Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.4.05
E. Skorokhod, T. Efimova, N. Moiseeva, E. Zemlianskaia, T. Churilova
The results of the comparison of the values of the standard satellite product “Chlorophyll a Concentration” recovered from MODIS-Aqua satellite with the results of field measurements in the coastal waters of the Black Sea near Sevastopol from 2009 to 2019 as a part of regular bio-optical monitoring have been presented. Differences between seasons in the nature of the error of the standard satellite product “Chlorophyll a Concentration” using the standard NASA algorithm were established: in spring, a significant underestimation of the values of the standard satellite product “Chlorophyll a Concentration” (up to 2.1 times) at high chlorophyll a concentrations was noted according to the results of the full-scale measurements, and in summer a significant overestimation of the values (up to 3.8 times) at low concentrations was noted. Throughout the year, depending on the season, the error in determining the standard satellite product “Chlorophyll a Concentration” on average varied from ±24 % to ±51 %. To increase the accuracy of determining the chlorophyll a concentration with remote sensing, it is necessary to use a regional approach.
{"title":"Comparison of chlorophyll a concentration values retrieved from MODIS-Aqua spectroradiometer with the results of measurements in the coastal waters of the Black Sea near Sevastopol","authors":"E. Skorokhod, T. Efimova, N. Moiseeva, E. Zemlianskaia, T. Churilova","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the comparison of the values of the standard satellite product “Chlorophyll a Concentration” recovered from MODIS-Aqua satellite with the results of field measurements in the coastal waters of the Black Sea near Sevastopol from 2009 to 2019 as a part of regular bio-optical monitoring have been presented. Differences between seasons in the nature of the error of the standard satellite product “Chlorophyll a Concentration” using the standard NASA algorithm were established: in spring, a significant underestimation of the values of the standard satellite product “Chlorophyll a Concentration” (up to 2.1 times) at high chlorophyll a concentrations was noted according to the results of the full-scale measurements, and in summer a significant overestimation of the values (up to 3.8 times) at low concentrations was noted. Throughout the year, depending on the season, the error in determining the standard satellite product “Chlorophyll a Concentration” on average varied from ±24 % to ±51 %. To increase the accuracy of determining the chlorophyll a concentration with remote sensing, it is necessary to use a regional approach.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83674387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.05
A. Zhukovskaya, A. Chesnokova, D. V. Kos'yanenko, A. A. Kos'yanenko, V. Chelomin
One of the anthropogenic impacts on the marine environment is the entry into the coastal waters of heavy metals easily accumulating in the tissues of marine hydrobionts. The heavy metals accumulation leads to disruptions in the normal course of biochemical processes, which often result in the death of the total organism. The metals toxicity to the organism can be enhanced due to a number of physical factors, such as oxygen availability, salinity, and temperature fluctuations. The aim of the work is to compare the effect of copper ions high concentrations on representatives of marine invertebrates differing in ecological and physiological characteristics (Littorina mandshurica (Schrenk, 1861) and Littorina squalida Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) using oxidative stress biomarker – carbonyl proteins. Molluscs were taken from Alekseev Bay of the Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan, Russia) and incubated at different concentrations of Cu2+ (10, 40 and 100 μg per l) in the seawater. Analysis of the content of proteins oxidized forms in the digestive gland of the studied species was carried out after 5 and 10 days of the experiment. In the course of the experiment, the species sensitivity to different concentrations of Cu2+ and to the time of toxicant exposure was revealed. The dependence of the obtained results (an increase of the protein carbonyls concentration in the digestive gland of L. mandshurica and the death of individuals of L. squalida) on ecological and physiological features of the studied species is shown.
