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A Linear and Stereoselective Approach for the Synthesis of Dapoxetine from Benzaldehyde 从苯甲醛合成达泊西汀的线性和立体选择性方法
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.2174/0115701786288732240214102952
Ramakoteswara Rao Chinta, Kumaraswamy Paridala, Vijay Kumar Tulam
: In addition to providing a succinct pathway for the stereoselective synthesis of dapoxetine, a potent SSRI employed in the treatment of premature ejaculation, this study highlights the strategic use of Ellman's sulfinamide as a chiral auxiliary. The key method involves the diastereoselective allylation of (S,E)-N-Benzylidenesulfinamide, resulting in the desired S-configuration critical for the pharmacological activity of dapoxetine. The utilization of readily available benzaldehyde as the starting material and 1-naphthol as a late-stage coupling partner contributes to the economic feasibility of the synthesis. Especially, the linear synthetic approach adopted in this study employs simplified and more efficient protocols for various transformations, culminating in an overall yield of 26%. This research not only presents a practical synthetic route for dapoxetine, but also underscores the importance of cost-effective and streamlined methodologies in drug development processes.
:这项研究除了提供了立体选择性合成达泊西汀(一种用于治疗早泄的强效 SSRI)的简洁途径外,还强调了埃尔曼亚磺酰胺作为手性助剂的战略用途。关键方法包括对(S,E)-N-苄基亚磺酰胺进行非对映选择性烯丙基化,从而获得对达泊西汀药理活性至关重要的所需 S 构型。利用现成的苯甲醛作为起始原料,1-萘酚作为后期偶联剂,有助于提高合成的经济可行性。特别是,本研究采用的线性合成方法简化了各种转化过程,提高了转化效率,最终总产率达到 26%。这项研究不仅提出了一条实用的达泊西汀合成路线,还强调了药物开发过程中成本效益和简化方法的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
A Simple and Efficient Path for the Synthesis Antineoplastic Agent (2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-(6-Amino-2-Chloropurin-9-yl)-4-Fluoro-2-(Hydroxymethyl) oxolan-3-ol (Clofarabine) 合成抗肿瘤药物 (2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-(6-氨基-2-氯嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2-(羟甲基)氧杂戊环-3-醇(氯法拉滨)的简单高效途径
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.2174/0115701786287468240209105224
Laxmi Kumari Nagarapu, Chithaluri Sudhakar, Suresh Babu Namani
: Clofarabine (1) is an anticancer agent used to treat acute leukemia. This work discloses the efforts to develop a convenient, environmentally benign, and high-yielding synthetic protocol leading to Clofarabine (1). The synthesis includes bromination of 2-deoxy-2-β-fluoro-1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-1- α-D-ribofuranose (6), followed by C-N coupling with a 2,6-dichloro purine (4) and selective amination consecutively. The proposed total synthesis comprises five steps to afford an overall yield of 65- 70% with 99.85% purity. The present process provides preparation of Clofarabine (1) using a simple purification process with lesser reaction time, better yield, and purity without using toxic and pyrophoric chemicals.
:氯法拉滨(1)是一种用于治疗急性白血病的抗癌剂。这项工作揭示了开发一种方便、环保、高产的氯法拉滨(1)合成方案的努力。合成过程包括对 2-脱氧-2-β-氟-1,3,5-三-O-苯甲酰基-1-α-D-呋喃核糖(6)进行溴化,然后与 2,6-二氯嘌呤(4)进行 C-N 偶联,并连续进行选择性胺化。拟议的总合成包括五个步骤,总收率为 65-70%,纯度为 99.85%。本工艺采用简单的纯化过程制备氯法拉滨 (1),反应时间短,收率高,纯度高,且不使用有毒和发火化学品。
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引用次数: 0
Catalyst-free Approach to Dihydropyrimidones Using Glycerol/Ethyl Lactate as a Recyclable and Biodegradable Promoting Medium 使用甘油/乳酸乙酯作为可回收和生物降解促进介质的二氢嘧啶酮无催化剂方法
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.2174/0115701786277258231218092916
Smriti Kushwaha, Swastika Singh, Jyoti Baranwal, Archana Jyoti
:: A variety of dihydropyrimidone compounds were synthesised using an effective one-pot, multicomponent, environmentally friendly reaction of aromatic aldehydes, urea/thiourea, ethyl acetoacetate, and glycerol/ethyl lactate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first catalyst-free strategy for the synthesis of this key scaffold with medicinal chemistry applications. Other significant aspects of the current approach consist of the employment of glycerol/ethyl lactate as a biodegradable and environmentally friendly reaction medium-cum-promoter, the use of easily available substrates, moderate reaction conditions, ease of use, a wide substrate scope, a short reaction time, easy workup, and excellent yields, and atom efficiency, which make the disclosed procedure an excellent alternative to existing methods.
