ABSTRACT: Atlantic herring Clupea harengus populations differ in their spawning time, and spring- and autumn-spawning populations are genetically distinct. Offspring of these populations encounter seasonal variations in productivity. We conducted a fertilization experiment using spring-spawning Atlantic herring. Offspring were reared for 3 yr with seasonal varying light cycles starting either in spring or autumn, using 2 fixed temperature levels and food provided in excess. Such long-term experiments from hatching to maturation in small pelagic fish are very rare. We hypothesized that longer daylengths early in life would provide an overall growth advantage resulting in larger size after 1 yr (same amount of light) compared to those experiencing prolonged daylight later in life due to higher size-dependent growth rates at smaller sizes. Larvae with initial spring conditions initially grew faster. However, contrary to our expectations, offspring with initial autumn conditions had caught up to similar size after 1 yr. Herring at higher temperatures grew faster, even when correcting for the amount of degree-days. After the first year, individuals hatched in spring showed higher growth at the higher temperature while herring hatched under autumn light conditions consistently had higher growth rates at lower temperatures. The somatic condition of herring followed the daylength, with best conditions during summer and poorest during winter. This was the first long-term experiment conducted on herring with varying light conditions from hatching to maturation. Our novel results indicate that herring display considerable growth plasticity, reflecting the wide range of environmental conditions and life histories sustaining herring populations.
{"title":"Growth of spring- and autumn-spawned larvae of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus: a long-term experiment mimicking seasonal light conditions","authors":"Florian Berg, Gaute Seljestad, Arild Folkvord","doi":"10.3354/meps14521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14521","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Atlantic herring <i>Clupea harengus</i> populations differ in their spawning time, and spring- and autumn-spawning populations are genetically distinct. Offspring of these populations encounter seasonal variations in productivity. We conducted a fertilization experiment using spring-spawning Atlantic herring. Offspring were reared for 3 yr with seasonal varying light cycles starting either in spring or autumn, using 2 fixed temperature levels and food provided in excess. Such long-term experiments from hatching to maturation in small pelagic fish are very rare. We hypothesized that longer daylengths early in life would provide an overall growth advantage resulting in larger size after 1 yr (same amount of light) compared to those experiencing prolonged daylight later in life due to higher size-dependent growth rates at smaller sizes. Larvae with initial spring conditions initially grew faster. However, contrary to our expectations, offspring with initial autumn conditions had caught up to similar size after 1 yr. Herring at higher temperatures grew faster, even when correcting for the amount of degree-days. After the first year, individuals hatched in spring showed higher growth at the higher temperature while herring hatched under autumn light conditions consistently had higher growth rates at lower temperatures. The somatic condition of herring followed the daylength, with best conditions during summer and poorest during winter. This was the first long-term experiment conducted on herring with varying light conditions from hatching to maturation. Our novel results indicate that herring display considerable growth plasticity, reflecting the wide range of environmental conditions and life histories sustaining herring populations.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141868885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myron A. Peck, Ignacio A. Catalán, Susana Garrido, Ryan R. Rykaczewski, Rebecca G. Asch, Jan R. McDowell, Elliott L. Hazen, Isaac C. Kaplan
ABSTRACT: Populations of small pelagic fish (SPF), such as sardines, anchovies and herrings, support some of the largest marine fisheries globally and are critical for trophic transfer in large marine ecosystems and food security, particularly in low- to medium-income countries. Marked changes in population size, shifts in distribution on multiple time scales, and impacts on their populations from other pressures (e.g. overfishing, climate change) pose large challenges to sustainably manage these resources to avoid the serious socioeconomic and ecological impacts of population collapses. The ecology and management of SPF was discussed in an international symposium in Lisbon, Portugal, attracting participants from 38 countries and 6 continents. This Theme Section includes 18 research contributions examining SPF from 6 different ecological regions alongside 3 global analyses. These studies, including a wide range of topics from parasitology, behavior and trophodynamics to growth and spawning, provide important new knowledge that will improve science-based advice and tools needed for sustainable, ecosystem-based management of these resources. This symposium was an important milestone for a global working group and sowed the seeds for continued, globally coordinated research efforts on the role of SPF in complex socio-ecological systems.
