M. Briggs, J. Alfaro-Shigueto, J. C. Mangel, Nicolas Acuña-Perales, Sergio Pingo, Astrid Jimenez, A. F. Johnson
ABSTRACT: The post-capture movements made by hawksbill sea turtles Eretmochelys imbricata in the southeast Pacific Ocean were monitored between 2014 and 2017. A total of 8 hawksbill turtles were fitted with satellite transmitters and released in Sechura Bay, northern Peru. All turtles were classified as juveniles (curved carapace length range: 34.7-47.5 cm) and were captured in a small-scale demersal set net fishery in Sechura Bay. Track durations ranged from 9 to 489 d. Six of the 8 turtles remained within the bay for the duration of their tracking, suggesting its importance as a long-term juvenile foraging site. Two turtles departed the bay and travelled over 1000 km, passing the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. The satellite tracks of those turtles that remained within the bay showed a significant overlap with areas used by the demersal set net fishery operating there (mean overlap: 33%). The long residence times and high affinity for coastal areas observed in these tagged individuals make the turtles susceptible to multiple threats within the bay, including interactions with intensive small-scale fishing from the ports of Parachique, Puerto Rico, and Bayovar, as well as pollution and contamination from the communities that encompass the bay. More comprehensive measures are needed to quantify and characterize the threats faced by this endangered species in this unique habitat and to recommend practical conservation actions.
{"title":"Juvenile hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata movement patterns in Sechura Bay, Peru, assessed with satellite tracking","authors":"M. Briggs, J. Alfaro-Shigueto, J. C. Mangel, Nicolas Acuña-Perales, Sergio Pingo, Astrid Jimenez, A. F. Johnson","doi":"10.3354/meps14604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14604","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The post-capture movements made by hawksbill sea turtles <i>Eretmochelys imbricata</i> in the southeast Pacific Ocean were monitored between 2014 and 2017. A total of 8 hawksbill turtles were fitted with satellite transmitters and released in Sechura Bay, northern Peru. All turtles were classified as juveniles (curved carapace length range: 34.7-47.5 cm) and were captured in a small-scale demersal set net fishery in Sechura Bay. Track durations ranged from 9 to 489 d. Six of the 8 turtles remained within the bay for the duration of their tracking, suggesting its importance as a long-term juvenile foraging site. Two turtles departed the bay and travelled over 1000 km, passing the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. The satellite tracks of those turtles that remained within the bay showed a significant overlap with areas used by the demersal set net fishery operating there (mean overlap: 33%). The long residence times and high affinity for coastal areas observed in these tagged individuals make the turtles susceptible to multiple threats within the bay, including interactions with intensive small-scale fishing from the ports of Parachique, Puerto Rico, and Bayovar, as well as pollution and contamination from the communities that encompass the bay. More comprehensive measures are needed to quantify and characterize the threats faced by this endangered species in this unique habitat and to recommend practical conservation actions.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chela J. Zabin, Andrew L. Chang, Jeffrey Blumenthal, Brian S. Cheng
ABSTRACT: Marine organisms frequently inhabit intertidal zones that serve as refuges from predation and competition but are not optimal physiologically. Restoration practitioners working with intertidal species may similarly have to consider whether restoration success will be greater where conditions are more benign (usually lower in the intertidal) or where negative biotic interactions are reduced (usually higher in the intertidal). In cases where a target species has greater desiccation tolerance than its enemies, restoration may be more successful higher in the intertidal zone, despite potential performance trade-offs. In many US West Coast estuaries, non-native drill species can decimate native oyster populations, posing a challenge to restoration. Given that native Olympia oysters Ostrea lurida should be better able to withstand tidal emersion than the non-native Atlantic oyster drill Urosalpinx cinerea, we explored using the high intertidal as a refuge from predation as a potential restoration technique. Using surveys and a field experiment, we investigated the recruitment, growth, and survival of oysters as well as drill abundance and predation over 3 tidal elevations. Oysters recruited and survived equally well at +0.1, +0.5, and +0.8 m mean lower low water, but juvenile oyster growth decreased with increasing elevation. In our experiment, predation on oysters was lower at the highest elevation than at low and mid elevations, but in natural populations there was a near complete absence of O. lurida at any elevation where U. cinerea was present. This suggests that a higher tidal elevation refuge is not a viable approach for oyster restoration in our study area.
