Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.02
Yu. G. Artemov, S. Y. Sadogurskiy, Y. Plugatar, T. V. Belich, S. A. Sadogurskaya, D. B. Evtushenko
Survey of benthic macro-vegetation (BMV) was conducted within the marine part of the nature reserve “Cape Martyan” (the South Coast of Crimea) using hydrobotanical (contact) and hydroacoustic (remote sensing) methods. It clearly showed a fundamental possibility and efficiency of using mobile acoustic equipment based on the SeaCharter 480 DF echo sounder and specialized software WaveLens for detecting and studying general nature of BMV, as well as for identifying BMV boundaries, projective cover, height, etc. The method, including software, was adapted and tested to automatically determine the height of BMV from the sound backscatter profile. In good conformity with data of contact methods, the zonality of BMV distribution along the coastline with a propagation boundary limited by 10–12 m isobaths was shown using acoustic method. The total area of BMV is of about 0.39 km²; the maximum values of the projective cover reach 95–97 % at a depth of 2–3 m, but decrease to 50–70 % at greater depth boundary. It is established that the total stocks of sublittoral BMV reach 1431.3 tones, of which 99.6 % are in the community of Cystoseira. It is noted that cystoseires (Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh, 1820 and Cystoseira crinita Duby, 1830) and seagrasses (Zostera marina Linnaeus, 1753 and Zostera noltei Hornemann, 1832), whose communities dominate the vegetation cover of the area, are strong sound scatterers due to high acoustic impedance between air containing in organs and tissues and seawater, which significantly increases the efficiency of detection and description of BMV. At depths of up to 32 m, unidentified bottom acoustic objects in the form of single or group targets up to 2–4 m were recorded at the lower boundary of the BMV; their nature is probably different and is due to the presence of methane seeps or dense accumulations of fish in the studied area. The attention is drawn that conducting a quantitative study of BMV using hydroacoustic methods reduces the negative transforming effect on the object of study, since it does not imply a significant removal of BMV, for example, during mapping. This is especially important in the conditions of nature reserve regime within the specially protected natural areas (SPNA). The study clearly showed the effectiveness of the joint use of contact and distance methods. The results of this study form the basis of the BMV hydroacoustic monitoring; they will be used to map vegetation cover and to determine algae abundance in the protected coastal-marine area near Cape Martyan and other aquatic SPNA.
{"title":"Hydroacoustic survey of benthic macro-vegetation in the protected offshore area of Cape Martyan (Crimea, Black Sea)","authors":"Yu. G. Artemov, S. Y. Sadogurskiy, Y. Plugatar, T. V. Belich, S. A. Sadogurskaya, D. B. Evtushenko","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"Survey of benthic macro-vegetation (BMV) was conducted within the marine part of the nature reserve “Cape Martyan” (the South Coast of Crimea) using hydrobotanical (contact) and hydroacoustic (remote sensing) methods. It clearly showed a fundamental possibility and efficiency of using mobile acoustic equipment based on the SeaCharter 480 DF echo sounder and specialized software WaveLens for detecting and studying general nature of BMV, as well as for identifying BMV boundaries, projective cover, height, etc. The method, including software, was adapted and tested to automatically determine the height of BMV from the sound backscatter profile. In good conformity with data of contact methods, the zonality of BMV distribution along the coastline with a propagation boundary limited by 10–12 m isobaths was shown using acoustic method. The total area of BMV is of about 0.39 km²; the maximum values of the projective cover reach 95–97 % at a depth of 2–3 m, but decrease to 50–70 % at greater depth boundary. It is established that the total stocks of sublittoral BMV reach 1431.3 tones, of which 99.6 % are in the community of Cystoseira. It is noted that cystoseires (Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh, 1820 and Cystoseira crinita Duby, 1830) and seagrasses (Zostera marina Linnaeus, 1753 and Zostera noltei Hornemann, 1832), whose communities dominate the vegetation cover of the area, are strong sound scatterers due to high acoustic impedance between air containing in organs and tissues and seawater, which significantly increases the efficiency of detection and description of BMV. At depths of up to 32 m, unidentified bottom acoustic objects in the form of single or group targets up to 2–4 m were recorded at the lower boundary of the BMV; their nature is probably different and is due to the presence of methane seeps or dense accumulations of fish in the studied area. The attention is drawn that conducting a quantitative study of BMV using hydroacoustic methods reduces the negative transforming effect on the object of study, since it does not imply a significant removal of BMV, for example, during mapping. This is especially important in the conditions of nature reserve regime within the specially protected natural areas (SPNA). The study clearly showed the effectiveness of the joint use of contact and distance methods. The results of this study form the basis of the BMV hydroacoustic monitoring; they will be used to map vegetation cover and to determine algae abundance in the protected coastal-marine area near Cape Martyan and other aquatic SPNA.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87985755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.11