{"title":"Small pelagic fish: new frontiers in ecological research","authors":"Myron A. Peck, Ignacio A. Catalán, Susana Garrido, Ryan R. Rykaczewski, Rebecca G. Asch, Jan R. McDowell, Elliott L. Hazen, Isaac C. Kaplan","doi":"10.3354/meps14648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14648","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Populations of small pelagic fish (SPF), such as sardines, anchovies and herrings, support some of the largest marine fisheries globally and are critical for trophic transfer in large marine ecosystems and food security, particularly in low- to medium-income countries. Marked changes in population size, shifts in distribution on multiple time scales, and impacts on their populations from other pressures (e.g. overfishing, climate change) pose large challenges to sustainably manage these resources to avoid the serious socioeconomic and ecological impacts of population collapses. The ecology and management of SPF was discussed in an international symposium in Lisbon, Portugal, attracting participants from 38 countries and 6 continents. This Theme Section includes 18 research contributions examining SPF from 6 different ecological regions alongside 3 global analyses. These studies, including a wide range of topics from parasitology, behavior and trophodynamics to growth and spawning, provide important new knowledge that will improve science-based advice and tools needed for sustainable, ecosystem-based management of these resources. This symposium was an important milestone for a global working group and sowed the seeds for continued, globally coordinated research efforts on the role of SPF in complex socio-ecological systems.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141868893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Cannibalism and intraguild predation occur in a vast number of small pelagic fish (SPF) species. Egg and larval predation can have important consequences on mortality, and its accurate assessment is important to estimate the impact on recruitment strength and population dynamics of predators and prey. Such assessments are hampered by limitations in visual species identification of many fish eggs and larvae in the predators’ stomachs. European sardine Sardina pilchardus and Atlantic chub mackerel Scomber colias, the dominant species of the pelagic food web off the Canary Current Upwelling ecosystem, are major predators of fish eggs. Egg predation by these SPF species is particularly high on sardine and anchovy eggs, but many preyed fish eggs are not amenable to visual identification. This study provides a proof-of-concept application of molecular identification of diverse fish eggs from SPF stomach contents not suitable for visual identification, as a way to improve our understanding of the impact of intraguild predation on fish population dynamics. Results show a high diversity of fish species in the eggs ingested by sardines and chub mackerel (18 and 15 families, respectively), mostly comprising locally abundant coastal taxa. Sardine ingested predominantly anchovy, sardine and sparid eggs, while chub mackerel ingested predominantly sparid eggs, followed by serranid (Serranus spp.) and sardine eggs. Sardines also showed higher variability in prey composition compared to chub mackerel. Exploratory analyses also suggested variability in prey composition with sampling area, season and maturity stage for sardine and chub mackerel, highlighting the need for dedicated follow-up studies.
{"title":"Molecular barcoding reveals patterns of egg predation in small pelagic fish","authors":"Ana Veríssimo, Pedro Fonseca, Susana Garrido","doi":"10.3354/meps14498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14498","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Cannibalism and intraguild predation occur in a vast number of small pelagic fish (SPF) species. Egg and larval predation can have important consequences on mortality, and its accurate assessment is important to estimate the impact on recruitment strength and population dynamics of predators and prey. Such assessments are hampered by limitations in visual species