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Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Low-Temperature Diffusion Bonded Mo/SS304 Joints Using Ni xCu 1-x Interlayers Ni xCu 1-x夹层Mo/SS304低温扩散连接接头的微观组织和力学行为
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3834115
Ming-yong Jia, Fei Chen, Lei Zhang, Zhifeng Huang, Q. Shen
To join dissimilar metals with large differences in characteristics, such as molybdenum (Mo) and stainless steels (SS), is essential to take full advantage of their combined performances. In this work, Mo and SS304 have been jointed with Ni interlayer by using a diffusion bonding technique at different bonding temperatures. The results show that a MoNi brittle intermetallic compound is easy to form in the interface of the Mo/SS304 joint with increasing the bonding temperature, which will reduce the shear strength of the joint because a crack is easy to form between Mo and the intermetallic compounds. Meanwhile, Mo/SS304 joints have also been prepared by using NixCu1-x (x=0.45, 0.24, or 0) as an interlayer. The result shows that reducing Ni content can avoid the formation of intermetallic compounds, and the fracture occurs between the interlayer and Mo diffusion zone far away from the Mo side. This work shows that the fracture properties of the Mo/SS304 joint can be modified by changing the composition of the interlayer. The best shear strength of the Mo/SS304 joint is 140 MPa. This work is important for providing an effective approach to join Mo and SS304 using a low-temperature diffusion bonding method.
为了充分利用它们的综合性能,将具有很大特性差异的不同金属,如钼(Mo)和不锈钢(SS)连接起来是必不可少的。本文采用扩散键合技术,在不同的键合温度下,将Mo和SS304与Ni中间层进行了连接。结果表明:随着结合温度的升高,Mo/SS304接头界面容易形成MoNi脆性金属间化合物,Mo与金属间化合物之间容易形成裂纹,从而降低了接头的抗剪强度;同时,还采用NixCu1-x (x=0.45, 0.24,或0)作为中间层制备了Mo/SS304接头。结果表明,降低Ni含量可以避免金属间化合物的形成,断裂发生在层间和远离Mo一侧的Mo扩散区之间。研究表明,通过改变中间层的组成可以改变Mo/SS304接头的断裂性能。Mo/SS304接头的最佳抗剪强度为140 MPa。这项工作对于提供一种低温扩散连接Mo和SS304的有效方法具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 1
An Improved Fault Current Calculation Method and Protection Scheme of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator 改进的双馈感应发电机故障电流计算方法及保护方案
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3873132
Jun Yin
Abstract Existing research on Doubly fed Induction Generator (DFIG) short-circuit current studies are based on hypothesis the rotor current is zero when the Crowbar is input after the fault, which ignores the impact of rotor current attenuation process. It would bring the error to the calculation results. To solve this problem, on the basis of analyzing variation process of DFIG’s transient equivalent potential and the influence of rotor current attenuation process, the flux is calculated accurately. An accurate calculation equivalent model for DFIG short-circuit current is proposed. With the RTDS, an experiment platform with physical controller of converter is founded, the proposed model is validated. The effect of short circuit current to wind farms transmission line is studied, and an improved protection scheme is put forward.
现有的双馈感应发电机(DFIG)短路电流研究都是基于故障后输入铁棒时转子电流为零的假设,忽略了转子电流衰减过程的影响。这会给计算结果带来误差。为解决这一问题,在分析DFIG暂态等效电势变化过程和转子电流衰减过程影响的基础上,精确计算了磁通。提出了一种精确的DFIG短路电流计算等效模型。利用RTDS建立了具有变换器物理控制器的实验平台,并对模型进行了验证。研究了短路电流对风电场输电线路的影响,提出了改进的保护方案。
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引用次数: 2
A Dual-Tunable Ultra-Broadband Terahertz Absorber Based on Graphene and Strontium Titanate 基于石墨烯和钛酸锶的双可调谐超宽带太赫兹吸收体
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3927081
Jiali Wu, Xin Yan, X. Yuan, Yang'an Zhang, Xia Zhang
An electrically and thermally dual-tunable broadband terahertz absorber based on graphene and strontium titanate is designed and analyzed. The results show that by lifting the Fermi energy of graphene, the absorption, particularly at higher frequencies, is significantly enhanced, resulting in a broader absorption bandwidth. By raising the temperature of strontium titanate, the center absorption frequency shifts to higher frequency and the bandwidth increases. At a Fermi energy of 1 eV and temperature of 400 K, the device exhibits an ultra-broad bandwidth of 3.36 THz and remarkable peak absorption exceeding 99%. Moreover, the absorber is insensitive to incident angles, maintaining a stable broad-bandwidth beyond 3.3 THz within a large incident angle of 55° and 50° for TE and TM polarizations, respectively. The physical mechanisms are elucidated by the impedance matching theory and electric field analyses. The structure shows great potential in tunable broadband terahertz absorbers and related applications.