{"title":"Effect of Cu²⁺ high concentrations on protein oxidation (carbonyl proteins) in digestive gland of some representatives of Lirrorina genus (Mollusca, Gastropoda)","authors":"A. Zhukovskaya, A. Chesnokova, D. V. Kos'yanenko, A. A. Kos'yanenko, V. Chelomin","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"One of the anthropogenic impacts on the marine environment is the entry into the coastal waters of heavy metals easily accumulating in the tissues of marine hydrobionts. The heavy metals accumulation leads to disruptions in the normal course of biochemical processes, which often result in the death of the total organism. The metals toxicity to the organism can be enhanced due to a number of physical factors, such as oxygen availability, salinity, and temperature fluctuations. The aim of the work is to compare the effect of copper ions high concentrations on representatives of marine invertebrates differing in ecological and physiological characteristics (Littorina mandshurica (Schrenk, 1861) and Littorina squalida Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) using oxidative stress biomarker – carbonyl proteins. Molluscs were taken from Alekseev Bay of the Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan, Russia) and incubated at different concentrations of Cu2+ (10, 40 and 100 μg per l) in the seawater. Analysis of the content of proteins oxidized forms in the digestive gland of the studied species was carried out after 5 and 10 days of the experiment. In the course of the experiment, the species sensitivity to different concentrations of Cu2+ and to the time of toxicant exposure was revealed. The dependence of the obtained results (an increase of the protein carbonyls concentration in the digestive gland of L. mandshurica and the death of individuals of L. squalida) on ecological and physiological features of the studied species is shown.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82529099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.07
L. Ryabushko, A. Bondarenko, S. Barinova
Data of the study of microphytobenthos of Crimean coastal waters of the Sea of Azov during 2005–2006, 2008–2011 and 2014 at 17 stations in the Sivash Gulf (East and West), Kamysh-Burunskaya Bay (Kerch) and bays of Kazantip Cape are given. Totally 200 taxa of microalgae belonging to 77 genera were found. Of these, 78 species – saprobity indicators, related to cyanobacteria (17 %) and diatoms (83 %), from 39 genera, for which bioindicative characteristics of organic water pollution are known, are used for the analysis of different ecotopes and regions. A leading place in microalgae flora belongs to a group of betamesosaprobionts (31 species) – indicators of moderate organic pollution, or of the III class of water quality with index of saprobity S = 2.0. The second place belongs to a group of oligosaprobionts (10 species), or of the II class of water quality, which is typical for natural clean waters with S = 1.0. According to the indicator of microalgae, there are no negative changes in the water quality in the regions. This indicates that anthropogenic impacts do not exceed the self-restoring potential of the marine ecosystems. However, the presence of the IV class of water quality indicators (17–21 %) in benthic communities indicates a constant flow of organic substances, which are gradually utilized by the living component of coastal ecosystems. The comparative data of the ratio of the Sea of Azov indicator microalgae species with those of other seas of moderate latitudes are discussed.
{"title":"Indicator benthic microalgae in assessment of the degree of organic water pollution on the example of Crimean coastal waters of the Sea of Azov","authors":"L. Ryabushko, A. Bondarenko, S. Barinova","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"Data of the study of microphytobenthos of Crimean coastal waters of the Sea of Azov during 2005–2006, 2008–2011 and 2014 at 17 stations in the Sivash Gulf (East and West), Kamysh-Burunskaya Bay (Kerch) and bays of Kazantip Cape are given. Totally 200 taxa of microalgae belonging to 77 genera were found. Of these, 78 species – saprobity indicators, related to cyanobacteria (17 %) and diatoms (83 %), from 39 genera, for which bioindicative characteristics of organic water pollution are known, are used for the analysis of different ecotopes and regions. A leading place in microalgae flora belongs to a group of betamesosaprobionts (31 species) – indicators of moderate organic pollution, or of the III class of water quality with index of saprobity S = 2.0. The second place belongs to a group of oligosaprobionts (10 species), or of the II class of water quality, which is typical for natural clean waters with S = 1.0. According to the indicator of microalgae, there are no negative changes in the water quality in the regions. This indicates that anthropogenic impacts do not exceed the self-restoring potential of the marine ecosystems. However, the presence of the IV class of water quality indicators (17–21 %) in benthic communities indicates a constant flow of organic substances, which are gradually utilized by the living component of coastal ecosystems. The comparative data of the ratio of the Sea of Azov indicator microalgae species with those of other seas of moderate latitudes are discussed.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79839457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.09
O. Mironov
Life, relationships and working conditions of employees of the Sevastopol Biological Station in the first five years after the war (1945–1949) are described.
