Aquatic organisms are natural data loggers and record chemical variations within hardened accretionary structures like shells and teeth. Chemical sclerochronology is the study of these chemical variations through time and how they are used to understand environmental change and the physiology and ecology of species. While sclerochronology research has largely focused on bivalves, teleost fish, and hard corals, there are many other aquatic taxa rich with time‐resolved chemical data. To expand focus to these “other” taxa and determine the state‐of‐play, we compiled a database of chemical sclerochronology studies spanning nine living phyla and 19 classes. We then examined research trends and knowledge gaps across these taxa and showcase their exciting potential to collect critical data and address pressing environmental and ecological challenges. We hope this synthesis will encourage further research on species across the tree of life, as well as foster collaboration among the established and lesser‐known fields of sclerochronology.
{"title":"Capitalizing on the wealth of chemical data in the accretionary structures of aquatic taxa: Opportunities from across the tree of life","authors":"Zoë A. Doubleday, Louise Hosking, Jasper Willoughby, Minoli Dias, Natasha Leclerc, Shanie Brault Nikolajew, Melita Peharda, Arieli Tristão Rézio, Clive Trueman","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10448","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic organisms are natural data loggers and record chemical variations within hardened accretionary structures like shells and teeth. Chemical sclerochronology is the study of these chemical variations through time and how they are used to understand environmental change and the physiology and ecology of species. While sclerochronology research has largely focused on bivalves, teleost fish, and hard corals, there are many other aquatic taxa rich with time‐resolved chemical data. To expand focus to these “other” taxa and determine the state‐of‐play, we compiled a database of chemical sclerochronology studies spanning nine living phyla and 19 classes. We then examined research trends and knowledge gaps across these taxa and showcase their exciting potential to collect critical data and address pressing environmental and ecological challenges. We hope this synthesis will encourage further research on species across the tree of life, as well as foster collaboration among the established and lesser‐known fields of sclerochronology.","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ge Pu, Krill Shchapov, Nolan J. T. Pearce, Kelly Bowen, Andrew Bramburger, Andrew Camilleri, Hunter Carrick, Justin D. Chaffin, William Cody, Maureen L. Coleman, Warren J. S. Currie, David C. Depew, Jonathan P. Doubek, Rachel Eveleth, Mark Fitzpatrick, Paul W. Glyshaw, Casey M. Godwin, R. Michael McKay, Mohiuddin Munawar, Heather Niblock, Maci Quintanilla, Michael Rennie, Matthew W. Sand, Kimberly J. Schraitle, Michael R. Twiss, Donald G. Uzarski, Henry A. Vanderploeg, Trista J. Vick‐Majors, Judy A. Westrick, Bridget A. Wheelock, Marguerite A. Xenopoulos, Arthur Zastepa, Ted Ozersky
Interest in winter limnology is growing rapidly, but progress is hindered by a shortage of standardized multivariate datasets on winter conditions. Addressing the winter data gap will enhance our understanding of winter ecosystem function and of lake response to environmental change. Here, we describe a dataset generated by a multi‐institutional winter sampling campaign across all five Laurentian Great Lakes and some of their connecting waters (the Great Lakes Winter Grab). The objective of Winter Grab was to characterize mid‐winter limnological conditions in the Great Lakes using standard sample collection and analysis methods. Nineteen research groups sampled 49 locations varying widely in depth and trophic status, collecting a range of limnological data. This dataset includes physical, chemical, and biological measurements. These data can be used to examine diverse aspects of Great Lakes ecosystems or integrated with winter observations from other lakes to improve understanding of winter limnology across different aquatic systems.