N. Chelyadina, M. Popov, N. Pospelova, L. Smirnova
Heavy metals may be one of the factors causing a change in sexual structure in the settlements of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. cultivated on the Sevastopol seaside. The aim of the work was to study the influence of Zn+2, Cd+2, Pb+2, Hg+2, Cu+2 ions on the sex inversion of cultivated mussels during spring post spawning of gonads. Chronic intoxication of female mussel at ion concentration of 2 MPC was carried out for a month in laboratory conditions. After 3 months of a natural experiment, the sex of each mollusc was individually examined by the method of visual study of gonad smears. The sex inversion of the females occurred under the influence of all heavy metals. The maximum shares of males were observed after the influence of Cu+2 and Pb+2 – 65 and 52 %, respectively. Both laboratory and natural experiments showed high toxic effect of Cu+2 and Hg+2 ions, with female mortality reaching 33 and 13 %, respectively.
{"title":"Sex inversion in the Black Sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 under the influence of heavy metals","authors":"N. Chelyadina, M. Popov, N. Pospelova, L. Smirnova","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals may be one of the factors causing a change in sexual structure in the settlements of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. cultivated on the Sevastopol seaside. The aim of the work was to study the influence of Zn+2, Cd+2, Pb+2, Hg+2, Cu+2 ions on the sex inversion of cultivated mussels during spring post spawning of gonads. Chronic intoxication of female mussel at ion concentration of 2 MPC was carried out for a month in laboratory conditions. After 3 months of a natural experiment, the sex of each mollusc was individually examined by the method of visual study of gonad smears. The sex inversion of the females occurred under the influence of all heavy metals. The maximum shares of males were observed after the influence of Cu+2 and Pb+2 – 65 and 52 %, respectively. Both laboratory and natural experiments showed high toxic effect of Cu+2 and Hg+2 ions, with female mortality reaching 33 and 13 %, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74389207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-24DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.10
O. G. Mironov
A brief overview of the work in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans in the period 1967–1988 is given. Data on the distribution patterns and abundance of microorganisms capable of using oil hydrocarbons as the single source of carbon and energy are given. The accumulation of oil hydrocarbons by marine organisms, the effect of thin suspension of deep-water (5000 m) bottom sediments and ferromanganese nodules on zooplankton, and the toxicity of artificial polymers for marine biota are discussed. The expediency of the resumption of similar work in the World Ocean in modern environmental conditions is expressed.
{"title":"Brief chronicle of A. O. Kovalevsky IBSS Department of Marine Sanitary Hydrobiology oceanic studies","authors":"O. G. Mironov","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"A brief overview of the work in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans in the period 1967–1988 is given. Data on the distribution patterns and abundance of microorganisms capable of using oil hydrocarbons as the single source of carbon and energy are given. The accumulation of oil hydrocarbons by marine organisms, the effect of thin suspension of deep-water (5000 m) bottom sediments and ferromanganese nodules on zooplankton, and the toxicity of artificial polymers for marine biota are discussed. The expediency of the resumption of similar work in the World Ocean in modern environmental conditions is expressed.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75400245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-24DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.01
A. Boltachev, E. Karpova
Information on catching of Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758, which has become very rare in the Black Sea in the last 50 years, is considered. Several specimens were found in the period from June 7 to 15, 2018 in the catches of commercial fixed nets in the lower part of the Balaklava Bay and in the coastal zone near the Bay. One specimen was given to the authors for the study; the results of morphometric and biological studies of this specimen are given in the work. The features of the area of Atlantic mackerel are briefly considered, the distribution and biology of four main populations of this species inhabiting European waters are given, with the main attention paid to the Black Sea population. Information on the level of modern fishing of this species in the world as a whole and separately in the Republic of Turkey is given. A retrospective analysis of the catching of mackerel in the Black Sea, in particular, near the coast of Crimea, is made. The reasons for the complete disappearance of its Black Sea population in the late 1960s in the Black and Marmara seas are analyzed. The conclusion was made that, despite the increase in some cases of mackerel catchings off the coast of Crimea, the North Caucasus and Turkey, the Black Sea population of this species either completely disappeared or is in a very depressed state, and the probability of its commercial fishing recovery in the region is minimal. The preliminary conclusion on the basis of the analysis of the given material has been made that the specimen caught in the Sevastopol region may belong to the Mediterranean population of Atlantic mackerel.
