C. A. Lahr, Marietta Landgraf, Alvaro Sanchez-Herrero, Hoang Phuc Dang, F. Wagner, Onur Bas, L. Bray, P. Tran, B. Holzapfel, A. Shafiee, J. McGovern, D. Hutmacher
In this study we developed and validated a 3D-printed drug delivery system (3DPDDS) to 1) improve local treatment efficacy of commonly applied chemotherapeutic agents in bone cancers to ultimately decrease their systemic side effects and 2) explore its concomitant diagnostic potential. Thus, we locally applied 3D-printed medical-grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) scaffolds loaded with Doxorubicin (DOX) and measured its effect in a humanized primary bone cancer model. A bioengineered species-sensitive orthotopic humanized bone niche was established at the femur of NOD-SCID IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice. After 6 weeks of in vivo maturation into a humanized ossicle, Luc-SAOS-2 cells were injected orthotopically to induce local growth of osteosarcoma (OS). After 16 weeks of OS development, a biopsy-like defect was created within the tumor tissue to locally implant the 3DPDDS with 3 different DOX loading doses into the defect zone. Histo- and morphological analysis demonstrated a typical invasive OS growth pattern inside a functionally intact humanized ossicle as well as metastatic spread to the murine lung parenchyma. Analysis of the 3DPDDS revealed the implants' ability to inhibit tumor infiltration and showed local tumor cell death adjacent to the scaffolds without any systemic side effects. Together these results indicate a therapeutic and diagnostic capacity of 3DPDDS in an orthotopic humanized OS tumor model.
在这项研究中，我们开发并验证了一种3d打印药物传递系统(3DPDDS)，以1)提高骨癌常用化疗药物的局部治疗效果，最终减少其全身副作用;2)探索其伴随的诊断潜力。因此，我们局部应用装载阿霉素(DOX)的3d打印医用级聚己内酯(mPCL)支架，并测量其在人源原发性骨癌模型中的效果。在NOD-SCID il - 2r - γ缺失(NSG)小鼠股骨上建立了生物工程物种敏感的原位人源化骨生态位。在体内成熟成人源小骨6周后，原位注射Luc-SAOS-2细胞诱导骨肉瘤(OS)局部生长。术后16周，在肿瘤组织内形成活检样缺损，将3种不同DOX负荷剂量的3DPDDS局部植入缺损区。组织和形态学分析表明，在功能完整的人源小骨内，典型的侵袭性骨肉瘤生长模式以及转移扩散到小鼠肺实质。对3DPDDS的分析显示，植入物具有抑制肿瘤浸润的能力，并显示支架附近的局部肿瘤细胞死亡，无任何全身副作用。总之，这些结果表明3DPDDS在原位人源化OS肿瘤模型中的治疗和诊断能力。
{"title":"A 3D-Printed Biomaterials-Based Platform to Advance Established Therapy Avenues Against Primary Bone Cancers","authors":"C. A. Lahr, Marietta Landgraf, Alvaro Sanchez-Herrero, Hoang Phuc Dang, F. Wagner, Onur Bas, L. Bray, P. Tran, B. Holzapfel, A. Shafiee, J. McGovern, D. Hutmacher","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3632518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3632518","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we developed and validated a 3D-printed drug delivery system (3DPDDS) to 1) improve local treatment efficacy of commonly applied chemotherapeutic agents in bone cancers to ultimately decrease their systemic side effects and 2) explore its concomitant diagnostic potential. Thus, we locally applied 3D-printed medical-grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) scaffolds loaded with Doxorubicin (DOX) and measured its effect in a humanized primary bone cancer model. A bioengineered species-sensitive orthotopic humanized bone niche was established at the femur of NOD-SCID IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice. After 6 weeks of in vivo maturation into a humanized ossicle, Luc-SAOS-2 cells were injected orthotopically to induce local growth of osteosarcoma (OS). After 16 weeks of OS development, a biopsy-like defect was created within the tumor tissue to locally implant the 3DPDDS with 3 different DOX loading doses into the defect zone. Histo- and morphological analysis demonstrated a typical invasive OS growth pattern inside a functionally intact humanized ossicle as well as metastatic spread to the murine lung parenchyma. Analysis of the 3DPDDS revealed the implants' ability to inhibit tumor infiltration and showed local tumor cell death adjacent to the scaffolds without any systemic side effects. Together these results indicate a therapeutic and diagnostic capacity of 3DPDDS in an orthotopic humanized OS tumor model.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89909893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. D. Olinares, J. Kang, E. Llewellyn, C. Chiu, James Chen, B. Malone, R. Saecker, E. Campbell, S. Darst, B. Chait
