Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.1.02
R. N. Burukovsky
Palaemon adspersus is an inhabitant of the upper shelf (0–30 m) in temperate and subtropical zones of the East Atlantic, the northern limit of range reaching 60°N (Norway coast) and its southern limit being Atlantic waters of Morocco coast. The food of this species was studied at different times in different parts of its range, but it is described here for the first time for the Black Sea population. Stomach contents of 218 adult P. adspersus (74 of them had some food in the stomach, and 30 stomachs were full) were investigated. Samples were collected in September 2016 from commercial trap net near the Swan Islands in Karkinitsky Bay at the depth not exceeding 1.5 m. There was a small number of stomachs with food. It was due to a long stay of the shrimp in the trap net before their sampling. The shrimp had a body length (from the anterior edge of the orbits to the end of the telson) of 31.5–58.1 mm (males – 33.9–44.1 mm with a mode of 37 mm). The sex ratio was approximately 1 : 8 (11.7 % of males and 82.3 % of females). Females were represented by two groups. The first one had ovaries in maturity stage II and a modal size of 37 mm. The second group with the ovaries in maturity stage III had a modal size of 47 mm. Therefore, in September most of the females were mating, molting, and in their ovaries vitellogenesis began. By food composition, P. adspersus is a benthic feeder – euryphagous. Its food spectrum includes a wide range of food items from detritus and plant residues to gastropods, higher crustaceans, including shrimp, and fish. P. adspersus is primarily a gatherer detritophagous and macrophages, 70 % of its virtual food lump consisted of detritus and corpses of higher crustaceans. However, in relation to polychaetes it behaves as attacking predator while to gastropods it behaves as a grazing one. The comparison of the food composition of P. adspersus in Karkinitsky Bay (2016) with that in the Baltic Sea (1977), in the waters of Atlantic (1987) and Mediterranean (1993–1994) coasts of Spain reveals its spatial and temporal quasi-stability. Based on the totality of available data on food composition of P. adspersus, it should be attributed to sublittoral predators-opportunists.
{"title":"Food composition of the shrimp Palaemon adspersus Rathke, 1837 (Crustacea Decapoda, Palaemonidae) in Karkinitsky Bay of the Black Sea in September 2016","authors":"R. N. Burukovsky","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Palaemon adspersus is an inhabitant of the upper shelf (0–30 m) in temperate and subtropical zones of the East Atlantic, the northern limit of range reaching 60°N (Norway coast) and its southern limit being Atlantic waters of Morocco coast. The food of this species was studied at different times in different parts of its range, but it is described here for the first time for the Black Sea population. Stomach contents of 218 adult P. adspersus (74 of them had some food in the stomach, and 30 stomachs were full) were investigated. Samples were collected in September 2016 from commercial trap net near the Swan Islands in Karkinitsky Bay at the depth not exceeding 1.5 m. There was a small number of stomachs with food. It was due to a long stay of the shrimp in the trap net before their sampling. The shrimp had a body length (from the anterior edge of the orbits to the end of the telson) of 31.5–58.1 mm (males – 33.9–44.1 mm with a mode of 37 mm). The sex ratio was approximately 1 : 8 (11.7 % of males and 82.3 % of females). Females were represented by two groups. The first one had ovaries in maturity stage II and a modal size of 37 mm. The second group with the ovaries in maturity stage III had a modal size of 47 mm. Therefore, in September most of the females were mating, molting, and in their ovaries vitellogenesis began. By food composition, P. adspersus is a benthic feeder – euryphagous. Its food spectrum includes a wide range of food items from detritus and plant residues to gastropods, higher crustaceans, including shrimp, and fish. P. adspersus is primarily a gatherer detritophagous and macrophages, 70 % of its virtual food lump consisted of detritus and corpses of higher crustaceans. However, in relation to polychaetes it behaves as attacking predator while to gastropods it behaves as a grazing one. The comparison of the food composition of P. adspersus in Karkinitsky Bay (2016) with that in the Baltic Sea (1977), in the waters of Atlantic (1987) and Mediterranean (1993–1994) coasts of Spain reveals its spatial and temporal quasi-stability. Based on the totality of available data on food composition of P. adspersus, it should be attributed to sublittoral predators-opportunists.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90745454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.1.08
D. Y. Smirnov, L. Aganesova, A. Khanaychenko
