Kamran A. Walsh, Andrew R. Thompson, Garfield T. Kwan, Brice X. Semmens, H. William Fennie, Rasmus Swalethorp
ABSTRACT: Feeding success and maternal effects on larval size have long been hypothesized to be important contributors to interannual recruitment variability in marine fishes. This study examined the feeding ecology and influences of diet and size at birth on length and growth of larval rockfishes (Sebastes spp.). Prey carbon biomass and selection were calculated from gut contents, size at birth was estimated using otolith core size, and recent growth was derived from outer otolith increment widths. Biomass contributions of preferred prey and otolith data were integrated into Bayesian hierarchical models predicting length and growth. Larvae primarily fed on and selected for copepod nauplii and calanoid copepodites, modulating feeding with ontogeny and in response to prey availability. Based on carbon weight, the relative contribution of calanoid copepodites to the diet was more strongly and positively correlated with length and growth than that of nauplii. Younger larvae experienced faster growth in association with calanoid copepodite consumption than older larvae. Positive effects of core radius suggest that initial larval size, believed to be mediated by maternal provisioning, increases the likelihood of survival, larger size, and faster growth. These findings ultimately provide evidence that selective feeding and size at birth mediate rockfish survival in early life stages.
{"title":"Diet and size at birth affect larval rockfish condition and survival","authors":"Kamran A. Walsh, Andrew R. Thompson, Garfield T. Kwan, Brice X. Semmens, H. William Fennie, Rasmus Swalethorp","doi":"10.3354/meps14677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14677","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Feeding success and maternal effects on larval size have long been hypothesized to be important contributors to interannual recruitment variability in marine fishes. This study examined the feeding ecology and influences of diet and size at birth on length and growth of larval rockfishes (<i>Sebastes</i> spp.). Prey carbon biomass and selection were calculated from gut contents, size at birth was estimated using otolith core size, and recent growth was derived from outer otolith increment widths. Biomass contributions of preferred prey and otolith data were integrated into Bayesian hierarchical models predicting length and growth. Larvae primarily fed on and selected for copepod nauplii and calanoid copepodites, modulating feeding with ontogeny and in response to prey availability. Based on carbon weight, the relative contribution of calanoid copepodites to the diet was more strongly and positively correlated with length and growth than that of nauplii. Younger larvae experienced faster growth in association with calanoid copepodite consumption than older larvae. Positive effects of core radius suggest that initial larval size, believed to be mediated by maternal provisioning, increases the likelihood of survival, larger size, and faster growth. These findings ultimately provide evidence that selective feeding and size at birth mediate rockfish survival in early life stages.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew B. Ogburn, Henry D. Legett, Robert Aguilar, Nathan B. Furey, Keira Heggie, Mariah C. Livernois, Kimberly D. Richie
ABSTRACT: Anadromous fish are declining at a global scale, and a more holistic approach to management is needed that addresses threats across their freshwater, estuarine, and ocean habitats. In this study, we used acoustic telemetry to track adult alewife Alosa pseudoharengus in Chesapeake Bay, USA, to evaluate, for the first time, habitat use throughout the entire annual migration cycle. Fifty adult alewife were tagged in the Choptank River, Maryland, in spring 2022, and detection data were obtained via collaborative acoustic telemetry networks along the Eastern Seaboard of the USA and Canada. Water temperature data were also collected using data loggers in the Choptank River and from satellite measurements of sea surface temperature in Chesapeake Bay and the ocean. In total, 48 tags (96%) were detected at least once, 14 tagged fish (28%) were detected in the ocean migrating north to the Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy, and 5 tagged fish (10%) returned to the Choptank River in spring 2023. With few exceptions, tagged fish were detected at temperatures of 7-16°C across all habitats (river to ocean and back). Alewife made extensive use of tidal and non-tidal portions of the Choptank River during spring, migrated to summer habitats that are experiencing rapid warming, and passed through areas of high incidental catch on both the outgoing and return migration. This study highlights how acoustic telemetry can refine our understanding of river-specific migrations of anadromous fish and the management implications of their movements in regions with collaborative acoustic telemetry networks.