identification of many fish eggs and larvae in the predators’ stomachs. European sardine <i>Sardina pilchardus</i> and Atlantic chub mackerel <i>Scomber colias</i>, the dominant species of the pelagic food web off the Canary Current Upwelling ecosystem, are major predators of fish eggs. Egg predation by these SPF species is particularly high on sardine and anchovy eggs, but many preyed fish eggs are not amenable to visual identification. This study provides a proof-of-concept application of molecular identification of diverse fish eggs from SPF stomach contents not suitable for visual identification, as a way to improve our understanding of the impact of intraguild predation on fish population dynamics. Results show a high diversity of fish species in the eggs ingested by sardines and chub mackerel (18 and 15 families, respectively), mostly comprising locally abundant coastal taxa. Sardine ingested predominantly anchovy, sardine and sparid eggs, while chub mackerel ingested predominantly sparid eggs, followed by serranid (<i>Serranus</i> spp.) and sardine eggs. Sardines also showed higher variability in prey composition compared to chub mackerel. Exploratory analyses also suggested variability in prey composition with sampling area, season and maturity stage for sardine and chub mackerel, highlighting the need for dedicated follow-up studies.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141868730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel J. Gurr, Katherine McFarland, Genevieve Bernatchez, Mark S. Dixon, Lisa Guy, Lisa M. Milke, Matthew E. Poach, Deborah Hart, Louis V. Plough, Dylan H. Redman, George Sennefelder, Sheila Stiles, Gary H. Wikfors, Dianna K. Padilla, Shannon L. Meseck
ABSTRACT: For calcifying organisms such as bivalves, short-term exposure to increased ocean acidification (OA; elevated pCO2) may reduce growth rate, increase mortality, and disrupt shell formation. A growing body of research suggests that clearance rates and what particles bivalves select may change under high pCO2 exposure; however, these experiments are acute, ranging from days to weeks. The effects of food supply on bivalves under long-term OA exposure remain incompletely understood. In this study, juvenile northern bay scallops Argopecten irradians (Lamarck) that had been reared since 4 h post-fertilization under one of 2 OA conditions (∼500-600 or ∼750-850 µatm pCO2; ∼1.37-1.5 or ∼1.0-1.2 Ωaragonite), were subjected to 2 food levels for 42 d (low food: ∼400, high food: ∼1400 chlorophyll cells ml-1). Standard metabolic rate (SMR) and clearance rate (CR) were measured on Day 0, and SMR, CR, growth, and survivorship were measured at 14 and 42 days of exposure to 2 food levels for each of the OA treatments. Juveniles under food scarcity had reduced survivorship and growth independent of OA treatment. We found no effect of OA treatment or an OA × food interaction for these metrics. There was only a food-level effect for SMR and no OA treatment effect; however, there was an interaction between food and OA for CR. Under elevated pCO2 concentrations, scallops cleared Chaetoceros neogracile (strain Chaet-B) over Tetraselmis chui (strain PLY429) and natural seston. Altogether, these data suggest that tolerance to OA mediated by food may depend on food quality or other characteristics that influence particle selection under short-term experimental challenges.
摘要：对于双壳类等钙化生物来说，短期暴露于增加的海洋酸化（OA；pCO2升高）环境中可能会降低生长速度、增加死亡率并破坏贝壳的形成。越来越多的研究表明，在暴露于高 pCO2 的情况下，双壳类的清除率和所选择的颗粒可能会发生变化；然而，这些实验都是急性的，从数天到数周不等。在长期暴露于 OA 的情况下，食物供应对双壳类动物的影响仍不完全清楚。在本研究中，自受精后 4 小时起就在两种 OA 条件（pCO2 ∼500-600 或 ∼750-850 µatm; ∼1.37-1.5或∼1.0-1.2 Ω霰石），在42天内摄入两种食物水平（低摄入量：∼400，高摄入量：∼1400叶绿素细胞毫升-1）。第 0 天测量标准代谢率（SMR）和清除率（CR），第 14 天和第 42 天测量两种食物水平下每种 OA 处理的标准代谢率、清除率、生长和存活率。在食物匮乏的条件下，幼体的存活率和生长率都有所下降，这与OA处理无关。我们没有发现OA处理或OA × 食物交互作用对这些指标的影响。对于SMR，只有食物水平的影响，而没有OA处理的影响；但是，对于CR，食物和OA之间存在交互作用。在pCO2浓度升高的情况下，扇贝对Chaetoceros neogracile（菌株Chaet-B）的清除率高于Tetraselmis chui（菌株PLY429）和天然淤泥。总之，这些数据表明，食物介导的对 OA 的耐受性可能取决于食物质量或其他特征，这些特征会影响短期实验挑战下的颗粒选择。