::利用芳香醛、脲/硫脲、乙酰乙酸乙酯和甘油/乳酸乙酯的单锅、多组分、环境友好型有效反应合成了多种二氢嘧啶酮化合物。据我们所知,这是合成这种具有药物化学应用价值的关键支架的首个无催化剂策略。当前方法的其他重要方面包括:使用甘油/乳酸乙酯作为可生物降解且环保的反应介质和促进剂;使用易于获得的底物;反应条件适中;易于使用;底物范围广;反应时间短;易于操作;以及出色的产率和原子效率,这使得所披露的程序成为现有方法的绝佳替代品。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Supramolecular Features, Computational Studies, and Molecular Docking Studies of a Carbamate Schiff Base 探索氨基甲酸酯席夫碱的超分子特征、计算研究和分子对接研究
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.2174/0115701786283444231128061732
Sibel Demir Kanmazalp, Necmi Dege, Nabajyoti Baildya, Suman Adhikari
: In the carbamate Schiff base compound, the molecule is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions along with π···π stacking and C–H···π contacts that lead to the molecule generating diverse supramolecular architecture. The fingerprint plots associated with Hirshfeld surface analysis indicate that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H⋯H/H⋯H (81.8%), H⋯O/O⋯H (7.5%), and H⋯N/N⋯H (1.9%) interactions. Furthermore, a computational study is performed to find the interaction energy between molecular pairs, and a description of the active site of the compound has been included. The study inferred the role of various types of interaction energies in stabilizing the molecular pair. Additionally, the carbamate Schiff base compound was tested as a possible inhibitor for a group of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins employing a molecular docking approach. Papain-like protease (PLpro) was shown to have the highest binding affinities. The carbamate Schiff base compound with PLpro’s docking score falls within the acceptable levels for a hit compound.
:在氨基甲酸酯席夫碱化合物中,分子通过分子内氢键相互作用以及π---π堆叠和 C-H--π 接触而得到稳定,从而使分子产生多样化的超分子结构。与 Hirshfeld 表面分析相关的指纹图显示,对晶体结构贡献最大的是 H⋯H/H⋯H (81.8%)、H⋯O/O⋯H (7.5%)和 H⋯N/N⋯H (1.9%)相互作用。此外,还进行了计算研究,以找出分子对之间的相互作用能,并对化合物的活性位点进行了描述。该研究推断了各类相互作用能在稳定分子对方面的作用。此外,还采用分子对接方法测试了氨基甲酸酯席夫碱化合物对一组 SARS-CoV-2 蛋白的可能抑制作用。结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶(Papain-like protease,PLpro)具有最高的结合亲和力。氨基甲酸酯席夫碱化合物与 PLpro 的对接得分符合命中化合物的可接受水平。
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引用次数: 0
Metal-Free Selective para-Tosyloxylation of N-Arylbenzamides using [Hydroxy( tosyloxy)iodo]benzene 使用[羟基(对甲苯磺酰氧基)碘]苯对 N-芳基苯甲酰胺进行无金属选择性对甲苯磺酰氧基化反应
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.2174/0115701786275866231117113843
Neha Rani, Deepak Kumar Aneja, Mayank Kinger, Rinku Soni, Monika Sihag, Sandeep Malik
: An efficient approach for the tosyloxyl group transfer in several N-arylbenzamides has been achieved using HTIB (Koser’s reagent) under mild reaction conditions. Its simplicity, efficiency, and reduced reliance on hazardous reagents make it an attractive choice for chemists seeking sustainable alternatives. The proposed methodology offered single-step para-selective tosyloxylation, ensuring the prevention of the synthesis of mixtures of ortho and meta-isomers. The corresponding products were obtained with moderate to excellent efficiency. The current approach eliminated the need for harsh, acidic, and toxic metals, ensuring safer handling and minimizing environmental impact. A plausible mechanism for tosyloxylation of N-arylbenzamides involving iodonium ylide has been proposed.