{"title":"Acoustic telemetry captures the full annual migration of alewife between Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Maine","authors":"Matthew B. Ogburn, Henry D. Legett, Robert Aguilar, Nathan B. Furey, Keira Heggie, Mariah C. Livernois, Kimberly D. Richie","doi":"10.3354/meps14676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14676","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Anadromous fish are declining at a global scale, and a more holistic approach to management is needed that addresses threats across their freshwater, estuarine, and ocean habitats. In this study, we used acoustic telemetry to track adult alewife <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i> in Chesapeake Bay, USA, to evaluate, for the first time, habitat use throughout the entire annual migration cycle. Fifty adult alewife were tagged in the Choptank River, Maryland, in spring 2022, and detection data were obtained via collaborative acoustic telemetry networks along the Eastern Seaboard of the USA and Canada. Water temperature data were also collected using data loggers in the Choptank River and from satellite measurements of sea surface temperature in Chesapeake Bay and the ocean. In total, 48 tags (96%) were detected at least once, 14 tagged fish (28%) were detected in the ocean migrating north to the Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy, and 5 tagged fish (10%) returned to the Choptank River in spring 2023. With few exceptions, tagged fish were detected at temperatures of 7-16°C across all habitats (river to ocean and back). Alewife made extensive use of tidal and non-tidal portions of the Choptank River during spring, migrated to summer habitats that are experiencing rapid warming, and passed through areas of high incidental catch on both the outgoing and return migration. This study highlights how acoustic telemetry can refine our understanding of river-specific migrations of anadromous fish and the management implications of their movements in regions with collaborative acoustic telemetry networks.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catharina Uth, Eero Asmala, Aleksandra M. Lewandowska
ABSTRACT: Phytoplankton are the major primary producers in the pelagic system. They greatly influence biogeochemical cycles but little is known about the importance of shifting phytoplankton community composition for carbon dynamics. This study investigates the impact of seasonal changes in coastal phytoplankton communities on pelagic carbon fluxes. A field sampling campaign, covering an annual cycle in primary production, was conducted to assess the seasonal changes of phytoplankton communities and relevant organic carbon parameters in the coastal Baltic Sea. The monitoring frequency ranged from 1 to 3 wk, adapted to match the seasonal phytoplankton blooms. In addition, sediment traps were deployed to determine the particulate carbon and nutrient export to the seafloor in every season. We found that the phytoplankton biomass during the spring bloom was as high as 550 µg C l-1 and was dominated by diatom species (88% of total phytoplankton biomass). In comparison, the more species-rich summer bloom reached a combined maximum biomass of 236 µg C l-1. However, the highest export flux of particulate organic carbon was found in the middle of August (561 mmol C m-2 d-1) and, not as expected, around the spring bloom in May (226 mmol C m-2 d-1), suggesting a high potential for carbon recycling within the pelagic food web rather than being exported to the seafloor or advected laterally. Our study emphasizes the importance of keystone species and diversity for carbon transport processes in marine coastal ecosystems and highlights complex relationships between phytoplankton biomass production, community composition and carbon dynamics.
摘要：浮游植物是浮游系统中的主要初级生产者。它们极大地影响着生物地球化学循环，但人们对浮游植物群落组成的变化对碳动力学的重要性知之甚少。本研究调查了沿岸浮游植物群落的季节性变化对浮游碳通量的影响。为了评估波罗的海沿岸浮游植物群落和相关有机碳参数的季节变化，进行了一次涵盖初级 生产年周期的实地取样活动。监测频率为 1 至 3 周，以配合浮游植物的季节性繁殖。此外，还部署了沉积物捕集器，以确定每个季节向海底输出的颗粒碳和营养物质。我们发现，春季藻华期间的浮游植物生物量高达 550 µg C l-1，且以硅藻类为主（占浮游植物总生物量的 88%）。相比之下，物种更为丰富的夏季水华的总生物量最高为 236 µg C l-1。然而，颗粒有机碳的最高输出通量出现在 8 月中旬（561 mmol C m-2 d-1）和 5 月春花盛开前后（226 mmol C m-2 d-1），这表明碳在浮游食物网内循环的潜力很大，而不是输出到海底或横向平移。我们的研究强调了关键物种和多样性对海洋沿岸生态系统碳传输过程的重要性，并突出了浮游植物生物量生产、群落组成和碳动态之间的复杂关系。
{"title":"Phytoplankton community composition as a driver of annual autochthonous organic carbon dynamics in the northern coastal Baltic Sea","authors":"Catharina Uth, Eero Asmala, Aleksandra M. Lewandowska","doi":"10.3354/meps14685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14685","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Phytoplankton are the major primary producers in the pelagic system. They greatly influence biogeochemical cycles but little is known about the importance of shifting phytoplankton community composition for carbon dynamics. This study investigates the impact of seasonal changes in coastal phytoplankton communities on pelagic carbon fluxes. A field sampling campaign, covering an annual cycle in primary production, was conducted to assess the seasonal changes of phytoplankton communities and relevant organic carbon parameters in the coastal Baltic Sea. The monitoring frequency ranged from 1 to 3 wk, adapted to match the seasonal phytoplankton blooms. In addition, sediment traps were deployed to determine the particulate carbon and nutrient export to the seafloor in every season. We found that the phytoplankton biomass during the spring bloom was as high as 550 µg C l<sup>-1</sup> and was dominated by diatom species (88% of total phytoplankton biomass). In comparison, the more species-rich summer bloom reached a combined maximum biomass of 236 µg C l<sup>-1</sup>. However, the highest export flux of particulate organic carbon was found in the middle of August (561 mmol C m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>) and, not as expected, around the spring bloom in May (226 mmol C m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>), suggesting a high potential for carbon recycling within the pelagic food web rather than being exported to the seafloor or advected laterally. Our study emphasizes the importance of keystone species and diversity for carbon transport processes in marine coastal ecosystems and highlights complex relationships between phytoplankton biomass production, community composition and carbon dynamics.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan T. Munnelly, Brett R. Pittinger, Sean F. Keenan, Theodore S. Switzer