{"title":"On recording of Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Scombridae) in the coastal zone of Sevastopol and prospects for the revival of its fishing","authors":"A. Boltachev, E. Karpova","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Information on catching of Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758, which has become very rare in the Black Sea in the last 50 years, is considered. Several specimens were found in the period from June 7 to 15, 2018 in the catches of commercial fixed nets in the lower part of the Balaklava Bay and in the coastal zone near the Bay. One specimen was given to the authors for the study; the results of morphometric and biological studies of this specimen are given in the work. The features of the area of Atlantic mackerel are briefly considered, the distribution and biology of four main populations of this species inhabiting European waters are given, with the main attention paid to the Black Sea population. Information on the level of modern fishing of this species in the world as a whole and separately in the Republic of Turkey is given. A retrospective analysis of the catching of mackerel in the Black Sea, in particular, near the coast of Crimea, is made. The reasons for the complete disappearance of its Black Sea population in the late 1960s in the Black and Marmara seas are analyzed. The conclusion was made that, despite the increase in some cases of mackerel catchings off the coast of Crimea, the North Caucasus and Turkey, the Black Sea population of this species either completely disappeared or is in a very depressed state, and the probability of its commercial fishing recovery in the region is minimal. The preliminary conclusion on the basis of the analysis of the given material has been made that the specimen caught in the Sevastopol region may belong to the Mediterranean population of Atlantic mackerel.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77329718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-24DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.07
Z. Selifonova
The Sea of Azov is an inland freezing marine water basin. Winter season is considered to be one of the most important seasons for understanding patterns of functioning and formation of productivity of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov. However, holo- and meroplankton during the formation of ice cover in the sea have not been studied enough. In recent years, several alien species, including Arctic species of polychaete worms, which in their development have the stage of pelagic larvae, have naturalized in the Sea of Azov. The aim of the work is to study the taxonomic composition and numerical abundance of winter holo- and meroplankton of the Sea of Azov in December 2018. Zooplankton sampling was conducted in the bays of the Sea of Azov, viz., Taganrog and Temryuk during the formation of seasonal ice cover. Zooplankton samples were collected from December 3 to 14 at temperatures from 0 to +3 °C at 14 stations, 9 of which were performed in the Taganrog Bay (the port area of Yeisk) in three replications, and 5 of which – in the Temryuk Bay (each sample – in one replication). Zooplankton was sampled throughout the water column at depths of 4–8 meter using a big-sized Juday net with an opening diameter of 37 cm (mesh size was 120 μm) by total catch. The material was fixed by 2–4 % neutral formaldehyde and treated in the laboratory by the conventional procedure. Calculations of biomass were made using the tables of the average mass of organisms. The results showed that under similar temperature conditions the density of holo- and meroplankton organisms in the Taganrog Bay was four times higher than in the Temryuk Bay. Winter subglacial zooplankton was represented by two groups of organisms – native eurythermic forms of holoplankton and polychaetes larvae. As before, calanoid copepod composition was dominated by euryhaline Ponto-Caspian species Eurytemora affinis (Poppe, 1880). However, the species composition of the winter meroplankton of the Sea of Azov changed significantly in comparison with that of the period up to 2014. Unusual high density (118–119.9 thousand ind.·m−3) of polychaete larvae of Marenzelleria genus, the recent invader in the Sea of Azov, was registered in the Taganrog Bay at a low water temperature of 0…+1.2 °C. The peak of zooplankton numerical density (128.9–136.7 thousand ind.·m−3) was observed in winter season for the first time. Winter subglacial maximum of abundance of the polychaetes larvae of Marenzelleria sp. was 4–6 times higher than the abundance of meroplankton, previously noted in June, the most productive month of the year. Naturalization of polychaete worms Marenzelleria sp. can lead to a radical restructuring of the Sea of Azov ecosystem and to an increase of its productivity. Further studies of the phenology of these polychaetes larval stages in this basin are needed.