:在温和的反应条件下,利用 HTIB(Koser 试剂)实现了多种 N-芳基苯甲酰胺中对甲苯磺酰基转移的高效方法。这种方法简便、高效,而且减少了对危险试剂的依赖,因此对寻求可持续替代品的化学家来说是一种极具吸引力的选择。所提出的方法提供了单步对位选择性甲苯磺酰氧基化,确保防止合成正异构体和偏异构体的混合物。相应的产品以中等到极佳的效率获得。目前的方法无需使用苛刻、酸性和有毒的金属,从而确保了更安全的操作,并最大限度地减少了对环境的影响。该研究提出了一种涉及碘化醯胺的 N-芳基苯甲酰胺对甲苯磺酰氧基化的合理机理。
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引用次数: 0
Mild and efficient synthesis of para-substituted 2-hydroxymethyl piperazine.... 对位取代的 2-羟甲基哌嗪的温和高效合成....
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.2174/0115701786283816240123103232
Zijian Liang, Liyuan Guo, Qian Li, Chunyan Liu, Chao Liu, Shi Wu
Herein, we present a mild and effective synthetic method for preparing para-substituted 2-hydroxymethyl piperazine from serine methyl ester and L-amino acids with residues of different sizes. This synthetic route has several advantages including mild reaction conditions, availability of reagents, non-racemic composition, and the potential for gram-scale synthesis. Notably, the compound (4g) demonstrated excellent yields in our experiments.
在此,我们提出了一种温和有效的合成方法,利用丝氨酸甲酯和具有不同大小残基的 L-氨基酸制备对位取代的 2-羟甲基哌嗪。该合成路线具有多个优点,包括反应条件温和、试剂易得、无残余物组成以及具有克级合成潜力。值得注意的是,在我们的实验中,化合物(4g)表现出了极高的产量。
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引用次数: 0
Harnessing Computational Modeling for Efficient Drug Design Strategies 利用计算建模实现高效药物设计策略
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.2174/0115701786267754231114064015
Kuldeep Singh, Bharat Bhushan, Akhalesh Kumar Dube, Anit Kumar Jha, Ketki Rani, Akhilesh Kumar Mishra, Prateek Porwal
: Computational modeling has become a crucial tool in drug design, offering efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This paper discusses the various computational modeling techniques used in drug design and their role in enabling efficient drug discovery strategies. Molecular docking predicts the binding affinity of a small molecule to a target protein, allowing the researchers to identify potential lead compounds and optimize their interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into protein-ligand complexes, enabling the exploration of conformational changes, binding free energies, and fundamental protein-ligand interactions. Integrating computational modeling with machine learning algorithms, such as QSAR modeling and virtual screening, enables the prediction of compound properties and prioritizes potential drug candidates. High-performance computing resources and advanced algorithms are essential for accelerating drug design workflows, with parallel computing, cloud computing, and GPU acceleration reducing computational time. The paper also addresses the challenges and limitations of computational modeling in drug design, such as the accuracy of scoring functions, protein flexibility representation, and validation of predictive models. It emphasizes the need for experimental validation and iterative refinement of computational predictions to ensure the reliability and efficacy of designed drugs.