ABSTRACT: Pockmarks are abundant seafloor features worldwide and, in West Florida Shelf waters <110 m deep, are thought to be sites of sediment excavation primarily by red grouper Epinephelus morio, although red snapper Lutjanus campechanus also excavate sediment. During 2014-2017, side-scan sonar (445 kHz) was used to locate and deploy stereo-baited remote underwater video arrays within view of 202 such excavations in waters 17-110 m deep on the West Florida Shelf off the Florida Panhandle and Peninsula. Three excavation habitat classes included 73 isolated excavations on open sand, 74 associated with low-relief hard bottom, and 55 associated with artificial reefs. Physical characteristics of excavations varied between regions, among habitats, and with depth; mean diameter (±1 SE) was 9.9 ± 0.3 m (range: 3-24.6 m). Excavations not around artificial reefs contained 6.9 ± 0.5 m2 (0-27.7 m2) of exposed rock, and epibenthic growth covered 33 ± 2% of the interiors. Members of 99 fish genera were identified. Fish abundance was greatest at isolated excavations which showed similar evenness to excavated artificial reefs; diversity was higher at excavated low-relief hard bottom. L. campechanus was much more common in Panhandle waters, especially at excavated artificial reefs which had subsided 0.8 ± 0.1 vertical meters below the seafloor (i.e. 48 ± 4% of the structure). These biotic and abiotic characteristics of excavations highlight the importance of E. morio’s ecosystem-engineering services and provide new insight into the contributions of L. campechanus in creating or maintaining excavations at natural and anthropogenic habitats.
{"title":"Benthic modification and biotic associations at natural and artificial habitats excavated by Epinephelus morio and Lutjanus campechanus","authors":"Ryan T. Munnelly, Brett R. Pittinger, Sean F. Keenan, Theodore S. Switzer","doi":"10.3354/meps14679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14679","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Pockmarks are abundant seafloor features worldwide and, in West Florida Shelf waters <110 m deep, are thought to be sites of sediment excavation primarily by red grouper <i>Epinephelus morio</i>, although red snapper <i>Lutjanus campechanus</i> also excavate sediment. During 2014-2017, side-scan sonar (445 kHz) was used to locate and deploy stereo-baited remote underwater video arrays within view of 202 such excavations in waters 17-110 m deep on the West Florida Shelf off the Florida Panhandle and Peninsula. Three excavation habitat classes included 73 isolated excavations on open sand, 74 associated with low-relief hard bottom, and 55 associated with artificial reefs. Physical characteristics of excavations varied between regions, among habitats, and with depth; mean diameter (±1 SE) was 9.9 ± 0.3 m (range: 3-24.6 m). Excavations not around artificial reefs contained 6.9 ± 0.5 m<sup>2</sup> (0-27.7 m<sup>2</sup>) of exposed rock, and epibenthic growth covered 33 ± 2% of the interiors. Members of 99 fish genera were identified. Fish abundance was greatest at isolated excavations which showed similar evenness to excavated artificial reefs; diversity was higher at excavated low-relief hard bottom. <i>L. campechanus</i> was much more common in Panhandle waters, especially at excavated artificial reefs which had subsided 0.8 ± 0.1 vertical meters below the seafloor (i.e. 48 ± 4% of the structure). These biotic and abiotic characteristics of excavations highlight the importance of <i>E. morio</i>’s ecosystem-engineering services and provide new insight into the contributions of <i>L. campechanus</i> in creating or maintaining excavations at natural and anthropogenic habitats.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brandon J. Vriends, Paula Tummon Flynn, Pedro A. Quijón
ABSTRACT: Trophic cascades focusing on direct (consumptive) effects have been well studied in marine ecosystems. However, less attention has been given to cascades involving indirect interactions embedded in distinct habitats. We focused on the interactions between a non-indigenous predator (the green crab Carcinus maenas), a consumer (the mud crab Panopeus herbstii), and a prey species (juvenile eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica). These interactions were studied in 3 small yet distinct habitats of increasing complexity: bare sediments, patches of blue mussels Mytilus edulis (BM), and a unique habitat consisting of giant Irish moss Chondrus crispus and mussels combined (IMBM). In the field, green crab predation rates on mud crabs were estimated in each of the abovementioned habitats using tethering experiments. The results showed that green crab foraging was most effective in bare sediments and least effective in IMBM, i.e. the least and most complex habitats, respectively. Trials conducted in the laboratory with mud crabs foraging over oysters showed a similar outcome: oyster mortality rates declined with increased habitat complexity. However, when trials were conducted in the presence of a green crab, this pattern reversed, and oyster mortality was lowest in bare sediments. Mud crab behavior was consistent with these results: in the presence of a green crab, mud crabs were less active and spent more time sheltering, whereas in its absence, the opposite pattern was observed, especially in bare sediments. These behaviorally driven indirect interactions are dependent on the presence of a non-indigenous predator and mediated by the type of habitat.
