Issues surrounding water reservoir construction and hydropower development in the Philippines provide glimpses of the marginalization of indigenous peoples (IPs). For the sake of “development,” state-sponsored mega dam projects encroach ancestral lands and ultimately threaten IPs’ existence. Hence, while Filipinos from highly urbanized cities recognize the need to increase the country’s water supply and electricity generation, such infrastructure projects are always met with resistance. Using the Global Atlas of Environmental Justice (EJAtlas) database, this paper mapped the mega dam projects in the Philippines that denied or will potentially deny IPs’ rights over water resources and sustainable livelihood. At the same time, it identified several resistance movements against these projects and examined the factors that contributed to their outcomes. Particular attention was given to the actors involved in various dam-related conflicts, as their relationship and actions are deemed crucial in understanding the consistent denial of IPs’ voice in political processes. The research confirmed the findings of several case studies that tell the rampant violations of the “Freedom, Prior, and Informed Consent” (FPIC) policy across the country. It also found that influential members and supporters of anti-dam movements are commonly “red-tagged” by the government—a state practice that legitimizes the surveillance, harassment, or murder of members or supporters of progressive organizations. Through the mapping of the anti-dam movements, the paper exhibited the state’s disconcerting interpretation of the “common good,” as the Manila-centric or urban-centric interpretation of such phrase invariably causes the IPs’ marginalization.
{"title":"Mapping Anti-Dam Movements: The Politics of Water Reservoir Construction and Hydropower Development Projects in the Philippines","authors":"Fernan Talamayan","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3748391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3748391","url":null,"abstract":"Issues surrounding water reservoir construction and hydropower development in the Philippines provide glimpses of the marginalization of indigenous peoples (IPs). For the sake of “development,” state-sponsored mega dam projects encroach ancestral lands and ultimately threaten IPs’ existence. Hence, while Filipinos from highly urbanized cities recognize the need to increase the country’s water supply and electricity generation, such infrastructure projects are always met with resistance. Using the Global Atlas of Environmental Justice (EJAtlas) database, this paper mapped the mega dam projects in the Philippines that denied or will potentially deny IPs’ rights over water resources and sustainable livelihood. At the same time, it identified several resistance movements against these projects and examined the factors that contributed to their outcomes. Particular attention was given to the actors involved in various dam-related conflicts, as their relationship and actions are deemed crucial in understanding the consistent denial of IPs’ voice in political processes. The research confirmed the findings of several case studies that tell the rampant violations of the “Freedom, Prior, and Informed Consent” (FPIC) policy across the country. It also found that influential members and supporters of anti-dam movements are commonly “red-tagged” by the government—a state practice that legitimizes the surveillance, harassment, or murder of members or supporters of progressive organizations. Through the mapping of the anti-dam movements, the paper exhibited the state’s disconcerting interpretation of the “common good,” as the Manila-centric or urban-centric interpretation of such phrase invariably causes the IPs’ marginalization.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78140213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.21276/ijircst.2020.8.3.27
Sakshi Gupta, Mehdi Ahmadi, Lalit Kumar
In the current era of industrial and enterprise evolution, time and resource are the fundamental need of any industry. Utilizing the time and resource has always been the primary goal of especially a construction project in order to reduce the expenses, meet the project deadlines and accomplish the work successfully. Lean approach in the construction industry has been introduced to facilitate and manage such procedure to achieve the above-mentioned goals of a company. Construction industry has also adapted this approach under the title of lean construction to give boast in the process of construction projects by applying the lean construction techniques. In this research, we have tried to discover the lean construction barriers in the construction industry and limitations of implementing lean construction in construction industry worldwide. The barriers have been gathered through an extant literature survey and then concluded by defining them among different categories of professionals. It is concluded that overcoming the barriers would lead to less wastage in the construction industry and lead to more efficiency and productivity.