{"title":"Effects of food supply on northern bay scallops Argopecten irradians reared under two pCO2 conditions","authors":"Samuel J. Gurr, Katherine McFarland, Genevieve Bernatchez, Mark S. Dixon, Lisa Guy, Lisa M. Milke, Matthew E. Poach, Deborah Hart, Louis V. Plough, Dylan H. Redman, George Sennefelder, Sheila Stiles, Gary H. Wikfors, Dianna K. Padilla, Shannon L. Meseck","doi":"10.3354/meps14624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14624","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: For calcifying organisms such as bivalves, short-term exposure to increased ocean acidification (OA; elevated <i> p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) may reduce growth rate, increase mortality, and disrupt shell formation. A growing body of research suggests that clearance rates and what particles bivalves select may change under high <i> p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> exposure; however, these experiments are acute, ranging from days to weeks. The effects of food supply on bivalves under long-term OA exposure remain incompletely understood. In this study, juvenile northern bay scallops <i>Argopecten irradians</i> (Lamarck) that had been reared since 4 h post-fertilization under one of 2 OA conditions (∼500-600 or ∼750-850 µatm <i> p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>; ∼1.37-1.5 or ∼1.0-1.2 Ω<sub>aragonite</sub>), were subjected to 2 food levels for 42 d (low food: ∼400, high food: ∼1400 chlorophyll cells ml<sup>-1</sup>). Standard metabolic rate (SMR) and clearance rate (CR) were measured on Day 0, and SMR, CR, growth, and survivorship were measured at 14 and 42 days of exposure to 2 food levels for each of the OA treatments. Juveniles under food scarcity had reduced survivorship and growth independent of OA treatment. We found no effect of OA treatment or an OA × food interaction for these metrics. There was only a food-level effect for SMR and no OA treatment effect; however, there was an interaction between food and OA for CR. Under elevated <i> p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, scallops cleared <i>Chaetoceros neogracile</i> (strain Chaet-B) over <i>Tetraselmis chui</i> (strain PLY429) and natural seston. Altogether, these data suggest that tolerance to OA mediated by food may depend on food quality or other characteristics that influence particle selection under short-term experimental challenges.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Devin L. Johnson, Joseph M. Eisaguirre, Rebecca L. Taylor, Joel L. Garlich-Miller
ABSTRACT: Climate change and anthropogenic disturbance are increasingly affecting wildlife at a global scale. Predicting how varying types and degrees of disturbance may interact to influence population dynamics is a key management challenge. Population consequences of disturbance (PCoD) models provide a framework to link effects of anthropogenic disturbance on an individual’s behavior and physiology to population-level changes. In the present study, we develop a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) PCoD model to encompass the population-level effects of both anthropogenic disturbance and climate change. As the Arctic becomes increasingly ice-free, walruses spend more time at coastal (vs. ice-based) haulouts, from which they must expend more energy to reach foraging areas and where they have an elevated risk of mortality. Concurrently, sea ice loss is increasing the anthropogenic footprint in the Arctic (e.g. fisheries, shipping, energy exploration), which creates additional disturbance. We applied the PCoD model to 4 scenarios (ranging from optimistic to pessimistic) which incorporate different global sea ice model projections along with varying degrees of anthropogenic disturbance. All scenarios indicated a decline in Pacific walrus vital rates by the end of the 21st century, but our results demonstrated that the intensity of that decline could be mitigated by global efforts to reduce carbon emissions, along with local management and conservation efforts to protect important coastal haulouts and foraging grounds. In summary, we introduce a flexible PCoD modeling framework in a novel context which will prove useful to researchers studying species threatened by rapid environmental change.
