Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54279/mijeec.v3i3.246173
Basma Yahya Alashwal, Mohamed Saad Bala, Arun Gupta, Triveni Soubam
There Design of Experiment (DOE) has developed into a valuable collection technique for statistical and mathematical processes used in modelling and analysis of problems involving multiple variables influencing the desired response. Numerous researchers and engineers use this technique in a variety of fields, including botany, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and other engineering disciplines. This review article summarised key points from the Design of Experiments Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Design of experiments (DOE) has guidelines and procedures, but the literature does not recommend a specific method for finding and selecting the best possible design from a large number of possible designs.
{"title":"Strategies using of Design of Experiments (DOE) techniques: In view of a Review","authors":"Basma Yahya Alashwal, Mohamed Saad Bala, Arun Gupta, Triveni Soubam","doi":"10.54279/mijeec.v3i3.246173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i3.246173","url":null,"abstract":"There Design of Experiment (DOE) has developed into a valuable collection technique for statistical and mathematical processes used in modelling and analysis of problems involving multiple variables influencing the desired response. Numerous researchers and engineers use this technique in a variety of fields, including botany, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and other engineering disciplines. This review article summarised key points from the Design of Experiments Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Design of experiments (DOE) has guidelines and procedures, but the literature does not recommend a specific method for finding and selecting the best possible design from a large number of possible designs.","PeriodicalId":18176,"journal":{"name":"Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76219900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to characterize and evaluate an inedible giant water lily as a bioenergy feedstock. The conversion of giant water lily organics to bioenergy can produce renewable energy. Composition study indicated that giant water lily is an excellent feedstock for bioethanol and biogas production. Fermentation effluent wastes from anaerobic digestion were transformed directly into ethanol using an alkali pretreatment. Under mild operating conditions, alkaline pretreatment with NaOH enhanced ethanol and biogas output. Anaerobic digestion of giant water lily yielded a methane content of 62.44% digestion with cow dung inoculum. The highest ever achieved was an ethanol yield of 4.82 g/L of digested effluent after only 24 hours of fermentation. The pretreated materials were then enzymatically hydrolyzed, fermented to ethanol. Furthermore, co-digestion in biogas plants may be economically advantageous for biorefineries because the by-products (digestate) are obtained within the biorefinery itself and are acceptable for external feedstocks for ethanol fermentation.
{"title":"Efficient conversion of night-blooming giant water lily into bioethanol and biogas","authors":"Pattranan Junluthin, Tipsukhon Pimpimol, Niwooti Whangchai","doi":"10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245901","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to characterize and evaluate an inedible giant water lily as a bioenergy feedstock. The conversion of giant water lily organics to bioenergy can produce renewable energy. Composition study indicated that giant water lily is an excellent feedstock for bioethanol and biogas production. Fermentation effluent wastes from anaerobic digestion were transformed directly into ethanol using an alkali pretreatment. Under mild operating conditions, alkaline pretreatment with NaOH enhanced ethanol and biogas output. Anaerobic digestion of giant water lily yielded a methane content of 62.44% digestion with cow dung inoculum. The highest ever achieved was an ethanol yield of 4.82 g/L of digested effluent after only 24 hours of fermentation. The pretreated materials were then enzymatically hydrolyzed, fermented to ethanol. Furthermore, co-digestion in biogas plants may be economically advantageous for biorefineries because the by-products (digestate) are obtained within the biorefinery itself and are acceptable for external feedstocks for ethanol fermentation.","PeriodicalId":18176,"journal":{"name":"Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication","volume":"271 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77175435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-15DOI: 10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245731
Abdul Wahab, Muzamir Hassan, Zaheer ud din, Qamar uz Zaman
Soil is a mixture of various materials such as air, water, and organic matter. Soft soil (peat) has very deprived physical properties such as low shear strength, high moisture content, high compressibility, and permeability. In an engineering perspective it is considered as a weak soil, while an the agricultural context it is considered as a rich soil because of high amount of carbon. Heavy metals such as arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and lead are considered highly toxic, and it may produce mutagenic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic effects. This study examined the heavy metals concentration of peat soil. There were nine peat samples collected from three different sites which are Kampung Bahru (KB), Kampung Lancang I (KL I), and Kampung Lancang II (KL II), Pekan district, Pahang State, Malaysia. This research indicated that the average organic content were 97.8 % for KB, 95.88 % for KL I, and 98.48 % for KL II approximately for peat soil. It concluded that the concentration of As, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn exceeded the standard guidelines, and Mg concentration was observed below the recommended guidelines. It is essential to extract these metals and further assess their toxicological impact on the environment and human health.
