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Advancing phenology in limnology and oceanography 推进湖沼学和海洋学中的物候学研究
IF 5.1 2区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10432
Hilary A. Dugan, Zachary S. Feiner, Monika Winder, Heidi M. Sosik, Emily H. Stanley
<p>Phenology, the study of the seasonal timing of natural phenomena, is a central construct in ecology, focusing on interactions between temporal changes in the physical environment and the structuring of annual organismal, population, community, and ecosystem dynamics (Forrest and Miller-Rushing <span>2010</span>). In aquatic ecology, phenology explicitly or implicitly forms the basis of several foundational concepts. For example, the match/mismatch hypothesis (Cushing <span>1990</span>) theorizes that the survival of newly hatched fish larvae will depend on their temporal overlap with peak production of their food resources, namely plankton, and was explicitly developed from earlier phenological studies of phytoplankton (Cushing <span>1967</span>) and fish spawning (Hjort <span>1914</span>; Cushing <span>1969</span>). The Plankton Ecology Group (PEG) model (Sommer et al. <span>1986</span>, <span>2012</span>) implicitly draws on phenological concepts to explain observed, predictable seasonal succession in plankton communities.</p><p>Despite the centrality of phenology in how we understand aquatic ecosystems, the study of aquatic phenology lags behind its terrestrial counterpart. We see three related explanations for slower progress in the aquatic realm. First and most simply, observing phenological phenomena in aquatic systems is difficult because they occur out of sight, and monitoring is costly as a result. Terrestrial research has benefited from the wealth of observations collected by well-coordinated volunteer networks (e.g., National Phenology Network [NPN], European Phenology Network, and the Global Phenological Monitoring Programme) that report observations often at a daily timescale outfitted with little to no equipment. Aquatic representation within these programs is largely limited to observations of the appearance of aquatic birds, large fish, amphibians, or budding/blooming of well-known riparian or wetland vegetation. The relative ease of tracking terrestrial organisms has also allowed deeper investigations of the ecological and evolutionary processes driving terrestrial phenology, including the ability of organisms to adapt to shifting seasonality (Anderson et al. <span>2012</span>; Kingsolver and Buckley <span>2015</span>). Thus, it is not surprising that a literature search on the study of phenology reveals a terrestrial bias, with studies dominated by topics such as the timing of bird migration or the appearance of various developmental stages among a range of plant species and locations.</p><p>Second, the problem of observing subsurface events or behaviors is compounded by the short life cycles and small body sizes of key aquatic groups. Short generation times mean that notable phenological events occur rapidly and briefly, and small body sizes allow many species to escape notice even under the best of circumstances. Thus, one cannot track the appearance and decline of a spring phytoplankton bloom or the emergence of zooplankto
物候学是对自然现象的季节性时间的研究,是生态学的核心概念,其重点是物理环境中的时间变化与年度生物、种群、群落和生态系统动态结构之间的相互作用(Forrest 和 Miller-Rushing,2010 年)。在水生生态学中,物候学或明或暗地构成了几个基本概念的基础。例如,"匹配/错配假说"(Cushing,1990 年)认为,新孵化鱼类幼体的存活率取决于其与食物资源(即浮游生物)生产高峰期的时间重合度,该假说是根据早期对浮游植物(Cushing,1967 年)和鱼类产卵(Hjort,1914 年;Cushing,1969 年)的物候学研究明确提出的。浮游生物生态学小组(PEG)模型(Sommer 等人,1986 年,2012 年)隐含地借鉴了物候学概念,以解释浮游生物群落中观察到的可预测的季节演替。我们认为水生领域进展缓慢有三个相关原因。首先,也是最简单的一点,水生系统中的物候现象很难观测,因为它们发生在视线之外,因此监测成本很高。陆地研究得益于协调良好的志愿者网络(如国家物候网络(NPN)、欧洲物候网络和全球物候监测计划)所收集的大量观测数据,这些网络通常每天都会报告观测结果,几乎不需要任何设备。在这些计划中,水生生物的代表性主要局限于观测水鸟、大型鱼类、两栖动物的出现,或知名河岸或湿地植被的萌芽/开花。陆地生物的追踪相对容易,这也使得人们能够更深入地研究驱动陆地物候的生态和进化过程,包括生物适应季节性变化的能力(Anderson 等,2012 年;Kingsolver 和 Buckley,2015 年)。因此,对物候学研究进行文献检索,就不难发现陆地物候学偏向于鸟类迁徙的时间或一系列植物物种和地点的不同发育阶段的出现等主题。世代时间短意味着显著的物候事件会迅速而短暂地发生,体型小使得许多物种即使在最好的情况下也能逃脱注意。因此,人们无法通过海岸线观测或简单的相机设置来跟踪春季浮游植物绽放的出现和衰退,或浮游动物从休眠期的出现。要记录这些和其他水生物候,需要在具有挑战性的条件下采用先进技术(遥感、自主浮标)和/或在数十年内频繁取样,才能评估其模式和变化。这些后勤障碍的最终结果是,对于某些生物而言,物候研究所需的连续十年数据集非常罕见或根本不存在(Woods 等,2022 年)。在海洋和内陆水域研究中,研究最多的物候现象是季节性冰的开始和融化以及浮游植物生物量高峰的时间(如 Racault 等,2012 年;Ji 等,2013 年;Henson 等,2018 年)。湖冰(Sharma 等,2016 年,2019 年)因其长达一个世纪的记录、面对气候变化时的快速变化以及由此带来的恶名而与众不同,已成为淡水世界的樱花(Aono 和 Kazui,2008 年)。这个例子表明了与陆地研究的区别:陆地研究主要强调物种层面的事件,而水生科学家则扩展了物候学的定义,将物理、化学以及生物事件都包括在内,通常关注生态系统过程以及物种动态。例如,分层和缺氧现象的出现通常用物候学的语言表达(Woolway 等,2021 年;Rohwer 等,2024 年),部分原因是物理生境对生态系统动力学的重要性(Ladwig 等,2022 年)。水生物候学研究的第二个显著特点是物候学(即时间)与季节性(即事件或过程的 周期性,可以承认也可以忽略其确切时间)的进一步延伸或混淆。
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引用次数: 0
Multiple climatic drivers increase pace and consequences of ecosystem change in the Arctic Coastal Ocean 多种气候驱动因素加快了北冰洋沿岸生态系统变化的速度并加剧了其后果
IF 5.1 2区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10431
Mikael K. Sejr, Amanda E. Poste, Paul E. Renaud