{"title":"Current status of holo- and meroplankton of the Sea of Azov during the formation of the ice cover","authors":"Z. Selifonova","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"The Sea of Azov is an inland freezing marine water basin. Winter season is considered to be one of the most important seasons for understanding patterns of functioning and formation of productivity of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov. However, holo- and meroplankton during the formation of ice cover in the sea have not been studied enough. In recent years, several alien species, including Arctic species of polychaete worms, which in their development have the stage of pelagic larvae, have naturalized in the Sea of Azov. The aim of the work is to study the taxonomic composition and numerical abundance of winter holo- and meroplankton of the Sea of Azov in December 2018. Zooplankton sampling was conducted in the bays of the Sea of Azov, viz., Taganrog and Temryuk during the formation of seasonal ice cover. Zooplankton samples were collected from December 3 to 14 at temperatures from 0 to +3 °C at 14 stations, 9 of which were performed in the Taganrog Bay (the port area of Yeisk) in three replications, and 5 of which – in the Temryuk Bay (each sample – in one replication). Zooplankton was sampled throughout the water column at depths of 4–8 meter using a big-sized Juday net with an opening diameter of 37 cm (mesh size was 120 μm) by total catch. The material was fixed by 2–4 % neutral formaldehyde and treated in the laboratory by the conventional procedure. Calculations of biomass were made using the tables of the average mass of organisms. The results showed that under similar temperature conditions the density of holo- and meroplankton organisms in the Taganrog Bay was four times higher than in the Temryuk Bay. Winter subglacial zooplankton was represented by two groups of organisms – native eurythermic forms of holoplankton and polychaetes larvae. As before, calanoid copepod composition was dominated by euryhaline Ponto-Caspian species Eurytemora affinis (Poppe, 1880). However, the species composition of the winter meroplankton of the Sea of Azov changed significantly in comparison with that of the period up to 2014. Unusual high density (118–119.9 thousand ind.·m−3) of polychaete larvae of Marenzelleria genus, the recent invader in the Sea of Azov, was registered in the Taganrog Bay at a low water temperature of 0…+1.2 °C. The peak of zooplankton numerical density (128.9–136.7 thousand ind.·m−3) was observed in winter season for the first time. Winter subglacial maximum of abundance of the polychaetes larvae of Marenzelleria sp. was 4–6 times higher than the abundance of meroplankton, previously noted in June, the most productive month of the year. Naturalization of polychaete worms Marenzelleria sp. can lead to a radical restructuring of the Sea of Azov ecosystem and to an increase of its productivity. Further studies of the phenology of these polychaetes larval stages in this basin are needed.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82551569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-24DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.05
A. Paraskiv, N. Tereshchenko, V. Proskurnin
The level of radioactive alpha-emitting radionuclides 239+240Pu activity concentration assessment in the surface (0–5 cm) bottom sediments from 10 Crimean salt lakes from 4 geographical groups was carried out. The highest values were observed in the lakes from different geographical groups: Kyzyl-Yar – (419 ± 27), Dzharylhach – (443 ± 24), Tobechik – (451 ± 43) mBq·kg-1 of 239+240Pu. The lowest values were observed in 3 studied lakes of Perekop group: Kiyat – (24 ± 6), Kirleut – (48 ± 4), Krasnoye – (95 ± 9) mBq·kg-1 of 239+240Pu. The comparative analysis showed that in the bottom sediment surface layer of the coastal Black Sea areas the 239+240Pu levels were on average twice as high as those in the surface bottom sediment of the salt lakes of the Crimean peninsula. The dose rates in the surface layer mud from the salt lakes were estimated to be within the natural radioactive background.