Nauplii of brine shrimps Artemia spp. (Branchiopod: Anostraca) are one of the main species of live food used in marine fish larviculture. Specialized formulated enrichments or microalgae containing essential components for fish larvae are routinely used for improvement of biochemical composition of Artemia. Size, growth rate and survival of nauplii and metanauplii are important when Artemia is used as a live food. The goal of this study was to carry out comparative analysis of size characteristics and survival of metanauplii of the Crimean brine shrimp (produced by “Artemia cysts” company) feeding on different species of microalgae. Nauplii were hatched in accordance with the generally accepted procedure. Microalgae of different taxons – Isochrysis galbana, Prorocentrum micans, Gymnodinium wulffii, Prorocentrum cordatum, Tetraselmis suecica, Phaeodactylum tricornutum – were used for feeding metanauplii. The average diameter of dry Artemia cysts was 0.230 mm. The average length and width of nauplii were 0.473 and 0.150 mm, respectively. The average length of 1-day old metanauplii fed on T. suesica [(0,698 ± 0,014) mm] was significantly less than that of 1-day metanauplii fed on I. galbana, P. micans, G. wulfii, and Ph. tricornutum (P < 0.05). The average length and width of the 2-day and 3-days old metanauplii fed on I. galbana (1.19 and 0.324; 1.53 and 0.47 mm, respectively) were significantly larger than those of metanauplii fed on Ph. tricornutum, T. suesica, P. micans, and P. cordatum. Metanauplii fed on P. cordatum were significantly smaller than those fed on other diets. The survival of metanauplii fed on P. cordatum, P. micans, and T. suecica was the highest (above 95 %). The combination of the smallest sizes and highest survival rate of metanauplii fed on P. cordatum (microalgae with high DHA/EPA content) assumes the use on metanauplii as an experimental live food for marine fish larvae.
{"title":"Variability of size characteristics and survival of the nauplii of Crimean brine shrimp Artemia spp. (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) feeding on different species of microalgae","authors":"D. Y. Smirnov, L. Aganesova, A. Khanaychenko","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Nauplii of brine shrimps Artemia spp. (Branchiopod: Anostraca) are one of the main species of live food used in marine fish larviculture. Specialized formulated enrichments or microalgae containing essential components for fish larvae are routinely used for improvement of biochemical composition of Artemia. Size, growth rate and survival of nauplii and metanauplii are important when Artemia is used as a live food. The goal of this study was to carry out comparative analysis of size characteristics and survival of metanauplii of the Crimean brine shrimp (produced by “Artemia cysts” company) feeding on different species of microalgae. Nauplii were hatched in accordance with the generally accepted procedure. Microalgae of different taxons – Isochrysis galbana, Prorocentrum micans, Gymnodinium wulffii, Prorocentrum cordatum, Tetraselmis suecica, Phaeodactylum tricornutum – were used for feeding metanauplii. The average diameter of dry Artemia cysts was 0.230 mm. The average length and width of nauplii were 0.473 and 0.150 mm, respectively. The average length of 1-day old metanauplii fed on T. suesica [(0,698 ± 0,014) mm] was significantly less than that of 1-day metanauplii fed on I. galbana, P. micans, G. wulfii, and Ph. tricornutum (P < 0.05). The average length and width of the 2-day and 3-days old metanauplii fed on I. galbana (1.19 and 0.324; 1.53 and 0.47 mm, respectively) were significantly larger than those of metanauplii fed on Ph. tricornutum, T. suesica, P. micans, and P. cordatum. Metanauplii fed on P. cordatum were significantly smaller than those fed on other diets. The survival of metanauplii fed on P. cordatum, P. micans, and T. suecica was the highest (above 95 %). The combination of the smallest sizes and highest survival rate of metanauplii fed on P. cordatum (microalgae with high DHA/EPA content) assumes the use on metanauplii as an experimental live food for marine fish larvae.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79342555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.1.09
R. P. Trenkenshu
The work focuses on techniques of quantifying the specific growth rate of microalgae in both batch and continuous culture. It is shown, that to prove that the specific growth rate is a constant value, both the ratio of two chemical biomass characteristics and dimensional structure of cell population must be constant. Critical analysis of the correctness of using the logarithmic formula for estimating the specific growth rate (μ) of microalgae in the exponential phase of growth of batch culture is held: μ = (lnB2 – lnB1) / (t2 – t1), where B1 and B2 are densities (concentrations) of the culture at a moment of time t1 and t2, respectively. This formula is widely used by most microalgae researchers without proving exponential growth character. Availability of such proofs makes the applying of the logarithmic formula meaningless. Examples of quantitative description of the experimental data obtained for two types of marine microalgae in the exponential and linear phases of culture growth are given.