设计并分析了一种基于石墨烯和钛酸锶的电和热双可调谐宽带太赫兹吸收体。结果表明,通过提高石墨烯的费米能量,石墨烯的吸收,特别是在更高的频率,显著增强,导致更宽的吸收带宽。随着钛酸锶温度的升高,中心吸收频率向高频偏移,带宽增大。在费米能量为1 eV、温度为400 K的条件下,器件显示出3.36 THz的超宽带带宽和超过99%的显著峰吸收。此外,吸收器对入射角不敏感,在TE和TM极化55°和50°的大入射角范围内,分别保持3.3 THz以上的稳定宽带。通过阻抗匹配理论和电场分析对其物理机理进行了阐述。该结构在可调谐宽带太赫兹吸收器及其相关应用中显示出巨大的潜力。
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引用次数: 10
Hydrogen Concentration and Hydrides in Zircaloy-4 During Cyclic Thermomechanical Loading 循环热机械加载过程中锆合金-4中的氢浓度和氢化物
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3828268
Yang Liu, Said El Chamaa, M. Wenman, C. Davies, F. Dunne
Hydride formation in zircaloy-4 under cyclic thermomechanical loading has been investigated using characterized notched beam samples in four-point beam testing, and microstructurally-representative crystal plasticity modelling of the beam tests which incorporates an atomistically-informed thermodynamically-equilibrium model for hydrogen concentration. The model provided the locations within the microstructure of high hydrogen content, above that required for saturation, hence predicting the anticipated locations of hydride observations in the experiments. The strain rate sensitivity of this alloy over the temperature range considered led to considerable intragranular slip and corresponding stress redistribution, and cyclic strain ratcheting leading to high hydrostatic stresses and in turn hydrogen concentrations, which explains the locations of experimentally observed hydride formation. The interstitial hydrogen interaction energy as well as the intragranular geometrically necessary dislocation density were shown to be important in controlling the spatial distributions of observed hydrides.
在循环热力学载荷下,利用四点梁测试中的特征缺口梁样品研究了锆合金-4中的氢化物形成,并对梁测试的微结构代表性晶体塑性建模进行了研究,该模型包含了氢浓度的原子动态热力学平衡模型。该模型提供了微观结构内高氢含量的位置,高于饱和所需的位置,从而预测了实验中氢化物观测的预期位置。该合金在考虑的温度范围内的应变速率敏感性导致了相当大的晶内滑移和相应的应力重新分布,循环应变棘轮导致高静水应力和氢浓度,这解释了实验观察到的氢化物形成的位置。间隙氢相互作用能和晶内几何上必需的位错密度对控制观察到的氢化物的空间分布很重要。
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引用次数: 8
Flaw-Insensitive Fracture of a Micrometer-Sized Brittle Metallic Glass 微米级脆性金属玻璃的缺陷不敏感断裂
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3848993
R. Qu, R. Maaß, Zengqian Liu, D. Tönnies, L. Tian, R. Ritchie, Zhefeng Zhang, C. Volkert
Brittle materials, such as oxide glasses, are usually very sensitive to flaws, giving rise to a macroscopic fracture strength that is much lower than that predicted by theory. The same applies to metallic glasses (MGs), with the important difference that these glasses can exhibit certain plastic strain prior to catas- trophic failure. Here we consider the strongest metallic alloy known, a ternary Co 55 Ta 10 B 35 MG. We show that this macroscopically brittle glass is flaw-insensitive at the micrometer scale. This discovery emerges when testing pre-cracked specimens with self-similar geometries, where the fracture stress does not de- crease with increasing pre-crack size. The fracture toughness of this ultra-strong glassy alloy is further shown to increase with increasing sample size. Both these findings deviate from our classical under- standing of fracture mechanics, and are attributed to a transition from toughness-controlled to strength- controlled fracture below a critical sample size.