{"title":"Assessing the population consequences of disturbance and climate change for the Pacific walrus","authors":"Devin L. Johnson, Joseph M. Eisaguirre, Rebecca L. Taylor, Joel L. Garlich-Miller","doi":"10.3354/meps14635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14635","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Climate change and anthropogenic disturbance are increasingly affecting wildlife at a global scale. Predicting how varying types and degrees of disturbance may interact to influence population dynamics is a key management challenge. Population consequences of disturbance (PCoD) models provide a framework to link effects of anthropogenic disturbance on an individual’s behavior and physiology to population-level changes. In the present study, we develop a Pacific walrus (<i>Odobenus rosmarus divergens</i>) PCoD model to encompass the population-level effects of both anthropogenic disturbance and climate change. As the Arctic becomes increasingly ice-free, walruses spend more time at coastal (vs. ice-based) haulouts, from which they must expend more energy to reach foraging areas and where they have an elevated risk of mortality. Concurrently, sea ice loss is increasing the anthropogenic footprint in the Arctic (e.g. fisheries, shipping, energy exploration), which creates additional disturbance. We applied the PCoD model to 4 scenarios (ranging from optimistic to pessimistic) which incorporate different global sea ice model projections along with varying degrees of anthropogenic disturbance. All scenarios indicated a decline in Pacific walrus vital rates by the end of the 21st century, but our results demonstrated that the intensity of that decline could be mitigated by global efforts to reduce carbon emissions, along with local management and conservation efforts to protect important coastal haulouts and foraging grounds. In summary, we introduce a flexible PCoD modeling framework in a novel context which will prove useful to researchers studying species threatened by rapid environmental change.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Dispersal is a critical process in marine ecology, with profound implications for population conservation and fisheries management. Previous research has predominantly focused on reef-associated species, but studying the dispersal of more mobile fish species in nearshore environments is exceptionally challenging due to the complex coastal hydrography similar to reefs, and therefore dispersal knowledge of some coastal migratory behavior fish remains preliminary. In this study, we investigated the dispersal of a coastal fish species (small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis) in its juvenile life stage using otolith elemental fingerprints. We aimed to investigate the dispersal patterns of juveniles with otolith chemistry and identify potential natal sources. Results indicated that (1) significant geographical variations in the otolith elemental signatures can be considered as natural markers for assessing fish dispersal; (2) although small yellow croakers in the juvenile life stage are capable of settlement, a significant proportion of individuals continue subsequent passive dispersal; (3) juveniles may have originated from 2 natal sources in the sampling areas based on the differences in the near-core chemistry fingerprints. Results demonstrate the applicability of otolith chemistry fingerprints as natural tags in coastal waters and suggest that juveniles with the ability to settle will still employ dispersal strategies. This study contributes to research on fish dispersal in the early life stage and has significant implications for the marine fishery management of small yellow croaker.
{"title":"Unraveling dispersal of a coastal fish species in the juvenile life stage in the Yellow Sea using otolith chemistry","authors":"Yi Zhang, Min Xu, Zunlei Liu, Yan Jin, Shengfa Li","doi":"10.3354/meps14637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14637","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Dispersal is a critical process in marine ecology, with profound implications for population conservation and fisheries management. Previous research has predominantly focused on reef-associated species, but studying the dispersal of more mobile fish species in nearshore environments is exceptionally challenging due to the complex coastal hydrography similar to reefs, and therefore dispersal knowledge of some coastal migratory behavior fish remains preliminary. In this study, we investigated the dispersal of a coastal fish species (small yellow croaker <i>Larimichthys polyactis</i>) in its juvenile life stage using otolith elemental fingerprints. We aimed to investigate the dispersal patterns of juveniles with otolith chemistry and identify potential natal sources. Results indicated that (1) significant geographical variations in the otolith elemental signatures can be considered as natural markers for assessing fish dispersal; (2) although small yellow croakers in the juvenile life stage are capable of settlement, a significant proportion of individuals continue subsequent passive dispersal; (3) juveniles may have originated from 2 natal sources in the sampling areas based on the differences in the near-core chemistry fingerprints. Results demonstrate the applicability of otolith chemistry fingerprints as natural tags in coastal waters and suggest that juveniles with the ability to settle will still employ dispersal strategies. This study contributes to research on fish dispersal in the early life stage and has significant implications for the marine fishery management of small yellow croaker.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Fouqueau, L. Reynes, F. Tempera, T. Bajjouk, A. Blanfuné, C. Chevalier, M. Laurans, S. Mauger, M. Sourisseau, J. Assis, L. Lévêque, M. Valero
ABSTRACT: Understanding connectivity patterns exhibited by endangered species living in fragmented habitats is fundamental to improving management and conservation actions. Such improvements can be particularly pressing at the trailing edges of these habitats, where populations are facing the greatest challenges from climate change, and appear even more crucial if the species is commercially harvested. Seascape genetics have been increasingly used to meet these needs. In this study, we examined connectivity patterns among 32 populations of the oarweed kelp Laminaria digitata located at the species’ southern range limit. The distance (or sampling gap) between neighboring populations ranged from a few km to a few 100s of km. By genotyping 11 microsatellite markers, we aimed to (1) refine analyses of population structure; (2) test whether on-shelf islands are genetically more differentiated than mainland populations; (3) evaluate the relative importance of various abiotic conditions in shaping the genetic structure; and (4) evaluate if the relative importance of each environmental factor varied according to sampling schemes. Our analyses revealed a positive relationship between connectivity links and genetic diversity: populations with high levels of connectivity were genetically enriched while isolated populations showed signs of genetic erosion. The genetically impoverished populations corresponded to the southernmost populations as well as populations along the northern coast of Brittany (Locquirec, Saint-Malo Bay) and the northernmost population in Pas-de-Calais. By performing distance-based redundancy analysis on various sampling schemes, geographic distance appeared as the dominant factor influencing connectivity between populations separated by great distances, while hydrodynamic processes were the main factor when analyzing at a final spatial resolution.