The impacts of climate change on Arctic marine systems are noticeable within the scientific “lifetime” of most researchers and the iconic image of a polar bear struggling to stay on top of a melting ice floe captures many of the dominant themes of Arctic marine ecosystem change. But has our focus on open-ocean systems and parameters that are more easily modeled and sensed remotely neglected an element that is responding more dramatically and with broader implications for Arctic ecosystems? We argue that a complementary set of changes to the open ocean is occurring along Arctic coasts, amplified by the interaction with changes on land and in the sea. We observe an increased number of ecosystem drivers with larger implications for the ecological and human communities they touch than are quantifiable in the open Arctic Ocean. Substantial knowledge gaps exist that must be filled to support adaptation and sustainability of socioecological systems along Arctic coasts.

气候变化对北极海洋系统的影响在大多数研究人员的科学 "有生之年 "都是显而易见的,北极熊在融化的浮冰上挣扎的标志性形象捕捉到了北极海洋生态系统变化的许多主导主题。但是,我们对开阔洋系统和参数的关注是否忽略了一个更容易建模和遥感的因素,而这个因素的反应更为剧烈,对北极生态系统的影响也更为广泛?我们认为,在与陆地和海洋变化的相互作用下,北极沿岸正在发生一系列与公海互补的变化。我们观察到生态系统驱动因素的数量有所增加,这些因素对其所涉及的生态和人类社区的影响比在开阔的北冰洋中可量化的影响更大。要支持北极沿岸社会生态系统的适应性和可持续性,必须填补大量的知识空白。
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引用次数: 0
A dataset of individual wet weights of benthic macroinvertebrates 底栖大型无脊椎动物个体湿重数据集
IF 5.1 2区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10428
Allison R. Hrycik, Lyubov E. Burlakova, Alexander Y. Karatayev, Susan E. Daniel, Ronald Dermott, Morgan Tarbell, Elizabeth K. Hinchey

Biomass estimates are crucial for modeling and understanding energy flow through ecosystems. Many modeling frameworks rely on published body weights of organisms to convert density estimates to biomass. However, published body weight data are limited to few taxa in a limited number of systems. Here we present mean individual weights for common benthic macroinvertebrates of the Laurentian Great Lakes from over 2000 benthic samples and 8 yr of data collection. We also compiled wet to dry weight conversions to facilitate data reuse for researchers interested in dry weight. We compared our benthic invertebrate weights to other lakes, demonstrating when weight measurements may be applied outside the Great Lakes. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of our calculations. Our dataset is applicable to food web energy flow models, calculation of secondary production, interpretation of trophic markers, and for understanding how biomass distribution varies by benthic invertebrate species in the Great Lakes.