摘要：海洋生物经常栖息在潮间带，潮间带是躲避捕食和竞争的庇护所，但在生理上却并非最佳状态。与潮间带物种打交道的恢复工作者可能同样需要考虑，是在条件更有利（通常在潮间带较低）的地方，还是在负面生物相互作用减少（通常在潮间带较高）的地方，恢复的成功率会更高。如果目标物种比其天敌更耐干燥，那么尽管可能会出现性能权衡，但在潮间带较高的地方恢复可能会更成功。在美国西海岸的许多河口，非本地钻孔物种会消灭本地牡蛎种群，给恢复工作带来挑战。鉴于本地奥林匹亚牡蛎（Ostrea lurida）应该比非本地大西洋牡蛎钻头（Urosalpinx cinerea）更能经受潮汐浸泡，我们探索了利用潮间带高地作为躲避捕食的避难所这一潜在的恢复技术。通过调查和现场实验，我们研究了牡蛎的繁殖、生长和存活情况，以及钻头在 3 个潮位的丰度和捕食情况。在+0.1、+0.5和+0.8米平均低水位时，牡蛎的繁殖和存活率相同，但幼蛎的生长随着海拔的升高而下降。在我们的实验中，最高海拔处牡蛎的捕食量低于低海拔和中海拔处，但在自然种群中，任何海拔高度处都几乎完全没有 O. lurida，而 U. cinerea 存在。这表明，在我们的研究区域，潮汐海拔较高的避难所并不是恢复牡蛎的可行方法。
{"title":"Exploring high intertidal refugia as an approach for the restoration of an intertidal oyster","authors":"Chela J. Zabin, Andrew L. Chang, Jeffrey Blumenthal, Brian S. Cheng","doi":"10.3354/meps14590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14590","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Marine organisms frequently inhabit intertidal zones that serve as refuges from predation and competition but are not optimal physiologically. Restoration practitioners working with intertidal species may similarly have to consider whether restoration success will be greater where conditions are more benign (usually lower in the intertidal) or where negative biotic interactions are reduced (usually higher in the intertidal). In cases where a target species has greater desiccation tolerance than its enemies, restoration may be more successful higher in the intertidal zone, despite potential performance trade-offs. In many US West Coast estuaries, non-native drill species can decimate native oyster populations, posing a challenge to restoration. Given that native Olympia oysters <i>Ostrea lurida</i> should be better able to withstand tidal emersion than the non-native Atlantic oyster drill <i>Urosalpinx cinerea</i>, we explored using the high intertidal as a refuge from predation as a potential restoration technique. Using surveys and a field experiment, we investigated the recruitment, growth, and survival of oysters as well as drill abundance and predation over 3 tidal elevations. Oysters recruited and survived equally well at +0.1, +0.5, and +0.8 m mean lower low water, but juvenile oyster growth decreased with increasing elevation. In our experiment, predation on oysters was lower at the highest elevation than at low and mid elevations, but in natural populations there was a near complete absence of <i>O. lurida</i> at any elevation where <i>U. cinerea</i> was present. This suggests that a higher tidal elevation refuge is not a viable approach for oyster restoration in our study area.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141521384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. P. Jacquot, M. Snickars, E. Bonsdorff, M. C. Nordström
ABSTRACT: As humans are facing challenges related to climate change, biodiversity loss and increasingly threatened ecosystems, there is a need to understand human-induced pressures, effects and feedback processes in the marine environment. Our study therefore aimed to identify environmental and anthropogenic drivers for coastal macrozoobenthic communities and the implications for macrofauna-mediated ecosystem functions. A large spatial-temporal data set combining environmental and macrofaunal data allowed us to highlight exposure and human-induced stressors as main drivers for the macrofaunal communities in the Åland archipelago (northern Baltic Sea). A eutrophication gradient from sheltered inner to exposed outer areas was associated with a change in species- and trait-composition, and a change in dominance from r- to K-strategists in the invertebrate community. Sediment properties were significant drivers in explaining macrofaunal structural diversity patterns. The decrease in abundance, biomass and species richness in muddy sediments was associated with a reduction in bioturbation and bioirrigation potential indices. Environmental and human-induced pressures reduced the availability of macrofauna as food resource for mesopredators (i.e. benthivorous fish). Our results provide a deeper understanding of environment-community relationships and the interplay between biotic and abiotic ecosystem components regarding human-induced pressures.