{"title":"Identification of the Barriers of Lean Construction Implementation in Construction Projects- A Review","authors":"Sakshi Gupta, Mehdi Ahmadi, Lalit Kumar","doi":"10.21276/ijircst.2020.8.3.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijircst.2020.8.3.27","url":null,"abstract":"In the current era of industrial and enterprise evolution, time and resource are the fundamental need of any industry. Utilizing the time and resource has always been the primary goal of especially a construction project in order to reduce the expenses, meet the project deadlines and accomplish the work successfully. Lean approach in the construction industry has been introduced to facilitate and manage such procedure to achieve the above-mentioned goals of a company. Construction industry has also adapted this approach under the title of lean construction to give boast in the process of construction projects by applying the lean construction techniques. In this research, we have tried to discover the lean construction barriers in the construction industry and limitations of implementing lean construction in construction industry worldwide. The barriers have been gathered through an extant literature survey and then concluded by defining them among different categories of professionals. It is concluded that overcoming the barriers would lead to less wastage in the construction industry and lead to more efficiency and productivity.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77527133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.21276/ijircst.2020.8.3.26
Karthik A, Ankita Batra, Sakshi Gupta
In the current circumstance, the populace is expanding rapidly, thus, the urban areas are becoming wide by devouring farming and green space and the land esteem is expanding. Another point is the tall vertical structure speaks to the country. As it builds the notoriety of the nation. To keep away from this the structures began developing vertical and thin as it arrives at a specific height the wind force governs the building as the main load more than gravity load, as the building grows higher the stability reduces. Due to a lack of design to face wind loads, as the cross-section decreases the stability reduces. And these structures are more prone to earthquakes and wind. Therefore, much research is proceeding to balance out the structure from an increasingly affordable perspective. To know the best performance and economical for the lateral force-resisting system of different types of 30 story buildings are model-led in ETABS, assuming the site location as BHUJ Gujarat, India. For the different structural systems that are compared for minimum story displacement and minimum story drift, these are the qualities that characterize the human comforts for the structure. the structural system used is conventional, shear wall, truss belt, outrigger, diagrid, and fluid viscous damper are used to compare the best performance of the structure. Above all diagrid and viscous damper shows the less displacement and drift values when compared to others but from the economic point of view viscous damper gives the best result from all the above.
{"title":"Analysis of Tall Building with Different Lateral Force Resisting System","authors":"Karthik A, Ankita Batra, Sakshi Gupta","doi":"10.21276/ijircst.2020.8.3.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijircst.2020.8.3.26","url":null,"abstract":"In the current circumstance, the populace is expanding rapidly, thus, the urban areas are becoming wide by devouring farming and green space and the land esteem is expanding. Another point is the tall vertical structure speaks to the country. As it builds the notoriety of the nation. To keep away from this the structures began developing vertical and thin as it arrives at a specific height the wind force governs the building as the main load more than gravity load, as the building grows higher the stability reduces. Due to a lack of design to face wind loads, as the cross-section decreases the stability reduces. And these structures are more prone to earthquakes and wind. Therefore, much research is proceeding to balance out the structure from an increasingly affordable perspective. To know the best performance and economical for the lateral force-resisting system of different types of 30 story buildings are model-led in ETABS, assuming the site location as BHUJ Gujarat, India. For the different structural systems that are compared for minimum story displacement and minimum story drift, these are the qualities that characterize the human comforts for the structure. the structural system used is conventional, shear wall, truss belt, outrigger, diagrid, and fluid viscous damper are used to compare the best performance of the structure. Above all diagrid and viscous damper shows the less displacement and drift values when compared to others but from the economic point of view viscous damper gives the best result from all the above.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"379 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80630472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.199559
