ABSTRACT: Despite the ecological and social importance of reef fishes, data on their populations, habitat use, and other drivers are often scarce, which creates challenges for effective management. These challenges are particularly acute for rare or at-risk species such as Acanthurus achilles, a reef fish with a documented population decline in recent years in Hawai‘i, USA. We used a data set of in situ fish surveys from across the main Hawaiian Islands combined from multiple survey programs to quantify A. achilles presence and absence and applied generalized linear mixed-effects models to examine the relationships between presence of (1) all individuals, (2) juveniles, and (3) adults with 27 spatially continuous environmental and anthropogenic drivers to understand the main drivers of presence. Using the modeled relationships between presence and all drivers, we predicted the probability of A. achilles presence at a 100 m scale within the 30 m depth contour of the main Hawaiian Islands. Environmental drivers, especially habitat drivers such as depth and rugosity, emerged as significant drivers of A. achilles presence, while anthropogenic drivers like land-based pollution and fishing had fewer significant relationships with A. achilles presence. The predicted probability of presence varied both between islands as well as within islands, with the highest probability of presence around Kaho‘olawe and Hawai‘i and the lowest around O‘ahu. Our modeling approach and high-resolution spatial predictions provide empirical evidence of the importance of environmental drivers in explaining A. achilles presence and identify preferred habitat at relevant scales for fisheries management.
{"title":"Anthropogenic and environmental drivers of Acanthurus achilles presence in Hawai‘i","authors":"Rachel B. Layko, Mary K. Donovan","doi":"10.3354/meps14643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14643","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Despite the ecological and social importance of reef fishes, data on their populations, habitat use, and other drivers are often scarce, which creates challenges for effective management. These challenges are particularly acute for rare or at-risk species such as <i>Acanthurus achilles</i>, a reef fish with a documented population decline in recent years in Hawai‘i, USA. We used a data set of <i>in situ</i> fish surveys from across the main Hawaiian Islands combined from multiple survey programs to quantify <i>A. achilles</i> presence and absence and applied generalized linear mixed-effects models to examine the relationships between presence of (1) all individuals, (2) juveniles, and (3) adults with 27 spatially continuous environmental and anthropogenic drivers to understand the main drivers of presence. Using the modeled relationships between presence and all drivers, we predicted the probability of <i>A. achilles</i> presence at a 100 m scale within the 30 m depth contour of the main Hawaiian Islands. Environmental drivers, especially habitat drivers such as depth and rugosity, emerged as significant drivers of <i>A. achilles</i> presence, while anthropogenic drivers like land-based pollution and fishing had fewer significant relationships with <i>A. achilles</i> presence. The predicted probability of presence varied both between islands as well as within islands, with the highest probability of presence around Kaho‘olawe and Hawai‘i and the lowest around O‘ahu. Our modeling approach and high-resolution spatial predictions provide empirical evidence of the importance of environmental drivers in explaining <i>A. achilles</i> presence and identify preferred habitat at relevant scales for fisheries management.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Selbach, Eric de Framond-Benard, Kim N. Mouritsen
ABSTRACT: Parasites play many regulating roles that are increasingly recognized in different ecosystems. In coastal ecosystems, the trematode Himasthla elongata infects blue mussel Mytilus edulis, a foundation species that shapes the functioning of intertidal communities. Although the largest impacts of infections occur during the summer months, the parasites form long-lived cysts that can be harmful to their host mussels under winter conditions. Here, we experimentally show that even moderate levels of infection by H. elongata have a detrimental effect on the survival and growth rate of wintering blue mussels. These parasite-induced costs during winter may potentially affect populations of blue mussels in coastal habitats, with ramifications for the whole ecosystem.
