M S-medecine Sciences最新文献

The FoVE model is a new theoretical framework coupled with innovative modeling to evaluate the striated skeletal muscle function. The theoretical model is based on two fundamental relationships: the force-velocity relationship and the force-time relationship. These relationships describe the muscle force production capacity as a function of contraction velocity and exercise duration, respectively. By combining them, the FoVE model offers a comprehensive view of the muscle functional capacities at various velocities, with and without fatigue. A unique experimental protocol has been developed using an isokinetic force measurement system to obtain the FoVE parameters of the model. This protocol enables muscle force to be measured at various contraction velocities for a total duration of 3 minutes. Applied to mouse model, the results obtained with the FoVE model show significant differences in the functional capacity of the tibialis anterior muscle. Females have a higher normalized initial maximal force. Conversely, males have a higher initial maximum velocity capacity under fatigue conditions. This approach provides a comprehensive mapping of muscle function, surpassing traditional assessments of isometric strength. It can be applied to basic research in pre-clinical models and translational research in humans.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T is one of the most promising modern cancer immunotherapies. In the recent years, impressive results have been obtained in the treatment of cancer which led to FDA approval for the treatment of liquid tumors. In this cell-based therapy, immune cells (e.g. T and NK cells) are engineered to express a synthetic receptor CAR to specifically recognize and eliminate cells expressing a target antigen. CAR has evolved through different generations aiming to boost its biological activity and overcome limitations such as low persistence, limited potency, life-threatening toxicity and inefficient activity against solid tumor. The present review provides an overview of the different CAR generations, starting from the 1^st generation with limited cytotoxic activity until the latest generation, the 5^th generation or new generation, developed to overcome various limitations of CAR T therapy. The current ongoing clinical trials in cancer and autoimmune diseases, and the limitation associated with CAR-T cells in cancer therapy, are also discussed.

Skeletal myofibers are syncytia made from the fusion of dozens or hundreds of mononuclear progenitor cells. Along myogenesis, the arriving nuclei from the progenitor cells have a long journey before being positioned at the periphery of a mature myofiber. Once at the periphery, nuclei are regularly spaced and each nucleus is transcriptionally responsible for its surrounding proportion of cytoplasm, known as the myonuclear domain. Disruption of these domains can be observed in various myopathies, suggesting their importance for skeletal muscle functionality. However, little is known about mechanisms regulating the myonuclear domain stability and organization. Here we take the example of MACF1, a microtubule-associated protein, as an essential actor in myonuclear domain organization, to highlight the potential role of microtubules and their associated proteome network for the stability of these domains and hence for proper myofiber functionality.

Aware of the degradation of their environment, cities engage in a transition towards sustainable development models. They are based on the search for solutions promoting the "return of nature to the city", which is acclaimed by citizen wishing to improve their living environment. As a support of this nature, there is a knowledge issue regard soil to define management practices and design methods to optimize its functioning. Among this knowledge, that relating to the ecology and microbial diversity of the soil is essential since microorganisms are responsible for many of the services essential to the sustainability of urban systems. This article provides a brief overview of knowledge on the microbial diversity of urban soils and the tools available to assess it. It also presents examples of ongoing projects to study soil biodiversity in major French cities.