{"title":"Heavy metals concentration in undisturbed peat soil at Pekan District, Pahang, West Malaysia","authors":"Abdul Wahab, Muzamir Hassan, Zaheer ud din, Qamar uz Zaman","doi":"10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245731","url":null,"abstract":"Soil is a mixture of various materials such as air, water, and organic matter. Soft soil (peat) has very deprived physical properties such as low shear strength, high moisture content, high compressibility, and permeability. In an engineering perspective it is considered as a weak soil, while an the agricultural context it is considered as a rich soil because of high amount of carbon. Heavy metals such as arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and lead are considered highly toxic, and it may produce mutagenic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic effects. This study examined the heavy metals concentration of peat soil. There were nine peat samples collected from three different sites which are Kampung Bahru (KB), Kampung Lancang I (KL I), and Kampung Lancang II (KL II), Pekan district, Pahang State, Malaysia. This research indicated that the average organic content were 97.8 % for KB, 95.88 % for KL I, and 98.48 % for KL II approximately for peat soil. It concluded that the concentration of As, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn exceeded the standard guidelines, and Mg concentration was observed below the recommended guidelines. It is essential to extract these metals and further assess their toxicological impact on the environment and human health.","PeriodicalId":18176,"journal":{"name":"Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79216208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-15DOI: 10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245840
Raúl García García, G. Orozco Gamboa, Marco Antonio Zamora Antuñano, Marisela Cruz Ramírez, Saturnino García García, Lourdes Vital López, Eyra Liliana Ortiz Pérez
Renewable energy sources have been regarded as the best alternative for energy generation because they are environmentally friendly and can be renewed. Among the sources of renewable energy is the photovoltaic system. The generation of energy through clean energies such as photovoltaic systems connected to the grid have shown sustained growth for years in residences, commercial centers, and industry. Therefore, a practical study of a photovoltaic system connected to the grid of a specific industry in the San Juan del Río region was carried out to determine the effectiveness and the cost efficiency of running a photovoltaic system connected to a grid. We also investigated the fastest possible time to get return on investment. The return on investment was estimated using the peak solar hours, numbers of panels, inverter, conductors, and DC and AC protectors. Although, the cost of starting a photovoltaic system can be quite expensive, our analysis revealed that the return on the investment can start to come to effect within a very short period. The policy implication of this is that the government should encourage investment on the photovoltaic system through financial support to firm and other policies that can make delivery cheaper for the customers.
{"title":"Sizing photovoltaic systems interconnected to the grid in the industry","authors":"Raúl García García, G. Orozco Gamboa, Marco Antonio Zamora Antuñano, Marisela Cruz Ramírez, Saturnino García García, Lourdes Vital López, Eyra Liliana Ortiz Pérez","doi":"10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245840","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy sources have been regarded as the best alternative for energy generation because they are environmentally friendly and can be renewed. Among the sources of renewable energy is the photovoltaic system. The generation of energy through clean energies such as photovoltaic systems connected to the grid have shown sustained growth for years in residences, commercial centers, and industry. Therefore, a practical study of a photovoltaic system connected to the grid of a specific industry in the San Juan del Río region was carried out to determine the effectiveness and the cost efficiency of running a photovoltaic system connected to a grid. We also investigated the fastest possible time to get return on investment. The return on investment was estimated using the peak solar hours, numbers of panels, inverter, conductors, and DC and AC protectors. Although, the cost of starting a photovoltaic system can be quite expensive, our analysis revealed that the return on the investment can start to come to effect within a very short period. The policy implication of this is that the government should encourage investment on the photovoltaic system through financial support to firm and other policies that can make delivery cheaper for the customers.","PeriodicalId":18176,"journal":{"name":"Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77186027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a pressing need to develop wound healing spray that can utilize it for the treatment of skin rebuilding. Wound healing involves the regeneration and tissue repair process with the sequence of molecular and cellular measures that ensue the onset of a tissue lesion to reestablish the damaged tissue. This study aimed to produce the best formulation of keratin-based wound spray which was prepared by varying of the keratin concentration to suit for human nature skin and can be promoted for the wound healing process. A wound-healing bouquet was prepared with keratin as the primary substituent mixed with 2-phenyl ethanol, methyl lactate, and methyl propanediol to rejuvenate the skin effectively. The keratin has been extracted from chicken feathers which have high levels of protein source. Keratinocytes containing keratin migrate from the wound edges to cover the wound during the remedial process. The samples are characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the functional groups and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) for heavy metal analysis. The characteristics of keratin-based wound spray from chicken feather made it an effective wound care product. The pH value of the formulation possesses a little acidic nature (pH 5.56) where is considered an appropriate nature to prevent the growth of bacteria. This wound healing spray gives a suitable domain of cure efficiency to the injured region as they have ideal levels of pH.