{"title":"Habitat-mediated direct and indirect interactions in a marine sedimentary system from Atlantic Canada","authors":"Brandon J. Vriends, Paula Tummon Flynn, Pedro A. Quijón","doi":"10.3354/meps14687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14687","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Trophic cascades focusing on direct (consumptive) effects have been well studied in marine ecosystems. However, less attention has been given to cascades involving indirect interactions embedded in distinct habitats. We focused on the interactions between a non-indigenous predator (the green crab <i>Carcinus maenas</i>), a consumer (the mud crab <i>Panopeus herbsti</i><i>i</i>), and a prey species (juvenile eastern oysters <i>Crassostrea virginica</i>). These interactions were studied in 3 small yet distinct habitats of increasing complexity: bare sediments, patches of blue mussels <i>Mytilus edulis</i> (BM), and a unique habitat consisting of giant Irish moss <i>Chondrus crispus</i> and mussels combined (IMBM). In the field, green crab predation rates on mud crabs were estimated in each of the abovementioned habitats using tethering experiments. The results showed that green crab foraging was most effective in bare sediments and least effective in IMBM, i.e. the least and most complex habitats, respectively. Trials conducted in the laboratory with mud crabs foraging over oysters showed a similar outcome: oyster mortality rates declined with increased habitat complexity. However, when trials were conducted in the presence of a green crab, this pattern reversed, and oyster mortality was lowest in bare sediments. Mud crab behavior was consistent with these results: in the presence of a green crab, mud crabs were less active and spent more time sheltering, whereas in its absence, the opposite pattern was observed, especially in bare sediments. These behaviorally driven indirect interactions are dependent on the presence of a non-indigenous predator and mediated by the type of habitat.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. J. Hirche, E. A. Ershova, K. N. Kosobokova, R. R. Hopcroft
ABSTRACT: The large calanoids Calanus hyperboreus and C. glacialis dominate the zooplankton biomass in the central Arctic Ocean (CAO), but the absence of early life stages has raised speculation whether they complete their life cycle there, or whether they represent expatriates advected from adjacent regions. Our study, conducted across 2 transects of the CAO during fall 2011, focused on the distribution, stage composition, dry weight, individual lipid content, and egg production of these species. Although reproductive activity and early developmental stages were observed only on the fringes of the deep basins, late-stage copepodite and adult female abundances remained steady across the study area for C. glacialis and increased away from the shelves for C. hyperboreus. We found no decline in lipid content or dry weight in adult C. glacialis away from productive regions and only a minor reduction in adult C. hyperboreus. However, the lipid content and dry weight in C5 copepodites significantly decreased away from the shelf break, particularly in C. hyperboreus. This suggests that although early life stages struggle to survive in the resource-limited conditions of the deep CAO and even subadults remain vulnerable to starvation, adults have the resilience to survive long enough to be eventually transported by ocean currents to more favourable regions for reproduction. As such, we suggest that both species of Calanus are neither ‘residents’ nor ‘expatriates’ in the Arctic basins, but rather ontogenetic migrants that take advantage of different habitats within the Arctic Ocean to maximise their survival and reproductive success.