{"title":"The Great Lakes Winter Grab: Limnological data from a multi‐institutional winter sampling campaign on the Laurentian Great Lakes","authors":"Ge Pu, Krill Shchapov, Nolan J. T. Pearce, Kelly Bowen, Andrew Bramburger, Andrew Camilleri, Hunter Carrick, Justin D. Chaffin, William Cody, Maureen L. Coleman, Warren J. S. Currie, David C. Depew, Jonathan P. Doubek, Rachel Eveleth, Mark Fitzpatrick, Paul W. Glyshaw, Casey M. Godwin, R. Michael McKay, Mohiuddin Munawar, Heather Niblock, Maci Quintanilla, Michael Rennie, Matthew W. Sand, Kimberly J. Schraitle, Michael R. Twiss, Donald G. Uzarski, Henry A. Vanderploeg, Trista J. Vick‐Majors, Judy A. Westrick, Bridget A. Wheelock, Marguerite A. Xenopoulos, Arthur Zastepa, Ted Ozersky","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10447","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in winter limnology is growing rapidly, but progress is hindered by a shortage of standardized multivariate datasets on winter conditions. Addressing the winter data gap will enhance our understanding of winter ecosystem function and of lake response to environmental change. Here, we describe a dataset generated by a multi‐institutional winter sampling campaign across all five Laurentian Great Lakes and some of their connecting waters (the Great Lakes Winter Grab). The objective of Winter Grab was to characterize mid‐winter limnological conditions in the Great Lakes using standard sample collection and analysis methods. Nineteen research groups sampled 49 locations varying widely in depth and trophic status, collecting a range of limnological data. This dataset includes physical, chemical, and biological measurements. These data can be used to examine diverse aspects of Great Lakes ecosystems or integrated with winter observations from other lakes to improve understanding of winter limnology across different aquatic systems.","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accelerating rate of global climate change at higher elevations and latitudes is increasing the potential for extreme climatic events. Here, a knowledge gap exists in how the order of exposure to, and duration of droughts and heatwaves affect their cumulative impact on aquatic communities. We tested experimentally for the legacy effects of simultaneous vs. sequential exposures to drought and heatwave on sediment‐dwelling algal communities (epipelon) from small fishless alpine lakes. In both simultaneous, and sequential exposure treatments involving drought followed by a heatwave, the negative effect of drought masked the effects of warming on chlorophyll‐inferred algal biomass and taxonomic composition. Reversal of order of exposure (i.e., heatwave followed by drought) lowered their cumulative effect on community structure. These findings highlight the potential for drought events to dominate over heatwaves in altering shallow littoral ecosystems at high elevations under a rapidly warming climate.
{"title":"Disentangling effects of droughts and heatwaves on alpine periphyton communities: A mesocosm experiment","authors":"Tamika Nagao, Rolf Vinebrooke","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10445","url":null,"abstract":"The accelerating rate of global climate change at higher elevations and latitudes is increasing the potential for extreme climatic events. Here, a knowledge gap exists in how the order of exposure to, and duration of droughts and heatwaves affect their cumulative impact on aquatic communities. We tested experimentally for the legacy effects of simultaneous vs. sequential exposures to drought and heatwave on sediment‐dwelling algal communities (epipelon) from small fishless alpine lakes. In both simultaneous, and sequential exposure treatments involving drought followed by a heatwave, the negative effect of drought masked the effects of warming on chlorophyll‐inferred algal biomass and taxonomic composition. Reversal of order of exposure (i.e., heatwave followed by drought) lowered their cumulative effect on community structure. These findings highlight the potential for drought events to dominate over heatwaves in altering shallow littoral ecosystems at high elevations under a rapidly warming climate.","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Limnological understanding of the role snow plays in under‐ice thermal dynamics is mainly based on studies of clear‐water lakes. Very little is known about the role snow plays in the thermal dynamics of dystrophic lakes. We conducted a whole lake experiment on a small, 8 m deep dystrophic bog lake in northern Wisconsin, where we removed all snowfall over two consecutive winters. Due to weather variability, only 1 year had predominantly black ice. Under these conditions, the lake rapidly cooled in early and mid‐winter, compared to snow covered conditions that insulated the lake from heat loss. The lake also rapidly gained heat in late winter resulting in isothermal conditions well in advance of ice‐off. These results show how water clarity modulates the influence of snow on under‐ice thermal dynamics, which is relevant to futures with snow droughts.
