Present-day construction is greatly influenced by steel-concrete column composites. Steel-concrete composite gained extensive attention around the globe, which made steel-concrete composite utilization in construction more attractive than conventional reinforced cement concrete design. Different architectural culture has introduced inexhaustible diversification of different columns. One of the most widely used is concrete-encased columns. These columns are those in which steel is encased in reinforced concrete. Combining these two materials leads to less cross-sectional area, high rigidity, and improved lateral resistance. However, some construction difficulties are evident. A comprehensive overview of the state of the art of evolution of composite columns in building structures based on experimental numerical and analytical studies is emphasized in the paper. Moreover, replacing concrete with various materials such as cement aggregates, limestones, fly ash, and industrial waste is suggested to deal with the high cost of the construction.
{"title":"Composite Columns in Building Structure - A Analytical Study","authors":"Md Tanvir Hasan Fahim","doi":"10.13005/msri/190206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/msri/190206","url":null,"abstract":"Present-day construction is greatly influenced by steel-concrete column composites. Steel-concrete composite gained extensive attention around the globe, which made steel-concrete composite utilization in construction more attractive than conventional reinforced cement concrete design. Different architectural culture has introduced inexhaustible diversification of different columns. One of the most widely used is concrete-encased columns. These columns are those in which steel is encased in reinforced concrete. Combining these two materials leads to less cross-sectional area, high rigidity, and improved lateral resistance. However, some construction difficulties are evident. A comprehensive overview of the state of the art of evolution of composite columns in building structures based on experimental numerical and analytical studies is emphasized in the paper. Moreover, replacing concrete with various materials such as cement aggregates, limestones, fly ash, and industrial waste is suggested to deal with the high cost of the construction.","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87608999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The binary and ternary adsorptions of Pb (II), methyl orange (MO) and brilliant blue (BB) on engineered biochar (Fe2O3-BC) nano-composite using pyrolysis and microwave activation were investigated in this work. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the capacity of Fe2O3BC to remove MO, Pb and BB in binary and ternary aqueous solutions. MO removal was higher in MO-Pb binary solution than in ternary MO solution. A large amount of adsorbent dosage, high concentration and longer time were witnessed to achieve maximum removals in ternary solutions as compared to binary solutions. The Langmuir plots indicated that the isotherm can be used to describe sorption studies of both MO dye and Pb2+, while Temkin isotherm was not in agreement with the results. The closeness of R2 value to 1 indicated that the data obtained fits Langmuir Isotherm model of monolayer adsorption kinetics. It was concluded that the Fe2O3-BC nano-composite has a series of distinct homogeneous sites available for binding the MO anions in solution. Therefore, the use of Fe2O3-BC nano-composite for small scale community water purification is a novel cause.
{"title":"Investigation on the Adsorption Properties of an Engineered Biochar (Fe2o3-Bc) Nano-Composite in Binary and Ternary Aqueous Solutions","authors":"Tobias T. Shumba, Bridgette V. Musamirapamwe","doi":"10.13005/msri/190207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/msri/190207","url":null,"abstract":"The binary and ternary adsorptions of Pb (II), methyl orange (MO) and brilliant blue (BB) on engineered biochar (Fe2O3-BC) nano-composite using pyrolysis and microwave activation were investigated in this work. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the capacity of Fe2O3BC to remove MO, Pb and BB in binary and ternary aqueous solutions. MO removal was higher in MO-Pb binary solution than in ternary MO solution. A large amount of adsorbent dosage, high concentration and longer time were witnessed to achieve maximum removals in ternary solutions as compared to binary solutions. The Langmuir plots indicated that the isotherm can be used to describe sorption studies of both MO dye and Pb2+, while Temkin isotherm was not in agreement with the results. The closeness of R2 value to 1 indicated that the data obtained fits Langmuir Isotherm model of monolayer adsorption kinetics. It was concluded that the Fe2O3-BC nano-composite has a series of distinct homogeneous sites available for binding the MO anions in solution. Therefore, the use of Fe2O3-BC nano-composite for small scale community water purification is a novel cause.","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80336830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Materials for Humanitas","authors":"O. Toprakci","doi":"10.13005/msri/190201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/msri/190201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76694783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: This work aims to assess the enhancement of optical properties for porous GaN nanostructures, which fabricated by Photoelectrochemical etching under different current densities. The changing of optical properties for different samples were investigated by Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. A strong near band-gap-edge emission (NBE) was detected with peak energy 3.40 eV for as-grown and sample etched at 5mA/cm2, while its 3.41 and 3.42 eV for samples etched with 10 and 20mA/cm2 respectively. Also, another peak emission from the sapphire substrate at peak 1.7 eV was observed. The PL peak intensity of the porous samples have increased with increasing the porosity, while the FWHM of the near-band-edge peak was decreased in 5 and 10mA/cm2 samples compared to as-grown non-etched sample, indicated that the pore size decreased with etching current density and porosity. Finally, the change of refractive with porosity was investigated in the porous GaN nanostructure.