{"title":"Synthesis of keratin spray from chicken feathers for biomedical applications","authors":"Mohamed Saad Bala, Liyana Maryam, Basma Yahya Alashwal, Arun Gupta, Triveni Soubam, Swati Sharma","doi":"10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245225","url":null,"abstract":"There is a pressing need to develop wound healing spray that can utilize it for the treatment of skin rebuilding. Wound healing involves the regeneration and tissue repair process with the sequence of molecular and cellular measures that ensue the onset of a tissue lesion to reestablish the damaged tissue. This study aimed to produce the best formulation of keratin-based wound spray which was prepared by varying of the keratin concentration to suit for human nature skin and can be promoted for the wound healing process. A wound-healing bouquet was prepared with keratin as the primary substituent mixed with 2-phenyl ethanol, methyl lactate, and methyl propanediol to rejuvenate the skin effectively. The keratin has been extracted from chicken feathers which have high levels of protein source. Keratinocytes containing keratin migrate from the wound edges to cover the wound during the remedial process. The samples are characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the functional groups and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) for heavy metal analysis. The characteristics of keratin-based wound spray from chicken feather made it an effective wound care product. The pH value of the formulation possesses a little acidic nature (pH 5.56) where is considered an appropriate nature to prevent the growth of bacteria. This wound healing spray gives a suitable domain of cure efficiency to the injured region as they have ideal levels of pH.","PeriodicalId":18176,"journal":{"name":"Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89791439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245179
Romel Leo B. Alojado, Glennise Faye C. Mejica, Rj Junsay, Francis Ann Siosan, Nolan C. Tolosa
Rice is considered one of the staple foods in Southeast Asian countries, most especially in the Philippines. There are many factors needed to be considered in growing rice crops: the soil nutrient, the climate, the water supply, and the fertilizer used as a supplement to crop growth. But one important thing that farmers should consider is the infestation of pests, specifically the green leafhoppers, which is the primary carrier of tungro virus. This virus affects the growth and development of rice crops. This study aims to investigate the insecticidal effect of Bambusa vulgaris and Bambusa malingensis shoot and leaves extract against green leafhoppers (Nephotettix virescens). The extract was obtained by the decoction method. Phytochemical analysis of the two bamboo species has been carried out, as it was found out that both of them contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides. The results showed that both the shoot and leaves extract of Bambusa vulgaris and the shoot extract of Bambusa malingensis have potential insecticidal activity against Nephotettix virescens. Further research is needed to identify other factors that could strengthen the effectiveness of applying the extract to the insect specimen.
{"title":"A comparative study on the insecticidal property of Bambusa vulgaris and Bambusa malingensis shoot and leaf extract against green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens)","authors":"Romel Leo B. Alojado, Glennise Faye C. Mejica, Rj Junsay, Francis Ann Siosan, Nolan C. Tolosa","doi":"10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245179","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is considered one of the staple foods in Southeast Asian countries, most especially in the Philippines. There are many factors needed to be considered in growing rice crops: the soil nutrient, the climate, the water supply, and the fertilizer used as a supplement to crop growth. But one important thing that farmers should consider is the infestation of pests, specifically the green leafhoppers, which is the primary carrier of tungro virus. This virus affects the growth and development of rice crops. This study aims to investigate the insecticidal effect of Bambusa vulgaris and Bambusa malingensis shoot and leaves extract against green leafhoppers (Nephotettix virescens). The extract was obtained by the decoction method. Phytochemical analysis of the two bamboo species has been carried out, as it was found out that both of them contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides. The results showed that both the shoot and leaves extract of Bambusa vulgaris and the shoot extract of Bambusa malingensis have potential insecticidal activity against Nephotettix virescens. Further research is needed to identify other factors that could strengthen the effectiveness of applying the extract to the insect specimen.","PeriodicalId":18176,"journal":{"name":"Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87378094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-04DOI: 10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245174
Wael Sulayman Miftah Ammar, Ying Shi
Bores propagating in shallow water transform into undular bores and, finally, into trains of solitons. The observed number and height of these undulations and later discrete solitons are strongly dependent on the propagation length of the bore. Empirical results show that the final height of the leading soliton in the far-field is twice the initial mean bore height. The complete disintegration of the initial bore into a train of solitons requires very long propagation, but unfortunately, these required distances are usually not available in experimental tests of nature. Therefore, the analysis of the bore decomposition for experimental data into solitons is complicated and requires different approaches. Previous studies have shown that by applying the nonlinear Fourier transform based on the Ko- rteweg–de Vries equation (KdV-NFT) to bores and long-period waves propagating in constant depth, the number and height of all solitons can be reliably predicted already based on the initial bore-shaped free surface. Against this background, this study presents the systematic analysis of the leading-soliton amplitudes for non-breaking and breaking bores with different strengths in different water depths to validate the KdV-NFT results for non-breaking bores to show the limitations of wave breaking on the spectral results. The analytical results are compared with data from experimental tests, numerical simulations and other approaches from the literature.