{"title":"Snow removal cools a small dystrophic lake","authors":"H. A. Dugan, R. Ladwig, P. Schramm, N. R. Lottig","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10444","url":null,"abstract":"Limnological understanding of the role snow plays in under‐ice thermal dynamics is mainly based on studies of clear‐water lakes. Very little is known about the role snow plays in the thermal dynamics of dystrophic lakes. We conducted a whole lake experiment on a small, 8 m deep dystrophic bog lake in northern Wisconsin, where we removed all snowfall over two consecutive winters. Due to weather variability, only 1 year had predominantly black ice. Under these conditions, the lake rapidly cooled in early and mid‐winter, compared to snow covered conditions that insulated the lake from heat loss. The lake also rapidly gained heat in late winter resulting in isothermal conditions well in advance of ice‐off. These results show how water clarity modulates the influence of snow on under‐ice thermal dynamics, which is relevant to futures with snow droughts.","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura M. V. Soares, Olivia Desgué‐Itier, Cécilia Barouillet, Céline Casenave, Isabelle Domaizon, Victor Frossard, Nelson G. Hairston, Andrea Lami, Bruno J. Lemaire, Georges‐Marie Saulnier, Frédéric Soulignac, Brigitte Vinçon‐Leite, Jean‐Philippe Jenny
Despite global evidence of lake deoxygenation, its duration, timing, and impacts over decadal to centennial timescales remain uncertain. This study introduces a novel model approach using 150 yr of limnological and paleolimnological data to evaluate the anthropogenic impacts on deep oxygen in Lake Geneva. Results highlight an increase in oxygen consumption rates due to cultural eutrophication, initially triggering historical hypoxia, subsequently exacerbated by reduced winter mixing induced by climate change. Simulations of pre‐eutrophication conditions and future climate scenarios define safe operating spaces for the lake to thrive without severe hypoxia risk. Complete winter mixing and O2 recharge once every 3 yr can compensate the oxygen demand in Lake Geneva, even when exceeding 1.5 g O2 m−2 d−1. However, when complete winter mixing becomes less frequent, even consumption rates similar to those observed before eutrophication can cause persistent hypoxia, posing a significant threat to the survival of hypolimnetic aquatic life.
{"title":"Unraveling Lake Geneva's hypoxia crisis in the Anthropocene","authors":"Laura M. V. Soares, Olivia Desgué‐Itier, Cécilia Barouillet, Céline Casenave, Isabelle Domaizon, Victor Frossard, Nelson G. Hairston, Andrea Lami, Bruno J. Lemaire, Georges‐Marie Saulnier, Frédéric Soulignac, Brigitte Vinçon‐Leite, Jean‐Philippe Jenny","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10435","url":null,"abstract":"Despite global evidence of lake deoxygenation, its duration, timing, and impacts over decadal to centennial timescales remain uncertain. This study introduces a novel model approach using 150 yr of limnological and paleolimnological data to evaluate the anthropogenic impacts on deep oxygen in Lake Geneva. Results highlight an increase in oxygen consumption rates due to cultural eutrophication, initially triggering historical hypoxia, subsequently exacerbated by reduced winter mixing induced by climate change. Simulations of pre‐eutrophication conditions and future climate scenarios define safe operating spaces for the lake to thrive without severe hypoxia risk. Complete winter mixing and O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> recharge once every 3 yr can compensate the oxygen demand in Lake Geneva, even when exceeding 1.5 g O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. However, when complete winter mixing becomes less frequent, even consumption rates similar to those observed before eutrophication can cause persistent hypoxia, posing a significant threat to the survival of hypolimnetic aquatic life.","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oxygen‐stable isotope (δ18O) in otoliths has been useful to infer marine fish migrations. However, because otolith δ18O is affected by two parameters, temperature and δ18O of ambient water, its interpretation becomes challenging when neither of them is constant. Here, I describe a simple method using hydrodynamic models to visualize potential migration histories from high‐resolution otolith δ18O chronologies. By predicting the distribution of potential otolith δ18O, that is, otolith δ18O isoscape from modeled temperature and salinity distributions and comparing these with observed values, possible fish locations can be inferred. The demonstration of sardine juveniles in the western North Pacific region reproduced their seasonal northward migrations accurately. The predicted locations were consistent with the results of sampling surveys of eggs and juveniles and correctly approached the point where fish were caught. The methodological recommendations and the successful demonstration in this study may help in planning future sclerochronology research using carbonate δ18O values.
