Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2025256
Margaux Dubar
{"title":"[Addiction revisited by Anthony Ferreira: a necessary and brilliant synthesis].","authors":"Margaux Dubar","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2025256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2025256","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18205,"journal":{"name":"M S-medecine Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"92-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2025254
Rémi Chatelais, Laurent David, Maxence Gaillard
Emerging laboratory entities raise numerous ethical issues, one of which is their correct labelling. This article reviews the debate over naming stem cell cultures that reproduce in vitro the major developmental processes of the human embryo. Numerous labels have been proposed to refer to these entities, including embryo models, synthetic or artificial embryos, and embryoids, among others. We argue that each of these names goes with assumptions about the nature and potential of the entities they intend to designate. By listing the main terms used in the literature and presenting their advantages and disadvantages, we hope to unfold these assumptions and the ethical issues they entail.
{"title":"[What's your name? To build and label in vitro embryo models].","authors":"Rémi Chatelais, Laurent David, Maxence Gaillard","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2025254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2025254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging laboratory entities raise numerous ethical issues, one of which is their correct labelling. This article reviews the debate over naming stem cell cultures that reproduce in vitro the major developmental processes of the human embryo. Numerous labels have been proposed to refer to these entities, including embryo models, synthetic or artificial embryos, and embryoids, among others. We argue that each of these names goes with assumptions about the nature and potential of the entities they intend to designate. By listing the main terms used in the literature and presenting their advantages and disadvantages, we hope to unfold these assumptions and the ethical issues they entail.</p>","PeriodicalId":18205,"journal":{"name":"M S-medecine Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"78-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2025253
Marie Boudaud, Djésia Arnone, Nina Touly, Benoit Chassaing
The advent of the modern diet - characterized by increased consumption of ultra-processed foods rich in saturated fats and simple sugars, but deficient in fiber and micronutrients - has profoundly altered the biodiversity of the intestinal microbiota. This dysbiosis disrupts the intricate metabolic, immune, and nutritional interactions between the host and its microbiota, leading to significant downstream impacts on human health. Dietary imbalances result in reduced production of beneficial microbial metabolites, increased intestinal permeability, chronic inflammation, and heightened risks of obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. Conversely, diversified diets rich in fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, and plant-based proteins support a resilient and diverse microbial ecosystem that enhances gut barrier function, immunity, and the synthesis of protective compounds. A deeper understanding of these complex host-microbiota-nutrition interactions can pave the way for preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiome to promote human health.
{"title":"[Intestinal microbiota biodiversity and the modern diet: consequences for human health].","authors":"Marie Boudaud, Djésia Arnone, Nina Touly, Benoit Chassaing","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2025253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2025253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advent of the modern diet - characterized by increased consumption of ultra-processed foods rich in saturated fats and simple sugars, but deficient in fiber and micronutrients - has profoundly altered the biodiversity of the intestinal microbiota. This dysbiosis disrupts the intricate metabolic, immune, and nutritional interactions between the host and its microbiota, leading to significant downstream impacts on human health. Dietary imbalances result in reduced production of beneficial microbial metabolites, increased intestinal permeability, chronic inflammation, and heightened risks of obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. Conversely, diversified diets rich in fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, and plant-based proteins support a resilient and diverse microbial ecosystem that enhances gut barrier function, immunity, and the synthesis of protective compounds. A deeper understanding of these complex host-microbiota-nutrition interactions can pave the way for preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiome to promote human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18205,"journal":{"name":"M S-medecine Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2025240
Rodolphe Suspène, Pierre Khalfi, Théo Defresne, Jean-Pierre Vartanian
{"title":"[Hypoxia and TREX1 exonuclease: an alliance that suppresses hepatitis B virus replication].","authors":"Rodolphe Suspène, Pierre Khalfi, Théo Defresne, Jean-Pierre Vartanian","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2025240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2025240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18205,"journal":{"name":"M S-medecine Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"13-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2025194
Damien Lacroux
{"title":"[From black box to white box - The limits of transparency in artificial intelligence IA used in healthcare].","authors":"Damien Lacroux","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2025194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2025194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18205,"journal":{"name":"M S-medecine Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"71-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2025244
Claire Bernardin-Souibgui, Virginie Courtois, Vincent Pavot, Patrick Lécine
{"title":"[Vaccine immunity: how could blood biomarkers predict the antibody response].","authors":"Claire Bernardin-Souibgui, Virginie Courtois, Vincent Pavot, Patrick Lécine","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2025244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2025244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18205,"journal":{"name":"M S-medecine Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"22-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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