摘要:本研究旨在研究不同电流密度下光电化学蚀刻制备的多孔氮化镓纳米结构的光学性能。利用光致发光(PL)光谱研究了不同样品的光学性质变化。在5mA/cm2蚀刻下，生长样品的峰值能量为3.40 eV，而在10ma /cm2蚀刻样品的峰值能量为3.41 eV, 20mA/cm2蚀刻样品的峰值能量为3.42 eV。此外，蓝宝石衬底在1.7 eV峰处也有另一个发射峰。多孔样品的PL峰强度随孔隙度的增加而增加，而在5 ma /cm2和10mA/cm2时，近带边峰的FWHM比未蚀刻的样品减小，表明孔径随蚀刻电流密度和孔隙度的增加而减小。最后，研究了多孔GaN纳米结构的折射率随孔隙率的变化。
{"title":"Assessment of the Enhancement for the Excitation Emission in Porous Gan using Photoluminescence","authors":"M. K. Alquran","doi":"10.13005/msri/190205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/msri/190205","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: This work aims to assess the enhancement of optical properties for porous GaN nanostructures, which fabricated by Photoelectrochemical etching under different current densities. The changing of optical properties for different samples were investigated by Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. A strong near band-gap-edge emission (NBE) was detected with peak energy 3.40 eV for as-grown and sample etched at 5mA/cm2, while its 3.41 and 3.42 eV for samples etched with 10 and 20mA/cm2 respectively. Also, another peak emission from the sapphire substrate at peak 1.7 eV was observed. The PL peak intensity of the porous samples have increased with increasing the porosity, while the FWHM of the near-band-edge peak was decreased in 5 and 10mA/cm2 samples compared to as-grown non-etched sample, indicated that the pore size decreased with etching current density and porosity. Finally, the change of refractive with porosity was investigated in the porous GaN nanostructure.","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74338785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermal modification or heat treatment was performed on the samples of Toonaciliataat various temperatures (80°C, 120°C, 160°C, 200°C) and durations (2h, 4h, and 6h) which revealed that chemical and mechanical properties of the wood improved at particular temperature with certain time duration. These results suggest that thermal treatment considerably improves wood properties like dimensional stability and durability. Vacuumoven was used to assess the process of thermal modification and different procedures were used to study the chemicaland mechanical properties of Toona wood. In chemical properties the maximum value of holocellulose content (71.73%) and lignin content (27.52%), were observed at 200°C. While, the minimum value of holocellulose content (61.29%) and lignin content (24.42%), were found to be at 200°C and at control, respectively. In mechanical properties the maximum value of tensile strength (0.072), bending strength 0.022), compression parallel to the grain (0.052) and compression perpendicular (0.039) to the grain was observed at 120°C. Whereas, the minimum tensile strength (0.039), bending strength (0.008), compression parallel (0,041) the grain and perpendicular (0.027) to the grain was found at 200°C.All the chemical and mechanical properties of Toona wood improved after heat treatment at particular temperature and duration.