{"title":"Simple visualization of fish migration history based on high‐resolution otolith δ18O profiles and hydrodynamic models","authors":"Tatsuya Sakamoto","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10434","url":null,"abstract":"Oxygen‐stable isotope (<jats:italic>δ</jats:italic><jats:sup>18</jats:sup>O) in otoliths has been useful to infer marine fish migrations. However, because otolith <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic><jats:sup>18</jats:sup>O is affected by two parameters, temperature and <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic><jats:sup>18</jats:sup>O of ambient water, its interpretation becomes challenging when neither of them is constant. Here, I describe a simple method using hydrodynamic models to visualize potential migration histories from high‐resolution otolith <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic><jats:sup>18</jats:sup>O chronologies. By predicting the distribution of potential otolith <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic><jats:sup>18</jats:sup>O, that is, otolith <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic><jats:sup>18</jats:sup>O isoscape from modeled temperature and salinity distributions and comparing these with observed values, possible fish locations can be inferred. The demonstration of sardine juveniles in the western North Pacific region reproduced their seasonal northward migrations accurately. The predicted locations were consistent with the results of sampling surveys of eggs and juveniles and correctly approached the point where fish were caught. The methodological recommendations and the successful demonstration in this study may help in planning future sclerochronology research using carbonate <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic><jats:sup>18</jats:sup>O values.","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashley E. Stanek, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, Michael P. Carey, Sarah M. Laske, Xiaomei Xu, Kenneth H. Dunton, Vanessa R. von Biela
Climate change alters the sources and age of carbon in Arctic food webs by fostering the release of older carbon from degrading permafrost. Radiocarbon (14C) traces carbon sources and age, but data before rapid warming are rare and limit assessments over time. We capitalized on 14C data collected ~ 40 years ago that used fish as natural samplers by resampling the same species today. Among resampled fish, those using freshwater food webs had the oldest 14C ages (> 1000 yr BP), while those using marine food webs had the youngest 14C ages (near modern). One migratory species encompassed the entire range of 14C ages because juveniles fed in freshwater streams and adults fed in offshore marine habitats. Over ~ 40 yr, average 14C ages of freshwater and marine feeding fish shifted closer to atmospheric values, suggesting a potential influence from “greening of the Arctic.”
{"title":"Arctic fishes reveal patterns in radiocarbon age across habitats and with recent climate change","authors":"Ashley E. Stanek, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, Michael P. Carey, Sarah M. Laske, Xiaomei Xu, Kenneth H. Dunton, Vanessa R. von Biela","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10442","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lol2.10442","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change alters the sources and age of carbon in Arctic food webs by fostering the release of older carbon from degrading permafrost. Radiocarbon (<sup>14</sup>C) traces carbon sources and age, but data before rapid warming are rare and limit assessments over time. We capitalized on <sup>14</sup>C data collected ~ 40 years ago that used fish as natural samplers by resampling the same species today. Among resampled fish, those using freshwater food webs had the oldest <sup>14</sup>C ages (> 1000 yr BP), while those using marine food webs had the youngest <sup>14</sup>C ages (near modern). One migratory species encompassed the entire range of <sup>14</sup>C ages because juveniles fed in freshwater streams and adults fed in offshore marine habitats. Over ~ 40 yr, average <sup>14</sup>C ages of freshwater and marine feeding fish shifted closer to atmospheric values, suggesting a potential influence from “greening of the Arctic.”</p>","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"9 6","pages":"796-805"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lol2.10442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To save saltmarshes and their valuable ecosystem services from sea level rise, it is crucial to understand their natural ability to gain elevation by sediment accretion. In that context, a widely accepted paradigm is that dense vegetation favors sediment accretion and hence saltmarsh resilience to sea level rise. Here, however, we reveal how dense vegetation can inhibit sediment accretion on saltmarsh platforms. Using a process-based modeling approach to simulate biogeomorphic development of typical saltmarsh landscapes, we identify two key mechanisms by which vegetation hinders sediment transport from tidal channels toward saltmarsh interiors. First, vegetation concentrates tidal flow and sediment transport inside channels, reducing sediment supply to platforms. Second, vegetation enhances sediment deposition near channels, limiting sediment availability for platform interiors. Our findings suggest that the resilience of saltmarshes to sea level rise may be more limited than previously thought.