{"title":"From fringe to basin: unravelling the survival strategies of Calanus hyperboreus and C. glacialis in the Arctic Ocean","authors":"H. J. Hirche, E. A. Ershova, K. N. Kosobokova, R. R. Hopcroft","doi":"10.3354/meps14665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14665","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The large calanoids <i>Calanus hyperboreus</i> and <i>C. glacialis</i> dominate the zooplankton biomass in the central Arctic Ocean (CAO), but the absence of early life stages has raised speculation whether they complete their life cycle there, or whether they represent expatriates advected from adjacent regions. Our study, conducted across 2 transects of the CAO during fall 2011, focused on the distribution, stage composition, dry weight, individual lipid content, and egg production of these species. Although reproductive activity and early developmental stages were observed only on the fringes of the deep basins, late-stage copepodite and adult female abundances remained steady across the study area for <i>C. glacialis</i> and increased away from the shelves for <i>C. hyperboreus</i>. We found no decline in lipid content or dry weight in adult <i>C. glacialis</i> away from productive regions and only a minor reduction in adult <i>C. hyperboreus</i>. However, the lipid content and dry weight in C5 copepodites significantly decreased away from the shelf break, particularly in <i>C. hyperboreus</i>. This suggests that although early life stages struggle to survive in the resource-limited conditions of the deep CAO and even subadults remain vulnerable to starvation, adults have the resilience to survive long enough to be eventually transported by ocean currents to more favourable regions for reproduction. As such, we suggest that both species of <i>Calanus</i> are neither ‘residents’ nor ‘expatriates’ in the Arctic basins, but rather ontogenetic migrants that take advantage of different habitats within the Arctic Ocean to maximise their survival and reproductive success.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clément Gauci, Alexander Jueterbock, Ananya Khatei, Galice Hoarau, Inka Bartsch
ABSTRACT: Saccharina latissima is a brown algal kelp species of ecological and economic importance. As the rise in sea surface temperature will threaten not only wild populations of S. latissima but also the productivity of kelp farms, crop enhancement techniques will become crucial to mitigate this threat. Priming is a common strategy in crop plants, in which seeds are pre-exposed to moderate stress to improve the performance and tolerance of plants when exposed to harsher conditions. We investigated the potential of thermal priming to improve growth and tolerance of S. latissima. Kelp gametophytes primed at 20°C for 2, 4 and 6 wk and then re-transferred to 5°C were compared to a naïve treatment maintained at 5°C. Gametophyte priming increased growth of subsequently formed sporophytes by up to 30% (for 4 wk priming) compared to the naïve treatment. Female gametophyte growth in the priming environment was positively correlated to offspring sporophyte growth, indicating a maternal effect. Sporophytes were exposed to heat stress of 20°, 22°, 23° and 24°C for 2 wk. Sporophytes from 4 and 6 wk primed gametophytes exhibited 11 d longer tolerance at 22°C, 7 d longer tolerance at 23°C and 1°C higher thermal tolerance over 7 d compared to naïve sporophytes and sporophytes from 2 wk priming. A priming time of 4 wk was optimal for both sporophyte growth and thermal tolerance. Our results suggest that priming is a promising crop enhancement technique that could improve yield for seaweed farmers and restoration of kelp forests threatened by warming climates.
摘要：Saccharina latissima 是一种具有重要生态和经济价值的褐藻海带物种。由于海面温度的升高不仅会威胁到 S. latissima 的野生种群，也会威胁到海藻养殖场的生产力，因此，作物强化技术将成为缓解这一威胁的关键。催熟是作物植物的一种常见策略，即让种子预先承受适度的压力，以提高植物在更恶劣条件下的表现和耐受性。我们研究了热诱导改善 S. latissima 生长和耐受性的潜力。海带配子体在20°C下进行2、4和6周的预热，然后重新转移到5°C，并与在5°C下保持的原始处理进行比较。与原始处理相比，配子体启动可使随后形成的孢子体的生长速度提高 30%（启动 4 周）。雌配子体在初始化环境中的生长与后代孢子体的生长呈正相关，表明存在母性效应。孢子体在 20°、22°、23° 和 24°C 的热胁迫下暴露 2 周。与原始孢子体和引种2周的孢子体相比，引种4周和6周配子体的孢子体在22°C下的耐受时间延长了11天，在23°C下的耐受时间延长了7天，7天内的耐热性提高了1°C。启动时间为 4 周对孢子体的生长和耐热性都是最佳的。我们的研究结果表明，引种是一种很有前景的作物增产技术，可以提高海藻养殖户的产量，并恢复受气候变暖威胁的海藻林。
{"title":"Thermal priming of Saccharina latissima: a promising strategy to improve seaweed production and restoration in future climates","authors":"Clément Gauci, Alexander Jueterbock, Ananya Khatei, Galice Hoarau, Inka Bartsch","doi":"10.3354/meps14683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14683","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: <i>Saccharina latissima</i> is a brown algal kelp species of ecological and economic importance. As the rise in sea surface temperature will threaten not only wild populations of <i>S. latissima</i> but also the productivity of kelp farms, crop enhancement techniques will become crucial to mitigate this threat. Priming is a common strategy in crop plants, in which seeds are pre-exposed to moderate stress to improve the performance and tolerance of plants when exposed to harsher conditions. We investigated the potential of thermal priming to improve growth and tolerance of <i>S. latissima</i>. Kelp gametophytes primed at 20°C for 2, 4 and 6 wk and then re-transferred to 5°C were compared to a naïve treatment maintained at 5°C. Gametophyte priming increased growth of subsequently formed sporophytes by up to 30% (for 4 wk priming) compared to the naïve treatment. Female gametophyte growth in the priming environment was positively correlated to offspring sporophyte growth, indicating a maternal effect. Sporophytes were exposed to heat stress of 20°, 22°, 23° and 24°C for 2 wk. Sporophytes from 4 and 6 wk primed gametophytes exhibited 11 d longer tolerance at 22°C, 7 d longer tolerance at 23°C and 1°C higher thermal tolerance over 7 d compared to naïve sporophytes and sporophytes from 2 wk priming. A priming time of 4 wk was optimal for both sporophyte growth and thermal tolerance. Our results suggest that priming is a promising crop enhancement technique that could improve yield for seaweed farmers and restoration of kelp forests threatened by warming climates.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Carlos Arronte, Alberto Serrano, José Manuel González-Irusta