{"title":"Calculation of the specific growth rate of microalgae","authors":"R. P. Trenkenshu","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"The work focuses on techniques of quantifying the specific growth rate of microalgae in both batch and continuous culture. It is shown, that to prove that the specific growth rate is a constant value, both the ratio of two chemical biomass characteristics and dimensional structure of cell population must be constant. Critical analysis of the correctness of using the logarithmic formula for estimating the specific growth rate (μ) of microalgae in the exponential phase of growth of batch culture is held: μ = (lnB2 – lnB1) / (t2 – t1), where B1 and B2 are densities (concentrations) of the culture at a moment of time t1 and t2, respectively. This formula is widely used by most microalgae researchers without proving exponential growth character. Availability of such proofs makes the applying of the logarithmic formula meaningless. Examples of quantitative description of the experimental data obtained for two types of marine microalgae in the exponential and linear phases of culture growth are given.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78725714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2019.04.1.10
M. M. Smirnova
The presence of hepatotoxic cyanotoxins of microcystin group has been recorded in the southern part of the Curonian Lagoon annually since 2010. Because of unique natural features and cultural heritage, the Curonian Spit and the Curonian Lagoon are involved into diverse recreational usage. The potential health hazard due to microcystins is, thus, an inherent problem of the area. Rapid immunochromatographic semi-quantitative test (Microcystin Strip Test, Abraxis Ltd) was applied for the detection of microcystins in water samples from littoral zone. Samples were collected twice per month in May – November 2017 at six monitoring sites around the Lagoon. For the first time, the presence of toxic metabolites of cyanobacteria (microcystins) in the whole littoral of the southern part of the Curonian Lagoon during vegetation season was established. As previously noted, microcystins were present in water samples in summer and autumn. During May it were not found. The highest values (5–10 µg per litre) were recorded in the late June and during September at the Curonian Spit. These values were rather low in comparison with those of 2011–2016. From mid-to-late October toxins were recorded twice only, at the Curonian Spit. At the eastern and southern coasts maximal value was 5 µg per litre (once at the end of September). In other samples toxins were not detected or their values did not exceed 2.5 µg per litre.
{"title":"Presence of microcystins in the littoral zone of the Curonian Lagoon by the data of immunochromatographic analysis in 2017","authors":"M. M. Smirnova","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of hepatotoxic cyanotoxins of microcystin group has been recorded in the southern part of the Curonian Lagoon annually since 2010. Because of unique natural features and cultural heritage, the Curonian Spit and the Curonian Lagoon are involved into diverse recreational usage. The potential health hazard due to microcystins is, thus, an inherent problem of the area. Rapid immunochromatographic semi-quantitative test (Microcystin Strip Test, Abraxis Ltd) was applied for the detection of microcystins in water samples from littoral zone. Samples were collected twice per month in May – November 2017 at six monitoring sites around the Lagoon. For the first time, the presence of toxic metabolites of cyanobacteria (microcystins) in the whole littoral of the southern part of the Curonian Lagoon during vegetation season was established. As previously noted, microcystins were present in water samples in summer and autumn. During May it were not found. The highest values (5–10 µg per litre) were recorded in the late June and during September at the Curonian Spit. These values were rather low in comparison with those of 2011–2016. From mid-to-late October toxins were recorded twice only, at the Curonian Spit. At the eastern and southern coasts maximal value was 5 µg per litre (once at the end of September). In other samples toxins were not detected or their values did not exceed 2.5 µg per litre.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81820768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.04
A. V. Katokhin, Y. Kornyychuk
Data of genetic analysis of the Black Sea trematodes of Cainocreadium genus and Helicometra fasciata were obtained for the first time. The nucleotide sequences of ITS1 rRNA gene cluster of Cainocreadium flesi from Platichthys flesus (GenBank entries MG980645, MG980646) and Cainocreadium sp. from Gaidropsarus mediterraneus (MG980643, MG980644, MK248037, MK248038) off Crimean Black Sea coast were found to be identical. Nevertheless, they have not been synonymized because of morphological differences known between these hostal morphs. Sequences of Cainocreadium from the Black Sea fish turned out to differ, by 4 positions, from similar sequences of a closely related Mediterranean congener, C. labracis (cercaria). Five insertions-deletions and 38 nucleotide sequences distinguish the ITS1 sequences of the Black Sea trematodes, C. flesi and Cainocreadium sp., from ITS1 sequences of another Mediterranean congener, C. dentecis. The ITS1 sequences of the Black Sea and Mediterranean Helicometra fasciata samples also differ: 5 nucleotide changes and 11 insertions-deletions were identified. Supplementary data associated with this article can be found in online version at https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.04.