{"title":"Dense vegetation hinders sediment transport toward saltmarsh interiors","authors":"Olivier Gourgue, Jean-Philippe Belliard, Yiyang Xu, Maarten G. Kleinhans, Sergio Fagherazzi, Stijn Temmerman","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10436","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lol2.10436","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To save saltmarshes and their valuable ecosystem services from sea level rise, it is crucial to understand their natural ability to gain elevation by sediment accretion. In that context, a widely accepted paradigm is that dense vegetation favors sediment accretion and hence saltmarsh resilience to sea level rise. Here, however, we reveal how dense vegetation can inhibit sediment accretion on saltmarsh platforms. Using a process-based modeling approach to simulate biogeomorphic development of typical saltmarsh landscapes, we identify two key mechanisms by which vegetation hinders sediment transport from tidal channels toward saltmarsh interiors. First, vegetation concentrates tidal flow and sediment transport inside channels, reducing sediment supply to platforms. Second, vegetation enhances sediment deposition near channels, limiting sediment availability for platform interiors. Our findings suggest that the resilience of saltmarshes to sea level rise may be more limited than previously thought.</p>","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"9 6","pages":"764-775"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lol2.10436","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eva Ehrnsten, Christoph Humborg, Erik Gustafsson, Bo G. Gustafsson
Excessive nutrient inputs have caused eutrophication of coastal ecosystems worldwide, triggering extensive algal blooms, oxygen‐depletion, and collapse of local fisheries. In the Baltic Sea, inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) have been significantly reduced since the 1980s, but the environmental state shows little to no signs of recovery. However, a simulation with continued high loads from the mid‐1980s demonstrates that while the state has not improved yet, it would be considerably worse today without the load reductions (e.g., 82% larger oxygen‐free bottom areas and 104% and 58% higher wintertime concentrations of inorganic N and P, respectively, in the Baltic Proper). Additional simulations with current nutrient loads continuing into the future indicate that conditions will likely improve in the coming decades. This study underscores the significance of acting on early warning signs of eutrophication, and furthermore how sustained efforts to decrease nutrient loads can mitigate the severity of eutrophication.
{"title":"Disaster avoided: current state of the Baltic Sea without human intervention to reduce nutrient loads","authors":"Eva Ehrnsten, Christoph Humborg, Erik Gustafsson, Bo G. Gustafsson","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10443","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive nutrient inputs have caused eutrophication of coastal ecosystems worldwide, triggering extensive algal blooms, oxygen‐depletion, and collapse of local fisheries. In the Baltic Sea, inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) have been significantly reduced since the 1980s, but the environmental state shows little to no signs of recovery. However, a simulation with continued high loads from the mid‐1980s demonstrates that while the state has not improved yet, it would be considerably worse today without the load reductions (e.g., 82% larger oxygen‐free bottom areas and 104% and 58% higher wintertime concentrations of inorganic N and P, respectively, in the Baltic Proper). Additional simulations with current nutrient loads continuing into the future indicate that conditions will likely improve in the coming decades. This study underscores the significance of acting on early warning signs of eutrophication, and furthermore how sustained efforts to decrease nutrient loads can mitigate the severity of eutrophication.","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"223 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Zhang, William G. Sunda, Haizheng Hong, Dalin Shi
Light affects the cellular iron (Fe) requirement of phytoplankton because of its presence in major photosynthetic proteins. Thus, interactions between variable Fe concentrations and light intensities could restrict photosynthetic carbon fixation in the ocean. Here we show a narrowing of the optimal light range for growth of a marine cyanobacterium, Prochlorococcus strain NATL1A, a member of LLI ecotype, under Fe limitation. The response of the cells to variations in Fe and light involved differential changes in the cellular content of low‐Fe photosystem II (PSII) and Fe‐rich photosystem I (PSI), and associated up to 23‐fold changes in PSII : PSI ratios, showing an unprecedented extreme plasticity of the photosynthetic apparatus. Our study demonstrated the physiological effects of Fe and light interactions on this low‐light‐adapted Prochlorococcus strain, and increases our understanding of the reasons for the wide distribution of this and possibly other Prochlorococcus strains in the ocean.
{"title":"Extreme plasticity in the photosystem composition of a low‐light Prochlorococcus ecotype in response to iron and light","authors":"Xin Zhang, William G. Sunda, Haizheng Hong, Dalin Shi","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10441","url":null,"abstract":"Light affects the cellular iron (Fe) requirement of phytoplankton because of its presence in major photosynthetic proteins. Thus, interactions between variable Fe concentrations and light intensities could restrict photosynthetic carbon fixation in the ocean. Here we show a narrowing of the optimal light range for growth of a marine cyanobacterium, <jats:italic>Prochlorococcus</jats:italic> strain NATL1A, a member of LLI ecotype, under Fe limitation. The response of the cells to variations in Fe and light involved differential changes in the cellular content of low‐Fe photosystem II (PSII) and Fe‐rich photosystem I (PSI), and associated up to 23‐fold changes in PSII : PSI ratios, showing an unprecedented extreme plasticity of the photosynthetic apparatus. Our study demonstrated the physiological effects of Fe and light interactions on this low‐light‐adapted <jats:italic>Prochlorococcus</jats:italic> strain, and increases our understanding of the reasons for the wide distribution of this and possibly other <jats:italic>Prochlorococcus</jats:italic> strains in the ocean.","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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