Recent advances in single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have enabled the structural determination of numerous protein assemblies at high resolution, yielding unprecedented insights into their function. However, despite its extraordinary capabilities, cryo-EM remains time-consuming and resource-intensive. It is therefore beneficial to have a means for rapidly assessing and optimizing the quality of samples prior to lengthy cryo-EM analyses. To do this, we have developed a native mass spectrometry (nMS) platform that provides rapid feedback on sample quality and highly streamlined biochemical screening. Because nMS enables accurate mass analysis of protein complexes, it is well suited to routine evaluation of the composition, integrity, and homogeneity of samples prior to their plunge-freezing on EM grids. We demonstrate the utility of our nMS-based platform for facilitating cryo-EM studies using structural characterizations of exemplar bacterial transcription complexes as well as the replication-transcription assembly from the SARS-CoV-2 virus that is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Native Mass Spectrometry-Based Screening for Optimal Sample Preparation in Single Particle Cryo-EM","authors":"P. D. Olinares, J. Kang, E. Llewellyn, C. Chiu, James Chen, B. Malone, R. Saecker, E. Campbell, S. Darst, B. Chait","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3689208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3689208","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have enabled the structural determination of numerous protein assemblies at high resolution, yielding unprecedented insights into their function. However, despite its extraordinary capabilities, cryo-EM remains time-consuming and resource-intensive. It is therefore beneficial to have a means for rapidly assessing and optimizing the quality of samples prior to lengthy cryo-EM analyses. To do this, we have developed a native mass spectrometry (nMS) platform that provides rapid feedback on sample quality and highly streamlined biochemical screening. Because nMS enables accurate mass analysis of protein complexes, it is well suited to routine evaluation of the composition, integrity, and homogeneity of samples prior to their plunge-freezing on EM grids. We demonstrate the utility of our nMS-based platform for facilitating cryo-EM studies using structural characterizations of exemplar bacterial transcription complexes as well as the replication-transcription assembly from the SARS-CoV-2 virus that is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82444214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Janakiram, P. S. Phani, G. Ummethala, S. Malladi, J. Gautam, L. Kestens
Abstract This work unravels structure-property correlations at the micrometer length scale during recovery and early recrystallization of a cold rolled high strength steel comprised of ferrite and pearlite. High resolution nano-indention mapping is used to measure the hardness of ferrite, pearlite and the transition zone between them, which correlates well with the local microstructure obtained from scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A clustering algorithm is used to determine the properties of the constituent microstructural features. The variation in the hardness of the phases with annealing temperature agrees well with the dislocation activity observed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and a simple mechanism to reconcile the observations is presented.
{"title":"New Insights on Recovery and Early Recrystallization of Ferrite-Pearlite Banded Cold Rolled High Strength Steels by High Speed Nanoindentation Mapping","authors":"S. Janakiram, P. S. Phani, G. Ummethala, S. Malladi, J. Gautam, L. Kestens","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3692027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3692027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work unravels structure-property correlations at the micrometer length scale during recovery and early recrystallization of a cold rolled high strength steel comprised of ferrite and pearlite. High resolution nano-indention mapping is used to measure the hardness of ferrite, pearlite and the transition zone between them, which correlates well with the local microstructure obtained from scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A clustering algorithm is used to determine the properties of the constituent microstructural features. The variation in the hardness of the phases with annealing temperature agrees well with the dislocation activity observed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and a simple mechanism to reconcile the observations is presented.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88080399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-05DOI: 10.5121/ijcsit.2020.12502
Filip Popovski, Nikola Spasov, Svetlana Mijakovska, G. Nalevska
Creating 3D vehicle model is complex process that requires basic knowledge of polygonal modeling. In this research, environment map is used as lighting with HDRI image. The final process of converting 3D scene to 2D image is called rendering. Image data will be obtained in four ways with various toolsets used in 3ds Max. They are: Scaneline, V-Ray, Mental Ray and Corona Renderer. At final step was made critical analysis on all of these techniques on the same computer system and excellent results were obtained.