{"title":"Under the cover of ice: Trematode infections affect survival and growth of wintering mussels","authors":"Christian Selbach, Eric de Framond-Benard, Kim N. Mouritsen","doi":"10.3354/meps14638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14638","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Parasites play many regulating roles that are increasingly recognized in different ecosystems. In coastal ecosystems, the trematode <i>Himasthla elongata</i> infects blue mussel <i>Mytilus edulis</i>, a foundation species that shapes the functioning of intertidal communities. Although the largest impacts of infections occur during the summer months, the parasites form long-lived cysts that can be harmful to their host mussels under winter conditions. Here, we experimentally show that even moderate levels of infection by <i>H. elongata</i> have a detrimental effect on the survival and growth rate of wintering blue mussels. These parasite-induced costs during winter may potentially affect populations of blue mussels in coastal habitats, with ramifications for the whole ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141786138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Although artificial reef (AR) effect evaluation is useful for planning the installation of high-rise ARs and their management, few studies have investigated them quantitatively. The fine-scale 2-dimensional fish distribution in ARs was estimated regarding current fields and vertical structures of 2 high-rise ARs (20 and 30 m high at 62 and 72 m depths, respectively) in Tateyama Bay, central Japan, using underwater drone recordings with vertical line transects and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. The species detected by video surveys (21 taxa were identified to species, and 1 to genus) were fewer than by eDNA analysis (103 species and 6 genera), especially for pelagic, small-sized, and cryptic fish. Video surveys revealed that demersal fish increased with decreasing horizontal distance from the AR surface within 20 m, and the richness and total fish density were significantly higher upstream of the ARs. Conversely, the fish eDNA concentration showed different patterns, with significantly higher concentrations downstream of the ARs. The richness peaked at horizontal AR surfaces (e.g. reef top), but density of the dominant species peaked near the bottom by video survey. In comparison, eDNA analysis indicated lower richness and higher eDNA concentration of the dominant species at the reef top. Such discrepancies may be explained by the influence of eDNA transport or its specific behavior or buoyancy. Video surveys revealed the growth stage and sex information of 4 species from their morphology, which is not possible using eDNA analysis. This study shows that the advantages of each evaluation method can complement each other.
{"title":"Fine-scale spatial distribution of a fish community in artificial reefs investigated using an underwater drone and environmental DNA analysis","authors":"Yuko Miyajima-Taga, Masaaki Sato, Kuniaki Oi, Naoki Furuichi, Nariaki Inoue","doi":"10.3354/meps14631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14631","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Although artificial reef (AR) effect evaluation is useful for planning the installation of high-rise ARs and their management, few studies have investigated them quantitatively. The fine-scale 2-dimensional fish distribution in ARs was estimated regarding current fields and vertical structures of 2 high-rise ARs (20 and 30 m high at 62 and 72 m depths, respectively) in Tateyama Bay, central Japan, using underwater drone recordings with vertical line transects and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. The species detected by video surveys (21 taxa were identified to species, and 1 to genus) were fewer than by eDNA analysis (103 species and 6 genera), especially for pelagic, small-sized, and cryptic fish. Video surveys revealed that demersal fish increased with decreasing horizontal distance from the AR surface within 20 m, and the richness and total fish density were significantly higher upstream of the ARs. Conversely, the fish eDNA concentration showed different patterns, with significantly higher concentrations downstream of the ARs. The richness peaked at horizontal AR surfaces (e.g. reef top), but density of the dominant species peaked near the bottom by video survey. In comparison, eDNA analysis indicated lower richness and higher eDNA concentration of the dominant species at the reef top. Such discrepancies may be explained by the influence of eDNA transport or its specific behavior or buoyancy. Video surveys revealed the growth stage and sex information of 4 species from their morphology, which is not possible using eDNA analysis. This study shows that the advantages of each evaluation method can complement each other.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krista D. Baker, Darrell R. J. Mullowney, Samantha Fulton