生物量估算对于模拟和了解生态系统中的能量流至关重要。许多建模框架依赖于已公布的生物体重,将密度估算值转换为生物量。然而,已公布的体重数据仅限于有限系统中的少数分类群。在此,我们介绍了劳伦森五大湖常见底栖大型无脊椎动物的平均个体重量,这些数据来自 2000 多个底栖样本和 8 年的数据收集。我们还编制了湿重与干重的换算,以方便对干重感兴趣的研究人员重新使用数据。我们将底栖无脊椎动物的重量与其他湖泊进行了比较,证明了重量测量在五大湖以外地区的应用。敏感性分析证明了我们计算的稳健性。我们的数据集适用于食物网能量流模型、计算次生产量、解释营养标记以及了解五大湖底栖无脊椎动物物种的生物量分布如何变化。
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引用次数: 0
Eutrophication and urbanization enhance methane emissions from coastal lagoons 富营养化和城市化加剧了沿海泻湖的甲烷排放
IF 5.1 2区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10430
Stefano Bonaglia, Henry L. S. Cheung, Tobia Politi, Irma Vybernaite-Lubiene, Tristan McKenzie, Isaac R. Santos, Mindaugas Zilius

Coastal lagoons are important nutrient filters and carbon sinks but may release large amounts of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. Here, we hypothesize that eutrophication and population density will turn coastal lagoons into stronger methane emitters. We report benthic fluxes from 187 sediment cores incubated from three of the largest European lagoons suffering persistent eutrophication. Methane fluxes were mainly driven by sediment porosity, organic matter, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes. Methane was always supersaturated (250–49,000%) in lagoon waters leading to large, variable emissions of 0.04–26 mg CH4 m−2 d−1. Combining our new dataset with earlier estimates revealed a global coastal lagoon emission of 7.9 (1.4–34.7) Tg CH4 yr−1 with median values of 5.4 mg CH4 m−2 d−1. Lagoons with very highly populated catchments released much more methane (223 mg CH4 m−2 d−1). Overall, projected increases in eutrophication, organic loading and population densities will enhance methane fluxes from lagoons worldwide.

沿海泻湖是重要的营养物过滤器和碳汇,但可能会向大气释放大量甲烷(CH4)。在这里,我们假设富营养化和人口密度将使沿海泻湖成为更强的甲烷排放源。我们报告了从三个遭受持续富营养化的欧洲最大环礁湖培养的 187 个沉积物岩心中提取的底栖生物甲烷通量。甲烷通量主要受沉积物孔隙度、有机物和溶解无机碳(DIC)通量的影响。甲烷在泻湖水域中始终处于过饱和状态(250%-49,000%),导致了大量不同的排放量(0.04-26 毫克 CH4 m-2 d-1)。将我们的新数据集与之前的估计值相结合,发现全球沿海泻湖的甲烷排放量为 7.9 (1.4-34.7) Tg CH4 yr-1,中值为 5.4 mg CH4 m-2 d-1。人口密度非常高的集水区释放的甲烷要多得多(223 毫克 CH4 m-2 d-1)。总体而言,预计富营养化、有机负荷和人口密度的增加将提高全球泻湖的甲烷通量。
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引用次数: 0
Tagging of water masses with covariance of trace metals and prokaryotic taxa in the Southern Ocean 用南大洋痕量金属和原核生物分类群的协方差标记水团
IF 5.1 2区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10429
Rui Zhang, Stéphane Blain, Corentin Baudet, Hélène Planquette, Frédéric Vivier, Philippe Catala, Olivier Crispi, Audrey Guéneuguès, Barbara Marie, Pavla Debeljak, Ingrid Obernosterer