ABSTRACT: Phycis blennoides is a component of the ecosystem of the Atlantic waters of northern Spain and a species of commercial interest for fisheries in this region. However, little is known about the distribution of this species. The present study analyses the relationships between different environmental and spatial variables and distribution of P. blennoides. Biological (presence-absence, abundance, biomass and total length) and environmental data were collected from a bottom trawl survey carried out off the northern coast of Spain. These data were used in 2-step generalised additive models to examine both the relative significance of physical factors in influencing P. blennoides distribution and to generate density distribution maps. Additionally, the role of fishing effort on P. blennoides body size distribution with depth was analysed. Geospatial analyses showed that changes in annual abundance did not influence physical habitat preference. Most of the variation in spatial distribution was explained by the sampling position and depth. The analyses showed that P. blennoides exhibited habitat preferences in the waters of Galicia and the Cantabrian Sea, with higher values of presence, abundance and biomass on the upper slope and on fine-grained sediment bottoms. P. blennoides biomass increased with depth, probably due to the increased mean size of individuals with depth. Modelling results suggest that the observed ontogenetic deepening appears to be mainly driven by the life history strategy of the species, but is also reinforced by fishing effort.
摘要：Phycis blennoides 是西班牙北部大西洋水域生态系统的一个组成部分，也是该地区渔业中具有商业价值的一个物种。然而，人们对该物种的分布知之甚少。本研究分析了不同环境和空间变量与 P. blennoides 分布之间的关系。生物数据（存在-不存在、丰度、生物量和总长度）和环境数据均来自在西班牙北部海岸进行的底拖网调查。这些数据被用于两步广义加法模型，以研究物理因素对 P. blennoides 分布的相对影响，并生成密度分布图。此外，还分析了捕捞强度对 P. blennoides 体型随深度分布的影响。地理空间分析表明，年丰度的变化并不影响对物理栖息地的偏好。取样位置和深度可以解释空间分布的大部分变化。分析表明，P. blennoides 在加利西亚和坎塔布里亚海水域表现出生境偏好，在上坡和细粒沉积物底部的存在率、丰度和生物量值都较高。P. blennoides的生物量随深度增加而增加，这可能是由于个体的平均大小随深度增加而增加。建模结果表明，所观察到的个体深度似乎主要是由该物种的生活史策略驱动的，但也受到捕捞活动的影响。
{"title":"Habitat preferences of Phycis blennoides (Pisces: Gadiformes): environmental factors and fishing-related ontogenic deepening","authors":"Juan Carlos Arronte, Alberto Serrano, José Manuel González-Irusta","doi":"10.3354/meps14673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14673","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: <i>Phycis blennoides</i> is a component of the ecosystem of the Atlantic waters of northern Spain and a species of commercial interest for fisheries in this region. However, little is known about the distribution of this species. The present study analyses the relationships between different environmental and spatial variables and distribution of <i>P. blennoides</i>. Biological (presence-absence, abundance, biomass and total length) and environmental data were collected from a bottom trawl survey carried out off the northern coast of Spain. These data were used in 2-step generalised additive models to examine both the relative significance of physical factors in influencing <i>P. blennoides</i> distribution and to generate density distribution maps. Additionally, the role of fishing effort on <i>P. blennoides</i> body size distribution with depth was analysed. Geospatial analyses showed that changes in annual abundance did not influence physical habitat preference. Most of the variation in spatial distribution was explained by the sampling position and depth. The analyses showed that <i>P. blennoides</i> exhibited habitat preferences in the waters of Galicia and the Cantabrian Sea, with higher values of presence, abundance and biomass on the upper slope and on fine-grained sediment bottoms. <i>P. blennoides</i> biomass increased with depth, probably due to the increased mean size of individuals with depth. Modelling results suggest that the observed ontogenetic deepening appears to be mainly driven by the life history strategy of the species, but is also reinforced by fishing effort.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James C. Klein, Eric N. Powell, Danielle A. Kreeger, Xiaodong Zhang, Sara M. Pace, Kelsey M. Kuykendall, Roger L. Thomas