摘要：人类正面临着与气候变化、生物多样性丧失和日益受到威胁的生态系统有关的挑战，因此有必要了解海洋环境中由人类引起的压力、影响和反馈过程。因此，我们的研究旨在确定沿海大型底栖生物群落的环境和人为驱动因素，以及对大型底栖生物介导的生态系统功能的影响。结合环境和大型底栖动物数据的大型时空数据集使我们能够突出暴露和人为压力因素是奥兰群岛（波罗的海北部）大型底栖动物群落的主要驱动因素。从遮蔽的内部地区到暴露的外部地区的富营养化梯度与物种和性状组成的变化以及无脊椎动物群落中从 r 策略到 K 策略的优势变化有关。沉积物特性是解释大型底栖生物结构多样性模式的重要驱动因素。泥质沉积物丰度、生物量和物种丰富度的降低与生物扰动和生物灌溉潜力指数的降低有关。环境和人为压力减少了大型底栖动物（即底栖鱼类）作为食物资源的可用性。我们的研究结果加深了人们对环境-群落关系以及生物和非生物生态系统组成部分之间的相互作用的理解。
{"title":"Trait responses to direct drivers and effects on multiple macrofauna-mediated ecosystem functions","authors":"M. P. Jacquot, M. Snickars, E. Bonsdorff, M. C. Nordström","doi":"10.3354/meps14593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14593","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: As humans are facing challenges related to climate change, biodiversity loss and increasingly threatened ecosystems, there is a need to understand human-induced pressures, effects and feedback processes in the marine environment. Our study therefore aimed to identify environmental and anthropogenic drivers for coastal macrozoobenthic communities and the implications for macrofauna-mediated ecosystem functions. A large spatial-temporal data set combining environmental and macrofaunal data allowed us to highlight exposure and human-induced stressors as main drivers for the macrofaunal communities in the Åland archipelago (northern Baltic Sea). A eutrophication gradient from sheltered inner to exposed outer areas was associated with a change in species- and trait-composition, and a change in dominance from r- to K-strategists in the invertebrate community. Sediment properties were significant drivers in explaining macrofaunal structural diversity patterns. The decrease in abundance, biomass and species richness in muddy sediments was associated with a reduction in bioturbation and bioirrigation potential indices. Environmental and human-induced pressures reduced the availability of macrofauna as food resource for mesopredators (i.e. benthivorous fish). Our results provide a deeper understanding of environment-community relationships and the interplay between biotic and abiotic ecosystem components regarding human-induced pressures.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141521390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evangelia Smeti, George Tsirtsis, Alexandra Meziti, Konstantinos A. Kormas, Daniel B. Danielidis, Daniel L. Roelke, Sofie Spatharis
ABSTRACT: Coastal ecosystems typically comprise water patches of different salinities that host distinct communities of species. This salinity-driven heterogeneity can be vulnerable to changes in between-patch connectivity due to altered water levels. Despite the potentially grave implications for higher trophic levels, the impact of increased connectivity on phytoplankton assemblages is largely unknown. Here, we investigate the effect of increasing connectivity on assemblage resistance and recovery along a strong salinity gradient of 40-61 psu. We deployed mesocosms within a saltwork system and hydraulically connected enclosures of 3 salinity levels at 3 connectivity levels. We hypothesized that assemblage composition of high salinity would be more resistant to press invasions during connectivity; however, high connectivity would decrease compositional resistance and recovery irrespective of salinity. We found that high salinity assemblages were indeed more resistant and recovered better at low connectivity. High connectivity also impacted the function of high salinity assemblages by replacing large diatoms with small flagellates, preventing assemblage recovery. Counterintuitively, low salinity assemblage composition recovered better at higher connectivity, and this was attributed to rescue effects of rarer and stenohaline species within a more variable nutrient environment. Here, we show that normal (i.e. marine) salinity assemblages are vulnerable to anticipated changes in coastal hydrological regimes whereas higher salinity assemblages are impacted above a certain connectivity threshold.