Marine microbes are strongly interrelated to trace metals in the ocean. How the availability of trace metals selects for prokaryotic taxa and the potential feedback of microbial processes on the trace metal distribution in the ocean remain poorly understood. We investigate here the potential reciprocal links between diverse prokaryotic taxa and iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) as well as apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) across 12 well-defined water masses in the Southern Indian Ocean (SWINGS—South West Indian Ocean GEOTRACES GS02 Section cruise). Applying partial least square regression (PLSR) analysis, we show that the water masses are associated with particular latent vectors that are a combination of the spatial distribution of prokaryotic taxa, trace elements, and AOU. This approach provides novel insights on the potential interactions between prokaryotic taxa and trace metals in relation to organic matter remineralization in distinct water masses of the ocean.

海洋微生物与海洋中的痕量金属密切相关。人们对痕量金属如何选择原核生物类群以及微生物过程对海洋痕量金属分布的潜在反馈作用仍然知之甚少。我们在此研究了南印度洋(SWINGS-西南印度洋 GEOTRACES GS02 航段)12 个明确界定的水团中不同原核生物类群与铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)和镍(Ni)以及表观氧利用率(AOU)之间的潜在相互联系。通过偏最小二乘法回归(PLSR)分析,我们发现这些水团与特定的潜在矢量有关,这些矢量是原核生物分类群、痕量元素和表观氧利用率空间分布的组合。这种方法为原核生物类群与痕量金属之间的潜在相互作用提供了新的见解,这种相互作用与海洋中不同水团的有机物再矿化有关。
{"title":"Tagging of water masses with covariance of trace metals and prokaryotic taxa in the Southern Ocean","authors":"Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Stéphane Blain,&nbsp;Corentin Baudet,&nbsp;Hélène Planquette,&nbsp;Frédéric Vivier,&nbsp;Philippe Catala,&nbsp;Olivier Crispi,&nbsp;Audrey Guéneuguès,&nbsp;Barbara Marie,&nbsp;Pavla Debeljak,&nbsp;Ingrid Obernosterer","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10429","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lol2.10429","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Marine microbes are strongly interrelated to trace metals in the ocean. How the availability of trace metals selects for prokaryotic taxa and the potential feedback of microbial processes on the trace metal distribution in the ocean remain poorly understood. We investigate here the potential reciprocal links between diverse prokaryotic taxa and iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) as well as apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) across 12 well-defined water masses in the Southern Indian Ocean (<i>SWINGS—South West Indian Ocean GEOTRACES GS02 Section</i> cruise). Applying partial least square regression (PLSR) analysis, we show that the water masses are associated with particular latent vectors that are a combination of the spatial distribution of prokaryotic taxa, trace elements, and AOU. This approach provides novel insights on the potential interactions between prokaryotic taxa and trace metals in relation to organic matter remineralization in distinct water masses of the ocean.</p>","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"9 6","pages":"776-784"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lol2.10429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phenology of gross primary productivity in rivers displays high variability within years but stability across years 河流总初级生产力的物候学显示出年内的高变异性和跨年的稳定性
IF 5.1 2区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10407
Nicholas S. Marzolf, Michael J. Vlah, Heili E. Lowman, Weston M. Slaughter, Emily S. Bernhardt

Modeling and sensor innovations in the last decade have enabled routine and continuous estimation of daily gross primary productivity (GPP) for rivers. Here, we generate and evaluate within and across year variability for 59 US rivers for which we have compiled a 14-yr time series of daily GPP estimates. River productivity varied widely across (median annual GPP 462 g C m−2 yr−1, range 19–3445 g C m−2 yr−1) and within rivers (CVGPP-Inter 5.7–37.3%). Within this dataset, we found that five rivers have become consistently more productive over time, while 11 rivers have become consistently less productive. Furthermore, trends in ecosystem phenology were identified, where cumulative annual GPP was reached earlier (n = 3) and later (n = 13) in the year across the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles. Understanding the drivers of productivity trends in rivers will elucidate patterns in river food webs and the functional role of river biogeochemistry.