S. Goolak, O. Gubarevych, E. Yermolenko, M. Slobodyanyuk, O. Gorobchenko
It has been proposed, in order to model an induction motor for vehicles, to employ a system of differential equations recorded in the «inhibited coordinates». To improve the algorithm robustness, the number of the system's equations was reduced by expressing the phase currents through the phase flux linkage. The parameters of the prototype engine have been defined in line with the classical procedure. An algorithm has been constructed in order to account for the mechanical losses and power losses in the engine steel. An induction motor with symmetrical windings has been simulated in the MATLAB programming environment. The basic technical parameters for the engine were determined using the simulation model. The simulation results have been compared with the results of classic calculations. The error in determining the parameters based on the model and those calculated did not exceed 7 %. This indicates a high convergence between the simulation results and the results of calculations. It has been proposed, in order to study an induction motor with the asymmetrical stator windings, to apply the algorithm that implies accounting for a change in the mutual inductance at a change in the integrated resistance in the single or several phases of engine windings. The proposed algorithm for managing the asymmetric regime of stator windings could make it possible, without changing the structure of the model, to investigate the dynamic processes in an induction motor in case of the asymmetry of stator windings phases when they are damaged. Taking into consideration the losses of power in steel, as well as the mechanical losses, would improve the reliability of the results obtained. The error of determining the parameters of an induction motor at asymmetrical stator windings, obtained at modeling, and acquired experimentally, did not exceed 3 %, which testifies to the adequacy of the model.That would make it possible to apply the proposed simulation model of an induction motor when studying the dynamic processes in the engines used in the transportation infrastructure, in case of such a defect as the interturn short circuit in the stator windings
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling of an Induction Motor for Vehicles","authors":"S. Goolak, O. Gubarevych, E. Yermolenko, M. Slobodyanyuk, O. Gorobchenko","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.199559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.199559","url":null,"abstract":"It has been proposed, in order to model an induction motor for vehicles, to employ a system of differential equations recorded in the «inhibited coordinates». To improve the algorithm robustness, the number of the system's equations was reduced by expressing the phase currents through the phase flux linkage. The parameters of the prototype engine have been defined in line with the classical procedure. An algorithm has been constructed in order to account for the mechanical losses and power losses in the engine steel. An induction motor with symmetrical windings has been simulated in the MATLAB programming environment. The basic technical parameters for the engine were determined using the simulation model. The simulation results have been compared with the results of classic calculations. The error in determining the parameters based on the model and those calculated did not exceed 7 %. This indicates a high convergence between the simulation results and the results of calculations. It has been proposed, in order to study an induction motor with the asymmetrical stator windings, to apply the algorithm that implies accounting for a change in the mutual inductance at a change in the integrated resistance in the single or several phases of engine windings. The proposed algorithm for managing the asymmetric regime of stator windings could make it possible, without changing the structure of the model, to investigate the dynamic processes in an induction motor in case of the asymmetry of stator windings phases when they are damaged. Taking into consideration the losses of power in steel, as well as the mechanical losses, would improve the reliability of the results obtained. The error of determining the parameters of an induction motor at asymmetrical stator windings, obtained at modeling, and acquired experimentally, did not exceed 3 %, which testifies to the adequacy of the model.That would make it possible to apply the proposed simulation model of an induction motor when studying the dynamic processes in the engines used in the transportation infrastructure, in case of such a defect as the interturn short circuit in the stator windings","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90402660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.201077