ABSTRACT: Northern shrimp Pandalus borealis occur throughout Canada’s Atlantic Ocean, where they are thought to form a single population spanning from Baffin Bay to the tail of the Grand Bank. Here, they play an important role in the ecosystem as prey for many taxa and have been targeted by a lucrative large-scale fishery since the 1970s. Yet, we still understand little about which (and how) ecosystem and environmental factors influence their distribution and abundance. We used survey data collected over 29 yr throughout 23 degrees of latitude to develop a spatiotemporal model predicting northern shrimp density. We confirmed that both top-down drivers (e.g. predation pressure), as well as bottom-up drivers (e.g. bottom temperature) play important roles in determining both the presence and abundance of northern shrimp. The model was used to predict the density of northern shrimp throughout the entire study area from 2005 to 2022. Our results highlight the importance of understanding ecosystem and environmental dynamics in relation to northern shrimp population patterns and trends within resource assessments.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal modelling of northern shrimp Pandalus borealis distribution patterns throughout Canada’s subarctic and arctic regions","authors":"Krista D. Baker, Darrell R. J. Mullowney, Samantha Fulton","doi":"10.3354/meps14651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14651","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Northern shrimp <i>Pandalus borealis</i> occur throughout Canada’s Atlantic Ocean, where they are thought to form a single population spanning from Baffin Bay to the tail of the Grand Bank. Here, they play an important role in the ecosystem as prey for many taxa and have been targeted by a lucrative large-scale fishery since the 1970s. Yet, we still understand little about which (and how) ecosystem and environmental factors influence their distribution and abundance. We used survey data collected over 29 yr throughout 23 degrees of latitude to develop a spatiotemporal model predicting northern shrimp density. We confirmed that both top-down drivers (e.g. predation pressure), as well as bottom-up drivers (e.g. bottom temperature) play important roles in determining both the presence and abundance of northern shrimp. The model was used to predict the density of northern shrimp throughout the entire study area from 2005 to 2022. Our results highlight the importance of understanding ecosystem and environmental dynamics in relation to northern shrimp population patterns and trends within resource assessments.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah S. Rempel, Kelly N. Bodwin, Deron E. Burkepile, Thomas C. Adam, Andrew H. Altieri, Emma M. Barton, Roxanne-Liana Francisca, Maurice C. Goodman, Rachael J. Lamore, Marilla Lippert, Marietta Marroquín, Tara C. ORourke, Peter D. VanderBloomer, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg
ABSTRACT: Parrotfishes (Labridae: Scarini) are widely recognized for their important functional role in reducing coral-algae competition by grazing algae, yet some species are also coral predators (corallivores) and thereby have direct negative impacts on corals they prey upon. To better understand the ecological drivers of parrotfish corallivory intensity, we compared patterns of relative predation scar size and abundance across spatial scales from individual coral colonies (<1 to several meters in size), to reefs within islands (1 to 10s of km), to 4 regions across the Greater Caribbean (100s to 1000s of km) including Panamá, Florida, St. Croix, and Bonaire. Across reef sites, there was a positive correlation of both parrotfish density and biomass with the relative coral area preyed upon, but not predation scar abundance. While there was no apparent site-level effect of coral cover on corallivory intensity, we found that the abundance of colonies preyed upon was positively correlated with both coral diversity and the proportional cover of frequently targeted coral taxa within localized 30 m2 reef areas. At the scale of individual coral colonies, we found that while numerous coral taxa were preyed upon, corallivory was concentrated on a few species across regions, such as Orbicella spp., Porites spp., and Stephanocoenia intersepta. Our findings suggest that while increased parrotfish densities may result in an increased coral area preyed upon across reefs, corallivory intensity within reefs may decrease in response to declines in the cover of frequently targeted coral taxa and overall coral diversity.
Spanish and Papiamentu versions of the abstract are provided in the Supplement at www.int-res.com/articles/suppl/m740p145_supp.pdf
{"title":"Ecological drivers of parrotfish coral predation vary across spatial scales","authors":"Hannah S. Rempel, Kelly N. Bodwin, Deron E. Burkepile, Thomas C. Adam, Andrew H. Altieri, Emma M. Barton, Roxanne-Liana Francisca, Maurice C. Goodman, Rachael J. Lamore, Marilla Lippert, Marietta Marroquín, Tara C. ORourke, Peter D. VanderBloomer, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg","doi":"10.3354/meps14633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14633","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Parrotfishes (Labridae: Scarini) are widely recognized for their important functional role in reducing coral-algae competition by grazing algae, yet some species are also coral predators (corallivores) and thereby have direct negative impacts on corals they prey upon. To better understand the ecological drivers of parrotfish corallivory