脆性材料,如氧化玻璃,通常对缺陷非常敏感,导致其宏观断裂强度远低于理论预测。这同样适用于金属玻璃(mg),重要的区别是,这些玻璃在失营养衰竭之前可以表现出一定的塑性应变。这里我们考虑已知最强的金属合金,三元Co 55 Ta 10 B 35 MG。我们证明了这种宏观脆性玻璃在微米尺度上是缺陷不敏感的。这一发现出现在测试具有自相似几何形状的预裂试样时,其中断裂应力不会随着预裂尺寸的增加而减小。该合金的断裂韧性随试样尺寸的增大而增大。这两个发现都偏离了我们对断裂力学的经典理解,并归因于临界样本量以下从韧性控制断裂到强度控制断裂的转变。
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引用次数: 18
Installation of Assembly Line in Most Economic Manner in Industry 以最经济的方式安装工业装配线
Pub Date : 2021-08-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3911368
Kaushal Ahirwar
An assembly line is a production process that divides labour by breaking up the manufacture of a product into steps that are completed in a pre-defined sequence Assembly lines were used in the late 1800s when workers used pulley systems to move products from one station to the next Henry Ford created the first moving assembly line, combining Olds' idea with conveyor belts, to mass-produce the Model T in 1913. The modern assembly line is used in many different industries, increasing output, cutting down costs, and boosting profits.
装配线是一种生产过程,它通过将产品的生产分解为按预先定义的顺序完成的步骤来划分劳动力。装配线在19世纪后期被使用,当时工人使用滑轮系统将产品从一个站点移动到另一个站点。亨利福特创造了第一条移动装配线,将奥尔兹的想法与传送带结合起来,于1913年批量生产了T型车。现代装配线应用于许多不同的行业,提高了产量,降低了成本,增加了利润。
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引用次数: 0
Shading module with buckling as driver for shape morphing 着色模块与屈曲作为驱动形状变形
Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3881757
M. Khezri, K. Rasmussen
The recent requirements in construction for lower energy consumption have accelerated the trend towards the use of high performance buildings. In these Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB), simple measures such as natural light control are practiced for maximising the light intake and minimising the heat gain, as required. These modern building envelopes interact with the external environment and are designed to respond to occupant demand, achieving the target energy efficiency and comfort needs. In these kinetic façades, shape morphing triggered by buckling is targeted for energy-saving structural applications. Among the structural forms that are suitable for such applications are thin plates, which are prone to buckling under small in-plane strains. This study presents a novel concept with application in shading control modules. In the proposed models, buckling of slender plates are configured to create a bistable mechanism with closed and open states. The proposed mechanism is simulated using finite element software to validate the feasibility of the core concept and to evaluate buckling as a reliable mechanism in kinetic façade control modules.
最近建筑对低能耗的要求加速了使用高性能建筑的趋势。在这些“接近零能耗建筑”(NZEB)中,我们根据需要采取了一些简单的措施,如自然光控制,以最大限度地增加采光和减少热量的增加。这些现代建筑围护结构与外部环境相互作用,旨在响应居住者的需求,实现目标能源效率和舒适度需求。在这些动力学方面,屈曲引发的形状变形是节能结构应用的目标。适合这种应用的结构形式是薄板,在小的面内应变下容易屈曲。本研究提出了一种应用于遮光控制模块的新概念。在所提出的模型中,细长板的屈曲被配置成具有闭合和打开状态的双稳态机构。利用有限元软件对所提出的机制进行了仿真,以验证核心概念的可行性,并评估屈曲作为动力farade控制模块中的可靠机制。
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引用次数: 2
Analysis of Cutting Forces During Grinding of Titanium Alloy and Corrosion-Resistant Steel by Diamond, Electrocorundum and Cubic Borine Nitrid Wheels 金刚石、电刚玉和立方硼氮轮磨削钛合金和耐蚀钢的切削力分析
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2021.235421
V. Lebedev, T. Chumachenko, A. Bespalova, T. Nikolaeva, Y. Omelchenko
The object of research is the process of circular and surface grinding of titanium alloy and corrosion-resistant steel, namely, the cutting forces arising from mechanical processing. One of the most problematic areas in work is the selection of the required grinding modes, material and grinding wheel grain size.

In the course of the experiment, we used samples of VT8 titanium alloy and 12Х18N9T steel, on which the grinding process was studied with wheels made of various materials (electrocorundum, cubic boron nitride (CBN), diamond). The values of the cutting forces Py and Pz were obtained in the latitude of permissible modes, which are most often used in circular and flat grinding, and can reach maximum values, respectively, Py=27 N, Pz=15.5 N. The data were obtained at a low wheel speed from electrocorundum, about 15 m/s and grain size 8. By reducing the grain size of the wheel, we get the effect of increasing the energy consumption of the grinding process, due to the increase in the values of the cutting forces. If we compare the cutting forces arising from grinding with different wheels, then the following can be noted. Compared to electrocorundum wheels, when using CBN wheels, the cutting forces are reduced by 20–25 %, and when grinding with diamond wheels (despite the high wear of the diamond wheel), the effect of cutting forces is reduced by 25–30 %. This is due to the fact that cutting conditions are the most favorable for diamond and CBN grains, which makes it possible to use more intense cutting conditions.