{"title":"Seascape genetic study on Laminaria digitata underscores the critical role of sampling schemes","authors":"L. Fouqueau, L. Reynes, F. Tempera, T. Bajjouk, A. Blanfuné, C. Chevalier, M. Laurans, S. Mauger, M. Sourisseau, J. Assis, L. Lévêque, M. Valero","doi":"10.3354/meps14640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14640","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Understanding connectivity patterns exhibited by endangered species living in fragmented habitats is fundamental to improving management and conservation actions. Such improvements can be particularly pressing at the trailing edges of these habitats, where populations are facing the greatest challenges from climate change, and appear even more crucial if the species is commercially harvested. Seascape genetics have been increasingly used to meet these needs. In this study, we examined connectivity patterns among 32 populations of the oarweed kelp <i>Lam</i><i>inaria digitata</i> located at the species’ southern range limit. The distance (or sampling gap) between neighboring populations ranged from a few km to a few 100s of km. By genotyping 11 microsatellite markers, we aimed to (1) refine analyses of population structure; (2) test whether on-shelf islands are genetically more differentiated than mainland populations; (3) evaluate the relative importance of various abiotic conditions in shaping the genetic structure; and (4) evaluate if the relative importance of each environmental factor varied according to sampling schemes. Our analyses revealed a positive relationship between connectivity links and genetic diversity: populations with high levels of connectivity were genetically enriched while isolated populations showed signs of genetic erosion. The genetically impoverished populations corresponded to the southernmost populations as well as populations along the northern coast of Brittany (Locquirec, Saint-Malo Bay) and the northernmost population in Pas-de-Calais. By performing distance-based redundancy analysis on various sampling schemes, geographic distance appeared as the dominant factor influencing connectivity between populations separated by great distances, while hydrodynamic processes were the main factor when analyzing at a final spatial resolution.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141786028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Silva Nascimento, M. Nogueira Júnior, C. Satie Hara, M. Almeida Noernberg
ABSTRACT: It is not new that species occurrence records provided by citizens are valuable contributions to marine research. However, passive citizen science is a recent and promising methodology of crowdsourcing. Here, we review existing studies that used spontaneous posts shared by users on social media to obtain marine wildlife scientific data. We also present a critical analysis of passive citizen science using social media. Specifically, we (1) introduce marine citizen science and (2) analyze the advantages of passive citizen science compared with voluntary approaches. We also (3) present investigations that extracted information and produced knowledge for marine ecology and conservation through passive citizen science, (4) discuss best practices and opportunities, and (5) identify challenges of this approach. Although social media data may have inherent biases and diverse ethical issues, the data volume is generally large, and the benefits of obtaining observations at a low cost and in real time compensate for some shortcomings, which can sometimes be mitigated. Considering that the use of passive citizen science will continue to grow and be part of our daily lives, we expect the current review to be useful for future investigations.
