This study deals with a post-buckling analysis of thin-walled GLARE members subjected to axial compressive loading. Considered slender and top-hat-shaped GLARE samples are made of hybrid composite that consists of alternating thin layers of aluminum alloy sheets and unidirectional glass fiberreinforced prepregs. Composite specimens were axially compressed in laboratory tests by the electromechanical static testing unit of Instron that provided a displacement control loading. Deformations were measured in full load range until specimen fracture by means of Aramis 3D noncontact optical equipment that uses the digital image correlation (DIC) method. The behavior of thinwalled GLARE members was analyzed with the primary attention to post-buckling response. Simultaneously, numerical simulations by FEM were performed to predict the load-carrying capacity of thin-walled sections. Comparative post-buckling analysis was performed based on nominal stress state in both non-degraded and degraded structure. For the latter, the damage evolution law was introduced by the material property degradation method (MPDG), which allowed a gradual reduction of material stiffness based on assumed damage variables. The impact of damage variables on the laminate loadcarrying capacity and predicted damage mode was investigated. Presented numerical results were found to be in a high agreement with experimental damage tests.
{"title":"Numerical and experimental post-buckling analysis of slender thin-walled GLARE members subjected to compressive loading","authors":"D. Banat, R. Mania","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3867247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3867247","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with a post-buckling analysis of thin-walled GLARE members subjected to axial compressive loading. Considered slender and top-hat-shaped GLARE samples are made of hybrid composite that consists of alternating thin layers of aluminum alloy sheets and unidirectional glass fiberreinforced prepregs. Composite specimens were axially compressed in laboratory tests by the electromechanical static testing unit of Instron that provided a displacement control loading. Deformations were measured in full load range until specimen fracture by means of Aramis 3D noncontact optical equipment that uses the digital image correlation (DIC) method. The behavior of thinwalled GLARE members was analyzed with the primary attention to post-buckling response. Simultaneously, numerical simulations by FEM were performed to predict the load-carrying capacity of thin-walled sections. Comparative post-buckling analysis was performed based on nominal stress state in both non-degraded and degraded structure. For the latter, the damage evolution law was introduced by the material property degradation method (MPDG), which allowed a gradual reduction of material stiffness based on assumed damage variables. The impact of damage variables on the laminate loadcarrying capacity and predicted damage mode was investigated. Presented numerical results were found to be in a high agreement with experimental damage tests.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87284827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The thin plane plates are largely used in practice as single elements or as components of the thin-walled members. When subjected to compression, they exhibit a large post-critical strength reserve. Various analytical solutions of the uniformly compressed simply supported plate with large deflections were reported almost a century ago, mainly solving the fundamental equations of the flat thin plates or using classic energy methods. Owing to several disadvantages, these solutions were not introduced in the design codes of thin-walled structures, instead the semi-empirical Winter formula is nowadays largely used. This study presents a new semi-analytical solution based on classic energy methods. The main innovation is brought by the considered displacement field which is far more accurate than the ones used by the previous formulations. The advantages over the Winter formula are the improved accuracy and the consideration of the initial geometric imperfections. The advantages over the numerical simulations are the very small number of degrees of freedom and consequently the speed of the geometric nonlinear analysis in the elastic domain. The proposed solutions are validated against numerical solutions and experimental data.
{"title":"Semi-analytical solutions for the compressed thin plate with large displacements","authors":"M. Nedelcu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3867168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3867168","url":null,"abstract":"The thin plane plates are largely used in practice as single elements or as components of the thin-walled members. When subjected to compression, they exhibit a large post-critical strength reserve. Various analytical solutions of the uniformly compressed simply supported plate with large deflections were reported almost a century ago, mainly solving the fundamental equations of the flat thin plates or using classic energy methods. Owing to several disadvantages, these solutions were not introduced in the design codes of thin-walled structures, instead the semi-empirical Winter formula is nowadays largely used. This study presents a new semi-analytical solution based on classic energy methods. The main innovation is brought by the considered displacement field which is far more accurate than the ones used by the previous formulations. The advantages over the Winter formula are the improved accuracy and the consideration of the initial geometric imperfections. The advantages over the numerical simulations are the very small number of degrees of freedom and consequently the speed of the geometric nonlinear analysis in the elastic domain. The proposed solutions are validated against numerical solutions and experimental data.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85594799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuxin Xu, X. Qiu, Jinlong Su, Suyu Wang, Xiaohui Zhao, F. Xing
Abstract Cu-Ti based amorphous fillers were designed based on cluster-plus-glue-atom model to join tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) and Fe-Ni-Co based superalloy (GH907). The wettability of WHA by brazing fillers was analyzed, and the interfacial microstructures and mechanical properties of brazed joints were also investigated. High constituent homogeneity and excellent flowability of amorphous fillers facilitated the superior wettability and brazeability effectively. In addition, WHA substrate/ β − Ti /(Cu, Ni)(Ti, Zr)+(Cu, Ni)(Ti, Zr)2/(Fe, Ni)Ti+Fe2Ti/GH907 substrate were identified as typical microstructures of brazed joints, and the maximum joint shear strength of 340 MPa was obtained at 1050 °C for 10 min. The underlying joining mechanisms were addressed in view of diffusion-reaction behavior and dissolution-dilution effect of multiple alloying elements.