{"title":"Influence of Heat Treatment on Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Toona ciliata M. Roem. Wood","authors":"V. Sharma, Rajneesh Kumar, B. Dutt, Varun Attri","doi":"10.13005/msri/190105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/msri/190105","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal modification or heat treatment was performed on the samples of Toonaciliataat various temperatures (80°C, 120°C, 160°C, 200°C) and durations (2h, 4h, and 6h) which revealed that chemical and mechanical properties of the wood improved at particular temperature with certain time duration. These results suggest that thermal treatment considerably improves wood properties like dimensional stability and durability. Vacuumoven was used to assess the process of thermal modification and different procedures were used to study the chemicaland mechanical properties of Toona wood. In chemical properties the maximum value of holocellulose content (71.73%) and lignin content (27.52%), were observed at 200°C. While, the minimum value of holocellulose content (61.29%) and lignin content (24.42%), were found to be at 200°C and at control, respectively. In mechanical properties the maximum value of tensile strength (0.072), bending strength 0.022), compression parallel to the grain (0.052) and compression perpendicular (0.039) to the grain was observed at 120°C. Whereas, the minimum tensile strength (0.039), bending strength (0.008), compression parallel (0,041) the grain and perpendicular (0.027) to the grain was found at 200°C.All the chemical and mechanical properties of Toona wood improved after heat treatment at particular temperature and duration.","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78545238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Nayanajith, R. D. De Silva, S. R. R. S. R. Rosa, I. Kottegoda
This study was focused on evaluation of conducting and tensile properties of rGO/ Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) nanocomposite intended to use in electronic applications which require biodegradability. This study was also considered to be worthwhile since very little work has been done in this regard so far. PBAT was specifically selected for the study as it is an extensively used biodegradable polymer for variety of applications. The solvent casting method was employed to prepare rGO/PBAT nanocomposites where rGO was dispersed in a solution of PBAT by ultrasonication followed by evaporation of the solvent components. Electrical conductivity (σ) of rGO/PBAT nanocomposites showed a percolation behavior as rGO content was increased from the 0.5 % to 1.5 % (σ increased drastically with the increase of rGO content). The percolation threshold was approximately 0.0045, (i.e., 0.75 w/w % of rGO). The average critical exponent (t) related to the percolation theory was 1.49 ± 0.19 which is well within the expected range 1< t < 2. According to impedance studies, the electrical impedance of GO/PBAT composites decreased with the increasing rGO content, which agreed well with the behavior of the electrical conductivity investigated previously. The same equivalent circuit was shown by each composite except the values for constant phase element CPE and resistor R; the equivalent electrical circuit was a parallel combination of CPE and R. The dielectric analysis of the composites indicated that dielectric parameters ϵ”, ϵ’ and dissipation factor increased significantly with increasing rGO content. The tensile strength of the composites was better than that of neat PBAT up to 1.5 % of rGO loading and decreased on further increasing of rGO. However, their tensile strain at break decreased with increasing rGO content. The results indicated that PBAT/rGO polymer composite is promising candidate for various electronic applications.
本研究的重点是评估氧化石墨烯/聚己二酸丁二酯(PBAT)纳米复合材料的导电和拉伸性能，该复合材料有望用于需要生物降解的电子应用。这项研究也被认为是有价值的，因为迄今为止在这方面所做的工作很少。PBAT是一种广泛应用于各种应用的可生物降解聚合物，因此被专门选择用于研究。采用溶剂浇铸法制备rGO/PBAT纳米复合材料，将rGO分散在PBAT溶液中，通过超声波将溶剂组分蒸发。当rGO含量从0.5%增加到1.5%时，rGO/PBAT纳米复合材料的电导率(σ)表现出渗透行为(σ随着rGO含量的增加而急剧增加)。渗透阈值约为0.0045(即0.75 w/w %的rGO)。与渗流理论相关的平均临界指数(t)为1.49±0.19，完全在1< t < 2的预期范围内。阻抗研究表明，氧化石墨烯/PBAT复合材料的电阻抗随氧化石墨烯含量的增加而降低，这与之前研究的导电行为一致。除了恒相元件CPE和电阻器R的值不同外，每个复合电路都显示出相同的等效电路;等效电路为CPE和r的并联组合。复合材料的介电分析表明，随着rGO含量的增加，介电参数ε "、ε '和耗散因子显著增加。当rGO含量为1.5%时，复合材料的拉伸强度优于纯PBAT，但随rGO含量的增加而降低。但随着还原氧化石墨烯含量的增加，断裂时的拉伸应变减小。结果表明，PBAT/rGO聚合物复合材料具有广泛的电子应用前景。