Yurii Gichov, M. Stupak
This paper reports a technique of the pulsed resonant fuel combustion in the processes of drying and heating steel-casting ladles, devised to save fuel. The research method is based on the initiation of pulsations when burning fuel at a frequency equal to the frequency of natural fluctuations within the working volume of the ladle, which leads to the resonance of pulsations. This study aimed to define a technique to effectively burn fuel and to confirm a decrease in fuel consumption in the process of the pulsed resonant combustion. The experimental and industrial studies involving 8 drying operations and 5 ladle heating operations have established the possibility to comply with the normative requirements in line with the technological instructions at the level of 80‒100 %. The possibility to search for the pulsed resonance frequencies under industrial conditions has been confirmed, despite the negative impact of high temperatures, acoustic interference, and inertia of the equipment. The feasibility of a pulsation unit has been determined, as well as the possibility to steadily maintain, during the drying process, the required resonance frequencies of gas pulsations. A more intensive course of the drying process has been observed, which makes it possible to shorten the process duration and, accordingly, to reduce fuel consumption. The high excitability of resonance frequencies in the ladle during heating has been detected, due to the short length and volume of the section of a gas pipeline between the pulsation unit and burner compared to the drying bench. The warm-up intensity was noticeably higher than that of drying due to the lower end temperature of the lining (777‒910 °C instead of 900‒1,120 °C) and the lack of moisture evaporation. Using the pulsed resonant fuel combustion mode at the posts of intensive heating of ladles for melting makes it possible to force the heating by the resonant pulsation of the torch. During pulsed resonant combustion, the usable utilization of fuel heat increases markedly, which leads to an increase in the drying and heating processes efficiency and corresponding fuel economy. The decrease in the consumption of natural gas when drying the ladles amounted to 2.7÷26.1 %; at the warm-up ‒ 19.5÷37.8 %. These data indicate the energy efficiency of the pulsed resonant combustion and the feasibility of implementing a burning technique in the processes of ladle drying and warming
{"title":"An Effectiveness Analysis of the Pulsed Resonant Fuel Combustion in the Processes of Steel-Casting Ladle Drying and Warming","authors":"Yurii Gichov, M. Stupak","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.201077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.201077","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a technique of the pulsed resonant fuel combustion in the processes of drying and heating steel-casting ladles, devised to save fuel. The research method is based on the initiation of pulsations when burning fuel at a frequency equal to the frequency of natural fluctuations within the working volume of the ladle, which leads to the resonance of pulsations. This study aimed to define a technique to effectively burn fuel and to confirm a decrease in fuel consumption in the process of the pulsed resonant combustion. The experimental and industrial studies involving 8 drying operations and 5 ladle heating operations have established the possibility to comply with the normative requirements in line with the technological instructions at the level of 80‒100 %. The possibility to search for the pulsed resonance frequencies under industrial conditions has been confirmed, despite the negative impact of high temperatures, acoustic interference, and inertia of the equipment. The feasibility of a pulsation unit has been determined, as well as the possibility to steadily maintain, during the drying process, the required resonance frequencies of gas pulsations. A more intensive course of the drying process has been observed, which makes it possible to shorten the process duration and, accordingly, to reduce fuel consumption. The high excitability of resonance frequencies in the ladle during heating has been detected, due to the short length and volume of the section of a gas pipeline between the pulsation unit and burner compared to the drying bench. The warm-up intensity was noticeably higher than that of drying due to the lower end temperature of the lining (777‒910 °C instead of 900‒1,120 °C) and the lack of moisture evaporation. Using the pulsed resonant fuel combustion mode at the posts of intensive heating of ladles for melting makes it possible to force the heating by the resonant pulsation of the torch. During pulsed resonant combustion, the usable utilization of fuel heat increases markedly, which leads to an increase in the drying and heating processes efficiency and corresponding fuel economy. The decrease in the consumption of natural gas when drying the ladles amounted to 2.7÷26.1 %; at the warm-up ‒ 19.5÷37.8 %. These data indicate the energy efficiency of the pulsed resonant combustion and the feasibility of implementing a burning technique in the processes of ladle drying and warming","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72644824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-27DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.198371