{"title":"Comparison of Rendering Processes on 3D Model","authors":"Filip Popovski, Nikola Spasov, Svetlana Mijakovska, G. Nalevska","doi":"10.5121/ijcsit.2020.12502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijcsit.2020.12502","url":null,"abstract":"Creating 3D vehicle model is complex process that requires basic knowledge of polygonal modeling. In this research, environment map is used as lighting with HDRI image. The final process of converting 3D scene to 2D image is called rendering. Image data will be obtained in four ways with various toolsets used in 3ds Max. They are: Scaneline, V-Ray, Mental Ray and Corona Renderer. At final step was made critical analysis on all of these techniques on the same computer system and excellent results were obtained.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82357351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We developed a fabrication method of thin metal matrix composite films reinforced with ceramic nanoparticles. To this end, we deposited a 20 nm Ni / ultrathin Cr-oxide layer / 20 nm Ni tri-layer on a sapphire substrate, and annealed the sample at the temperature of 700°C. We found that after annealing for 10 min the Cr-oxide layer agglomerates into single- or bi-crystalline faceted Cr2O3 nanoparticles, with the orientation relationship of ( 11 1 ¯ ) N i ∥ ( 0006 ) C r 2 O 3 and [ 112 ] N i ∥ [ 1 2 ¯ 10 ] C r 2 O 3 to the Ni matrix. We encountered a surprising vertical spread of the centers of mass of the Cr-oxide particles with respect to the initial position of the Cr-oxide layer. We developed a kinetic model of the evolution of particles shape and of their vertical drift, which enabled an estimate of the effective diffusion coefficient of the Ni-Cr2O3 interface ( D i = 7.4 · 10 − 19 m 2 s ). Though much slower than grain boundary diffusion in Ni, this interface diffusion enables fast transformation of ultra-thin Cr-oxide layer into an array of isolated Cr2O3nanoparticles embedded in the Ni film. The insight into the kinetics of the system obtained in the present work paves the way for the design of particle reinforcement of thin metal films with a precise control over the spatial positions of the particles.
研究了一种陶瓷纳米颗粒增强金属基复合薄膜的制备方法。为此，我们在蓝宝石衬底上沉积了20nm Ni /超薄cr -氧化物层/ 20nm Ni三层，并在700℃的温度下退火样品。研究发现，退火10 min后，cr -氧化物层团聚成单晶或双晶切面Cr2O3纳米颗粒，其取向关系为(11¯)Ni∥(0006)Cr2O3和[112]Ni∥[12¯10]Cr2O3与Ni基体的取向关系为(11¯)Ni∥(0006)Cr2O3。我们发现，相对于氧化铬层的初始位置，氧化铬颗粒的质心出现了令人惊讶的垂直扩散。我们建立了颗粒形状演变及其垂直漂移的动力学模型，从而可以估计Ni-Cr2O3界面的有效扩散系数(d1 = 7.4·10−19 m 2 s)。虽然比Ni中的晶界扩散慢得多，但这种界面扩散使超薄cr -氧化物层快速转变为嵌入Ni膜中的孤立的cr2o3纳米颗粒阵列。在本工作中获得的对系统动力学的深入了解为金属薄膜的颗粒增强设计铺平了道路，并精确控制了颗粒的空间位置。
{"title":"Microstructure Evolution of Thin Nickel Films with Embedded Chromium Oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"Hagit Barda, L. Klinger, E. Rabkin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3680388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3680388","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We developed a fabrication method of thin metal matrix composite films reinforced with ceramic nanoparticles. To this end, we deposited a 20 nm Ni / ultrathin Cr-oxide layer / 20 nm Ni tri-layer on a sapphire substrate, and annealed the sample at the temperature of 700°C. We found that after annealing for 10 min the Cr-oxide layer agglomerates into single- or bi-crystalline faceted Cr2O3 nanoparticles, with the orientation relationship of ( 11 1 ¯ ) N i ∥ ( 0006 ) C r 2 O 3 and [ 112 ] N i ∥ [ 1 2 ¯ 10 ] C r 2 O 3 to the Ni matrix. We encountered a surprising vertical spread of the centers of mass of the Cr-oxide particles with respect to the initial position of the Cr-oxide layer. We developed a kinetic model of the evolution of particles shape and of their vertical drift, which enabled an estimate of the effective diffusion coefficient of the Ni-Cr2O3 interface ( D i = 7.4 · 10 − 19 m 2 s ). Though much slower than grain boundary diffusion in Ni, this interface diffusion enables fast transformation of ultra-thin Cr-oxide layer into an array of isolated Cr2O3nanoparticles embedded in the Ni film. The insight into the kinetics of the system obtained in the present work paves the way for the design of particle reinforcement of thin metal films with a precise control over the spatial positions of the particles.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80118178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001386
M. Mammadova