{"title":"Evaluation of Conducting and Tensile Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide/ Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (Rgo/Pbat) Nanocomposites","authors":"L. Nayanajith, R. D. De Silva, S. R. R. S. R. Rosa, I. Kottegoda","doi":"10.13005/msri/190103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/msri/190103","url":null,"abstract":"This study was focused on evaluation of conducting and tensile properties of rGO/ Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) nanocomposite intended to use in electronic applications which require biodegradability. This study was also considered to be worthwhile since very little work has been done in this regard so far. PBAT was specifically selected for the study as it is an extensively used biodegradable polymer for variety of applications. The solvent casting method was employed to prepare rGO/PBAT nanocomposites where rGO was dispersed in a solution of PBAT by ultrasonication followed by evaporation of the solvent components. Electrical conductivity (σ) of rGO/PBAT nanocomposites showed a percolation behavior as rGO content was increased from the 0.5 % to 1.5 % (σ increased drastically with the increase of rGO content). The percolation threshold was approximately 0.0045, (i.e., 0.75 w/w % of rGO). The average critical exponent (t) related to the percolation theory was 1.49 ± 0.19 which is well within the expected range 1< t < 2. According to impedance studies, the electrical impedance of GO/PBAT composites decreased with the increasing rGO content, which agreed well with the behavior of the electrical conductivity investigated previously. The same equivalent circuit was shown by each composite except the values for constant phase element CPE and resistor R; the equivalent electrical circuit was a parallel combination of CPE and R. The dielectric analysis of the composites indicated that dielectric parameters ϵ”, ϵ’ and dissipation factor increased significantly with increasing rGO content. The tensile strength of the composites was better than that of neat PBAT up to 1.5 % of rGO loading and decreased on further increasing of rGO. However, their tensile strain at break decreased with increasing rGO content. The results indicated that PBAT/rGO polymer composite is promising candidate for various electronic applications.","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90157518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mulveer Singh, S. Murugavel, R. Chandrasekaran, R. Kant
The nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds play a very important role in defining their biological and pharmacological properties. Two such important compounds having known crystal structure, viz. 5-Methoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-thione (M1) and 4, 5- Dimethylbenzimidazolene-2-thione (M2), have been investigated for their optimal molecular geometry, atomic Mulliken charges, molecule electrostatic potential, HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital)-LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), and associated molecular characteristics using DFT (density functional theory). The optimized geometry of (M1) and (M2), slightly deviates from the X-ray structure. The N-H...S and N-H...O hydrogen bonding contribute to the Hirshfeld surface in the molecular structure M1 [24.2 % and 7.1 % of the overall contribution, respectively] while the N-H...S hydrogen bonding contribution is 25.4% in M2. The crystal void analysis has also been reported, besides the energy frameworks built using distinct intermolecular interaction energies. The computational antibacterial activity of both structures has been analyzed in silico with Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial protein (PDB ID: 4EJV). The results indicate that M1 and M2 possess higher binding energy with more interactions as compared to the standard drug chloramphenicol with receptor complex and this observation leads us to the state that these two derivatives could be the potential candidates for the antibacterial drug development process. KEYWORDS: Crystal voids; Density Functional Theory; Hirshfeld surface; Interaction energy; Mulliken charges; Molecular orbital energy; Molecular docking
{"title":"Optimized Structure, in Silico interaction and Molecular Docking Analysis of Two Benzimidazole-2-Thione Derivatives","authors":"Mulveer Singh, S. Murugavel, R. Chandrasekaran, R. Kant","doi":"10.13005/msri/190101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/msri/190101","url":null,"abstract":"The nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds play a very important role in defining their biological and pharmacological properties. Two such important compounds having known crystal structure, viz. 5-Methoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-thione (M1) and 4, 5- Dimethylbenzimidazolene-2-thione (M2), have been investigated for their optimal molecular geometry, atomic Mulliken charges, molecule electrostatic potential, HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital)-LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), and associated molecular characteristics using DFT (density functional theory). The optimized geometry of (M1) and (M2), slightly deviates from the X-ray structure. The