{"title":"Content of plutonium radionuclides in the bottom sediments of the salt lakes of the Crimean Peninsula in comparison with coastal areas of the Black Sea","authors":"A. Paraskiv, N. Tereshchenko, V. Proskurnin","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"The level of radioactive alpha-emitting radionuclides 239+240Pu activity concentration assessment in the surface (0–5 cm) bottom sediments from 10 Crimean salt lakes from 4 geographical groups was carried out. The highest values were observed in the lakes from different geographical groups: Kyzyl-Yar – (419 ± 27), Dzharylhach – (443 ± 24), Tobechik – (451 ± 43) mBq·kg-1 of 239+240Pu. The lowest values were observed in 3 studied lakes of Perekop group: Kiyat – (24 ± 6), Kirleut – (48 ± 4), Krasnoye – (95 ± 9) mBq·kg-1 of 239+240Pu. The comparative analysis showed that in the bottom sediment surface layer of the coastal Black Sea areas the 239+240Pu levels were on average twice as high as those in the surface bottom sediment of the salt lakes of the Crimean peninsula. The dose rates in the surface layer mud from the salt lakes were estimated to be within the natural radioactive background.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81880974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-24DOI: 10.21072/MBJ.2019.04.2.11
К. В. Русанов
On the basis of reports and memories, the history of the Novorossiysk Biological Station named after Professor V. M. Arnoldi in 1927–1932 is presented. In this period, the Station was headed by V. A. Vodyanitsky.
在报告和记忆的基础上，介绍了以V. M. Arnoldi教授命名的新罗西斯克生物站在1927-1932年的历史。在此期间，该站由v·a·沃佳尼茨基领导。
{"title":"Novorossiysk Biological Station named after Professor V. M. Arnoldi in 1927–1932","authors":"К. В. Русанов","doi":"10.21072/MBJ.2019.04.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/MBJ.2019.04.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of reports and memories, the history of the Novorossiysk Biological Station named after Professor V. M. Arnoldi in 1927–1932 is presented. In this period, the Station was headed by V. A. Vodyanitsky.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77107872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-24DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.04
L. V. Ladygina, A. V. Pirkova
An impact of modified nutrient media F/2 and Conway on the growth and biomass accumulation of the diatom algae Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus, which is a part of the food for cultivated larvae of the giant oyster Crassostrea gigas in the IMBR RAS nursery, was studied. Maximum values of cell and biomass concentrations were obtained on the modified F/2 nutrient medium (11.22 × 106 cells·ml-1 and 4.93 g·l-1, respectively), and they were much larger than those obtained on Conway medium. Growth parameters of C. calcitrans f. pumilus depended on the ratio of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as on the silicon content in nutrient media. The ratio N : P = 12.5 and the silicon concentration of 24 mg·l-1 in the modified F/2 nutrient medium are shown to be approaching the optimal ones for increasing growth rate of diatom algae. It is found that the microalga in concentration 150 × 103 cells·ml-1, cultivated on different nutrient media and included in food composition, has impact on the growth rate of giant oyster larvae. An average daily amount of growth of larvae, whose diet included algae cultivated on modified F/2 nutrient medium, was higher than that of larvae cultivated on Conway medium.