{"title":"The application of the KdV type equation in engineering simulation","authors":"Wael Sulayman Miftah Ammar, Ying Shi","doi":"10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245174","url":null,"abstract":"Bores propagating in shallow water transform into undular bores and, finally, into trains of solitons. The observed number and height of these undulations and later discrete solitons are strongly dependent on the propagation length of the bore. Empirical results show that the final height of the leading soliton in the far-field is twice the initial mean bore height. The complete disintegration of the initial bore into a train of solitons requires very long propagation, but unfortunately, these required distances are usually not available in experimental tests of nature. Therefore, the analysis of the bore decomposition for experimental data into solitons is complicated and requires different approaches. Previous studies have shown that by applying the nonlinear Fourier transform based on the Ko- rteweg–de Vries equation (KdV-NFT) to bores and long-period waves propagating in constant depth, the number and height of all solitons can be reliably predicted already based on the initial bore-shaped free surface. Against this background, this study presents the systematic analysis of the leading-soliton amplitudes for non-breaking and breaking bores with different strengths in different water depths to validate the KdV-NFT results for non-breaking bores to show the limitations of wave breaking on the spectral results. The analytical results are compared with data from experimental tests, numerical simulations and other approaches from the literature.","PeriodicalId":18176,"journal":{"name":"Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83378037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-25DOI: 10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245167
Obey Gotore, Vadzanayi Mushayi, Sawitree Tipnee
The fossil fuel-based linear economy has many severe drawbacks, including the need for energy security and the resulting environmental degradation. In a new cycle of the bio-economy that is becoming increasingly important, biomass waste has been used to generate energy while reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The growth of renewable energy will be substantial in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in order to achieve the ambitious goal of becoming carbon neutral by the mid-century. It appears that using anaerobic digestion technology to produce methane-rich biogas from biomass has a great deal of potential in this scenario. The cattail fresh and dry biomass substrate with pig wastes as inoculum was tested for biogas production. Cattail's highly complex lignocellulosic structures make it challenging to decompose as a biogas substrate. Alkaline pretreatment is one of the efficient tools in solubilizing lignin. As a result, chemical pretreatment of biomass (2 % sodium hydroxide) was a unique method for increasing biogas generation by reducing complex polymers of lignocellulosic materials into simpler molecules that microorganisms could digest. The fresh and dry biomass substrate added fermenter was produced with 57% and 60% methane, respectively.
{"title":"Evaluation of cattail characteristics as an invasive wetland plant and biomass usage management for biogas generation","authors":"Obey Gotore, Vadzanayi Mushayi, Sawitree Tipnee","doi":"10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245167","url":null,"abstract":"The fossil fuel-based linear economy has many severe drawbacks, including the need for energy security and the resulting environmental degradation. In a new cycle of the bio-economy that is becoming increasingly important, biomass waste has been used to generate energy while reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The growth of renewable energy will be substantial in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in order to achieve the ambitious goal of becoming carbon neutral by the mid-century. It appears that using anaerobic digestion technology to produce methane-rich biogas from biomass has a great deal of potential in this scenario. The cattail fresh and dry biomass substrate with pig wastes as inoculum was tested for biogas production. Cattail's highly complex lignocellulosic structures make it challenging to decompose as a biogas substrate. Alkaline pretreatment is one of the efficient tools in solubilizing lignin. As a result, chemical pretreatment of biomass (2 % sodium hydroxide) was a unique method for increasing biogas generation by reducing complex polymers of lignocellulosic materials into simpler molecules that microorganisms could digest. The fresh and dry biomass substrate added fermenter was produced with 57% and 60% methane, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18176,"journal":{"name":"Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86131504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.54279/mijeec.v3i1.245163
Triveni Soubam, Arun Gupta
The use of formaldehyde-based synthetic adhesives for the development of wood-based panels has increased rapidly in the industry. Synthetic adhesives are regarded as a threat to human health and a pollutant because they emit formaldehyde's carcinogenic gas. The breakthrough has prompted to seek for a long-term solution to the formaldehyde threat with natural resources. There has been a significant rise in bio-based adhesive technology and development in the wood-based panel industry. The current review article is intended to present the potentials and the drawbacks of the development of bio-adhesives from sustainable resources such as natural rubber latex (NRL) and starch. This review also discussed the chemical modification and crosslinkers of starch to improve water resistance and adhesion properties. Moreover, this article discusses the compatibility of modified rice starch and NRL for their conclusive applications as wood-based panels adhesive. The findings suggested that bio-based adhesives could replace more synthetic-based adhesives with comparable performance in the near future.