A. Vovchenko, L. Demydenko, S. Kozyrev
Studying the high-voltage electrochemical explosion as a control object has established a significant impact exerted by the modes of controlled energy input into a discharge channel on the efficiency of exothermal energy conversion. Dependence has been derived of the specific energy efficiency of the release of chemical energy by an exothermic mixture on the distribution of the total introduced electrical energy among successive discharge pulses. This has made it possible, based on the rules proposed here, to determine the initial conditions for the control algorithm of a discharge-pulse installation, which implements the high-voltage electrochemical explosion technological modes, providing maximum effectiveness of exothermal transformations. It has been shown that the considerable stochasticity of processes during exothermal transformations under a mode of explosive combustion does not make it possible to use control systems that regulate only the initial conditions for an electrochemical explosion. Such systems do not ensure the preset discharge modes at each implementation. The need for ongoing control over the process of exothermal transformations has been substantiated, in order to prevent the reduction of pressure in a discharge channel below the allowable value that maintains the exothermic reaction of explosive combustion. The performed correlation analysis of the relationship between the values of current pressure in a discharge channel and the discharge electrical characteristics has revealed that there is a dense enough information interrelation between them. Therefore, it has been proposed to use, as the information signals that indirectly determine the pressure in a discharge channel, the operationally defined electrical characteristics of a discharge. An algorithm has been built and a system has been developed to control a high-voltage discharge-pulse installation that implements a high-voltage electrochemical explosion. Control over the mode of energy input in the process of explosive transformation makes it possible to avoid the extinction of the exothermal reaction at an accidental, due to the stochasticity of the process, reduction in pressure to the maximum allowable value in the period between the discharge pulses. Due to this, the unproductive losses of an exothermic mixture are eliminated, the losses of chemical and electrical energy are reduced, and the amount of total energy released is increased, without increasing the introduced electric energy, at each implementation of a high-voltage electrochemical explosion
{"title":"Control of a High-Voltage Discharge-Pulse Installation When Implementing Technological Modes of an Electrochemical Explosion","authors":"A. Vovchenko, L. Demydenko, S. Kozyrev","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.198371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.198371","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the high-voltage electrochemical explosion as a control object has established a significant impact exerted by the modes of controlled energy input into a discharge channel on the efficiency of exothermal energy conversion. Dependence has been derived of the specific energy efficiency of the release of chemical energy by an exothermic mixture on the distribution of the total introduced electrical energy among successive discharge pulses. This has made it possible, based on the rules proposed here, to determine the initial conditions for the control algorithm of a discharge-pulse installation, which implements the high-voltage electrochemical explosion technological modes, providing maximum effectiveness of exothermal transformations. It has been shown that the considerable stochasticity of processes during exothermal transformations under a mode of explosive combustion does not make it possible to use control systems that regulate only the initial conditions for an electrochemical explosion. Such systems do not ensure the preset discharge modes at each implementation. The need for ongoing control over the process of exothermal transformations has been substantiated, in order to prevent the reduction of pressure in a discharge channel below the allowable value that maintains the exothermic reaction of explosive combustion. The performed correlation analysis of the relationship between the values of current pressure in a discharge channel and the discharge electrical characteristics has revealed that there is a dense enough information