{"title":"First data of ITS1-genotyping of the Black Sea trematodes Cainocreadium and Helicometra (Trematoda: Opecoelidae)","authors":"A. V. Katokhin, Y. Kornyychuk","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"Data of genetic analysis of the Black Sea trematodes of Cainocreadium genus and Helicometra fasciata were obtained for the first time. The nucleotide sequences of ITS1 rRNA gene cluster of Cainocreadium flesi from Platichthys flesus (GenBank entries MG980645, MG980646) and Cainocreadium sp. from Gaidropsarus mediterraneus (MG980643, MG980644, MK248037, MK248038) off Crimean Black Sea coast were found to be identical. Nevertheless, they have not been synonymized because of morphological differences known between these hostal morphs. Sequences of Cainocreadium from the Black Sea fish turned out to differ, by 4 positions, from similar sequences of a closely related Mediterranean congener, C. labracis (cercaria). Five insertions-deletions and 38 nucleotide sequences distinguish the ITS1 sequences of the Black Sea trematodes, C. flesi and Cainocreadium sp., from ITS1 sequences of another Mediterranean congener, C. dentecis. The ITS1 sequences of the Black Sea and Mediterranean Helicometra fasciata samples also differ: 5 nucleotide changes and 11 insertions-deletions were identified. Supplementary data associated with this article can be found in online version at https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.04.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81148567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.21072/MBJ.2018.03.4.03
I. P. Bondarev
The name Flexopecten glaber ponticus (Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1889) is generally used for the only Pectinidae representative inhabiting the Black Sea. It is registered in the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea as endemic subspecies reducing in amount. F. glaber ponticus is listed in WoRMS MolluscaBase as the only accepted subspecies of Flexopecten glaber (Linnaeus, 1758). In the past its taxonomic status has been changed from a geographic variety to valid species. The purpose of this study is to establish its correct taxonomic status. The study is based on a comparative analysis of conchological features of Flexopecten glaber and F. glaber ponticus in relation with the brief natural history of population in the Black Sea. Sampling was performed by snorkel equipment in Kazach’ya Bay (Black Sea, Crimea, Sevastopol) at 2–6 m depths. A total of 100 scallop specimens were sampled in September 2017. To assure a better understanding in a broader context those results are compared with the previously published morphological data based on the analysis of a large amount of material from the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea – Marmara Sea regions. Comparative analysis of conchological features of F. glaber ponticus from the Black Sea with F. glaber from the Mediterranean region has not revealed any distinct differences between them. Thus, there are no evidenced data for the diagnosis of F. glaber ponticus as a subspecies. Species F. glaber appeared in the Black Sea not earlier than 7,000 years ago and formed a well developed population less than 3,000 years ago. We have to conclude that the specified divergence period is not long enough to form a subspecies. As a result of the present survey the subspecific status of F. glaber ponticus is not retained and the name is placed in synonymy of the parent species Flexopecten glaber.