Firstly it has been experimentally revealed that during fluid motion in the micro-cracked channel and in the equivalent porous medium an unknown additional resistance arises in the scientific technical literature that is the “microcrack-fluid” effect. It has been demonstrated that the determined “microcrack-fluid” effect is the cause of linear Darcy’s law violation in the micro-cracked channels.It has been revealed in the work that during fluids moving in the microcracked channel there is a critical size of crack for the homogeneous fluid (water, viscous and anomalous fluids) and a hydrodynamic effect as so-called “microcrack-fluid” is manifested.So for the first time we determined the critical value of opening − hcr on the basis of experimental investigations in cracks. It was found that at h
{"title":"About Darsy's Law During Fluids Motion in the Micro-Cracked Channels","authors":"M. Mammadova","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001386","url":null,"abstract":"Firstly it has been experimentally revealed that during fluid motion in the micro-cracked channel and in the equivalent porous medium an unknown additional resistance arises in the scientific technical literature that is the “microcrack-fluid” effect. It has been demonstrated that the determined “microcrack-fluid” effect is the cause of linear Darcy’s law violation in the micro-cracked channels.It has been revealed in the work that during fluids moving in the microcracked channel there is a critical size of crack for the homogeneous fluid (water, viscous and anomalous fluids) and a hydrodynamic effect as so-called “microcrack-fluid” is manifested.So for the first time we determined the critical value of opening − hcr on the basis of experimental investigations in cracks. It was found that at h<hcr the anomalous properties are manifested for viscous fluids and rheological parameters are increased for anomalous fluids, and at h≥hcr these effects disappear. It has been established that the reason of the anomalous behavior of fluids in the microcrack with h<hcr opening is the effect occurred in the “microcrack-fluid” system.It is shown that microcrack with certain opening can be considered as a model but the ultra-low permeable porous medium is nature.It has been determined that the critical value of the Reynolds number calculated for viscous and abnormal fluids in the microcracked channel and in the equivalent porous medium in the microcrack is Re<1.The new fact about Darcy’s law violation during fluids flow in microcrack with h<hcr opening has been experimentally revealed i.e. micro-cracked effect of “microcrack-fluid” system is a cause of Darcy’s law violation.It is recommended to taking into consideration the microcracked effect in the “fluid-medium” system for regulation and creation of the new technical and technological processes in the different branches of industry","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"34 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89975092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Nam, Seon-Keun Oh, Myeong-heom Park, Young‐kook Lee
Abstract The objective of the present study is to clarify the mechanism of dynamic strain aging (DSA) causing serrations in tensile flow curves of Fe-5.15Mn-0.15C-0.37Si-0.0039N (wt%) medium-Mn steel specimens with triple phases of retained austenite (γR), ferrite (α) and tempered martensite (α'T). For the purpose, tensile tests were performed at various conditions of deformation temperature (Td = 273 - 333 K) and initial strain rate (έini = 5 × 10−4 - 1 × 10−2 s−1). The medium-Mn steel specimens revealed type A serrations after the propagation of the Luders band in their tensile curves. The serrations were not related to both α and α'T; they were not caused by strain-induced martensitic transformation, but by DSA in γR. The DSA was not explained by the short-range diffusion model based on the interaction between partial dislocations and C-Mn complexes due to the absence of intersection between staying time and reorientation time. In a viewpoint of the dislocation arrest model involving long-range diffusion, critical strains of γR for serrations (ecγ) were measured. They showed the normal Portevine-Le Châtelier behavior that the ecγ value decreases with increasing Td and with decreasing έini. The activation energy measured using the ecγ values was similar to the activation energy for the dislocation pipe diffusion of C atoms. This result indicates that the DSA occurring in the present medium-Mn steel is explained by the dislocation arrest model involving the long-range pipe diffusion of C atoms, not by the short-range diffusion model involving the reorientation of C-Mn complexes.