生活，关系和塞瓦斯托波尔生物站的雇员在战后的头五年(1945-1949)的工作条件进行了描述。
{"title":"Sevastopol Biological Station in 1945–1949","authors":"O. Mironov","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.09","url":null,"abstract":"Life, relationships and working conditions of employees of the Sevastopol Biological Station in the first five years after the war (1945–1949) are described.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88804826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.10
Yu. A. Zagorodnyaya, I. Vdodovich
Nauplial stages of copepods are known to be the main food items for fish larvae. Their identification in fish larvae guts is usually a difficult task and a time-consuming procedure. Original approach to identification of larvae and juvenile fish common food items – nauplial stages of the Black Sea copepods of family Calanidae – is proposed. This work is a continuation of the initiated studies on the developing a method for determining the juvenile copepod stages from fish larvae guts. On the example of nauplial stage III of Calanus euxinus Hulsemann, 1991, specific features that can be used in identifying nauplial stages of three species of the Black Sea copepods from fish larvae guts are shown.
{"title":"Identifying nauplial stages of the Black Sea copepods of Calanidae family in fish larvae guts","authors":"Yu. A. Zagorodnyaya, I. Vdodovich","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Nauplial stages of copepods are known to be the main food items for fish larvae. Their identification in fish larvae guts is usually a difficult task and a time-consuming procedure. Original approach to identification of larvae and juvenile fish common food items – nauplial stages of the Black Sea copepods of family Calanidae – is proposed. This work is a continuation of the initiated studies on the developing a method for determining the juvenile copepod stages from fish larvae guts. On the example of nauplial stage III of Calanus euxinus Hulsemann, 1991, specific features that can be used in identifying nauplial stages of three species of the Black Sea copepods from fish larvae guts are shown.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84287035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.01
B. E. Anninsky, S. Ignatyev, G. Finenko, N. A. Datsyk
The gelatinous macroplankton community of the Black Sea renews annually and functionates differently depending on the complicated system of trophic relations and interannual fluctuations of biotic and abiotic factors. Its monitoring is necessary for the evaluation of the current state and possible vectors of evolution of the whole pelagic ecosystem. For this purpose the data on the composition and distribution of gelatinous organisms were collected on the 89th cruise of the RV “Professor Vodyanitsky” (September – October of 2016) at 62 stations located in coastal areas and in the open sea to the south and southwest of Crimea. Samples were taken with the Bogorov – Rass net (inlet area of 0.5 m², mesh of 300 µm) using vertical net hauls from the bottom to the sea surface in the shallow shelf and from the lower boundary of the oxygen zone [according to the dissolved oxygen sensor CTD SBE plus (Sea Bird)] to the sea surface – in deepwater areas. Aurelia aurita and 3 ctenophore species (Mnemiopsis leidyi, Pleurobrachia pileus, and Beroe ovata) were present together in the 90 % of the samples (on 56 stations). In spite of some increase in average biomass of every species in deep sea areas, and, particularly, of A. aurita up to 260 g per m², there was no difference between the data of 2016 and 2010 (p > 0.05). The abundance of A. aurita increased by about one order of magnitude (p < 0.001); the abundance of P. pileus increased 2–5 times (p < 0.001); of B. ovata – 3–15 times (p < 0.01). M. leidyi abundance increased only at the outer Black Sea shelf; in other regions it could have been restricted by B. ovata predation. A. aurita linear specific growth rate in 2016 was one of the lowest for the last 15 years. Slow somatic growth of the jellyfish indicates unfavorable conditions for this species in 2016. However, the jellyfish biomass was higher than that of previous years because of the huge abundance of the spring generation. The weakening competition with planktivorous ctenophores may lead to even greater increase in the ecological valence of A. aurita among other gelatinous predators in the nearest future.