{"title":"Taxonomic status of Flexopecten glaber ponticus (Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1889) – the Black Sea Flexopecten glaber (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bivalvia: Pectinidae)","authors":"I. P. Bondarev","doi":"10.21072/MBJ.2018.03.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/MBJ.2018.03.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"The name Flexopecten glaber ponticus (Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1889) is generally used for the only Pectinidae representative inhabiting the Black Sea. It is registered in the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea as endemic subspecies reducing in amount. F. glaber ponticus is listed in WoRMS MolluscaBase as the only accepted subspecies of Flexopecten glaber (Linnaeus, 1758). In the past its taxonomic status has been changed from a geographic variety to valid species. The purpose of this study is to establish its correct taxonomic status. The study is based on a comparative analysis of conchological features of Flexopecten glaber and F. glaber ponticus in relation with the brief natural history of population in the Black Sea. Sampling was performed by snorkel equipment in Kazach’ya Bay (Black Sea, Crimea, Sevastopol) at 2–6 m depths. A total of 100 scallop specimens were sampled in September 2017. To assure a better understanding in a broader context those results are compared with the previously published morphological data based on the analysis of a large amount of material from the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea – Marmara Sea regions. Comparative analysis of conchological features of F. glaber ponticus from the Black Sea with F. glaber from the Mediterranean region has not revealed any distinct differences between them. Thus, there are no evidenced data for the diagnosis of F. glaber ponticus as a subspecies. Species F. glaber appeared in the Black Sea not earlier than 7,000 years ago and formed a well developed population less than 3,000 years ago. We have to conclude that the specified divergence period is not long enough to form a subspecies. As a result of the present survey the subspecific status of F. glaber ponticus is not retained and the name is placed in synonymy of the parent species Flexopecten glaber.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"228 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80206524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.08
D. Pugovkin, G. Voskoboinikov
Brown algae in symbiotic relations with epiphytic bacteria play an important role in the bioremediation of the marine environment after the ingress of petroleum products; therefore, the study of these groups of organisms in the habitats with different pollution levels is of importance. The aim of the investigation was to study the structure of the surface of the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus and the localization of epiphytic bacteria on it in clean (Zelenetskaya Bay, East Murman) and oil-polluted (Kola Bay, Murmansk Seaport) water areas of the Barents Sea by the methods of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. To determine the number of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria, we chose the method of using liquid nutrient mediums. It was shown that most of the bacteria in the epiphytic community are concentrated in the natural “hollows” of the surface. On the surface of the algae from the polluted water area, bacteria are also localized in the mucous layer of plants, on the film and under the film of petroleum products, that covers the thallus. Besides the heterotrophic bacteria, a large number of cyanobacteria were found on the surface of algae from oil-polluted areas. It was shown that the number of cultivable bacteria on the surface of algae in the polluted area was more than 17 million cells per cm². In the clean water, the number of epiphytic bacteria reached 14.5 thousand cells per cm². The number of cultivable epiphytic hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria in the oil-polluted water was up to 17.4 thousand cells per cm². In the clean water, bacteria of this group were not detected.
{"title":"Epiphytic bacteria on the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus, 1753 (Barents Sea)","authors":"D. Pugovkin, G. Voskoboinikov","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.08","url":null,"abstract":"Brown algae in symbiotic relations with epiphytic bacteria play an important role in the bioremediation of the marine environment after the ingress of petroleum products; therefore, the study of these groups of organisms in the habitats with different pollution levels is of importance. The aim of the investigation was to study the structure of the surface of the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus and the localization of epiphytic bacteria on it in clean (Zelenetskaya Bay, East Murman) and oil-polluted (Kola Bay, Murmansk Seaport) water areas of the Barents Sea by the methods of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. To determine the number of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria, we chose the method of using liquid nutrient mediums. It was shown that most of the bacteria in the epiphytic community are concentrated in the natural “hollows” of the surface. On the surface of the algae from the polluted water area, bacteria are also localized in the mucous layer of plants, on the film and under the film of petroleum products, that covers the thallus. Besides the heterotrophic bacteria, a large number of cyanobacteria were found on the surface of algae from oil-polluted areas. It was shown that the number of cultivable bacteria on the surface of algae in the polluted area was more than 17 million cells per cm². In the clean water, the number of epiphytic bacteria reached 14.5 thousand cells per cm². The number of cultivable epiphytic hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria in the oil-polluted water was up to 17.4 thousand cells per cm². In the clean water, bacteria of this group were not detected.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83962874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.07
N. Pospelova, V. Egorov, N. Chelyadina, M. V. Nekhoroshev
The role of mussels in formation of water chemical composition is determined by the peculiarities of sorption and trophodynamic processes. Copper is a vital element, but of ten metals the toxic effect of which was tested for the survival of mussel and oyster embryos, copper is following mercury. Studying the regularities of copper content change during mussel ontogeny allows to determine both sanitary and hygienic risks of mussel product use during the mollusks cultivation in mariculture and the biogeochemical role in the formation of the chemical composition of the marine water near mussel farms. The purpose of this work is to determine the copper content in the organs and tissues of the mussels during seasonal course of mollusks ontogenesis, to analyze the degree of copper assimilation along the food path of mineral nutrition using the mathematical model and empirical data and to assess the influence of marine farms on the copper exchange processes in the coastal ecosystem. The mollusks were collected from the mussel farm located in the external roadstead of Sevastopol. Studying the copper content in the environment – mussel – biodeposition system, a method of atomic absorption spectroscopy with electrothermal atomization was used. A general model illustrating the process of copper exchange between the mussels and the water environment is presented. Equations for determining the degree of assimilation of metal from food (q) and the limiting coefficient of food accumulation of metal (Кп) are proposed based on the results of measurements of its concentrations in the mussels’ diet, soft tissue and their biodeposition without using radioactive trace elements. The values of the copper removal by the mussel farm were calculated. The role of cultivated mollusks in the heavy metals precipitation was shown.