过去十年中,建模和传感器的创新使我们能够对河流的每日总初级生产力(GPP)进行常规、连续的估算。在此,我们生成并评估了美国 59 条河流的年内和跨年变异性,并对其进行了 14 年的每日总初级生产力估算时间序列。不同河流之间(年 GPP 中位数为 462 g C m-2 yr-1,范围为 19-3445 g C m-2 yr-1)和河流内部(CVGPP-Inter 5.7-37.3%)的河流生产力差异很大。在该数据集中,我们发现随着时间的推移,5 条河流的生产力持续提高,而 11 条河流的生产力持续降低。此外,我们还发现了生态系统物候学的趋势,在第 25、50、75 和 95 百分位数中,年累积总生产力在一年中达到的时间有早(3 条)和晚(13 条)之分。了解河流生产力趋势的驱动因素将有助于阐明河流食物网的模式以及河流生物地球化学的功能作用。
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引用次数: 0
Unleashing the power of remote sensing data in aquatic research: Guidelines for optimal utilization 在水产研究中释放遥感数据的力量:最佳利用准则
IF 5.1 2区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10427
Igor Ogashawara, Sabine Wollrab, Stella A. Berger, Christine Kiel, Andreas Jechow, Alexis L. N. Guislain, Peter Gege, Thomas Ruhtz, Martin Hieronymi, Thomas Schneider, Gunnar Lischeid, Gabriel A. Singer, Franz Hölker, Hans-Peter Grossart, Jens C. Nejstgaard
<p>The use of satellite remote sensing for monitoring water quality in inland water systems has been growing in the last decades especially due to the development of new orbital sensors (Kutser et al. <span>2020</span>; Ogashawara <span>2021</span>). Earth observations provide new angles for limnology, such as a universal perspective of multiple aquatic ecosystems simultaneously, regional to global coverage, the potential to acquire time series of data and its valuable input to predictive models. Additionally, it allows the retrieval of several parameters across the surfaces of an increasing number of smaller lakes, providing not only the surface area and elevation, but also surface biogeochemical data. The exponential growth of studies using this technology highlights that the improved computing resources, increased amount of satellite imagery, and development of operational remote sensing algorithms to understand complex inland water systems is now a reality (Topp et al. <span>2020</span>).</p><p>With the increasing access to satellite data, several organizations are developing remote sensing-based products for water quality. These products are currently distributed by national and international agencies (i.e., European Space Agency [ESA], US Geological Survey [USGS]), international programs (i.e., Copernicus Marine, Copernicus Land, and Copernicus Climate Change), academic research (i.e., Minnesota Lake Browser, https://lakes.rs.umn.edu/), and private industry (i.e., CyanoLakes, https://www.cyanolakes.com/; CyanoAlert, https://cyanoalert.com/). Typically, the data behind these products have undergone substantial processing including atmospheric correction, identification of quality issues, and bio-geo-optical algorithms to derive the desired bio-geophysical variables. Figure 1 exemplifies the main procedures for generating a quality controlled remote sensing-based water quality product (inland, coastal, and marine). Procedures are divided into five types: (1) the initial data needed (the Level 1 satellite imagery, the in situ radiometric data, the in situ bio-geo-optical properties [especially inherent optical properties] and in situ water quality curated data); (2) the remote sensing processes (atmospheric correction and bio-geo-optical modeling), 3) the validation processes (of the remote sensing processes using in situ collected data); (4) the remote sensing-based products such as the atmospheric and glint correction imagery; and (5) the water quality products which are produced by applying the selected bio-geo-optical algorithms (locally and seasonally adapted to the dominating water constituents and validated with in situ water quality data) to the atmospherically corrected image. Finally, the remote sensing-based product needs to pass a quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) to generate a final curated product.</p><p>As presented in Fig. 1, obtaining remote sensing-based water quality products is intricate, particularly for inland