N-H...S and N-H...O hydrogen bonding contribute to the Hirshfeld surface in the molecular structure M1 [24.2 % and 7.1 % of the overall contribution, respectively] while the N-H...S hydrogen bonding contribution is 25.4% in M2. The crystal void analysis has also been reported, besides the energy frameworks built using distinct intermolecular interaction energies. The computational antibacterial activity of both structures has been analyzed in silico with Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial protein (PDB ID: 4EJV). The results indicate that M1 and M2 possess higher binding energy with more interactions as compared to the standard drug chloramphenicol with receptor complex and this observation leads us to the state that these two derivatives could be the potential candidates for the antibacterial drug development process. KEYWORDS: Crystal voids; Density Functional Theory; Hirshfeld surface; Interaction energy; Mulliken charges; Molecular orbital energy; Molecular docking","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91531765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A high-quality, single-crystal ZnO nanorod thin film was successfully deposited onto p-type monocrystalline silicon (P-Si) substrates using an RF sputtering technique. An XRD analysis of ZnO nanorods was carried out to investigate crystallinity and aspect ratio of the deposited thin film. Adjusting deposition conditions makes it possible to grow single-crystalline ZnO nanorods with preferred orientations (002) on the substrate. More than the substrate type, crystal size is determined by single-crystal growth conditions. These sample had the exact. With the exception of a small variance at Raman shifts 414 cm-1, which correspond to E2. Raman spectra measurements with a slight variation at Raman shifts 414 cm-1, corresponding to E2 (high). In response to the compressive stress, the peak shifts upwards (blue dress). Data from FE-SEM shows vertical growth of hexagonal prism. Finally, the hall effect measurement and UV-vis spectroscopy were carried out the electrical and optical properties of the sample respectively.
{"title":"Single Crystalline Zinc Oxide Nanorods Grown by R-F Sputtering Technique Onto P-Si Substrate for Sensing Applications","authors":"A. I. A. A. I. Aljameel","doi":"10.13005/msri/190104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/msri/190104","url":null,"abstract":"A high-quality, single-crystal ZnO nanorod thin film was successfully deposited onto p-type monocrystalline silicon (P-Si) substrates using an RF sputtering technique. An XRD analysis of ZnO nanorods was carried out to investigate crystallinity and aspect ratio of the deposited thin film. Adjusting deposition conditions makes it possible to grow single-crystalline ZnO nanorods with preferred orientations (002) on the substrate. More than the substrate type, crystal size is determined by single-crystal growth conditions. These sample had the exact. With the exception of a small variance at Raman shifts 414 cm-1, which correspond to E2. Raman spectra measurements with a slight variation at Raman shifts 414 cm-1, corresponding to E2 (high). In response to the compressive stress, the peak shifts upwards (blue dress). Data from FE-SEM shows vertical growth of hexagonal prism. Finally, the hall effect measurement and UV-vis spectroscopy were carried out the electrical and optical properties of the sample respectively.","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87781733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fehaid, Sara T. Elazab, Mona G. Elhadidy, E. E. El Nashar, A. Abdalla, K. Al-Khater, M. A. Alghamdi, Mahmoud M. Elalfy
Silver nanoparticles have been shown to increase postnatal toxicity in breastfeeding female rats, with negative consequences for their offspring. We wanted to investigate more about the differences in toxicity between silver nitrates and silver nanoparticles, as well as the impact of zinc chloride treatment on the silver nitrates induced toxicity on female albino rats. For 21 days, breastfeeding female albino rats and their puppies were exposed to silver nitrates at dosages of 0, 50, and 100 mg/kg. The results demonstrated that silver nitrates were more hazardous than nano-silver, as evidenced by higher free radical release, increased MDA levels, and decreased antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD). In addition, the silver ions-treated group had higher levels of liver enzymes and creatinine. Zinc chloride treatment, in particular, had a protective impact and mitigated the negative effects of silver nitrates, as seen by the restoration of baseline levels of liver enzyme, creatinine, and antioxidant enzyme. In addition, zinc chloride therapies reduced the harmful effects of silver nitrates on liver and kidney tissues but not lung tissue.