interrelation between them. Therefore, it has been proposed to use, as the information signals that indirectly determine the pressure in a discharge channel, the operationally defined electrical characteristics of a discharge. An algorithm has been built and a system has been developed to control a high-voltage discharge-pulse installation that implements a high-voltage electrochemical explosion. Control over the mode of energy input in the process of explosive transformation makes it possible to avoid the extinction of the exothermal reaction at an accidental, due to the stochasticity of the process, reduction in pressure to the maximum allowable value in the period between the discharge pulses. Due to this, the unproductive losses of an exothermic mixture are eliminated, the losses of chemical and electrical energy are reduced, and the amount of total energy released is increased, without increasing the introduced electric energy, at each implementation of a high-voltage electrochemical explosion","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78503803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-27DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.199816
I. Boshkova, N. Volgusheva, L. Boshkov, M. Potapov, N. Kolesnychenko, B. Demianchuk, O. Lapkin
We have tested the microwave device of continuous operation for the thermal treatment of plant materials, which was developed and designed to implement microwave technologies in the industry. The purpose of the tests was to assess the effectiveness of the microwave device by the indicators of quality of the obtained material and energy consumption determined by the efficiency of the conversion of microwave energy into the internal energy of the material. The effects of microwave treatment of a straw substrate for tree-destroying fungi were studied. The treatment quality was determined by the yield of Oyster (Pleurotus) mushrooms, grown on the obtained substrate. Microwave treatment was carried out in various modes, which differed in the value of specific power. When analyzing the effectiveness of microwave treatment, the results were compared with the data obtained during the application of the traditional technology of straw sterilization. It was shown that the harvest of Oyster mushrooms increased by 11 %. It was found that under the optimal mode, specific power was q v =8.68·10 5 W/m 3 , final temperature was t=96 °С, duration of treatment was 180 s. Based on the thermal calculations, the values of the microwave chamber efficiency η c were calculated; under the optimal mode, η c =62 %. The influence of the microwave treatment on the sowing characteristics of seed wheat grain was studied. The effectiveness of the microwave treatment was determined by the values of laboratory germination and seed germination energy. Under the optimal mode, the output power of magnetrons was ΣP out =0.6 kW, the grain consumption was G=2.1·10 -2 kg/s. The study of the microwave device operation showed that for this design, in order to ensure stable and uniform movement of the material along the product pipeline, it is necessary to maintain the movement speed that is not higher than 0.5 m/min. It is recommended to apply the tested microwave device of continuous operation on specialized farms
我们已经测试了用于植物材料热处理的连续操作微波装置，该装置是为实现微波技术在行业中的应用而开发和设计的。试验的目的是通过获得的材料质量指标和由微波能量转化为材料内能的效率决定的能量消耗来评估微波装置的有效性。研究了微波处理秸秆基质对树木破坏真菌的影响。处理质量由在所得基质上生长的平菇产量决定。在不同的模式下进行微波处理，其比功率值不同。在分析微波处理效果时，将结果与传统秸秆灭菌技术应用时获得的数据进行了比较。结果表明，平菇的产量增加了11%。结果表明，在最佳模式下，比功率为q v =8.68·10.5 W/ m3，最终温度为t=96°С，处理时间为180 s。在热学计算的基础上，计算了微波室效率η c值;在最优模式下，η c = 62%。研究了微波处理对小麦种子籽粒播种特性的影响。微波处理的效果由实验室发芽率和种子萌发能来确定。在最优模式下，磁控管输出功率为ΣP out =0.6 kW，耗粮G=2.1·10 -2 kg/s。对微波装置运行的研究表明，对于本次设计，为了保证物料沿产品管道平稳均匀的运动，需要保持不高于0.5 m/min的运动速度。建议在专业养殖场采用经试验的微波连续操作装置
{"title":"Testing a Microwave Device for the Treatment of Plant Materials by Various Technologies","authors":"I. Boshkova, N. Volgusheva, L. Boshkov, M. Potapov, N. Kolesnychenko, B. Demianchuk, O. Lapkin","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.199816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.199816","url":null,"abstract":"We have tested the microwave device of continuous operation for the thermal treatment of plant materials, which was developed and designed to implement microwave technologies in the industry. The purpose of the tests was to assess the effectiveness of the microwave device by the indicators of quality of the obtained material and energy consumption determined by the efficiency of the conversion of microwave energy into the internal energy of the material. The effects of microwave treatment of a straw substrate for tree-destroying fungi were studied. The treatment quality was determined by the yield of Oyster (Pleurotus) mushrooms, grown on the obtained substrate. Microwave treatment was carried out in various modes, which differed in the value of specific power. When analyzing the effectiveness of microwave treatment, the results were