracts were evaluated to determine the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The coagulation of milk by M. indica seed fraction, M. citrifolia fruit fraction and the rennet (15%, 15%, and 5% (w/v), respectively) resulted in coagulation times of 10.8 ± 0.36 s, 40.73 ± 1.91 s and 198.2 ± 1.01 s, respectively. Curd by aqueous extract of M. indica seeds resulted in the most favourable values: IC50 = 3.266 ± 0.353 μg/mL (2,2-diphenyl-1-picylhydrazyl, DPPH), 147.329 ± 1.890 mg GAE/g (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power, FRAP), IC50 = 17.87 ± 0.415 μg/mL (α-glucosidase inhibition) and IC50 = 41.87 ± 0.585 μg/mL (α-amylase inhibition). Hence, M. indica seed and M. citrifolia fruit extracts were tested, and both plant extracts, together with curd-fortification, exhibited useful biological activities.
{"title":"TROPICAL FRUITS OF MANGO AND NONI HAVING DUAL EFFECTS OF COAGULATING MILK AND ENRICHING THE CURDS WITH MICRO-CONSTITUENTS OF MEDICINAL POTENTIAL","authors":"J. Vejayan, N. Munir, Ye Lian, Rupbansraaj Bathmanathan, H. Ibrahim, S. Chakravarthi","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol38no3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol38no3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are capable of coagulating milk efficiently and enriching the curd with medicinal potentials, which can result in an ideal functional dairy food. Such efforts were attempted within this study with two fruit bearing plants, Mango (Mangifera indica) and Noni (Morinda citrifolia). The extracts of the two plants were separated to their enzymatic fractions and investigated for their coagulating time in comparison to rennet enzyme of Mucor miehei. The biological activities of the curd formed by the extracts were evaluated to determine the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The coagulation of milk by M. indica seed fraction, M. citrifolia fruit fraction and the rennet (15%, 15%, and 5% (w/v), respectively) resulted in coagulation times of 10.8 ± 0.36 s, 40.73 ± 1.91 s and 198.2 ± 1.01 s, respectively. Curd by aqueous extract of M. indica seeds resulted in the most favourable values: IC50 = 3.266 ± 0.353 μg/mL (2,2-diphenyl-1-picylhydrazyl, DPPH), 147.329 ± 1.890 mg GAE/g (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power, FRAP), IC50 = 17.87 ± 0.415 μg/mL (α-glucosidase inhibition) and IC50 = 41.87 ± 0.585 μg/mL (α-amylase inhibition). Hence, M. indica seed and M. citrifolia fruit extracts were tested, and both plant extracts, together with curd-fortification, exhibited useful biological activities.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"38 1","pages":"34-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42389498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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