{"title":"The Mechanism of Dynamic Strain Aging for Type a Serrations in Tensile Curves of a Medium-Mn Steel","authors":"J. Nam, Seon-Keun Oh, Myeong-heom Park, Young‐kook Lee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3680373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3680373","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of the present study is to clarify the mechanism of dynamic strain aging (DSA) causing serrations in tensile flow curves of Fe-5.15Mn-0.15C-0.37Si-0.0039N (wt%) medium-Mn steel specimens with triple phases of retained austenite (γR), ferrite (α) and tempered martensite (α'T). For the purpose, tensile tests were performed at various conditions of deformation temperature (Td = 273 - 333 K) and initial strain rate (έini = 5 × 10−4 - 1 × 10−2 s−1). The medium-Mn steel specimens revealed type A serrations after the propagation of the Luders band in their tensile curves. The serrations were not related to both α and α'T; they were not caused by strain-induced martensitic transformation, but by DSA in γR. The DSA was not explained by the short-range diffusion model based on the interaction between partial dislocations and C-Mn complexes due to the absence of intersection between staying time and reorientation time. In a viewpoint of the dislocation arrest model involving long-range diffusion, critical strains of γR for serrations (ecγ) were measured. They showed the normal Portevine-Le Châtelier behavior that the ecγ value decreases with increasing Td and with decreasing έini. The activation energy measured using the ecγ values was similar to the activation energy for the dislocation pipe diffusion of C atoms. This result indicates that the DSA occurring in the present medium-Mn steel is explained by the dislocation arrest model involving the long-range pipe diffusion of C atoms, not by the short-range diffusion model involving the reorientation of C-Mn complexes.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90893047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We report that in contrast to the anticipation, the macroscopic mechanical strength of single crystals of the face-centered-cubic single-phase equiatomic Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni high entropy alloy is not influenced by thermal annealing during which short-range ordering is expected to develop. Experimental evidence shows that hardness at room temperature, critical resolved shear stress at room temperature and at 77 K and activation volume values of the alloys do not significantly vary with the annealing temperature in the range from 900 to 1200°C. The stacking fault energies in the specimens deformed at 77 K following annealing at 1000 and 1200°C respectively are essentially identical to each other. These results clearly indicate that the impact of the formation of chemical short-range order on the macroscopic yield strength of the equiatomic Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni high entropy alloy is insignificant, even if it exists.