{"title":"Gelatinous macroplankton of the open pelagial and shelf of the Black Sea: Distribution in autumn 2016 and interannual changes in biomass and abundance","authors":"B. E. Anninsky, S. Ignatyev, G. Finenko, N. A. Datsyk","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"The gelatinous macroplankton community of the Black Sea renews annually and functionates differently depending on the complicated system of trophic relations and interannual fluctuations of biotic and abiotic factors. Its monitoring is necessary for the evaluation of the current state and possible vectors of evolution of the whole pelagic ecosystem. For this purpose the data on the composition and distribution of gelatinous organisms were collected on the 89th cruise of the RV “Professor Vodyanitsky” (September – October of 2016) at 62 stations located in coastal areas and in the open sea to the south and southwest of Crimea. Samples were taken with the Bogorov – Rass net (inlet area of 0.5 m², mesh of 300 µm) using vertical net hauls from the bottom to the sea surface in the shallow shelf and from the lower boundary of the oxygen zone [according to the dissolved oxygen sensor CTD SBE plus (Sea Bird)] to the sea surface – in deepwater areas. Aurelia aurita and 3 ctenophore species (Mnemiopsis leidyi, Pleurobrachia pileus, and Beroe ovata) were present together in the 90 % of the samples (on 56 stations). In spite of some increase in average biomass of every species in deep sea areas, and, particularly, of A. aurita up to 260 g per m², there was no difference between the data of 2016 and 2010 (p > 0.05). The abundance of A. aurita increased by about one order of magnitude (p < 0.001); the abundance of P. pileus increased 2–5 times (p < 0.001); of B. ovata – 3–15 times (p < 0.01). M. leidyi abundance increased only at the outer Black Sea shelf; in other regions it could have been restricted by B. ovata predation. A. aurita linear specific growth rate in 2016 was one of the lowest for the last 15 years. Slow somatic growth of the jellyfish indicates unfavorable conditions for this species in 2016. However, the jellyfish biomass was higher than that of previous years because of the huge abundance of the spring generation. The weakening competition with planktivorous ctenophores may lead to even greater increase in the ecological valence of A. aurita among other gelatinous predators in the nearest future.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86679098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.08
V. D. Tchmyr, R. I. Lee, M. I. Senicheva
The relevance of the study is determined by the key role of phytoplankton in the functioning of marine ecosystems, since unicellular algae carry out the primary production of organic matter in photosynthesis and form the first trophic link in the food chain. The tasks of the work are to determine the values of the net (apparent) growth rate of phytoplankton as a whole and of its constituent elements, including populations of certain species, and to study the possibility of estimating the rate of their actual growth and consumption based on regular short-period determinations of phytoplankton abundance and biomass in natural communities. For the determinations, we used both the previously obtained data of the decadal monitoring of the phytoplankton state in the coastal zone and the results of recent experiments. The decadal determinations performed during 2007 near the mouth of the Sevastopol Bay included measurements of phytoplankton abundance and biomass, as well as of chlorophyll a concentrations at intervals of several days, which made it possible to calculate the net specific biomass growth rate (apparent growth, k) according to its changes identified during this period. By comparing the abundance of certain species during short-period determinations, 29 values of the apparent growth were obtained for 9 mass species. The apparent growth, being the difference between actual growth and consumption, can be used to determine these values. Patterns linking the values of the apparent and actual growth of algae cells with their sizes were found in the experiments conducted by the dilution method. In our experiments, we adapted classical dilution method for the study of total phytoplankton to determine the functional parameters of certain species, which made it possible to find the linking patterns. Using the found patterns, we obtained 22 values of growth rate µ and consumption rate m for 7 mass phytoplankton species at the mouth of the Sevastopol Bay. Studies show that the growth rate of certain species of phytoplankton, whose cell volume is less then 1000 µm³, can reach values over 1 day−1. For algae with the cell volume exceeding 1500 µm³, the values of µ approach the values of k, and the values of m approach zero. For this group, the actual growth rate µ is taken to be equal to the apparent growth rate k, and the rate of consumption m is taken to be zero. In fact, in the natural population, small species are predominantly consumed in the upper illuminated layer, while the larger ones sink to the bottom or into deep horizons. This means that primarily phytoplankton populations with small cells are consumed, while populations with larger cells are not consumed. However, this conclusion is not consistent with the rates of apparent growth measured in situ, which include both positive and negative values for all populations, regardless of cell size. This contradiction is explained by the fact, that in the experiment, large cells dying off and sinking