{"title":"Resilience of coastal marine metacommunities to increasing hydraulic connectivity","authors":"Evangelia Smeti, George Tsirtsis, Alexandra Meziti, Konstantinos A. Kormas, Daniel B. Danielidis, Daniel L. Roelke, Sofie Spatharis","doi":"10.3354/meps14606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14606","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Coastal ecosystems typically comprise water patches of different salinities that host distinct communities of species. This salinity-driven heterogeneity can be vulnerable to changes in between-patch connectivity due to altered water levels. Despite the potentially grave implications for higher trophic levels, the impact of increased connectivity on phytoplankton assemblages is largely unknown. Here, we investigate the effect of increasing connectivity on assemblage resistance and recovery along a strong salinity gradient of 40-61 psu. We deployed mesocosms within a saltwork system and hydraulically connected enclosures of 3 salinity levels at 3 connectivity levels. We hypothesized that assemblage composition of high salinity would be more resistant to press invasions during connectivity; however, high connectivity would decrease compositional resistance and recovery irrespective of salinity. We found that high salinity assemblages were indeed more resistant and recovered better at low connectivity. High connectivity also impacted the function of high salinity assemblages by replacing large diatoms with small flagellates, preventing assemblage recovery. Counterintuitively, low salinity assemblage composition recovered better at higher connectivity, and this was attributed to rescue effects of rarer and stenohaline species within a more variable nutrient environment. Here, we show that normal (i.e. marine) salinity assemblages are vulnerable to anticipated changes in coastal hydrological regimes whereas higher salinity assemblages are impacted above a certain connectivity threshold.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141521386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alyssa M. Andres, Emily Slesinger, Rachael E. Young, Grace K. Saba, Vincent S. Saba, Beth A. Phelan, John Rosendale, Daniel Wieczorek, Connor F. White, Brad A. Seibel
ABSTRACT: Ocean warming due to climate change can affect the metabolism, performance, and survival of ectothermic marine species. On the US Northeast continental shelf (US NES), waters are warming faster than the global average, leading to elevated mean temperatures and an increased risk of marine heatwave exposure in the region. Thus, it is critical to understand the effects of warming on the region’s living marine resources. Here, we quantified the acute temperature sensitivity of metabolic traits to evaluate their role as possible drivers of acute thermal tolerance and viable habitat in the spiny dogfish shark Squalus acanthias on the US NES. From 10-23°C, the standard metabolic rate increased more rapidly than the maximum metabolic rate, resulting in a reduction in factorial aerobic scope at warmer temperatures. However, the oxygen supply capacity increased with temperature in proportion to maximum metabolic rate, and neither metric declined at the warmest temperatures, suggesting oxygen supply capacity does not limit performance within the tested range. Although behavioral observations revealed overt thermal stress via loss of equilibrium at ≥20°C and estimated lethal temperature at ∼24°C, sharks retained the ability to regulate their resting metabolic rate, achieve maximum activity, and peak absolute aerobic scope at warm temperatures. Results suggest that factors other than oxygen supply or aerobic scope are constraining thermal tolerance in S. acanthias and support the notion that aerobic scope cannot be universally applied to determine optimal or viable metabolic habitat.
{"title":"Thermal sensitivity of metabolic performance in Squalus acanthias: efficacy of aerobic scope as a predictor of viable thermal habitat","authors":"Alyssa M. Andres, Emily Slesinger, Rachael E. Young, Grace K. Saba, Vincent S. Saba, Beth A. Phelan, John Rosendale, Daniel Wieczorek, Connor F. White, Brad A. Seibel","doi":"10.3354/meps14586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14586","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Ocean warming due to climate change can affect the metabolism, performance, and survival of ectothermic marine species. On the US Northeast continental shelf (US NES), waters are warming faster than the global average, leading to elevated mean temperatures and an increased risk of marine heatwave exposure in the region. Thus, it is critical to understand the effects of warming on the region’s living marine resources. Here, we quantified the acute temperature sensitivity of metabolic traits to evaluate their role as possible drivers of acute thermal tolerance and viable habitat in the spiny dogfish shark <i>Squalus acanthias</i> on the US NES. From 10-23°C, the standard metabolic rate increased more rapidly than the maximum metabolic rate, resulting in a reduction in factorial aerobic scope at warmer temperatures. However, the oxygen supply capacity increased with temperature in proportion to maximum metabolic rate, and neither metric declined at the warmest temperatures, suggesting oxygen supply capacity does not limit performance within the tested range. Although behavioral observations revealed overt thermal stress via loss of equilibrium at ≥20°C and estimated lethal temperature at ∼24°C, sharks retained the ability to regulate their resting metabolic rate, achieve maximum activity, and peak absolute aerobic scope at warm temperatures. Results suggest that factors other than oxygen supply or aerobic scope are constraining thermal tolerance in <i>S. acanthias</i> and support the notion that aerobic scope cannot be universally applied to determine optimal or viable metabolic habitat.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Max F. Czapanskiy, Jarrod A. Santora, Kimberly S. Dietrich, Megan A. Cimino, Elliott L. Hazen, Christian S. Reiss, Richard R. Veit