过去几十年来,卫星遥感技术在监测内陆水系水质方面的应用不断增加,特别是由于新型轨道传感器的发展(Kutser 等,2020 年;Ogashawara,2021 年)。对地观测为湖泊学提供了新的视角,如同时观测多个水生生态系统的普遍视角、区域到全球的覆盖范围、获取时间序列数据的潜力及其对预测模型的宝贵投入。此外,它还可以检索越来越多的小型湖泊表面的多个参数,不仅提供表面积和海拔高度,还提供表面生物地球化学数据。利用该技术进行的研究呈指数级增长,这突出表明计算资源的改善、卫星图像数量的增加,以及用于了解复杂内陆水系的实用遥感算法的开发现已成为现实(Topp 等,2020 年)。这些产品目前由国家和国际机构(即欧洲航天局 [ESA]、美国地质调查局 [USGS])、国际项目(即哥白尼海洋、哥白尼陆地和哥白尼气候变化)、学术研究(即明尼苏达湖泊浏览器,https://lakes.rs.umn.edu/)和私营企业(即 CyanoLakes,https://www.cyanolakes.com/;CyanoAlert,https://cyanoalert.com/)分发。通常情况下,这些产品背后的数据都经过大量处理,包括大气校正、质量问题识别和生物地球光学算法,以得出所需的生物地球物理变量。图 1 举例说明了生成基于质量控制的遥感水质产品(内陆、沿岸和海洋)的主要程序。程序分为五类:(1) 所需的初始数据(1 级卫星图像、原位辐射数据、原位生物地理光学特性[特别是固有 光学特性]和原位水质曲线数据);(2) 遥感过程(大气校正和生物地理光学建模);(3) 验证过程(利 用原位采集的数据对遥感过程进行验证);(4) 基于遥感的产品,如大气校正和闪烁校正图像;以及 (5) 水质产品,通过将选定的生物地球光学算法(根据当地和季节的主要水成 分进行调整,并利用现场水质数据进行验证)应用于大气校正图像而生成。最后,基于遥感的产品需要通过质量保证和质量控制(QA/QC),以生成最终的策划产品。如图 1 所示,获得基于遥感的水质产品非常复杂,尤其是对于内陆水域,由于水体中光学活性成分(OACs;即浮游植物色素、有色溶解有机物 [CDOM] 和沉积物)的自然波动很大,这些水域的光学特性变化很大(Ogashawara 等人,2017 年)。为了说明这种复杂性,藻类大量繁殖可表现为富含 CDOM 的褐色水体和引起浑浊的移动沉积物(Lebret 等,2018 年)。由于这种光学复杂性,许多基于遥感技术的海洋颜色产品会掩盖浑浊水域,导致许多淡水系统被排除在外。为促进对遥感技术的利用,并加强对遥感数据使用权衡的理解,本信讨论了(i)导致遥感数据解释问题的主要问题;(ii)误读的后果;以及(iii)建议利用遥感数据的策略,以及有助于可靠校准和验证基于遥感的水质产品的方法。选择遥感产品是湖泊学研究的首要考虑因素之一。基于遥感的产品是为开阔海域(海 洋颜色产品)、沿岸或内陆水域设计的,在做出选择之前,关键是要弄清它们之间的差 别。这些差异源于水体中光的可用性,近似地讲,(1) 开阔海域主要吸收可见光的红色部分,(2) 沿岸水域和清澈的内陆水域吸收蓝光和红光,(3) 浑浊的内陆水域强烈吸收可见光的短波长到红色部分(Kirk,2011 年)。了解光与水之间相互作用的这些变化,有助于在处理遥感数据时决定使用适当的光谱区域,以进行大气校正和生物地球光学建模。 从卫星数据中计算叶绿素 a(Chl a)浓度就是一个强调选择适当光谱区域重要性的例子。由于叶绿素 a 在 440 纳米附近的吸收和极低的 CDOM 背景信号,为开阔海域开发的处理算法依赖于蓝绿光谱带的比值(O'Reilly 和 Werdell,2019 年)。相比之下,沿岸水域产品采用神经网络方法利用整个光谱(Brockmann 等,2016 年),而迄今为止的内陆水域遥感产品通常基于 665 纳米(Chl a 吸收的红色峰值)和 700 纳米(藻类细胞散射,Gitelson,1992 年)附近的红边水生反射率之比进行计算。由于开阔海域的 Chl a 浓度较低,红色范围内的光谱带通常被水吸收,不适合进行 Chl a 采集。在内陆水域(通常存在 CDOM),蓝色光谱带通常被 CDOM 的吸收所主导,掩盖了 440 纳米波长处的 Chl a 吸收,从而有利于使用 665 纳米波长处的 Chl a 吸收。作为比较,最近开发的原位 Chl a 传感器使用红光激发,而不是传统的蓝光激发,以应对沿海和内陆水域的典型光学挑战。此外,必须强调的是,开阔洋、沿岸和内陆水域的 Chl a 遥感产品已针对不同的浓度范围进行了优化,这是在使用数据前应考虑的一个因素。由于不同类型的水与光之间的关系错综复杂,因此了解基于遥感技术的水质产品中的遥感数据处理方法对于了解每种产品的优缺点至关重要。图 2A 展示了不同水生环境中典型的水生反射光谱(遥感反射率)示例,直观地突出了光与水之间的对比交互作用。图 2BD,F 展示了德国东北部梅克伦堡-勃兰登堡湖区(Ogashawara 等人,2021 年)湖泊上空的哨兵 2 号多光谱仪器(MSI)提供的三种基于遥感的 Chl a 产品,以说明选择最适合的方法估算 Chl a 浓度的重要性。我们选择了传统的遥感方法:(i) 开阔海洋(图 2B);(ii) 内陆水域;(iii) 沿海水域(图 2F)。对哨兵 2 号 MSI 图像(场景 ID:GS2A_20190726T102031_021369_N02.08)的这三种不同的遥感产品之间的视觉差异,可通过各自的遥感估算 Chl a 浓度与实验室在同一天使用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测量的水样 Chl a 浓度的散点图(分别见图 2C、E、G)得到进一步证实。在这些例子中,可以观察到开阔海域方法(图 2C)低估了 Chl a 浓度,内陆水域方法(图 2E)低估了富营养化程度较高水域的 Chl a 浓度,而沿岸方法(图 2G)则低估了所有 Chl a 浓度。这些结果与前文所述一致,即在湖泊中采用开阔海域方法时,由于可见光谱的蓝色和绿 色区域的使用受到 CDOM 的严重影响,其结果可能会严重低估 Chl a 的真实浓度,特别是在 浑浊水域中。这也凸显了使用原位数据验证所选卫星产品的重要性--因为验证过程对质量保证/质量控制至关重要(见图 1)。内陆水域(图 1)遥感数据处理的一大挑战是大气校正(Pahlevan 等,2021 年)。大气校正是在卫星或机载传感器观测地球表面目标的视场中消除大气光学效应的过程。大气校正的一部分是闪烁校正,它可以去除从太阳镜面反射到水面的光以及从天空反射到传感器的光产生的测量信号。卫星测量到的总信号中约有 90% 来自大气层(IOCCG,2010 年),闪烁光的强度可能会高于水面离开辐射的强度,这取决于水的亮度、太阳方位角和波长。因此,水上校正方法的精度要求远高于陆地。图 3 展示了一个富营养化湖泊的平均反射率光谱,该湖泊的哨兵 2 号 MSI 图像未进行大气校正(大气顶反射率-RTOA),使用了陆基大气校正(表面反射率-SR),并在计算遥感反射率 (Rrs) 时使用了水生大气校正。 最近的一项研究对大地遥
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引用次数: 0
Biologically driven isotope fractionation in ultrastructurally different shell portions of freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera): Implications for stream water δ18O reconstructions 淡水珍珠贻贝(Margaritifera margaritifera)超微结构不同贝壳部分的生物驱动同位素分馏:对溪水δ18O 重建的影响
IF 5.1 2区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10426
Christoph J. Gey, Laurent Pfister, Guilhem Türk, Frankie Thielen, Loic Leonard, Katharina E. Schmitt, Bernd R. Schöne