{"title":"Determination of the growth rate and elimination of certain phytoplankton species and populations in the Sevastopol Bay (Black Sea)","authors":"V. D. Tchmyr, R. I. Lee, M. I. Senicheva","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is determined by the key role of phytoplankton in the functioning of marine ecosystems, since unicellular algae carry out the primary production of organic matter in photosynthesis and form the first trophic link in the food chain. The tasks of the work are to determine the values of the net (apparent) growth rate of phytoplankton as a whole and of its constituent elements, including populations of certain species, and to study the possibility of estimating the rate of their actual growth and consumption based on regular short-period determinations of phytoplankton abundance and biomass in natural communities. For the determinations, we used both the previously obtained data of the decadal monitoring of the phytoplankton state in the coastal zone and the results of recent experiments. The decadal determinations performed during 2007 near the mouth of the Sevastopol Bay included measurements of phytoplankton abundance and biomass, as well as of chlorophyll a concentrations at intervals of several days, which made it possible to calculate the net specific biomass growth rate (apparent growth, k) according to its changes identified during this period. By comparing the abundance of certain species during short-period determinations, 29 values of the apparent growth were obtained for 9 mass species. The apparent growth, being the difference between actual growth and consumption, can be used to determine these values. Patterns linking the values of the apparent and actual growth of algae cells with their sizes were found in the experiments conducted by the dilution method. In our experiments, we adapted classical dilution method for the study of total phytoplankton to determine the functional parameters of certain species, which made it possible to find the linking patterns. Using the found patterns, we obtained 22 values of growth rate µ and consumption rate m for 7 mass phytoplankton species at the mouth of the Sevastopol Bay. Studies show that the growth rate of certain species of phytoplankton, whose cell volume is less then 1000 µm³, can reach values over 1 day−1. For algae with the cell volume exceeding 1500 µm³, the values of µ approach the values of k, and the values of m approach zero. For this group, the actual growth rate µ is taken to be equal to the apparent growth rate k, and the rate of consumption m is taken to be zero. In fact, in the natural population, small species are predominantly consumed in the upper illuminated layer, while the larger ones sink to the bottom or into deep horizons. This means that primarily phytoplankton populations with small cells are consumed, while populations with larger cells are not consumed. However, this conclusion is not consistent with the rates of apparent growth measured in situ, which include both positive and negative values for all populations, regardless of cell size. This contradiction is explained by the fact, that in the experiment, large cells dying off and sinking","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90273040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.03
N. Boltachova, E. Lisitskaya
Three polychaete species of the genus Spio Fabricius, 1785 have been found in the Black Sea: Spio decorata Bobretzky, 1870; Spio filicornis (Müller, 1776); Spio multioculata (Rioja, 1918). Only one was found in the Sea of Azov – Spio filicornis (Müller, 1776). S. multioculata is known to occur only in the near-Bosporus region and off the coast of Romania. The species S. decorata was first described in 1870 by N. V. Bobretsky using materials collected in the Sevastopol area. S. filicornis was first found near the coast of Crimea in the Karadag region in 1931 by K. A. Vinogradov. Later, polychaetes of the genus Spio, found in the southwestern part of the Black Sea, off the coasts of Crimea, Caucasus and Bulgaria, and in the Sea of Azov, were classified as Spio filicornis. The species S. decorata was forgotten despite the fact that it was registered in the Mediterranean Sea and off the European coast. To clarify the species identity, polychaetes from the Sea of Azov and Black Sea macrozoobenthos collected during research cruises on RV “Professor Vodyanitsky” and from the Sevastopol Bay (the usual natural habitat of Spio decorata) were used. The bottom sediments were sampled using bottom grabs “Okean-25” (with the capture area of 0.25 m²). The sediments were washed through sieves with the smallest mesh size of 1 mm. In the Sevastopol Bay, macrozoobenthos was collected using a scuba-diver hand-held grab (S = 0.1 m²). Polychaete larvae were collected monthly in the Sevastopol Bay using the Juday net. The live material was processed under a binocular microscope MBS-9; Spio larvae were set aside and let grow until characteristic species attributes appeared. In this work, a morphological description of the collected Spio species as well as photographs and drawings of their characteristic attributes are given. The morphological characteristics of the considered polychaetes of the genus Spio are found to match those of Spio decorata Bobretzky, 1870. It is noted that S. decorata is widespread in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, where it is found at depths up to 38 m. The species occurs in different types of sediments, but prefers slightly silted coquina with sand. The largest occurrence of S. decorata (38 %) is observed at depths of 20–30 m, and the largest density of specimens is at a depth less than 20 m. The maximum density of S. decorata (556 ind. per m²) was registered in 2010 in the northwestern part of the Black Sea at a depth of 19 m. Larvae of S. decorata are found in plankton from March to October at water temperature of +8…+26 °C. Consequently, breeding of this species in the Black Sea occurs in the spring and summer seasons, and the environmental characteristics of its habitat point out the thermophilic character of this species, as opposed to S. filicornis dwelling in Arctic waters. It can be assumed, that in the previous reports on finding the polychaete S. filicornis in the Sea of Azov – Black Sea basin, the found species was actually S