{"title":"The copper content in the organs and tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 and the flow of its sedimentary deposition into bottom sediments in the farms of the Black Sea aquaculture","authors":"N. Pospelova, V. Egorov, N. Chelyadina, M. V. Nekhoroshev","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.07","url":null,"abstract":"The role of mussels in formation of water chemical composition is determined by the peculiarities of sorption and trophodynamic processes. Copper is a vital element, but of ten metals the toxic effect of which was tested for the survival of mussel and oyster embryos, copper is following mercury. Studying the regularities of copper content change during mussel ontogeny allows to determine both sanitary and hygienic risks of mussel product use during the mollusks cultivation in mariculture and the biogeochemical role in the formation of the chemical composition of the marine water near mussel farms. The purpose of this work is to determine the copper content in the organs and tissues of the mussels during seasonal course of mollusks ontogenesis, to analyze the degree of copper assimilation along the food path of mineral nutrition using the mathematical model and empirical data and to assess the influence of marine farms on the copper exchange processes in the coastal ecosystem. The mollusks were collected from the mussel farm located in the external roadstead of Sevastopol. Studying the copper content in the environment – mussel – biodeposition system, a method of atomic absorption spectroscopy with electrothermal atomization was used. A general model illustrating the process of copper exchange between the mussels and the water environment is presented. Equations for determining the degree of assimilation of metal from food (q) and the limiting coefficient of food accumulation of metal (Кп) are proposed based on the results of measurements of its concentrations in the mussels’ diet, soft tissue and their biodeposition without using radioactive trace elements. The values of the copper removal by the mussel farm were calculated. The role of cultivated mollusks in the heavy metals precipitation was shown.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79353984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.06
L. Malakhova, E. Skuratovskaya, T. V. Malakhova, A. Boltachev, V. V. Lobkо
Despite the ban on the use of organochlorine compounds (OCs), they are still widely distributed in various components of the Black Sea ecosystem, including fish. Sevastopol marine area, as a region of active economic use, is a subject of significant anthropogenic impact. The levels of OCs contamination in the scorpion fish Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758, which leads a sedentary life, can serve as an indicator of such impact. The organochlorine compounds were determined in 58 samples of white muscles, gonads and liver of the scorpion fish captured in 2016–2017 in the various bays of Sevastopol (Aleksandrovskaya, Balaklava, Kazach’ya, Streletskaya, Laspi), as well as in the open coastal water area (the area of the Lyubimovka village). The qualitative and quantitative analyses of organochlorine pesticides and six indicator congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls were performed by gas chromatography with a micro-electron capture detector. To determine the response of scorpion fish to the contamination level, such biochemical markers, as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, catalase activities, albumin content, level of oxidative protein modification and malondialdehyde concentration, were studied in the liver of fish from these areas. The OCs content in fish depended on the contamination of the fish habitat. The highest OCs level is in fish organs from bays (Alexandrovskaya, Streletskaya, Balaklava), and the smallest – in the fish organs from open Laspi Bay. The accumulation of OCs in the scorpion fish organs differed according to the lipid content in their tissues. The maximum rates of OCs concentrations were in the liver of fish catch from all investigated regions, the minimum – in the gonads (from bays samples) and in the white muscles (from open areas samples). The obtained relationships between the OCs content and biochemical parameters indicate the weakening of antioxidant protection and the increasing of oxidative stress in fish as a result of the xenobiotic accumulation.