:计算建模已成为药物设计的重要工具,具有高效性和成本效益。本文讨论了药物设计中使用的各种计算建模技术及其在实现高效药物发现战略中的作用。分子对接可以预测小分子与目标蛋白质的结合亲和力,使研究人员能够确定潜在的先导化合物并优化它们之间的相互作用。分子动力学模拟可以深入了解蛋白质-配体复合物,从而探索构象变化、结合自由能以及蛋白质-配体的基本相互作用。将计算建模与机器学习算法(如 QSAR 建模和虚拟筛选)相结合,可以预测化合物的特性,并确定潜在候选药物的优先次序。高性能计算资源和先进算法对于加速药物设计工作流程至关重要,并行计算、云计算和 GPU 加速可以缩短计算时间。论文还探讨了药物设计中计算建模所面临的挑战和局限性,如评分函数的准确性、蛋白质的灵活性表示和预测模型的验证。它强调了实验验证和迭代改进计算预测的必要性,以确保设计药物的可靠性和有效性。
{"title":"Harnessing Computational Modeling for Efficient Drug Design Strategies","authors":"Kuldeep Singh, Bharat Bhushan, Akhalesh Kumar Dube, Anit Kumar Jha, Ketki Rani, Akhilesh Kumar Mishra, Prateek Porwal","doi":"10.2174/0115701786267754231114064015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701786267754231114064015","url":null,"abstract":": Computational modeling has become a crucial tool in drug design, offering efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This paper discusses the various computational modeling techniques used in drug design and their role in enabling efficient drug discovery strategies. Molecular docking predicts the binding affinity of a small molecule to a target protein, allowing the researchers to identify potential lead compounds and optimize their interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into protein-ligand complexes, enabling the exploration of conformational changes, binding free energies, and fundamental protein-ligand interactions. Integrating computational modeling with machine learning algorithms, such as QSAR modeling and virtual screening, enables the prediction of compound properties and prioritizes potential drug candidates. High-performance computing resources and advanced algorithms are essential for accelerating drug design workflows, with parallel computing, cloud computing, and GPU acceleration reducing computational time. The paper also addresses the challenges and limitations of computational modeling in drug design, such as the accuracy of scoring functions, protein flexibility representation, and validation of predictive models. It emphasizes the need for experimental validation and iterative refinement of computational predictions to ensure the reliability and efficacy of designed drugs.","PeriodicalId":18116,"journal":{"name":"Letters in Organic Chemistry","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139664594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thiourea-Ammonium Chloride Mediated Knoevenagel Condensation as an Intermediate in the Synthesis of Pyrimidine Scaffolds under Solvent-free Condition 在无溶剂条件下以硫脲-氯化铵介导的克诺文纳格尔缩合为中间体合成嘧啶支架
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.2174/0115701786286587240130114029
A. M. Rayate, M. R. Gaware
: In this paper, we have reported solvent solvent-free method for Knoevenagel condensation reaction of various aldehydes with active methylene compounds using thiourea and ammonium chloride. The developed method demonstrated high efficiency in the formation of C-C bond. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild and solvent-free conditions and the products obtained are in excellent yield in very short duration. This method is applicable to a wide range of aldehydes with active methylene compounds.
:本文报告了使用硫脲和氯化铵进行各种醛与活性亚甲基化合物的克诺文纳格尔缩合反应的无溶剂方法。所开发的方法在形成 C-C 键方面表现出很高的效率。反应在温和、无溶剂的条件下顺利进行,并在极短的时间内获得了产率极高的产物。该方法适用于多种含有活性亚甲基化合物的醛。
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引用次数: 0
Treatment of Reactive Orange 16 Dye-Bearing Wastewater by Electro-Fenton Process with Stainless-Steel Electrodes: Statistical Optimization and Operational Analysis 使用不锈钢电极的电-芬顿工艺处理活性橙 16 染料废水:统计优化和运行分析
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115701786294340240129071221
Imran Ahmad, Debolina Basu
: In the current work, the Electro-Fenton (EF) based Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) dye treatment was studied and compared with central composite (CC) and Taguchi design (TD) statistical optimization tools. Color removal (RC) and COD decay (RCOD) were chosen responses for the effect of pH (A), electrolysis time (B), initial dye concentration (C), and current density (D). The facecentred CC design and L16 orthogonal array were used in the experimental procedures. At optimal conditions, the coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.99 for CC and 0.97 for TD suggest statistical significance and good model agreement. The results of the ANOVA and Prob. > F values supported the model’s successful experimental data fitting. Taguchi method was found as an appropriate methodology for parameter percentage contributions with fewer experimental runs. Moreover, the S/N ratio charts proved to be a successful CC design replacement. The current density and pH were found to be the most important factors for the EF process. A higher biodegradability (BOD5/COD) and minimum iron concentration (0.45 mg/L) in the effluent sludge demonstrated good environmental disposal suitability. In the last, the effect of various inhibitors/scavengers (SO4 −2, PO4 −3, EDTA, etc.) on the EF process performance was also carried out.