ABSTRACT: Oyster Crassostrea virginica population recovery is critical in degraded estuarine systems, such as Mississippi Sound, USA, where repeated mass mortality events have depleted local oyster stocks. Owing to multiple recent die-offs, the western Mississippi Sound oyster population is recruitment-limited; population growth is constrained by the entry of new individuals into the extant population. Therefore, oyster recovery requires an adequate supply of larvae capable of timely development, growth, and successful metamorphosis. Larval performance and settlement potential are influenced by ambient temperature, salinity, and food supply. Food quantity is important to larvae, but so is food quality, as larvae require a balanced diet of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates to develop and survive through metamorphosis. In this study, in situ environmental and food conditions during the 2021 and 2022 spawning seasons from 7 oyster reefs in western Mississippi Sound were integrated into an established biochemically based larval performance model to estimate periods facilitative of successful metamorphosis. In 2021, model-estimated larval survivorship was suppressed through much of the spawning season by prolonged, extremely low salinity (<5 ppt) and inadequately balanced food supply. Higher seasonal salinity and more balanced food composition increased model-estimated larval survivorship in 2022, despite lower total food content, suggesting larval performance was primarily governed by the quality of available food. Model-estimated settlement windows were compared to settlement windows derived from concomitant field observations of recruitment. Strong agreement between model-estimated and observed settlement windows validates the effectiveness of the model and informs on the underlying causes of recruitment limitation in western Mississippi Sound.
{"title":"Model estimation of eastern oyster larval performance from food quantity and quality measures in western Mississippi Sound","authors":"James C. Klein, Eric N. Powell, Danielle A. Kreeger, Xiaodong Zhang, Sara M. Pace, Kelsey M. Kuykendall, Roger L. Thomas","doi":"10.3354/meps14675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14675","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Oyster <i>Crassostrea virginica</i> population recovery is critical in degraded estuarine systems, such as Mississippi Sound, USA, where repeated mass mortality events have depleted local oyster stocks. Owing to multiple recent die-offs, the western Mississippi Sound oyster population is recruitment-limited; population growth is constrained by the entry of new individuals into the extant population. Therefore, oyster recovery requires an adequate supply of larvae capable of timely development, growth, and successful metamorphosis. Larval performance and settlement potential are influenced by ambient temperature, salinity, and food supply. Food quantity is important to larvae, but so is food quality, as larvae require a balanced diet of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates to develop and survive through metamorphosis. In this study, <i>in situ</i> environmental and food conditions during the 2021 and 2022 spawning seasons from 7 oyster reefs in western Mississippi Sound were integrated into an established biochemically based larval performance model to estimate periods facilitative of successful metamorphosis. In 2021, model-estimated larval survivorship was suppressed through much of the spawning season by prolonged, extremely low salinity (<5 ppt) and inadequately balanced food supply. Higher seasonal salinity and more balanced food composition increased model-estimated larval survivorship in 2022, despite lower total food content, suggesting larval performance was primarily governed by the quality of available food. Model-estimated settlement windows were compared to settlement windows derived from concomitant field observations of recruitment. Strong agreement between model-estimated and observed settlement windows validates the effectiveness of the model and informs on the underlying causes of recruitment limitation in western Mississippi Sound.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Megan Ladds, Juliette Smith, Vanessa Strohm, Christopher J. Gobler
ABSTRACT: Dinophysis spp. synthesize lipophilic toxins and form harmful algal blooms (HABs) across the globe. Zooplankton can play a role in controlling HABs and be a vector for HAB toxins; however, no study has explored the grazing and survival of copepods fed cultured Dinophysis. Here, the copepod Acartia tonsa isolated from New York, USA, was fed 3 strains of D. acuminata from the eastern USA (Massachutsetts, New York, Virginia), as well as 2 non-toxic prey (Rhodomonas salina and Gymnodinium aureolum). Grazing and survival rates of A. tonsa were quantified along with toxins. A. tonsa fed on D. acuminata at rates similar to R. salina and G. aureolum. Mixed-prey experiments suggested that D. acuminata was not acutely toxic to A. tonsa. Extracellular levels of okadaic acid (OA) significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) and extracellular pectenotoxin (PTX2) increased by 50% upon exposure to copepods, suggesting that grazers stimulated extracellular toxin release. During 3 wk survival experiments, copepods consuming D. acuminata as a sole food source displayed significantly lower survival rates compared to those fed a control diet of R. salina (p < 0.05). This depressed survivorship was ameliorated by feeding the copepods a diet of D. acuminata mixed with G. aureolum, suggesting that nutritional deficiencies drove mortality. Since grazing on Dinophysis may be low when prey abundance is low, reduced grazing may contribute to bloom development; however, as blooms intensify, grazing may increase, potentially causing a reduction in copepod survival and continued bloom progression. Finally, grazing-induced increases in OA and PTX2 could enhance the introduction of Dinophysis-derived toxins into food webs.