{"title":"Zinc Chloride Ameliorates the Adverse Effects of Silver Nitrates Compared to Silver Nanoparticle in Post-Natal Model of Toxicity.","authors":"A. Fehaid, Sara T. Elazab, Mona G. Elhadidy, E. E. El Nashar, A. Abdalla, K. Al-Khater, M. A. Alghamdi, Mahmoud M. Elalfy","doi":"10.13005/msri/190102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/msri/190102","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nanoparticles have been shown to increase postnatal toxicity in breastfeeding female rats, with negative consequences for their offspring. We wanted to investigate more about the differences in toxicity between silver nitrates and silver nanoparticles, as well as the impact of zinc chloride treatment on the silver nitrates induced toxicity on female albino rats. For 21 days, breastfeeding female albino rats and their puppies were exposed to silver nitrates at dosages of 0, 50, and 100 mg/kg. The results demonstrated that silver nitrates were more hazardous than nano-silver, as evidenced by higher free radical release, increased MDA levels, and decreased antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD). In addition, the silver ions-treated group had higher levels of liver enzymes and creatinine. Zinc chloride treatment, in particular, had a protective impact and mitigated the negative effects of silver nitrates, as seen by the restoration of baseline levels of liver enzyme, creatinine, and antioxidant enzyme. In addition, zinc chloride therapies reduced the harmful effects of silver nitrates on liver and kidney tissues but not lung tissue.","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90989860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asanthi Ireshika Rukshani Wickramasuriya, Ruwan Chandima Wickramasinghe Arachchige, I. Kottegoda
Hardness in drinking water is a major problem in domestic usage. It is important to use drinking water within the tolerance limits of hardness. Clay samples obtained from two different areas in Sri Lanka were analysed, modified, and optimized with a view to suppress the hardness in drinking water. Characterization of clay was carried out using XRD (X-ray diffraction spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy), and SEM (Scanning electron microscope). Variation of the adsorption capacity of clay was analysed at different firing temperatures of the clay samples. XRD analysis revealed that both clay types are consisting of Kaolinite as the main constituent. The hardness adsorption efficiency and the retention of hardness adsorption in prolonged cycles has been observed when the clay is heated at different temperatures. In addition, the water hardness adsorption efficiency was enhanced by the cationic modification using sodium chloride. The results further reveals that the Freundlich isotherm is best fit for Ca2+ adsorption on both Biyagama and Deniyaya clay whereas that for the Mg2+ adsorption is Langmuir isotherm. The present study is useful to develop low-cost clay-based materials to minimize water hardness.
{"title":"Characterization and Modification of Clay for Removal of Drinking Water Hardness","authors":"Asanthi Ireshika Rukshani Wickramasuriya, Ruwan Chandima Wickramasinghe Arachchige, I. Kottegoda","doi":"10.13005/msri/180307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/msri/180307","url":null,"abstract":"Hardness in drinking water is a major problem in domestic usage. It is important to use drinking water within the tolerance limits of hardness. Clay samples obtained from two different areas in Sri Lanka were analysed, modified, and optimized with a view to suppress the hardness in drinking water. Characterization of clay was carried out using XRD (X-ray diffraction spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy), and SEM (Scanning electron microscope). Variation of the adsorption capacity of clay was analysed at different firing temperatures of the clay samples. XRD analysis revealed that both clay types are consisting of Kaolinite as the main constituent. The hardness adsorption efficiency and the retention of hardness adsorption in prolonged cycles has been observed when the clay is heated at different temperatures. In addition, the water hardness adsorption efficiency was enhanced by the cationic modification using sodium chloride. The results further reveals that the Freundlich isotherm is best fit for Ca2+ adsorption on both Biyagama and Deniyaya clay whereas that for the Mg2+ adsorption is Langmuir isotherm. The present study is useful to develop low-cost clay-based materials to minimize water hardness.","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73696061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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