{"title":"Organochlorine compounds in scorpion fish Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Sevastopol marine area (Black Sea): spatial distribution and biological response","authors":"L. Malakhova, E. Skuratovskaya, T. V. Malakhova, A. Boltachev, V. V. Lobkо","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.06","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the ban on the use of organochlorine compounds (OCs), they are still widely distributed in various components of the Black Sea ecosystem, including fish. Sevastopol marine area, as a region of active economic use, is a subject of significant anthropogenic impact. The levels of OCs contamination in the scorpion fish Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758, which leads a sedentary life, can serve as an indicator of such impact. The organochlorine compounds were determined in 58 samples of white muscles, gonads and liver of the scorpion fish captured in 2016–2017 in the various bays of Sevastopol (Aleksandrovskaya, Balaklava, Kazach’ya, Streletskaya, Laspi), as well as in the open coastal water area (the area of the Lyubimovka village). The qualitative and quantitative analyses of organochlorine pesticides and six indicator congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls were performed by gas chromatography with a micro-electron capture detector. To determine the response of scorpion fish to the contamination level, such biochemical markers, as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, catalase activities, albumin content, level of oxidative protein modification and malondialdehyde concentration, were studied in the liver of fish from these areas. The OCs content in fish depended on the contamination of the fish habitat. The highest OCs level is in fish organs from bays (Alexandrovskaya, Streletskaya, Balaklava), and the smallest – in the fish organs from open Laspi Bay. The accumulation of OCs in the scorpion fish organs differed according to the lipid content in their tissues. The maximum rates of OCs concentrations were in the liver of fish catch from all investigated regions, the minimum – in the gonads (from bays samples) and in the white muscles (from open areas samples). The obtained relationships between the OCs content and biochemical parameters indicate the weakening of antioxidant protection and the increasing of oxidative stress in fish as a result of the xenobiotic accumulation.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90328600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.21072/MBJ.2018.03.4.11
Iu. S. Baiandina, A. Khanaychenko
The impact of different level of turbulence on developing eggs and prelarvae of the Black Sea turbot Scophthalmus maeoticus obtained from the pair of wild spawners at the end of natural spawning season has been studied. The incubation was carried out at three different levels of turbulence generated by diffused aeration: without aeration (calm water), low aeration (34 ml per minute) and high aeration (75 ml per minute). In calm water hatching rate (HR) of turbot eggs was 20 % and the hatched prelarvae had the longest standard length (SL = 3.13 mm) and the biggest volume of the yolk sac (VYS = 0.37 mm³) as compared to those of low aeration (HR = 18 %; SL = 3.10 mm; VYS = 0.32 mm³) and high aeration conditions (HR = 14 %; SL = 3.10 mm; VYS = 0.29 mm³). One day after hatching the percentage of survived prelarvae from the number of hatched was the highest – 86 % at high aeration, compared with that of low aeration (72 %) and calm water (61 %). Application of turbulence leads to elimination of “poor” quality eggs during incubation, presumably enables hatching of more viable larvae and can reduce mortality of more advanced larvae.
{"title":"Water turbulence effect on egg survival and characteristics of hatched larvae of the Black Sea turbot Scophthalmus maeoticus (Pallas, 1814)","authors":"Iu. S. Baiandina, A. Khanaychenko","doi":"10.21072/MBJ.2018.03.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/MBJ.2018.03.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of different level of turbulence on developing eggs and prelarvae of the Black Sea turbot Scophthalmus maeoticus obtained from the pair of wild spawners at the end of natural spawning season has been studied. The incubation was carried out at three different levels of turbulence generated by diffused aeration: without aeration (calm water), low aeration (34 ml per minute) and high aeration (75 ml per minute). In calm water hatching rate (HR) of turbot eggs was 20 % and the hatched prelarvae had the longest standard length (SL = 3.13 mm) and the biggest volume of the yolk sac (VYS = 0.37 mm³) as compared to those of low aeration (HR = 18 %; SL = 3.10 mm; VYS = 0.32 mm³) and high aeration conditions (HR = 14 %; SL = 3.10 mm; VYS = 0.29 mm³). One day after hatching the percentage of survived prelarvae from the number of hatched was the highest – 86 % at high aeration, compared with that of low aeration (72 %) and calm water (61 %). Application of turbulence leads to elimination of “poor” quality eggs during incubation, presumably enables hatching of more viable larvae and can reduce mortality of more advanced larvae.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"369 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77334291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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