{"title":"Eco-friendly natural rubber latex and modified starch-based adhesive for wood-based panels application- A review","authors":"Triveni Soubam, Arun Gupta","doi":"10.54279/mijeec.v3i1.245163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i1.245163","url":null,"abstract":"The use of formaldehyde-based synthetic adhesives for the development of wood-based panels has increased rapidly in the industry. Synthetic adhesives are regarded as a threat to human health and a pollutant because they emit formaldehyde's carcinogenic gas. The breakthrough has prompted to seek for a long-term solution to the formaldehyde threat with natural resources. There has been a significant rise in bio-based adhesive technology and development in the wood-based panel industry. The current review article is intended to present the potentials and the drawbacks of the development of bio-adhesives from sustainable resources such as natural rubber latex (NRL) and starch. This review also discussed the chemical modification and crosslinkers of starch to improve water resistance and adhesion properties. Moreover, this article discusses the compatibility of modified rice starch and NRL for their conclusive applications as wood-based panels adhesive. The findings suggested that bio-based adhesives could replace more synthetic-based adhesives with comparable performance in the near future.","PeriodicalId":18176,"journal":{"name":"Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79511821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of fossil fuels, as well as the environmental issues associated with their burning, has pushed for the development of clean, renewable energy sources. Biofuels made from lignocellulosic biomass are considered a carbon-neutral and sustainable method. As the demand for non-petroleum fuels grows, more attention will be placed on developing a cost-competitive liquid transportation biofuel like ethanol. This study was conducted to produce bioethanol utilizing the SHF (separate hydrolysis and fermentation) technique from corn stove lignocellulose. Pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at various concentrations was also studied. The influence of enzymatic saccharification, fermentation time, and substrate concentration on sugar yield and, eventually, ethanol production was investigated. Fermentation was carried out by using the enzymatically saccharified hydrolysate and monoculture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results reveal that pretreatment with 2% NaOH followed by 48 hours of hydrolysis produced the maximum bioethanol production (30.21 ±0.13 g/L). This study findings indicated that alkali-pretreated corn stove might be used as a feedstock for bioethanol production, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
{"title":"Transformation of lignocellulose from corn stove for bioethanol production","authors":"Numchok Manmai, Yuwalee Unpaprom, Ramaeshprabu Ramaraj, Keng-Tung Wu","doi":"10.54279/mijeec.v3i1.245155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i1.245155","url":null,"abstract":"The use of fossil fuels, as well as the environmental issues associated with their burning, has pushed for the development of clean, renewable energy sources. Biofuels made from lignocellulosic biomass are considered a carbon-neutral and sustainable method. As the demand for non-petroleum fuels grows, more attention will be placed on developing a cost-competitive liquid transportation biofuel like ethanol. This study was conducted to produce bioethanol utilizing the SHF (separate hydrolysis and fermentation) technique from corn stove lignocellulose. Pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at various concentrations was also studied. The influence of enzymatic saccharification, fermentation time, and substrate concentration on sugar yield and, eventually, ethanol production was investigated. Fermentation was carried out by using the enzymatically saccharified hydrolysate and monoculture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results reveal that pretreatment with 2% NaOH followed by 48 hours of hydrolysis produced the maximum bioethanol production (30.21 ±0.13 g/L). This study findings indicated that alkali-pretreated corn stove might be used as a feedstock for bioethanol production, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.","PeriodicalId":18176,"journal":{"name":"Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73796740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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