ABSTRACT: The Antarctic Peninsula marine ecosystem is highly productive, with large populations of commercially and ecologically important species including Antarctic krill Euphausia superba, Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae, and crabeater seals Lobodon carcinophagus. The ecology of the peninsula is rapidly changing due to accelerating climate change and fishing pressure. Systematic ecosystem surveys have focused on austral spring and summer, leaving an information gap on winter ecosystem dynamics. Using data from 5 consecutive ecosystem surveys, we quantified the composition and distribution of winter predator communities and investigated the physical and biological influences on community structure. Seabirds and marine mammals clustered into 3 communities: an ice-associated community represented by Adélie penguins and crabeater seals; a diverse marginal ice zone community dominated by fur seals and several species of seabirds including 3 petrels, kelp gulls Larus dominicanus, and Antarctic terns Sterna vittata; and an open water community consisting of southern fulmars Fulmarus glacialoides and 4 species of petrels. These communities were distributed along an environmental gradient ranging from ice-covered, cold, saline water to ice-free, warmer, and fresher water with greater chlorophyll concentrations. Predator communities were also associated with different communities of macrozooplankton: ice-associated predators with an extremely diverse assemblage of typically mesopelagic zooplankton; marginal ice zone predators with a community of large-bodied euphausiids (E. superba, E. crystallorophias); and open water predators with a community of small-bodied euphausiids (Thysanoessa macrura). Our synthesis of integrated winter predator and macrozooplankton communities relative to sea-ice concentration provides reference points for future ecosystem assessments within this rapidly changing region.
{"title":"Sea-ice and macrozooplankton distribution as determinants of top predator community structure in Antarctic winter","authors":"Max F. Czapanskiy, Jarrod A. Santora, Kimberly S. Dietrich, Megan A. Cimino, Elliott L. Hazen, Christian S. Reiss, Richard R. Veit","doi":"10.3354/meps14609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14609","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The Antarctic Peninsula marine ecosystem is highly productive, with large populations of commercially and ecologically important species including Antarctic krill <i>Euphausia superba</i>, Adélie penguins <i>Pygoscelis adeliae</i>, and crabeater seals <i>Lobodon carcinophagus</i>. The ecology of the peninsula is rapidly changing due to accelerating climate change and fishing pressure. Systematic ecosystem surveys have focused on austral spring and summer, leaving an information gap on winter ecosystem dynamics. Using data from 5 consecutive ecosystem surveys, we quantified the composition and distribution of winter predator communities and investigated the physical and biological influences on community structure. Seabirds and marine mammals clustered into 3 communities: an ice-associated community represented by Adélie penguins and crabeater seals; a diverse marginal ice zone community dominated by fur seals and several species of seabirds including 3 petrels, kelp gulls <i>Larus dominicanus</i>, and Antarctic terns <i>Sterna vittata</i>; and an open water community consisting of southern fulmars <i>Fulmarus glacialoides</i> and 4 species of petrels. These communities were distributed along an environmental gradient ranging from ice-covered, cold, saline water to ice-free, warmer, and fresher water with greater chlorophyll concentrations. Predator communities were also associated with different communities of macrozooplankton: ice-associated predators with an extremely diverse assemblage of typically mesopelagic zooplankton; marginal ice zone predators with a community of large-bodied euphausiids (<i>E. superba, E. crystallorophias</i>); and open water predators with a community of small-bodied euphausiids (<i>Thysanoessa macrura</i>). Our synthesis of integrated winter predator and macrozooplankton communities relative to sea-ice concentration provides reference points for future ecosystem assessments within this rapidly changing region.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141521387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James P. Kilfoil, Gabrielle Krohn, Eric E. G. Clua, Serge Planes, Kirk R. Gastrich, Michael R. Heithaus, Aaron J. Wirsing
ABSTRACT: There is growing evidence of the important role learning plays in shark foraging, but few studies have examined the relationship between learning and foraging behavior in free-living settings. We addressed this knowledge gap by experimentally contrasting responses of blacktip reef Carcharhinus melanopterus and sicklefin lemon Negaprion acutidens sharks to an olfactory-only feeding stimulus—baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS)—that was either spatially randomized (as a control) or offered repeatedly at the same location in the lagoon of Tetiaroa, French Polynesia. Relative to their response to the randomized BRUVS, blacktip reef sharks appeared to sensitize to the repeated treatment, exhibiting increasing relative abundance upon introduction of the cue (maximum number of individuals of a species observed on any frame of a video [MaxN] at deployment) and decreasing arrival times as the experiment progressed. By contrast, sicklefin lemon shark responses were either consistent across control and treatment BRUVS over time or suggested habituation (as evidenced by declining MaxN in response to the spatially repeated exposure). Accordingly, our findings advance our understanding of shark cognition by highlighting that sensitized learning responses to stable feeding cues can develop even when the olfactory attractant is not accompanied by a reward, while also indicating that shark responses to these cues can be species-specific. They also suggest that, for at least some shark species, olfactory cues alone could lead to learned responses that confound non-invasive efforts to monitor shark populations and communities (e.g. with BRUVS) and drive spatial behavior with the potential to affect both ecotourism and negative human-shark interactions.