{"title":"On the taxonomic classification of Spio (Annelida, Spionidae) species from the Sea of Azov – Black Sea basin","authors":"N. Boltachova, E. Lisitskaya","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"Three polychaete species of the genus Spio Fabricius, 1785 have been found in the Black Sea: Spio decorata Bobretzky, 1870; Spio filicornis (Müller, 1776); Spio multioculata (Rioja, 1918). Only one was found in the Sea of Azov – Spio filicornis (Müller, 1776). S. multioculata is known to occur only in the near-Bosporus region and off the coast of Romania. The species S. decorata was first described in 1870 by N. V. Bobretsky using materials collected in the Sevastopol area. S. filicornis was first found near the coast of Crimea in the Karadag region in 1931 by K. A. Vinogradov. Later, polychaetes of the genus Spio, found in the southwestern part of the Black Sea, off the coasts of Crimea, Caucasus and Bulgaria, and in the Sea of Azov, were classified as Spio filicornis. The species S. decorata was forgotten despite the fact that it was registered in the Mediterranean Sea and off the European coast. To clarify the species identity, polychaetes from the Sea of Azov and Black Sea macrozoobenthos collected during research cruises on RV “Professor Vodyanitsky” and from the Sevastopol Bay (the usual natural habitat of Spio decorata) were used. The bottom sediments were sampled using bottom grabs “Okean-25” (with the capture area of 0.25 m²). The sediments were washed through sieves with the smallest mesh size of 1 mm. In the Sevastopol Bay, macrozoobenthos was collected using a scuba-diver hand-held grab (S = 0.1 m²). Polychaete larvae were collected monthly in the Sevastopol Bay using the Juday net. The live material was processed under a binocular microscope MBS-9; Spio larvae were set aside and let grow until characteristic species attributes appeared. In this work, a morphological description of the collected Spio species as well as photographs and drawings of their characteristic attributes are given. The morphological characteristics of the considered polychaetes of the genus Spio are found to match those of Spio decorata Bobretzky, 1870. It is noted that S. decorata is widespread in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, where it is found at depths up to 38 m. The species occurs in different types of sediments, but prefers slightly silted coquina with sand. The largest occurrence of S. decorata (38 %) is observed at depths of 20–30 m, and the largest density of specimens is at a depth less than 20 m. The maximum density of S. decorata (556 ind. per m²) was registered in 2010 in the northwestern part of the Black Sea at a depth of 19 m. Larvae of S. decorata are found in plankton from March to October at water temperature of +8…+26 °C. Consequently, breeding of this species in the Black Sea occurs in the spring and summer seasons, and the environmental characteristics of its habitat point out the thermophilic character of this species, as opposed to S. filicornis dwelling in Arctic waters. It can be assumed, that in the previous reports on finding the polychaete S. filicornis in the Sea of Azov – Black Sea basin, the found species was actually S","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91249497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.04
I. V. Golovina
Determining the ratio of energy metabolism enzyme activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH, 1.1.1.37) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, 1.1.1.27) allows getting the cumulative assessment of the physiological condition of the object of study in response to the impact of different nature. The aim of the study was to compare the change of value of MDH/LDH ratio in the tissues of bivalve molluscs: native mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and successful invader Anadara kagoshimensis – in laboratory conditions under the effect of hypoxia, anoxia, PCBs, hydrogen sulfide contamination and long-term maintenance in the aquarium without feeding. Sexually mature molluscs were collected near Sevastopol. Shell length of a mussel was 45–62 mm, of anadara – 27–49 mm. Enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically (at 340 nm and 25 °C) by the rate of NADH oxidation in the cytoplasm of tissues (muscles, hepatopancreas, gills). Under the effect of negative factors, as a rule, LDH activity decreased significantly (by 36–80 %), MDH activity remained stable, and MDH/LDH ratio in the tissues of both species of molluscs increased 1.5–4 times. However, in the tissues of hemoglobin-containing anadara the ratio was 10 times lower than that of mussels, both in control and in the experiment. Comparison with literature data showed that tolerant to hypoxia mollusc-invader had the same low MDH/LDH ratio as oxyphilic hydrobionts: scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857), crustaceans Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758) and Carcinus aestuarii Nardo, 1847. Apparently, the low MDH/LDH ratio reflects the ability of anadara to maintain a high level of oxidizing processes in the tissues due to the content in them of a significant pool of erythrocyte hemoglobin, carotenoids, glutathione, which support the aerobic process and implement antioxidant protection. The ratio of the activity of MDH/LDH can be used in monitoring studies to assess the degree of oxygenation of molluscs tissues in normal and hypoxic conditions of different origin.