ABSTRACT: Dinophysis spp.会合成亲脂性毒素并在全球范围内形成有害藻华（HABs）。浮游动物可在控制有害藻华方面发挥作用，同时也是有害藻华毒素的传播媒介。在此，研究人员给分离自美国纽约的桡足类 Acartia tonsa 喂食了 3 种来自美国东部（马萨诸塞州、纽约州和弗吉尼亚州）的 D. acuminata 菌株以及 2 种无毒猎物（Rhodomonas salina 和 Gymnodinium aureolum）。对扁囊藻的捕食率和存活率以及毒素进行了量化。A. tonsa捕食 D. acuminata 的比率与 R. salina 和 G. aureolum 相似。混合捕食实验表明，D. acuminata 对扁豆虫没有急性毒性。暴露于桡足类后，细胞外 okadaic 酸（OA）水平显著增加（p ≤ 0.05），细胞外 pectenotoxin（PTX2）增加了 50%，表明食草动物刺激了细胞外毒素的释放。在为期 3 周的存活实验中，与饲喂盐渍桡足类对照食物的桡足类相比，仅以 D. acuminata 为食物来源的桡足类存活率明显较低（p < 0.05）。给桡足类喂食混有金线莲的 D. acuminata 后，存活率下降的情况有所改善，这表明营养缺乏导致了死亡。由于在猎物丰度较低时，对Dinophysis的捕食可能较少，因此减少捕食可能有助于藻华的发展；然而，随着藻华的加剧，捕食可能会增加，从而可能导致桡足类存活率下降和藻华继续发展。最后，放牧引起的 OA 和 PTX2 的增加可能会促进 Dinophysis 衍生毒素进入食物网。
{"title":"Acartia tonsa grazing on the harmful dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata reduces copepod survival and increases extracellular toxin concentrations","authors":"Megan Ladds, Juliette Smith, Vanessa Strohm, Christopher J. Gobler","doi":"10.3354/meps14666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14666","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: <i>Dinophysis</i> spp. synthesize lipophilic toxins and form harmful algal blooms (HABs) across the globe. Zooplankton can play a role in controlling HABs and be a vector for HAB toxins; however, no study has explored the grazing and survival of copepods fed cultured <i>Dinophysis</i>. Here, the copepod <i>Acartia tonsa</i> isolated from New York, USA, was fed 3 strains of <i>D. acuminata</i> from the eastern USA (Massachutsetts, New York, Virginia), as well as 2 non-toxic prey (<i>Rhodomonas salina</i> and <i>Gymnodinium aureolum</i>). Grazing and survival rates of <i>A. tonsa</i> were quantified along with toxins. <i>A. tonsa</i> fed on <i>D. acuminata</i> at rates similar to <i>R. salina</i> and <i>G. aureolum.</i> Mixed-prey experiments suggested that <i>D. acuminata</i> was not acutely toxic to <i>A. tonsa.</i> Extracellular levels of okadaic acid (OA) significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) and extracellular pectenotoxin (PTX2) increased by 50% upon exposure to copepods, suggesting that grazers stimulated extracellular toxin release. During 3 wk survival experiments, copepods consuming <i>D. acuminata</i> as a sole food source displayed significantly lower survival rates compared to those fed a control diet of <i>R. salina</i> (p < 0.05). This depressed survivorship was ameliorated by feeding the copepods a diet of <i>D. acuminata</i> mixed with <i>G. aureolum</i>, suggesting that nutritional deficiencies drove mortality. Since grazing on <i>Dinophysis</i> may be low when prey abundance is low, reduced grazing may contribute to bloom development; however, as blooms intensify, grazing may increase, potentially causing a reduction in copepod survival and continued bloom progression. Finally, grazing-induced increases in OA and PTX2 could enhance the introduction of <i>Dinophysis</i>-derived toxins into food webs.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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