{"title":"Effects of Annealing on Hardness, Yield Strength and Dislocation Structure in Single Crystals of the Equiatomic Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni High Entropy Alloy","authors":"Dengshan Zhou, Zhenghao Chen, Kazuki Ehara, Kodai Nitsu, Katsushi Tanaka, H. Inui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3680282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3680282","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We report that in contrast to the anticipation, the macroscopic mechanical strength of single crystals of the face-centered-cubic single-phase equiatomic Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni high entropy alloy is not influenced by thermal annealing during which short-range ordering is expected to develop. Experimental evidence shows that hardness at room temperature, critical resolved shear stress at room temperature and at 77 K and activation volume values of the alloys do not significantly vary with the annealing temperature in the range from 900 to 1200°C. The stacking fault energies in the specimens deformed at 77 K following annealing at 1000 and 1200°C respectively are essentially identical to each other. These results clearly indicate that the impact of the formation of chemical short-range order on the macroscopic yield strength of the equiatomic Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni high entropy alloy is insignificant, even if it exists.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90432871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Yusenko, S. Martynova, S. Khandarkhaeva, T. Fedotenko, K. Glazyrin, E. Koemets, M. Bykov, M. Hanfland, K. Siemensmeyer, A. Smekhova, S. Gromilov, L. Dubrovinsky
Hcp–Ir0.24Ru0.36Os0.40 and fcc–Ir0.84Ru0.06Os0.10 ternary alloys as well as binary hcp–Ir0.33Ru0.67 and fcc–Ir0.75Ru0.25 alloys were prepared using thermal decomposition of [IrxRu1-x(NH3)5Cl][OsyIr(1-y)Cl6] single-source precursors in hydrogen flow below 1070 K. These single-phase alloys correspond to ternary and binary peritectic phase diagrams and can be used as synthetic models for rare iridosmine minerals. Thermal decomposition of parent bimetallic precursor [Ir(NH3)5Cl][OsСl6] has been investigated using in situ powder X-ray diffraction in inert and reductive atmospheres. In reductive atmosphere, [Ir(NH3)5Cl][OsСl6] forms (NH4)2[OsСl6<] as crystalline intermediate; Ir from its cationic part is reduced by hydrogen with a formation of defect fcc -structured metallic particles; the final product is a metastable hcp I.0.5Os0.5 alloy. In inert atmosphere, the salt decomposes at higher temperature without a formation of any detectable crystalline intermediates; two-phase fcc+hcp mixture forms directly above 800 K. Room temperature compressibility up to 50 GPa has been studied for all prepared alloys in diamond anvil cells. Hcp–Ir0.24Ru0.36Os0.40 (B0 = 362(4) GPa, B0' = 4.8(2)) and fcc–Ir0.84Ru0.06Os0.10 (B0 = 302(7) GPa, B0' = 6.4(5)) ternary alloys as well as hcp–Ir0.33Ru0.67 (B0 = 332(2) GPa, B0' = 5.4(1)) and fcc–Ir0.75Ru0.25 (B0 = 316(1) GPa, B0' = 5.1(1)) binary alloys do not show any phase transitions upon compression at room temperature. In contrast with other investigated ultra incompressible refractory alloys with osmium and iridium, hcp–Ir0.33Ru
{"title":"High Compressibility of Synthetic Analogous of Binary Iridium–Ruthenium and Ternaryiridium–Osmium–Ruthenium Minerals","authors":"K. Yusenko, S. Martynova, S. Khandarkhaeva, T. Fedotenko, K. Glazyrin, E. Koemets, M. Bykov, M. Hanfland, K. Siemensmeyer, A. Smekhova, S. Gromilov, L. Dubrovinsky","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3685881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3685881","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Hcp</i>–Ir<sub>0.24</sub>Ru<sub>0.36</sub>Os<sub>0.40</sub> and <i>fcc</i>–Ir<sub>0.84</sub>Ru<sub>0.06</sub>Os<sub>0.10</sub> ternary alloys as well as binary <i>hcp</i>–Ir<sub>0.33</sub>Ru<sub>0.67</sub> and <i>fcc</i>–Ir<sub>0.75</sub>Ru<sub>0.25</sub> alloys were prepared using thermal decomposition of [Ir<sub>x</sub>Ru<sub>1-x</sub>(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>Cl][Os<sub>y</sub>Ir<sub>(1-y)</sub>Cl6] single-source precursors in hydrogen flow below 1070 K. These single-phase alloys correspond to ternary and binary peritectic phase diagrams and can be used as synthetic models for rare iridosmine minerals. Thermal decomposition of parent bimetallic precursor [Ir(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>Cl][OsСl<sub>6</sub>] has been investigated using <i>in situ</i> powder X-ray diffraction in inert and reductive atmospheres. In reductive atmosphere, [Ir(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>Cl][OsСl<sub>6</sub>] forms (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>[OsСl<sub>6<</sub>] as crystalline intermediate; Ir from its cationic part is reduced by hydrogen with a formation of defect <i>fcc</i> -structured metallic particles; the final product is a metastable <i>hcp</i> I.0.5Os<sub>0.5</sub> alloy. In inert atmosphere, the salt decomposes at higher temperature without a formation of any detectable crystalline intermediates; two-phase <i>fcc+hcp</i> mixture forms directly above 800 K. Room temperature compressibility up to 50 GPa has been studied for all prepared alloys in diamond anvil cells. <i>Hcp</i>–Ir<sub>0.24</sub>Ru<sub>0.36</sub>Os<sub>0.40</sub> (B0 = 362(4) GPa, B0' = 4.8(2)) and <i>fcc</i>–Ir<sub>0.84</sub>Ru<sub>0.06</sub>Os<sub>0.10</sub> (B0 = 302(7) GPa, B0' = 6.4(5)) ternary alloys as well as <i>hcp</i>–Ir<sub>0.33</sub>Ru<sub>0.67</sub> (B0 = 332(2) GPa, B0' = 5.4(1)) and <i>fcc</i>–Ir<sub>0.75</sub>Ru<sub>0.25</sub> (B0 = 316(1) GPa, B0' = 5.1(1)) binary alloys do not show any phase transitions upon compression at room temperature. In contrast with other investigated ultra incompressible refractory alloys with osmium and iridium, <i>hcp</i>–Ir<sub>0.33</sub>Ru","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75595013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.209761
B. Demchyna, M. Surmai, R. Tkach, Vasylyna Hula, R. Kozak
The study of glass multilayer columns made of ordinary glass using triplexing technology. The main disadvantage of using ordinary glass is the fragile nature of its destruction, it breaks instantly. To avoid this effect, triplexing technology is used: the glass is joined in several layers with an EVASAFE polymer film (Bridgestone, Japan), after which the columns were heated to a temperature of 130 °C and kept for 30 minutes. The film material is an elastomer (a polymer with highly elastic properties in a wide temperature range). This allowed restraining parts of fragments of glass structures, making them plastic inside the bonding plane, increased their reliability, prevented the instantaneous opening of cracks in the depth of the section. A method for studying multilayer glass columns for central-axial compression using the method of two-dimensional digital image correlation is developed. Two series of prototypes were manufactured and tested. The tests were performed on a hydraulic press. The model of the destruction of glass columns of different cross-section is investigated and described. The accuracy of the digital image correlation method using two-dimensional correlation for glass centrally compressed columns is estimated. The results of the digital image correlation method with the results of measurements of absolute deformations by mechanical devices are compared. Based on the analysis of the results, the dependences of relative deformations e on the applied load N were determined using the digital image correlation method. The dependences of relative deformations e on normal stresses σ=N/A and dependences of relative deformations e on the outer glass surfaces on the applied load N are determined
{"title":"An Analysis of Using the Method of Two-Dimensional Digital Image Correlation in Glass Column Research","authors":"B. Demchyna, M. Surmai, R. Tkach, Vasylyna Hula, R. Kozak","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.209761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.209761","url":null,"abstract":"The study of glass multilayer columns made of ordinary glass using triplexing technology. The main disadvantage of using ordinary glass is the fragile nature of its destruction, it breaks instantly. To avoid this effect, triplexing technology is used: the glass is joined in several layers with an EVASAFE polymer film (Bridgestone, Japan), after which the columns were heated to a temperature of 130 °C and kept for 30 minutes. The film material is an elastomer (a polymer with highly elastic properties in a wide temperature range). This allowed restraining parts of fragments of glass structures, making them plastic inside the bonding plane, increased their reliability, prevented the instantaneous opening of cracks in the depth of the section. A method for studying multilayer glass columns for central-axial compression using the method of two-dimensional digital image correlation is developed. Two series of prototypes were manufactured and tested. The tests were performed on a hydraulic press. The model of the destruction of glass columns of different cross-section is investigated and described. The accuracy of the digital image correlation method using two-dimensional correlation for glass centrally compressed columns is estimated. The results of the digital image correlation method with the results of measurements of absolute deformations by mechanical devices are compared. Based on the analysis of the results, the dependences of relative deformations e on the applied load N were determined using the digital image correlation method. The dependences of relative deformations e on normal stresses σ=N/A and dependences of relative deformations e on the outer glass surfaces on the applied load N are determined","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90872931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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