研究了改良营养培养基F/2和Conway对IMBR RAS育苗场巨型牡蛎长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)养殖幼虫食物之一的硅藻Chaetoceros calcitrans F . pumilus生长和生物量积累的影响。改良后的F/2培养基的细胞和生物量浓度最高，分别为11.22 × 106 cells·ml-1和4.93 g·l-1，远远大于Conway培养基。钙化赤藓的生长参数与无机氮磷的比例以及营养介质中硅的含量有关。在改良的F/2营养培养基中，N: P = 12.5和硅浓度为24 mg·l-1接近提高硅藻生长速率的最佳条件。结果表明，不同营养培养基中添加浓度为150 × 103 cells·ml-1的微藻对巨牡蛎幼虫的生长速度有影响。在改良的F/2营养培养基上培养藻类的幼虫日平均生长量高于在Conway培养基上培养的幼虫。
{"title":"Cultivation of the diatom algae Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus (Paulsen) Takano, 1968 as food for giant oyster larvae Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)","authors":"L. V. Ladygina, A. V. Pirkova","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"An impact of modified nutrient media F/2 and Conway on the growth and biomass accumulation of the diatom algae Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus, which is a part of the food for cultivated larvae of the giant oyster Crassostrea gigas in the IMBR RAS nursery, was studied. Maximum values of cell and biomass concentrations were obtained on the modified F/2 nutrient medium (11.22 × 106 cells·ml-1 and 4.93 g·l-1, respectively), and they were much larger than those obtained on Conway medium. Growth parameters of C. calcitrans f. pumilus depended on the ratio of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as on the silicon content in nutrient media. The ratio N : P = 12.5 and the silicon concentration of 24 mg·l-1 in the modified F/2 nutrient medium are shown to be approaching the optimal ones for increasing growth rate of diatom algae. It is found that the microalga in concentration 150 × 103 cells·ml-1, cultivated on different nutrient media and included in food composition, has impact on the growth rate of giant oyster larvae. An average daily amount of growth of larvae, whose diet included algae cultivated on modified F/2 nutrient medium, was higher than that of larvae cultivated on Conway medium.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74688136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article containing information about study of the taxocene Arthropoda is a continuation of the cycle describing the composition of the consortium of the invasive gastropod mollusk Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846). The consortium of R. venosa is still an unaccounted component in the biocenosis structure of the Black Sea shelf. The material used and the research methods are discussed in detail in previous articles of the cycle. The purpose of this work is to describe the complex of epibiontic organisms and to compile an annotated list of Arthropoda taxa of the consortium of R. venosa. The 27 species of phylum Arthropoda found in the consortium belong to two subphyla: Chelicerata (class Arachnida) and Crustacea (classes Malacostraca and Hexanauplia). The only representative of the arachnids class (Arachnida; Acari) – Rhombognathus notops (Gosse, 1855) – was found just twice (in a single specimen in samplings of 2016 and 2017). The shell of R. venosa serves as a substrate for the development of a variety of algae – favorable habitat for the epiphyton, which causes a high number and diversity of crustaceans in this biotope. The greatest taxonomic diversity was noted for the Malacostraca class – 25 species belonging to 22 genera of 19 families. Arthropods are represented in consortium of R. venosa by two main ecological groups – sedentary and mobile epibionts. The largest species diversity of Arthropoda is inherent in free-living mobile forms (23 species). Sedentary forms, which inferior in number of species (4), dominate by quantity (86 %) and biomass (94 %). The only representative of Cirripedia – Amphibalanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854) – is the most common (53 % of the total quantity) and massive crustacean, which contributes the most significant amount to the biomass (91.8 %) of Arthropoda in the consortium. More than 50 % of the Arthropoda species in the consortium are polyphages; phytophages are 20 %; detritophages are 28 % of the total number of arthropod species. The only adult specimen of fish ectoparasites is the isopod Elaphognathia bacescoi (Kussakin, 1969) found in a consortium of sandy rapa-whelk at a depth of 8 m in the Golubaya Bay of Sevastopol. All of the 27 species of Arthropoda found are present in the consortium of the sandy R. venosa, and only 3 species are noted on the rocky rapa-whelks. The differences in the composition of the consortium of the two ecomorphs of R. venosa are mainly due to the great development of the epiphytes and the reduced dynamics of the water masses in the sandy rapa-whelk habitats in Sevastopol region. Due to their taxonomic diversity, quantity and biomass, Arthropoda are an important element of the bottom biocenosis spatially and trophically associated with individuals of the largest gastropod of the Black Sea – R. venosa.