intensity, we compared patterns of relative predation scar size and abundance across spatial scales from individual coral colonies (<1 to several meters in size), to reefs within islands (1 to 10s of km), to 4 regions across the Greater Caribbean (100s to 1000s of km) including Panamá, Florida, St. Croix, and Bonaire. Across reef sites, there was a positive correlation of both parrotfish density and biomass with the relative coral area preyed upon, but not predation scar abundance. While there was no apparent site-level effect of coral cover on corallivory intensity, we found that the abundance of colonies preyed upon was positively correlated with both coral diversity and the proportional cover of frequently targeted coral taxa within localized 30 m<sup>2</sup> reef areas. At the scale of individual coral colonies, we found that while numerous coral taxa were preyed upon, corallivory was concentrated on a few species across regions, such as <i>Orbicella</i> spp., <i>Porites</i> spp., and <i>Stephanocoenia intersepta</i>. Our findings suggest that while increased parrotfish densities may result in an increased coral area preyed upon across reefs, corallivory intensity within reefs may decrease in response to declines in the cover of frequently targeted coral taxa and overall coral diversity.<br/>\u0000<br/>Spanish and Papiamentu versions of the abstract are provided in the Supplement at www.int-res.com/articles/suppl/m740p145_supp.pdf","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John R. Harley, Matthew H. Grinnell, Kyle Hebert, Jaclyn Cleary, Matthew Thompson, Christopher N. Rooper
ABSTRACT: Pacific herring Clupea pallasii are a critical commercial and subsistence fish species and play a keystone role in the ecology and culture of the North Pacific. The annual herring spawn, in which mature herring migrate nearshore to deposit eggs along the coastline, is an important event linked to the migration of seabirds and marine mammals as well as a subsistence harvest for Alaska Natives and First Nations in British Columbia. Previous work has suggested that environmental variables and broad teleconnection indices play a role in the magnitude and phenology of spawning; however, the effects of these drivers have not been examined in the context of future climate scenarios. Here, we modeled variability in the timing of herring spawn across British Columbia and Southeast Alaska using survey data from 1951-2022. We created a model using Pacific teleconnection indices, sea surface temperature (SST), tidal height, and lagged data to predict spawn date anomalies (SDAs) across 9 spawning regions. SDAs were significantly affected by the Oceanic Niño Index, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, SST, and lagged SDAs. We then used this model to predict SDAs using projected SST from climate models and bootstrapped teleconnection data from 2025-2100. Future herring spawn timing trends earlier on average with warming SSTs, although the magnitude is relatively small, occurring 9 d earlier on average by 2100. This changing phenology, though small, varied by region and may have ecosystem-level ramifications and create timing mismatch for migratory species. However, our findings also reinforce the importance of other physical factors not measured in this study, such as photoperiod, which drive herring spawn timing.
{"title":"Forecasted changes to the timing of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii spawn in a warming ocean","authors":"John R. Harley, Matthew H. Grinnell, Kyle Hebert, Jaclyn Cleary, Matthew Thompson, Christopher N. Rooper","doi":"10.3354/meps14630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14630","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Pacific herring <i>Clupea pallasii</i> are a critical commercial and subsistence fish species and play a keystone role in the ecology and culture of the North Pacific. The annual herring spawn, in which mature herring migrate nearshore to deposit eggs along the coastline, is an important event linked to the migration of seabirds and marine mammals as well as a subsistence harvest for Alaska Natives and First Nations in British Columbia. Previous work has suggested that environmental variables and broad teleconnection indices play a role in the magnitude and phenology of spawning; however, the effects of these drivers have not been examined in the context of future climate scenarios. Here, we modeled variability in the timing of herring spawn across British Columbia and Southeast Alaska using survey data from 1951-2022. We created a model using Pacific teleconnection indices, sea surface temperature (SST), tidal height, and lagged data to predict spawn date anomalies (SDAs) across 9 spawning regions. SDAs were significantly affected by the Oceanic Niño Index, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, SST, and lagged SDAs. We then used this model to predict SDAs using projected SST from climate models and bootstrapped teleconnection data from 2025-2100. Future herring spawn timing trends earlier on average with warming SSTs, although the magnitude is relatively small, occurring 9 d earlier on average by 2100. This changing phenology, though small, varied by region and may have ecosystem-level ramifications and create timing mismatch for migratory species. However, our findings also reinforce the importance of other physical factors not measured in this study, such as photoperiod, which drive herring spawn timing.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ian R. Cleasby, Ellie Owen, Peter I. Miller, Rebecca J. Jones, Linda J. Wilson, Mark Bolton