{"title":"Divergent learning responses to a spatially consistent olfactory stimulus in two reef shark species","authors":"James P. Kilfoil, Gabrielle Krohn, Eric E. G. Clua, Serge Planes, Kirk R. Gastrich, Michael R. Heithaus, Aaron J. Wirsing","doi":"10.3354/meps14608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14608","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: There is growing evidence of the important role learning plays in shark foraging, but few studies have examined the relationship between learning and foraging behavior in free-living settings. We addressed this knowledge gap by experimentally contrasting responses of blacktip reef <i>Carcharhinus melanopterus</i> and sicklefin lemon <i>Negaprion acutidens</i> sharks to an olfactory-only feeding stimulus—baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS)—that was either spatially randomized (as a control) or offered repeatedly at the same location in the lagoon of Tetiaroa, French Polynesia. Relative to their response to the randomized BRUVS, blacktip reef sharks appeared to sensitize to the repeated treatment, exhibiting increasing relative abundance upon introduction of the cue (maximum number of individuals of a species observed on any frame of a video [MaxN] at deployment) and decreasing arrival times as the experiment progressed. By contrast, sicklefin lemon shark responses were either consistent across control and treatment BRUVS over time or suggested habituation (as evidenced by declining MaxN in response to the spatially repeated exposure). Accordingly, our findings advance our understanding of shark cognition by highlighting that sensitized learning responses to stable feeding cues can develop even when the olfactory attractant is not accompanied by a reward, while also indicating that shark responses to these cues can be species-specific. They also suggest that, for at least some shark species, olfactory cues alone could lead to learned responses that confound non-invasive efforts to monitor shark populations and communities (e.g. with BRUVS) and drive spatial behavior with the potential to affect both ecotourism and negative human-shark interactions.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. S. Murray, J. L. Gregg, A. H. Mackenzie, H. T. Jayasekera, S. Hall, T. Klinger, P. K. Hershberger
ABSTRACT: Ocean acidification can affect the immune responses of fish, but effects on pathogen susceptibility remain uncertain. Pacific herring Clupea pallasii were reared from hatch under 3 CO2 partial pressure ( pCO2) treatments (ambient, ∼650 µatm; intermediate, ∼1500 µatm; high, ∼3000 µatm) through metamorphosis (98 d) to evaluate the effects of ocean acidification on bioenergetics and susceptibility to an endemic viral disease. Mortality from viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) was comparable between herring reared under ambient and intermediate pCO2 (all vulnerability testing at ambient pCO2). By contrast, fish reared under high pCO2 experienced significantly higher rates of VHS mortality, and the condition factor of survivors was significantly lower than in the other pCO2 treatments. However, the prevalence of infection among survivors was not influenced by pCO2 treatment. Pre-flexion larval development was not affected by elevated pCO2, as growth rate, energy use, and feeding activity were comparable across treatments. Similarly, long-term growth (14 wk) was not affected by chronic exposure to elevated pCO2. Herring reared under both elevated pCO2 treatments showed an average reduction in swimming speed; however, wide intra-treatment variability rendered the effect nonsignificant. This study demonstrates that the VHS susceptibility and bioenergetics of larval and post-metamorphic Pacific herring are not affected by near-future ocean acidification predicted for coastal systems of the North Pacific. However, increased susceptibility to VHS in fish reared under 3000 µatm pCO2 indicates potential health and fitness consequences from extreme acidification.