{"title":"Passive citizen science: social media as a tool for marine wildlife observation","authors":"L. Silva Nascimento, M. Nogueira Júnior, C. Satie Hara, M. Almeida Noernberg","doi":"10.3354/meps14629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14629","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: It is not new that species occurrence records provided by citizens are valuable contributions to marine research. However, passive citizen science is a recent and promising methodology of crowdsourcing. Here, we review existing studies that used spontaneous posts shared by users on social media to obtain marine wildlife scientific data. We also present a critical analysis of passive citizen science using social media. Specifically, we (1) introduce marine citizen science and (2) analyze the advantages of passive citizen science compared with voluntary approaches. We also (3) present investigations that extracted information and produced knowledge for marine ecology and conservation through passive citizen science, (4) discuss best practices and opportunities, and (5) identify challenges of this approach. Although social media data may have inherent biases and diverse ethical issues, the data volume is generally large, and the benefits of obtaining observations at a low cost and in real time compensate for some shortcomings, which can sometimes be mitigated. Considering that the use of passive citizen science will continue to grow and be part of our daily lives, we expect the current review to be useful for future investigations.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camille Lavoie, Kimberly L. Howland, Karen Filbee-Dexter, Philippe Massicotte, Jésica Goldsmit, Christopher W. McKindsey, Philippe Archambault
ABSTRACT: Kelp forests are dominant habitats along Canadian Arctic coastlines. While their extent and productivity are expected to change dramatically due to global warming, their role in supporting Arctic coastal biodiversity remains poorly explored. Leveraging an extensive data set encompassing core samples, video transects, and environmental data, this study explores the patterns and drivers of benthic diversity, particularly focusing on kelp cover, across 4 Eastern Canadian Arctic regions. We show that the widespread soft bottoms in many subtidal coastal Arctic areas are associated with high densities of the kelp Saccharina latissima, often growing in mixed stands with Laminaria solidungula and Alaria esculenta. These kelps enhance the diversity of invertebrate communities thriving in the sediment below, increasing densities in specific groups and promoting subsurface feeding activity. Interregional comparisons indicate that high turbidity conditions typically lead to low macroalgal cover and low invertebrate richness, whereas extensive sea ice cover can favor high macroalgal abundance and unique diverse communities. Conditions of intermediate open-water duration and high water clarity support tall kelp forests, hosting approximately 70% of local rare taxa. Based on these surveys, we provide a list of Arctic invertebrate taxa according to their level of selectivity for kelp forests as habitats. Despite variation among regions, kelp forests enhance biodiversity and drive unique benthic communities in the Canadian Arctic. Due to their ecological significance and potential vulnerability, we recommend efforts to integrate kelp forests into marine protected areas and minimize human-induced damaging activities within or near these habitats.
{"title":"Living under Arctic kelp forests: linking soft-bottom communities to kelp cover in the Canadian Arctic","authors":"Camille Lavoie, Kimberly L. Howland, Karen Filbee-Dexter, Philippe Massicotte, Jésica Goldsmit, Christopher W. McKindsey, Philippe Archambault","doi":"10.3354/meps14628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14628","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Kelp forests are dominant habitats along Canadian Arctic coastlines. While their extent and productivity are expected to change dramatically due to global warming, their role in supporting Arctic coastal biodiversity remains poorly explored. Leveraging an extensive data set encompassing core samples, video transects, and environmental data, this study explores the patterns and drivers of benthic diversity, particularly focusing on kelp cover, across 4 Eastern Canadian Arctic regions. We show that the widespread soft bottoms in many subtidal coastal Arctic areas are associated with high densities of the kelp <i>Saccharina latissima</i>, often growing in mixed stands with <i>Laminaria solidungula</i> and <i>Alaria esculenta</i>. These kelps enhance the diversity of invertebrate communities thriving in the sediment below, increasing densities in specific groups and promoting subsurface feeding activity. Interregional comparisons indicate that high turbidity conditions typically lead to low macroalgal cover and low invertebrate richness, whereas extensive sea ice cover can favor high macroalgal abundance and unique diverse communities. Conditions of intermediate open-water duration and high water clarity support tall kelp forests, hosting approximately 70% of local rare taxa. Based on these surveys, we provide a list of Arctic invertebrate taxa according to their level of selectivity for kelp forests as habitats. Despite variation among regions, kelp forests enhance biodiversity and drive unique benthic communities in the Canadian Arctic. Due to their ecological significance and potential vulnerability, we recommend efforts to integrate kelp forests into marine protected areas and minimize human-induced damaging activities within or near these habitats.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Understanding vertical distribution of planktonic larvae is essential for elucidating larval dispersal and recruitment processes. We investigated the vertical distribution and horizontal transport of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas larvae by field observations and numerical simulations during their main spawning season in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. In field observations, despite horizontal differences and slight diurnal/semi-diurnal changes depending on larval sizes, most larvae were distributed in the upper 3 m layer. The relationship between C. gigas larvae and environmental conditions revealed that larval density increased with increasing temperature and chlorophyll a concentration, and the density peaked at salinity of approximately 20 for all larval sizes. The observed results suggest that the distribution characteristics of C. gigas larvae are suitable for survival in an estuarine area, where environmental conditions are potentially favorable but hydrodynamic conditions can drastically change over the short term due to variations in river discharge. To examine the effect of high river discharge on larval transport, numerical simulations were conducted using a particle-tracking model incorporating the vertical motion of C. gigas larvae. The simulation results reproduced the spatio-temporal dynamics of planktonic and settled larvae after the high river discharge. Although most particles simulating larvae outflowed from the main spawning area, an area of high particle density at the end of simulation corresponded with the offshore area for seedling collection. The present study suggests the role of vertical distribution of C. gigas larvae for recruitment, and the prospect of sustainability in oyster aquaculture with respect to seedling collection despite the frequent heavy rainfall associated with climate change.