Oxygen isotopes in stream water can serve as natural tracers of watershed dynamics. Freshwater pearl mussels provide δ18Owater estimates that overcome temporal and spatial limitations of instrumental records. The reliability of shell-based δ18Owater reconstructions depends on understanding which shell layer biomineralizes closer to oxygen isotopic equilibrium with ambient water. To determine this, both the (outer) prismatic and (inner) nacreous sublayers of the outer shell layer were sampled. Over 2500 isotope values were obtained from shells collected from the Our River (Luxembourg) and from mussels cultured in tanks at constant temperature and monitored δ18Owater. Calculated δ18Owater from the prismatic portion was in excellent agreement with monitored δ18Owater, while δ18Oshell of the nacreous portion was systematically offset by +0.43‰, overestimating δ18Owater by +0.53‰. Although shell portions were formed simultaneously from the same extrapallial fluid, they underwent different fractionation mechanisms, presumably due to differences in carbonic anhydrase activity catalyzing mineralization processes.

溪水中的氧同位素可以作为流域动态的天然示踪剂。淡水珍珠贝提供的δ18O 水估计值克服了仪器记录在时间和空间上的局限性。基于贝壳的δ18O 水重建的可靠性取决于了解哪一层贝壳的生物矿化更接近与环境水的氧同位素平衡。为了确定这一点,对外壳层的(外)棱柱状亚层和(内)珍珠质亚层都进行了取样。从渭河(卢森堡)采集的贝壳和在恒温池中养殖的贻贝中获得了 2500 多个同位素值,并对 δ18O 水进行了监测。棱柱部分的δ18O水计算值与监测到的δ18O水非常一致,而珍珠质部分的δ18Oshell则系统地偏移了+0.43‰,高估了δ18O水+0.53‰。虽然贝壳部分是由相同的藻外液同时形成的,但它们经历了不同的分馏机制,这可能是由于催化矿化过程的碳酸酐酶活性不同造成的。
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引用次数: 0
What's hot and what's not in the aquatic sciences—Understanding and improving news coverage 水产科学中的热点和非热点--了解和改进新闻报道
IF 5.1 2区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10425
John A. Downing