ABSTRACT: The distribution of marine predators is linked to bio-physical processes that structure the spatio-temporal availability of prey species. Within shelf seas, tidal fronts are highly productive regions occurring at the interface between mixed and stratified waters. Fronts are predictable but dynamic features, with their timing and strength varying seasonally and annually. The availability of frontal habitats will also vary between animal populations depending on geographic location. Thus, understanding the associations between marine predators and frontal habitats across a range of environmental conditions will assist marine management and conservation. Here, we assessed functional responses of breeding black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla to environmental covariates related to tidal fronts (front strength, distance to fronts, sea surface temperature [SST] and surface chlorophyll concentration) from 10 UK colonies located throughout the North Sea. Kittiwakes showed a tendency to forage in areas of higher, but not maximal, front strength when such areas were available. Areas closer to fronts (<10 km) were selected when available, though we also observed increased usage of areas distant from fronts (30-50 km). Kittiwakes tended to forage in cooler, mixed waters, particularly as average SST rose. When average chlorophyll concentrations were low, habitat usage peaked in areas of higher chlorophyll. The results highlight the importance of frontal habitats and the dynamic, non-linear nature of seabird responses to habitat. Accounting for dynamic changes in habitat availability will play a key role in future conservation efforts, particularly as marine renewable installations and climate change may influence water stratification patterns.
{"title":"Functional responses of a medium-ranging marine predator highlight the importance of frontal zones as foraging locations","authors":"Ian R. Cleasby, Ellie Owen, Peter I. Miller, Rebecca J. Jones, Linda J. Wilson, Mark Bolton","doi":"10.3354/meps14634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14634","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The distribution of marine predators is linked to bio-physical processes that structure the spatio-temporal availability of prey species. Within shelf seas, tidal fronts are highly productive regions occurring at the interface between mixed and stratified waters. Fronts are predictable but dynamic features, with their timing and strength varying seasonally and annually. The availability of frontal habitats will also vary between animal populations depending on geographic location. Thus, understanding the associations between marine predators and frontal habitats across a range of environmental conditions will assist marine management and conservation. Here, we assessed functional responses of breeding black-legged kittiwakes <i>Rissa tridactyla</i> to environmental covariates related to tidal fronts (front strength, distance to fronts, sea surface temperature [SST] and surface chlorophyll concentration) from 10 UK colonies located throughout the North Sea. Kittiwakes showed a tendency to forage in areas of higher, but not maximal, front strength when such areas were available. Areas closer to fronts (<10 km) were selected when available, though we also observed increased usage of areas distant from fronts (30-50 km). Kittiwakes tended to forage in cooler, mixed waters, particularly as average SST rose. When average chlorophyll concentrations were low, habitat usage peaked in areas of higher chlorophyll. The results highlight the importance of frontal habitats and the dynamic, non-linear nature of seabird responses to habitat. Accounting for dynamic changes in habitat availability will play a key role in future conservation efforts, particularly as marine renewable installations and climate change may influence water stratification patterns.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Dynamic fisheries management requires continual evaluation of management strategies. Despite the implementation of various spatiotemporal harvest and gear restrictions over the past 2 decades, the Chesapeake Bay blue crab Callinectes sapidus population has not responded consistently. To determine whether environmental factors may be impacting the efficacy of a seasonal blue crab sanctuary, a generalized additive modeling approach was applied to long-term (2002-2018) bottom trawl survey data to develop an ecological niche model (ENM) for mature female blue crabs in the mainstem of the Bay throughout the primary spawning season (May-September). Salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, depth, and sediment type were significant predictors of crab relative abundance. The ENM was then coupled with hindcast estimates of environmental covariates from a high-resolution hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model to develop habitat suitability indices (HSIs). This habitat-based