摘要：了解浮游幼体的垂直分布对于阐明幼体扩散和招募过程至关重要。我们通过实地观测和数值模拟，研究了太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）幼体在日本广岛湾主要产卵季节的垂直分布和水平迁移情况。在实地观测中，尽管存在水平差异，而且根据幼体大小会有轻微的昼夜变化，但大多数幼体都分布在上层 3 米处。大菱鲆幼虫与环境条件的关系表明，幼虫密度随温度和叶绿素 a 浓度的增加而增加，所有规格幼虫的密度在盐度约为 20 时达到峰值。观察结果表明，千头鳕幼体的分布特征适合在河口地区生存，该地区的环境条件可能有利，但由于河流排水量的变化，水动力条件可能在短期内发生急剧变化。为了研究高河水流量对幼体迁移的影响，我们使用一个包含千足巨螯虾幼体垂直运动的颗粒跟踪模型进行了数值模拟。模拟结果再现了大排水量后浮游幼虫和定居幼虫的时空动态。虽然大多数模拟幼体的颗粒从主要产卵区流出，但模拟结束时的高颗粒密度区与苗种采集的近海区域相对应。本研究表明，尽管气候变化导致暴雨频发，但巨牡蛎幼体的垂直分布在繁殖中的作用，以及牡蛎养殖在苗种采集方面的可持续性前景。
{"title":"Vertical distribution of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas larvae and modeling larval transport in Hiroshima Bay, Japan","authors":"Goh Onitsuka, Katsuyuki Abo, Tadashi Matsubara, Ken-ichiro Mizuno, Shun-ichiro Ikeda, Takafumi Sato, Tomoyuki Shikata, Toshimitsu Onduka, Masami Hamaguchi","doi":"10.3354/meps14636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14636","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Understanding vertical distribution of planktonic larvae is essential for elucidating larval dispersal and recruitment processes. We investigated the vertical distribution and horizontal transport of Pacific oyster <i>Crassostrea gigas</i> larvae by field observations and numerical simulations during their main spawning season in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. In field observations, despite horizontal differences and slight diurnal/semi-diurnal changes depending on larval sizes, most larvae were distributed in the upper 3 m layer. The relationship between <i>C. gigas</i> larvae and environmental conditions revealed that larval density increased with increasing temperature and chlorophyll <i>a</i> concentration, and the density peaked at salinity of approximately 20 for all larval sizes. The observed results suggest that the distribution characteristics of <i>C. gigas</i> larvae are suitable for survival in an estuarine area, where environmental conditions are potentially favorable but hydrodynamic conditions can drastically change over the short term due to variations in river discharge. To examine the effect of high river discharge on larval transport, numerical simulations were conducted using a particle-tracking model incorporating the vertical motion of <i>C. gigas</i> larvae. The simulation results reproduced the spatio-temporal dynamics of planktonic and settled larvae after the high river discharge. Although most particles simulating larvae outflowed from the main spawning area, an area of high particle density at the end of simulation corresponded with the offshore area for seedling collection. The present study suggests the role of vertical distribution of <i>C. gigas</i> larvae for recruitment, and the prospect of sustainability in oyster aquaculture with respect to seedling collection despite the frequent heavy rainfall associated with climate change.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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