{"title":"Resistance to negative effects and the ratio of energy metabolism enzyme activity in tissues of the Black Sea molluscs Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 and Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906)","authors":"I. V. Golovina","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the ratio of energy metabolism enzyme activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH, 1.1.1.37) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, 1.1.1.27) allows getting the cumulative assessment of the physiological condition of the object of study in response to the impact of different nature. The aim of the study was to compare the change of value of MDH/LDH ratio in the tissues of bivalve molluscs: native mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and successful invader Anadara kagoshimensis – in laboratory conditions under the effect of hypoxia, anoxia, PCBs, hydrogen sulfide contamination and long-term maintenance in the aquarium without feeding. Sexually mature molluscs were collected near Sevastopol. Shell length of a mussel was 45–62 mm, of anadara – 27–49 mm. Enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically (at 340 nm and 25 °C) by the rate of NADH oxidation in the cytoplasm of tissues (muscles, hepatopancreas, gills). Under the effect of negative factors, as a rule, LDH activity decreased significantly (by 36–80 %), MDH activity remained stable, and MDH/LDH ratio in the tissues of both species of molluscs increased 1.5–4 times. However, in the tissues of hemoglobin-containing anadara the ratio was 10 times lower than that of mussels, both in control and in the experiment. Comparison with literature data showed that tolerant to hypoxia mollusc-invader had the same low MDH/LDH ratio as oxyphilic hydrobionts: scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857), crustaceans Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758) and Carcinus aestuarii Nardo, 1847. Apparently, the low MDH/LDH ratio reflects the ability of anadara to maintain a high level of oxidizing processes in the tissues due to the content in them of a significant pool of erythrocyte hemoglobin, carotenoids, glutathione, which support the aerobic process and implement antioxidant protection. The ratio of the activity of MDH/LDH can be used in monitoring studies to assess the degree of oxygenation of molluscs tissues in normal and hypoxic conditions of different origin.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89197489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.06
G. Zuyev
European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L.) is one of the most abundant fish species in the Sea of Azov – Black Sea basin. Anchovy is the main commercial species in the region. In recent decades the share of anchovy catch has reached 80–85 %. The species is represented by two forms – Black Sea anchovy and Sea of Azov anchovy. One of the most important aims of modern research is to assess the state of anchovy population and to forecast its possible changes under the influence of various natural and anthropogenic factors. The results of studying the long-term (2010/11–2017/18) dynamics of the length-age structure and the intraspecific composition of anchovy wintering off the coast of the Eastern Crimea and the North Caucasus are presented. Totally 138 fish samples from trawl catches of fishing vessels were studied. Standard length of 44 202 specimens was measured with accuracy of 0.1 cm. The age of 1162 specimens was determined. Length-age key was compiled. The intraspecific identification of European anchovy was determined using otolith index (method of Skazkina). As indicators of the length-age structure, the average length and average age, distribution (number ratio of representatives of different length groups and age classes) were studied. Positive trends of the average length and the average age of anchovy were found, reflecting an increase of the proportion of large (> 9.5 cm) individuals in the population – three yearlings (2+) and four yearlings (3+). In the long-term plan the average length of the anchovy increased from 8.06 to 9.09 cm. At the same time the relative number of small (< 7.5 cm) individuals decreased almost 4 times (from 22.5 to 5.7 %), and the share of large individuals increased almost 6 times (from 5.7 to 33 %). The average age increased from 1.64 to 1.98 year. On the one hand, it was due to a nearly 3-fold reduction (from 7.1 to 2.6 %) in