approach was compared with a model-based index of abundance and a species distribution model (SDM). HSI and the model-based index were generally similar, exhibiting no clear trends through time, though variability was lower in the HSI. Clear seasonal patterns in spatial distribution were evident, with highest relative abundances occurring in the lower bay in July and September, corresponding to the movement of females towards higher-salinity waters to spawn. The sanctuary protected 46-59% of the good mainstem habitat each year and generally overperformed in years when bay-wide HSI was low. These results contribute to our knowledge of mature female blue crab ecology during migration and spawning and provide further support for the importance of the sanctuary for mature female blue crabs.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Chesapeake Bay blue crab sanctuary through habitat suitability","authors":"Gina M. Ralph, James Gartland, Robert J. Latour","doi":"10.3354/meps14621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14621","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Dynamic fisheries management requires continual evaluation of management strategies. Despite the implementation of various spatiotemporal harvest and gear restrictions over the past 2 decades, the Chesapeake Bay blue crab <i>Callinectes sapidus</i> population has not responded consistently. To determine whether environmental factors may be impacting the efficacy of a seasonal blue crab sanctuary, a generalized additive modeling approach was applied to long-term (2002-2018) bottom trawl survey data to develop an ecological niche model (ENM) for mature female blue crabs in the mainstem of the Bay throughout the primary spawning season (May-September). Salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, depth, and sediment type were significant predictors of crab relative abundance. The ENM was then coupled with hindcast estimates of environmental covariates from a high-resolution hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model to develop habitat suitability indices (HSIs). This habitat-based approach was compared with a model-based index of abundance and a species distribution model (SDM). HSI and the model-based index were generally similar, exhibiting no clear trends through time, though variability was lower in the HSI. Clear seasonal patterns in spatial distribution were evident, with highest relative abundances occurring in the lower bay in July and September, corresponding to the movement of females towards higher-salinity waters to spawn. The sanctuary protected 46-59% of the good mainstem habitat each year and generally overperformed in years when bay-wide HSI was low. These results contribute to our knowledge of mature female blue crab ecology during migration and spawning and provide further support for the importance of the sanctuary for mature female blue crabs.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Niche differentiation is a means by which species can coexist and avoid competition. In marine food webs, large demersal fish often couple different trophic pathways and can be targets of valuable fisheries. This is the case for long tail hake Macruronus magellanicus, Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides, southern blue whiting Micromesistius australis, and southern hake Merluccius australis, which coexist in the southernmost region of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. In this study, C and N stable isotope and stomach content analyses were used to evaluate possible niche partitioning among these 4 species. Long tail hake and southern blue whiting mainly eat crustaceans, with great overlap in their diet spectra, but they differentiate in their spatial distribution. Southern hake and Patagonian toothfish mainly feed on fish, including the other 2 species, and exploit prey from a broad spatial area. These results suggest a spatial compartmentation of the food web at lower trophic levels, with demersal fish at the higher levels linking distant compartments. Therefore, results of this study show similarities and differences among these 4 demersal fish species, in the trophic and spatial dimensions of their niches, suggesting niche differentiation and probably different roles in the food web.
摘要：利基分化是物种共存和避免竞争的一种手段。在海洋食物网中，大型底层鱼类往往是不同营养途径的结合体，并可能成为有价值的渔业目标。在大西洋西南部最南端地区共存的长尾无须鳕（Macruronus magellanicus）、巴塔哥尼亚齿鱼（Dissostichus eleginoides）、南方蓝鳕鱼（Micromesistius australis）和南方无须鳕（Merluccius australis）就是这种情况。本研究采用 C 和 N 稳定同位素及胃含量分析来评估这 4 个物种之间可能存在的生态位分区。长尾无须鳕和南方蓝鳕主要以甲壳类为食，它们的食谱有很大的重叠，但在空间分布上有所区别。南方无须鳕和巴塔哥尼亚齿鱼主要以鱼类为食，包括其他两种鱼类，并从广阔的空间区域捕食猎物。这些结果表明，食物网在较低营养级存在空间分区，较高级的底栖鱼类将遥远的分区连接起来。因此，这项研究结果表明，这 4 种底栖鱼类在其生态位的营养和空间维度上既有相似之处，也有不同之处，这表明它们的生态位存在差异，在食物网中可能扮演着不同的角色。