compared with the data obtained during the application of the traditional technology of straw sterilization. It was shown that the harvest of Oyster mushrooms increased by 11 %. It was found that under the optimal mode, specific power was q v =8.68·10 5 W/m 3 , final temperature was t=96 °С, duration of treatment was 180 s. Based on the thermal calculations, the values of the microwave chamber efficiency η c were calculated; under the optimal mode, η c =62 %. The influence of the microwave treatment on the sowing characteristics of seed wheat grain was studied. The effectiveness of the microwave treatment was determined by the values of laboratory germination and seed germination energy. Under the optimal mode, the output power of magnetrons was ΣP out =0.6 kW, the grain consumption was G=2.1·10 -2 kg/s. The study of the microwave device operation showed that for this design, in order to ensure stable and uniform movement of the material along the product pipeline, it is necessary to maintain the movement speed that is not higher than 0.5 m/min. It is recommended to apply the tested microwave device of continuous operation on specialized farms","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76208355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Yadav, Shabdali C. Deshpande, M. Mathpati, D. Atkale, M. Bakhar
In this research paper, a pentagonal patch antenna has been designed on the 1.6 mm thick FR4 substrate material with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a size of 66 x 55 mm2. To achieve the wideband characteristics, the rectangular slots are introduced along the 4 sides of the pentagon and the partial ground plane is used of size 20 x 55 mm2. The antenna is designed and simulated in the CADFEKO software using a line feed technique. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 1.875 GHz with 3 resonant frequencies 1.7 GHz, 2.74 GHz & 3.259 GHz. The maximum gain for the proposed antenna is 8 dBi, reflection coefficient less than -10 dB and VSWR values are in the standard range. The proposed antenna design can be used for Digital Communication System (DCS 1800), Personal Communication System (PCS 1900), Wireless Broadband (WiBro 2300), Long Term Evolution (LTE 2300, LTE 2500), Bluetooth, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN IEEE 802.1 b/g), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM 2.4) applications.
{"title":"A Wideband Pentagonal Patch Antenna with Rectangular Slots for Wireless Applications","authors":"D. Yadav, Shabdali C. Deshpande, M. Mathpati, D. Atkale, M. Bakhar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3645416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3645416","url":null,"abstract":"In this research paper, a pentagonal patch antenna has been designed on the 1.6 mm thick FR4 substrate material with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a size of 66 x 55 mm2. To achieve the wideband characteristics, the rectangular slots are introduced along the 4 sides of the pentagon and the partial ground plane is used of size 20 x 55 mm2. The antenna is designed and simulated in the CADFEKO software using a line feed technique. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 1.875 GHz with 3 resonant frequencies 1.7 GHz, 2.74 GHz & 3.259 GHz. The maximum gain for the proposed antenna is 8 dBi, reflection coefficient less than -10 dB and VSWR values are in the standard range. The proposed antenna design can be used for Digital Communication System (DCS 1800), Personal Communication System (PCS 1900), Wireless Broadband (WiBro 2300), Long Term Evolution (LTE 2300, LTE 2500), Bluetooth, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN IEEE 802.1 b/g), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM 2.4) applications.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77461429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Pan, J. Mao, Y.F. Wang, X. Zhao, Y.G. Zhang, Yue Chen, D. Leung
AlCl3 "water-in-salt" electrolyte has successfully expanded the electrochemical window of aqueous Al-ion battery to 4 volts, however, the limited Al intercalation capacity of graphite (165 mAh g-1 ) preclude higher energy density. A high-energy MnAl2O4 cathode was synthesized by a simple two-step hydrothermal method, which can utilize triple-ion intercalation chemistry to achieve a high specific capacity of 330 mAh g-1 with an average discharge voltage of 1.68V versus Al/Al3+ (a record energy density of 555 Wh kg-1 ). Besides, a higher discharge capacity of 830 Wh kg-1 was achieved with higher-concentration electrolyte, showing a potential capacity for cation intercalation. Unique triple-ion intercalation chemistry was firstly investigated thoroughly. Experimental characterization attributes this high voltage to the intercalation of anions, e.g., AlCl4- and Cl- , and Cl- was also revealed an interaction function with intercalated Al3+ cations, which can benefit the design of Aluminium-ion batteries (AIBs) in the future.