the relative number of young-of-the-year individuals (0+) and 1.5-fold reduction (from 72.6 to 47.7 %) of yearlings (1+). On the other hand, it was due to 2.4- and 4.3-fold increase in the relative number of three yearlings (2+) and four yearlings (3+), respectively. The appearance of abundant year class in 2013, 2014 and 2015 was the immediate reason of these changes. The intraspecific determination of the anchovy was found, Sea of Azov and Black Sea forms were identified. In the long-term plan their quantitative redistribution was shown. So, in 2010/11–2013/14 Sea of Azov form dominated in mixed wintering aggregations. Its average share was 58.5 %, with the share varying from 55 to 63 %. Average share of Black Sea form did not exceed 41.5 %, with the share varying from 37 to 45 %. However, in 2014/15 the number ratio of Sea of Azov and Black Sea forms changed to the opposite – with Black Sea anchovy dominating. Its share increased to 53 %, and in subsequent years ranged from 52 to 63 %, with average value of 56 %. The results obtained are in full accordance with the hypothesis of int
{"title":"Modern state of the population of the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (L.) (Pisces: Engraulidae) wintering off the coast of the Eastern Crimea and the North Caucasus","authors":"G. Zuyev","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L.) is one of the most abundant fish species in the Sea of Azov – Black Sea basin. Anchovy is the main commercial species in the region. In recent decades the share of anchovy catch has reached 80–85 %. The species is represented by two forms – Black Sea anchovy and Sea of Azov anchovy. One of the most important aims of modern research is to assess the state of anchovy population and to forecast its possible changes under the influence of various natural and anthropogenic factors. The results of studying the long-term (2010/11–2017/18) dynamics of the length-age structure and the intraspecific composition of anchovy wintering off the coast of the Eastern Crimea and the North Caucasus are presented. Totally 138 fish samples from trawl catches of fishing vessels were studied. Standard length of 44 202 specimens was measured with accuracy of 0.1 cm. The age of 1162 specimens was determined. Length-age key was compiled. The intraspecific identification of European anchovy was determined using otolith index (method of Skazkina). As indicators of the length-age structure, the average length and average age, distribution (number ratio of representatives of different length groups and age classes) were studied. Positive trends of the average length and the average age of anchovy were found, reflecting an increase of the proportion of large (> 9.5 cm) individuals in the population – three yearlings (2+) and four yearlings (3+). In the long-term plan the average length of the anchovy increased from 8.06 to 9.09 cm. At the same time the relative number of small (< 7.5 cm) individuals decreased almost 4 times (from 22.5 to 5.7 %), and the share of large individuals increased almost 6 times (from 5.7 to 33 %). The average age increased from 1.64 to 1.98 year. On the one hand, it was due to a nearly 3-fold reduction (from 7.1 to 2.6 %) in the relative number of young-of-the-year individuals (0+) and 1.5-fold reduction (from 72.6 to 47.7 %) of yearlings (1+). On the other hand, it was due to 2.4- and 4.3-fold increase in the relative number of three yearlings (2+) and four yearlings (3+), respectively. The appearance of abundant year class in 2013, 2014 and 2015 was the immediate reason of these changes. The intraspecific determination of the anchovy was found, Sea of Azov and Black Sea forms were identified. In the long-term plan their quantitative redistribution was shown. So, in 2010/11–2013/14 Sea of Azov form dominated in mixed wintering aggregations. Its average share was 58.5 %, with the share varying from 55 to 63 %. Average share of Black Sea form did not exceed 41.5 %, with the share varying from 37 to 45 %. However, in 2014/15 the number ratio of Sea of Azov and Black Sea forms changed to the opposite – with Black Sea anchovy dominating. Its share increased to 53 %, and in subsequent years ranged from 52 to 63 %, with average value of 56 %. The results obtained are in full accordance with the hypothesis of int","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78161183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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