{"title":"Niche partitioning among demersal marine fishes at the southern tip of South America","authors":"C. D. Alvarez, A. R. Giussi, F. Botto","doi":"10.3354/meps14613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14613","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Niche differentiation is a means by which species can coexist and avoid competition. In marine food webs, large demersal fish often couple different trophic pathways and can be targets of valuable fisheries. This is the case for long tail hake <i>Macruronus magellanicus</i>, Patagonian toothfish <i>Dissostichus eleginoides</i>, southern blue whiting <i>Micromesistius australis</i>, and southern hake <i>Merluccius australis</i>, which coexist in the southernmost region of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. In this study, C and N stable isotope and stomach content analyses were used to evaluate possible niche partitioning among these 4 species. Long tail hake and southern blue whiting mainly eat crustaceans, with great overlap in their diet spectra, but they differentiate in their spatial distribution. Southern hake and Patagonian toothfish mainly feed on fish, including the other 2 species, and exploit prey from a broad spatial area. These results suggest a spatial compartmentation of the food web at lower trophic levels, with demersal fish at the higher levels linking distant compartments. Therefore, results of this study show similarities and differences among these 4 demersal fish species, in the trophic and spatial dimensions of their niches, suggesting niche differentiation and probably different roles in the food web.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew L. Bickell, Em G. Lim, Paige Amos, Quinn Anderson, Danja Currie-Olsen, Siobhan R. Gray, Avril Hann, Jeremy Lambe, Carolyn McKinnon, Sierra E. Sproule, Isabelle M. Côté
ABSTRACT: Pentameric symmetry characterizes echinoderms and is most readily observed in sea stars. However, some pentamerous sea star individuals deviate from the normal 5-arm pattern, most likely as a result of errors in regeneration, but the frequency of these deviations and their ecological consequences for the individuals are poorly understood. Here, we report the extent of deviations from pentamery in multiple populations of co-occurring sea star species and tested 3 potential advantages of supernumerary arms—increased oral surface area, increased feeding, and faster righting response—in 1 species, the bat star Patiria miniata. Using underwater surveys and behavioural experiments at 16 sites in Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada, we found individuals with atypical arm numbers in 5 of 9 pentamerous sea star species. There were significant differences among sites and species, with site-specific mean percentages of atypical sea stars ranging from 0.8 to 14.6% and species-specific mean percentages ranging from 0 to 10%. Bat stars had the highest proportion of individuals with atypical numbers of arms, with site-specific frequencies ranging from 0 to 25%. The probability of feeding and righting speed were similar between bat stars with and without supernumerary arms, but bat stars with supernumerary arms had slightly larger oral surface areas for a given arm length, which could confer an advantage in adherence to the substrate. Although the advantages of supernumerary arms for bat stars appear to be negligible, the lack of any clear disadvantage suggests that selection against atypical variants might be weak, leading to limited selection on the accuracy of regeneration in this species.
{"title":"Ecological consequences of supernumerary arms in eastern Pacific sea stars","authors":"Andrew L. Bickell, Em G. Lim, Paige Amos, Quinn Anderson, Danja Currie-Olsen, Siobhan R. Gray, Avril Hann, Jeremy Lambe, Carolyn McKinnon, Sierra E. Sproule, Isabelle M. Côté","doi":"10.3354/meps14610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14610","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Pentameric symmetry characterizes echinoderms and is most readily observed in sea stars. However, some pentamerous sea star individuals deviate from the normal 5-arm pattern, most likely as a result of errors in regeneration, but the frequency of these deviations and their ecological consequences for the individuals are poorly understood. Here, we report the extent of deviations from pentamery in multiple populations of co-occurring sea star species and tested 3 potential advantages of supernumerary arms—increased oral surface area, increased feeding, and faster righting response—in 1 species, the bat star <i>Patiria miniata</i>. Using underwater surveys and behavioural experiments at 16 sites in Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada, we found individuals with atypical arm numbers in 5 of 9 pentamerous sea star species. There were significant differences among sites and species, with site-specific mean percentages of atypical sea stars ranging from 0.8 to 14.6% and species-specific mean percentages ranging from 0 to 10%. Bat stars had the highest proportion of individuals with atypical numbers of arms, with site-specific frequencies ranging from 0 to 25%. The probability of feeding and righting speed were similar between bat stars with and without supernumerary arms, but bat stars with supernumerary arms had slightly larger oral surface areas for a given arm length, which could confer an advantage in adherence to the substrate. Although the advantages of supernumerary arms for bat stars appear to be negligible, the lack of any clear disadvantage suggests that selection against atypical variants might be weak, leading to limited selection on the accuracy of regeneration in this species.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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