The frequency of news reporting about scientific topics is positively related to public interest as well as to public support for science funding and public policy change. This correlation can also have positive impacts on individual scientific careers depending on the chosen subject area of research. Analysis of a public news database shows the frequency and trends in news reporting of several popular research areas in the aquatic sciences. The frequency of appearance of topics in the news varies over more than three orders of magnitude. Temporal trends in reporting vary from steeply increasing (+25% per year) to declining (−4% per year). Suggestions are offered concerning the framing of research topics and overall better communication of research findings to journalists and the general public. This understanding may increase news prominence, public interest, science funding, and policy change in aquatic research areas.

有关科学主题的新闻报道频率与公众兴趣以及公众对科学资助和公共政策变革的支持呈正相关。根据所选研究领域的不同,这种相关性也会对个人的科学生涯产生积极影响。对公共新闻数据库的分析显示了水产科学中几个热门研究领域的新闻报道频率和趋势。这些主题在新闻中出现的频率相差超过三个数量级。报道的时间趋势从急剧增加(每年+25%)到减少(每年-4%)不等。我们就研究课题的框架以及更好地向记者和公众传播研究成果提出了建议。这种理解可能会提高水产研究领域的新闻显著性、公众兴趣、科学资助和政策变化。
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal patterns of microbial diversity across the world oceans 全球海洋微生物多样性的季节模式
IF 5.1 2区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10422
Eric J. Raes, Shannon Myles, Liam MacNeil, Matthias Wietz, Christina Bienhold, Karen Tait, Paul J. Somerfield, Andrew Bissett, Jodie van de Kamp, Josep M. Gasol, Ramon Massana, Yi-Chun Yeh, Jed A. Fuhrman, Julie LaRoche

Understanding the patterns of marine microbial diversity (Bacteria + Archaea) is essential, as variations in their alpha- and beta-diversities can affect ecological processes. Investigations of microbial diversity from global oceanographic expeditions and basin-wide transects show positive correlations between microbial diversity and either temperature or productivity, but these studies rarely captured seasonality, especially in polar regions. Here, using multiannual alpha-diversity data from eight time series in the northern and southern hemispheres, we show that marine microbial community richness and evenness generally correlate more strongly with daylength than with temperature or chlorophyll a (a proxy for photosynthetic biomass). This pattern is observable across time series found in the northern and southern hemispheres regardless of collection method, DNA extraction protocols, targeted 16S rRNA hypervariable region, sequencing technology, or bioinformatics pipeline.

了解海洋微生物(细菌和古细菌)多样性的模式至关重要,因为其α-和β-多样性的变化会影响生态过程。全球海洋考察和全海盆横断面微生物多样性调查显示,微生物多样性与温度或生产力之间存在正相关关系,但这些研究很少捕捉到季节性,尤其是在极地地区。在这里,我们利用南北半球八个时间序列的多年度α-多样性数据表明,海洋微生物群落的丰富度和均匀度与昼长的相关性通常比与温度或叶绿素 a(光合生物量的代表)的相关性更强。无论采集方法、DNA 提取方案、目标 16S rRNA 超变区、测序技术或生物信息学管道如何,在南北半球发现的时间序列中都能观察到这种模式。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Limnology and Oceanography Letters
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