:在当前工作中,研究了基于电-芬顿(EF)的活性橙 16(RO16)染料处理,并使用中心复合(CC)和田口设计(TD)统计优化工具进行了比较。针对 pH 值(A)、电解时间(B)、初始染料浓度(C)和电流密度(D)的影响,选择了颜色去除率(RC)和 COD 降解率(RCOD)作为响应。实验过程采用了面心 CC 设计和 L16 正交阵列。在最佳条件下,CC 和 TD 的判定系数 (R2) 分别为 0.99 和 0.97,表明统计意义显著,模型一致性良好。方差分析结果和 Prob.田口方法被认为是一种合适的方法,可以用较少的实验次数来计算参数百分比。此外,信噪比图表被证明是一种成功的 CC 设计替代方法。研究发现,电流密度和 pH 值是影响 EF 过程的最重要因素。出水污泥中较高的生物降解性(BOD5/COD)和最低的铁浓度(0.45 mg/L)证明了良好的环境处置适宜性。最后,还研究了各种抑制剂/清除剂(SO4 -2、PO4 -3、乙二胺四乙酸等)对 EF 工艺性能的影响。
{"title":"Treatment of Reactive Orange 16 Dye-Bearing Wastewater by Electro-Fenton Process with Stainless-Steel Electrodes: Statistical Optimization and Operational Analysis","authors":"Imran Ahmad, Debolina Basu","doi":"10.2174/0115701786294340240129071221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701786294340240129071221","url":null,"abstract":": In the current work, the Electro-Fenton (EF) based Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) dye treatment was studied and compared with central composite (CC) and Taguchi design (TD) statistical optimization tools. Color removal (RC) and COD decay (RCOD) were chosen responses for the effect of pH (A), electrolysis time (B), initial dye concentration (C), and current density (D). The facecentred CC design and L16 orthogonal array were used in the experimental procedures. At optimal conditions, the coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.99 for CC and 0.97 for TD suggest statistical significance and good model agreement. The results of the ANOVA and Prob. > F values supported the model’s successful experimental data fitting. Taguchi method was found as an appropriate methodology for parameter percentage contributions with fewer experimental runs. Moreover, the S/N ratio charts proved to be a successful CC design replacement. The current density and pH were found to be the most important factors for the EF process. A higher biodegradability (BOD5/COD) and minimum iron concentration (0.45 mg/L) in the effluent sludge demonstrated good environmental disposal suitability. In the last, the effect of various inhibitors/scavengers (SO4 −2, PO4 −3, EDTA, etc.) on the EF process performance was also carried out.","PeriodicalId":18116,"journal":{"name":"Letters in Organic Chemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139664680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Facile Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of o-Iodoaromatic Ether 邻碘芳香族醚的简易合成和抗肿瘤活性
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.2174/0115701786262911240121105544
Xiaoxia Mao, Yuying Zhang, Keyang Wang, Guiqin Zhao, Dejun Zhou, Zhengguo Cui
: In this study, an efficient method for the synthesis of one type of aromatic ether was introduced, and its antitumor activity was investigated. Specifically, (diacetoxyiodo)arene was prepared from 2-methyliodobenzene and used to oxidize the 4-nitrophenol to give the aromatic ether. Our study further found that aromatic ether has a strong apoptotic effect on U937 monocytes, suggesting that it might be developed as a new drug for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
:本研究介绍了一种合成芳香族醚的有效方法,并对其抗肿瘤活性进行了研究。具体来说,以 2-甲基碘苯为原料制备(二乙酰氧基碘)炔,并用其氧化 4-硝基苯酚,得到芳香族醚。我们的研究进一步发现,芳香醚对 U937 单核细胞有很强的凋亡作用,这表明芳香醚有可能被开发成治疗急性髓性白血病的新药。
{"title":"Facile Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of o-Iodoaromatic Ether","authors":"Xiaoxia Mao, Yuying Zhang, Keyang Wang, Guiqin Zhao, Dejun Zhou, Zhengguo Cui","doi":"10.2174/0115701786262911240121105544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701786262911240121105544","url":null,"abstract":": In this study, an efficient method for the synthesis of one type of aromatic ether was introduced, and its antitumor activity was investigated. Specifically, (diacetoxyiodo)arene was prepared from 2-methyliodobenzene and used to oxidize the 4-nitrophenol to give the aromatic ether. Our study further found that aromatic ether has a strong apoptotic effect on U937 monocytes, suggesting that it might be developed as a new drug for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.","PeriodicalId":18116,"journal":{"name":"Letters in Organic Chemistry","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139580403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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