{"title":"Effects of elevated pCO2 on bioenergetics and disease susceptibility in Pacific herring Clupea pallasii","authors":"C. S. Murray, J. L. Gregg, A. H. Mackenzie, H. T. Jayasekera, S. Hall, T. Klinger, P. K. Hershberger","doi":"10.3354/meps14607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14607","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Ocean acidification can affect the immune responses of fish, but effects on pathogen susceptibility remain uncertain. Pacific herring <i>Clupea pallasii</i> were reared from hatch under 3 CO<sub>2</sub> partial pressure (<i> p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) treatments (ambient, ∼650 µatm; intermediate, ∼1500 µatm; high, ∼3000 µatm) through metamorphosis (98 d) to evaluate the effects of ocean acidification on bioenergetics and susceptibility to an endemic viral disease. Mortality from viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) was comparable between herring reared under ambient and intermediate <i> p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> (all vulnerability testing at ambient <i> p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>). By contrast, fish reared under high <i> p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> experienced significantly higher rates of VHS mortality, and the condition factor of survivors was significantly lower than in the other <i> p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> treatments. However, the prevalence of infection among survivors was not influenced by <i> p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> treatment. Pre-flexion larval development was not affected by elevated <i> p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>, as growth rate, energy use, and feeding activity were comparable across treatments. Similarly, long-term growth (14 wk) was not affected by chronic exposure to elevated <i> p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>. Herring reared under both elevated <i> p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> treatments showed an average reduction in swimming speed; however, wide intra-treatment variability rendered the effect nonsignificant. This study demonstrates that the VHS susceptibility and bioenergetics of larval and post-metamorphic Pacific herring are not affected by near-future ocean acidification predicted for coastal systems of the North Pacific. However, increased susceptibility to VHS in fish reared under 3000 µatm <i> p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> indicates potential health and fitness consequences from extreme acidification.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Castro-Fernández, Hilmar Hinz, Inés Castejon-Silvo, Ignacio Catalán, José M. Disdier-Gómez, Joan Moranta, Ana Ruiz-Frau, Amalia Grau, Jorge Terrados
ABSTRACT: Seagrass meadows fulfil an essential ecosystem service by providing nursery habitats to various fish species. However, the habitat features driving this function remain insufficiently explored. Nevertheless, this knowledge is essential to quantify the ecosystem service provision, inform restoration efforts, and address the impact of habitat loss and fragmentation on this key coastal habitat. In this study, habitat selection experiments were conducted with 2 Mediterranean juvenile fish species (the East Atlantic peacock wrasse Symphodus tinca and the annular seabream Diplodus annularis), usually associated with Posidonia oceanica beds, to evaluate if they actively select seagrass habitats based on their structural complexity. Juvenile fish movement was recorded and tracked when visually exposed to multiple artificial habitat configurations within an experimental aquarium to determine the proportion of time spent near each habitat. Both species exhibited a clear affinity towards vegetated (seagrass mimics) habitats in comparison to unvegetated areas, demonstrating that juveniles distinguished and actively selected habitats using visual cues. However, they presented different responses in their occupancy patterns to increasing complexity of seagrass mimic habitats. While D. annularis responded positively to increases in complexity, S. tinca did not. These affinity variations between species suggest that differences in juvenile abundance between habitats found in previous field studies may be partially conditioned by active habitat choices. Understanding how different species respond to changes in seagrass structure is crucial for quantifying their nursery provision service. Moreover, this knowledge is essential to assess their potential vulnerability to seagrass loss in the context of environmental changes in the Mediterranean.