The results of the study allow predicting the performance of the grinding wheel, reducing the energy consumption of production, and also adjusting the processing mode of the part to obtain the necessary quality indicators of the surface layer and the geometric dimensions of the part.
研究对象是钛合金和耐蚀钢的圆磨和面磨过程,即机械加工产生的切削力。工作中最棘手的问题之一是选择所需的磨削方式、材料和砂轮粒度。在实验过程中,我们以VT8钛合金和12Х18N9T钢为样品,对不同材料(电刚玉、立方氮化硼(CBN)、金刚石)的砂轮进行磨削过程研究。切削力Py和Pz的取值在圆磨和平磨中最常用的允许模态纬度上,分别可以达到最大值Py=27 N, Pz=15.5 N。数据是在低轮速下由电刚玉获得的,约为15 m/s,晶粒尺寸为8。通过减小砂轮的晶粒尺寸,由于切削力值的增加,我们得到了增加磨削过程能耗的效果。如果我们比较用不同的砂轮磨削所产生的切削力,那么可以注意到以下几点。与电刚玉砂轮相比,使用CBN砂轮时,切削力降低了20 - 25%,而使用金刚石砂轮磨削时(尽管金刚石砂轮磨损高),切削力的效果降低了25 - 30%。这是由于切削条件对金刚石和CBN晶粒最有利,这使得使用更强的切削条件成为可能。研究结果可以预测砂轮的性能,降低生产能耗,还可以调整零件的加工方式,以获得必要的表面层质量指标和零件的几何尺寸。
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引用次数: 0
A robust and efficient iterative strategy for nonlinear analysis of structures subjected to buckling 结构屈曲非线性分析的鲁棒高效迭代策略
Pub Date : 2021-06-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3868245
D. Magisano, F. Liguori, L. Leonetti, G. Garcea
The paper shows how to make the incremental-iterative solution significantly more efficient and robust in geometrically non-linear structural problems discretized via displacement-based finite element formulations. The main idea is to relax the constitutive equations at each integration point (IP) during the iterations. The converged solution remains unchanged while the iteration matrix is computed using independent IP stresses. This reduces the number of iterations to obtain convergence and allows very large steps in incremental analyses. The computational cost of each iteration is the same as the original Newton method. Importantly, the robustness of the iterative process is unaffected by high membraneto-flexural stiffness ratios as opposite to the standard Newton method.
本文展示了如何在基于位移的有限元公式离散的几何非线性结构问题中显著提高增量迭代解的效率和鲁棒性。其主要思想是在迭代过程中对各积分点的本构方程进行松弛。当使用独立的IP应力计算迭代矩阵时,收敛解保持不变。这减少了获得收敛的迭代次数,并允许在增量分析中进行非常大的步骤。每次迭代的计算量与原牛顿法相同。重要的是,与标准牛顿方法相反,迭代过程的鲁棒性不受高膜-弯曲刚度比的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Alternative complementary shear and transversal elongation modes in Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) for thin‐walled circular cross‐sections 适用于薄壁圆形截面的广义梁理论(GBT)中的互补剪切和横向伸长模式
Pub Date : 2021-06-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3868242
M. J. Bianco, A. Habtemariam, C. Könke, F. Tartaglione, V. Zabel
This paper presents alternative complementary shear and transversal elongation modes of Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) for thin-walled hollow circular cross-sections. It also compares them to the recent developments concerning membrane’s shear and transversal elongation. The main features of the alternative complementary modes are: i) despite of Poisson’s effect, each complementary mode is related to a clear membrane’s behavior: transversal elongation and shear deformation; ii) The coupling between these complementary modes is minimized, as well as the coupling between theses modes and the respective traditional GBT’s mode; iii) there is no coupling related to transversal stain energy either for membrane’s behavior, neither for plate’s behavior. To illustrate the presented alternative, complementary modes and its limitations, a detailed example applied in a short and deep pipe is carried out and its final results are compared not only with a full shell element model, but also with the recent developments in GBT.
本文提出了适用于薄壁空心圆截面的广义梁理论(GBT)的互补剪切模式和横向伸长模式。它也比较了他们最近的发展有关膜的剪切和横向伸长。替代互补模态的主要特征是:1)尽管存在泊松效应,但每个互补模态都与透明膜的行为有关:横向伸长和剪切变形;ii)这些互补模式之间的耦合最小化,以及这些模式与各自传统GBT模式之间的耦合最小化;Iii)无论是膜的行为还是板的行为,都不存在与横向染色能相关的耦合。为了说明所提出的替代、互补模型及其局限性,在短深管中进行了详细的算例,并将其最终结果与全壳单元模型以及GBT的最新进展进行了比较。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)
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