AlCl3“盐中水”电解质成功地将水性铝离子电池的电化学窗口扩展到4伏，然而，石墨有限的Al嵌入容量(165 mAh g-1)阻碍了更高的能量密度。采用简单的两步水热法合成了一种高能MnAl2O4阴极，该阴极利用三离子插层化学反应可获得330 mAh g-1的高比容量，相对于Al/Al3+的平均放电电压为1.68V(记录能量密度为555 Wh kg-1)。此外，在较高浓度的电解液下，其放电容量达到830 Wh kg-1，显示出阳离子插层的潜在容量。首次深入研究了独特的三离子插层化学。实验表征将这种高电压归因于阴离子的插入，例如AlCl4-和Cl-，并且Cl-还揭示了与插入的Al3+阳离子的相互作用，这对未来铝离子电池(aib)的设计有益。
{"title":"An Aqueous Al-Ion Battery Boosted by Triple-Ion Intercalation Chemistry with a High-Energy MnAl 2O 4 Nanosphere Cathode","authors":"W. Pan, J. Mao, Y.F. Wang, X. Zhao, Y.G. Zhang, Yue Chen, D. Leung","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3569552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3569552","url":null,"abstract":"AlCl3 \"water-in-salt\" electrolyte has successfully expanded the electrochemical window of aqueous Al-ion battery to 4 volts, however, the limited Al intercalation capacity of graphite (165 mAh g-1 ) preclude higher energy density. A high-energy MnAl2O4 cathode was synthesized by a simple two-step hydrothermal method, which can utilize triple-ion intercalation chemistry to achieve a high specific capacity of 330 mAh g-1 with an average discharge voltage of 1.68V versus Al/Al3+ (a record energy density of 555 Wh kg-1 ). Besides, a higher discharge capacity of 830 Wh kg-1 was achieved with higher-concentration electrolyte, showing a potential capacity for cation intercalation. Unique triple-ion intercalation chemistry was firstly investigated thoroughly. Experimental characterization attributes this high voltage to the intercalation of anions, e.g., AlCl4- and Cl- , and Cl- was also revealed an interaction function with intercalated Al3+ cations, which can benefit the design of Aluminium-ion batteries (AIBs) in the future.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86049111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common reasons for blindness in the working-age population of the world. Diabetic Retinopathy is an eye disease, which occurs with long-standing untreated diabetes. Progression to vision impairment can be slowed down or stopped if DR is detected on time; In detection or screening of DR, automatic methods can play an important role. A microaneurysm is a tiny aneurysm, or swelling, in the side of a blood vessel. People with diabetes, microaneurysms are sometimes found in the retina of the eye. These miniature aneurysms can rupture and leak blood, hence the purpose of our project is to detect the microaneurysms which are the initial stage of Diabetic retinopathy so that we could prevent blindness. An algorithm is designed to detect microaneurysms and tested it on a publicly available DiaretDB1 database, which contains the ground truth for all images. For the detection of Micro aneurysms, the given steps are followed, image acquisition, green channel, and CLAHE, sequential filtering, blood vessel detection, BV extraction from the image, thresholding, and after the microaneurysms will be detected.
{"title":"Detection of Mircoaneurysms in Diabetic Retinopathy Using Image Processing and Python","authors":"Shamit Kotak, Sagar Mandaviya, Alpa Sonar, Arjoon Kalra, Pranali Hatode","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3580783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3580783","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common reasons for blindness in the working-age population of the world. Diabetic Retinopathy is an eye disease, which occurs with long-standing untreated diabetes. Progression to vision impairment can be slowed down or stopped if DR is detected on time; In detection or screening of DR, automatic methods can play an important role. A microaneurysm is a tiny aneurysm, or swelling, in the side of a blood vessel. People with diabetes, microaneurysms are sometimes found in the retina of the eye. These miniature aneurysms can rupture and leak blood, hence the purpose of our project is to detect the microaneurysms which are the initial stage of Diabetic retinopathy so that we could prevent blindness. An algorithm is designed to detect microaneurysms and tested it on a publicly available DiaretDB1 database, which contains the ground truth for all images. For the detection of Micro aneurysms, the given steps are followed, image acquisition, green channel, and CLAHE, sequential filtering, blood vessel detection, BV extraction from the image, thresholding, and after the microaneurysms will be detected.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88463330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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