{"title":"Visual habitat selection by juvenile fish in response to seagrass with different structural complexity","authors":"Julia Castro-Fernández, Hilmar Hinz, Inés Castejon-Silvo, Ignacio Catalán, José M. Disdier-Gómez, Joan Moranta, Ana Ruiz-Frau, Amalia Grau, Jorge Terrados","doi":"10.3354/meps14596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14596","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Seagrass meadows fulfil an essential ecosystem service by providing nursery habitats to various fish species. However, the habitat features driving this function remain insufficiently explored. Nevertheless, this knowledge is essential to quantify the ecosystem service provision, inform restoration efforts, and address the impact of habitat loss and fragmentation on this key coastal habitat. In this study, habitat selection experiments were conducted with 2 Mediterranean juvenile fish species (the East Atlantic peacock wrasse <i>Symphodus tinca</i> and the annular seabream <i>Diplodus annularis</i>), usually associated with <i>Posidonia oceanica</i> beds, to evaluate if they actively select seagrass habitats based on their structural complexity. Juvenile fish movement was recorded and tracked when visually exposed to multiple artificial habitat configurations within an experimental aquarium to determine the proportion of time spent near each habitat. Both species exhibited a clear affinity towards vegetated (seagrass mimics) habitats in comparison to unvegetated areas, demonstrating that juveniles distinguished and actively selected habitats using visual cues. However, they presented different responses in their occupancy patterns to increasing complexity of seagrass mimic habitats. While <i>D. annularis</i> responded positively to increases in complexity, <i>S. tinca</i> did not. These affinity variations between species suggest that differences in juvenile abundance between habitats found in previous field studies may be partially conditioned by active habitat choices. Understanding how different species respond to changes in seagrass structure is crucial for quantifying their nursery provision service. Moreover, this knowledge is essential to assess their potential vulnerability to seagrass loss in the context of environmental changes in the Mediterranean.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine J. Kuletz, Adrian E. Gall, Tawna C. Morgan, Alexander K. Prichard, Lisa B. Eisner, David G. Kimmel, Alex De Robertis, Robert M. Levine, Timothy Jones, Elizabeth A. Labunski
ABSTRACT: In the Pacific Arctic, the Chukchi Sea has been warming for decades, and exhibited an exceptionally warm period from 2015 to 2021. We examined changes in seabird distribution and abundance in the Chukchi Sea, and their relationships to environmental and prey conditions between 2 contrasting periods. We sampled systematically placed stations in late summer during 2 years before (2012, 2013) and 2 years during the warm period (2017, 2019; characterized by multiple marine heatwaves). Ship-based bird counts were used to model at-sea density of 5 seabird foraging guilds relative to oceanographic (water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll) and prey (large copepods, euphausiids, 3 forage fish taxa) variables. Relative to cool years, heatwave years were characterized by warmer, saltier waters, low abundance of large copepods and euphausiids, and elevated fish abundance, including an unprecedented abundance of age-0 walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus. Seabird species richness was higher during heatwave years but diversity was lower, driven by an influx of shearwaters. The best models for surface feeding and diving piscivores and diving planktivores included oceanographic and prey variables, plus a heatwave interaction term, indicating that responses to variables differed between cool and heatwave periods, with greatest disparity exhibited by diving planktivores. Models for surface planktivores were inconclusive, whereas shearwater distribution was associated with geographic variables (latitude, distance offshore), with relationships differing during cool and heatwave periods. We propose a conceptual model of how a prolonged period of marine heatwaves may affect the offshore seabird community via changes in prey species composition and distribution.
{"title":"Seabird responses to ecosystem changes driven by marine heatwaves in a warming Arctic","authors":"Katherine J. Kuletz, Adrian E. Gall, Tawna C. Morgan, Alexander K. Prichard, Lisa B. Eisner, David G. Kimmel, Alex De Robertis, Robert M. Levine, Timothy Jones, Elizabeth A. Labunski","doi":"10.3354/meps14493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14493","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: In the Pacific Arctic, the Chukchi Sea has been warming for decades, and exhibited an exceptionally warm period from 2015 to 2021. We examined changes in seabird distribution and abundance in the Chukchi Sea, and their relationships to environmental and prey conditions between 2 contrasting periods. We sampled systematically placed stations in late summer during 2 years before (2012, 2013) and 2 years during the warm period (2017, 2019; characterized by multiple marine heatwaves). Ship-based bird counts were used to model at-sea density of 5 seabird foraging guilds relative to oceanographic (water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll) and prey (large copepods, euphausiids, 3 forage fish taxa) variables. Relative to cool years, heatwave years were characterized by warmer, saltier waters, low abundance of large copepods and euphausiids, and elevated fish abundance, including an unprecedented abundance of age-0 walleye pollock <i>Gadus chalcogrammus</i>. Seabird species richness was higher during heatwave years but diversity was lower, driven by an influx of shearwaters. The best models for surface feeding and diving piscivores and diving planktivores included oceanographic and prey variables, plus a heatwave interaction term, indicating that responses to variables differed between cool and heatwave periods, with greatest disparity exhibited by diving planktivores. Models for surface planktivores were inconclusive, whereas shearwater distribution was associated with geographic variables (latitude, distance offshore), with relationships differing during cool and heatwave periods. We propose a conceptual model of how a prolonged period of marine heatwaves may affect the offshore seabird community via changes in prey species composition and distribution.","PeriodicalId":18193,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","volume":"237 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141521442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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