{"title":"Consorts of gastropod Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the Northern Black Sea. Part IV: Arthropoda","authors":"Удк, Консорты Брюхоногогомоллюска, Rapana Venosa Valenciennes","doi":"10.21072/MBJ.2019.04.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/MBJ.2019.04.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"This article containing information about study of the taxocene Arthropoda is a continuation of the cycle describing the composition of the consortium of the invasive gastropod mollusk Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846). The consortium of R. venosa is still an unaccounted component in the biocenosis structure of the Black Sea shelf. The material used and the research methods are discussed in detail in previous articles of the cycle. The purpose of this work is to describe the complex of epibiontic organisms and to compile an annotated list of Arthropoda taxa of the consortium of R. venosa. The 27 species of phylum Arthropoda found in the consortium belong to two subphyla: Chelicerata (class Arachnida) and Crustacea (classes Malacostraca and Hexanauplia). The only representative of the arachnids class (Arachnida; Acari) – Rhombognathus notops (Gosse, 1855) – was found just twice (in a single specimen in samplings of 2016 and 2017). The shell of R. venosa serves as a substrate for the development of a variety of algae – favorable habitat for the epiphyton, which causes a high number and diversity of crustaceans in this biotope. The greatest taxonomic diversity was noted for the Malacostraca class – 25 species belonging to 22 genera of 19 families. Arthropods are represented in consortium of R. venosa by two main ecological groups – sedentary and mobile epibionts. The largest species diversity of Arthropoda is inherent in free-living mobile forms (23 species). Sedentary forms, which inferior in number of species (4), dominate by quantity (86 %) and biomass (94 %). The only representative of Cirripedia – Amphibalanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854) – is the most common (53 % of the total quantity) and massive crustacean, which contributes the most significant amount to the biomass (91.8 %) of Arthropoda in the consortium. More than 50 % of the Arthropoda species in the consortium are polyphages; phytophages are 20 %; detritophages are 28 % of the total number of arthropod species. The only adult specimen of fish ectoparasites is the isopod Elaphognathia bacescoi (Kussakin, 1969) found in a consortium of sandy rapa-whelk at a depth of 8 m in the Golubaya Bay of Sevastopol. All of the 27 species of Arthropoda found are present in the consortium of the sandy R. venosa, and only 3 species are noted on the rocky rapa-whelks. The differences in the composition of the consortium of the two ecomorphs of R. venosa are mainly due to the great development of the epiphytes and the reduced dynamics of the water masses in the sandy rapa-whelk habitats in Sevastopol region. Due to their taxonomic diversity, quantity and biomass, Arthropoda are an important element of the bottom biocenosis spatially and trophically associated with individuals of the largest gastropod of the Black Sea – R. venosa.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86027802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-24DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.09
Z. Finenko, I. M. Mansurova, V. Suslin
The use of satellite data to study the chlorophyll a dynamics, in contrast to contact methods, allows carrying out large scale research with high frequency of measurements. Such observations were carried out in the Black Sea offshore and inshore areas from 1998 to 2015. They made it possible to estimate the annual and interannual chlorophyll a dynamics in the surface layer and to reveal the periodicity, intensity, and duration of mass development of algae. In the western and eastern cyclonic gyres as well as in the shelf zone off the Crimean and Caucasus coasts, annual chlorophyll dynamics had the same pattern as that repeating year after year. From August-September to April-May of the next year the variation of chlorophyll in most cases corresponded to normal distribution and had a form of a bell-shaped curve with maximum observed in December-January. During autumn period, the chlorophyll concentration gradually increased with water cooling and seasonal pycnoclyne weakening. In winter the chlorophyll concentration decreased due to increase of mixed layer depth. Spring phytoplankton intensive development was observed every year when convective mixing weakened and stability of water column increased.
{"title":"Dynamics of chlorophyll a concentration in the Black Sea on satellite data","authors":"Z. Finenko, I. M. Mansurova, V. Suslin","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"The use of satellite data to study the chlorophyll a dynamics, in contrast to contact methods, allows carrying out large scale research with high frequency of measurements. Such observations were carried out in the Black Sea offshore and inshore areas from 1998 to 2015. They made it possible to estimate the annual and interannual chlorophyll a dynamics in the surface layer and to reveal the periodicity, intensity, and duration of mass development of algae. In the western and eastern cyclonic gyres as well as in the shelf zone off the Crimean and Caucasus coasts, annual chlorophyll dynamics had the same pattern as that repeating year after year. From August-September to April-May of the next year the variation of chlorophyll in most cases corresponded to normal distribution and had a form of a bell-shaped curve with maximum observed in December-January. During autumn period, the chlorophyll concentration gradually increased with water cooling and seasonal pycnoclyne weakening. In winter the chlorophyll concentration decreased due to increase of mixed layer depth. Spring phytoplankton intensive development was observed every year when convective mixing weakened and stability of water column increased.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81608448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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