{"title":"Brazing of Tungsten Heavy Alloy and Fe-Ni-Co Based Superalloy by a Novel Cu-Ti Based Amorphous Filler","authors":"Yuxin Xu, X. Qiu, Jinlong Su, Suyu Wang, Xiaohui Zhao, F. Xing","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3807769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3807769","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cu-Ti based amorphous fillers were designed based on cluster-plus-glue-atom model to join tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) and Fe-Ni-Co based superalloy (GH907). The wettability of WHA by brazing fillers was analyzed, and the interfacial microstructures and mechanical properties of brazed joints were also investigated. High constituent homogeneity and excellent flowability of amorphous fillers facilitated the superior wettability and brazeability effectively. In addition, WHA substrate/ β − Ti /(Cu, Ni)(Ti, Zr)+(Cu, Ni)(Ti, Zr)2/(Fe, Ni)Ti+Fe2Ti/GH907 substrate were identified as typical microstructures of brazed joints, and the maximum joint shear strength of 340 MPa was obtained at 1050 °C for 10 min. The underlying joining mechanisms were addressed in view of diffusion-reaction behavior and dissolution-dilution effect of multiple alloying elements.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87169872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is more beyond the surface of a roller coaster than just hills and drops. Every functional coaster on earth has scrutinous engineering and special principles behind it. Not all coasters are built equally, though. A handful of manufacturers from across the globe are responsible for fabricating these steel machines. Each manufacturer has its own unique style of track, support structure, and train design. Moreover, each company follows different layout guidelines and principles. The specialties of three vastly different roller coaster manufacturers are compared throughout this paper, including their history, highlights, and pitfalls. The three manufacturers under consideration are Bolliger and Mabillard (“B&M”), Gerstlauer, and Rocky Mountain Construction (“RMC”). To study their unique styles, a specific coaster built by each manufacturer is being evaluated. Dueling Dragons, a defunct inverted coaster that once stood at Universal’s Islands of Adventure, is being analyzed to represent B&M’s coasters. The Smiler, an infamous fourteen-looping coaster at Alton Towers, is explored to exemplify Gertslauer’s engineering. Finally, Iron Gwazi, a yet-to-open hybrid coaster at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay, is evaluated to understand RMC’s rides. Overall, this paper analyzes a coaster that does not exist anymore, one that is still operating as of May 2021, and an unopened ride as of the date of this paper’s authorship. To streamline the study of each coaster and manufacturer, each was evaluated via a variety of lenses. The first of these lenses, Manufacturer Overview, gives brief insight into the history and basics of each engineering firm. Following, Important Dates and History provides a backstory of the conception, design process, opening, struggles, and changes to each coaster. Afterwards, specific lenses such as Track Design, Support System, Train Design, Programming, and Lift System meticulously explore the details of each topic. These five lenses were selected because each aspect is quite different between all three manufacturers. Then, Ride-Through Description provides a detailed written explanation of the coaster’s experience from an on-ride perspective. Thematic Marketing discusses the theme of the coaster and its related advertising campaign. To draw conclusions, Highlights of the Manufacturer and Pitfalls of the Manufacturer describe what the company excels at based on the previous analysis, and what they can improve upon. To expand further, Redesign Considerations proposes realistic changes that could improve the coaster under consideration. The Summary lens restates all the notable points about the ride, and why the coaster and its manufacturer are important to the amusement industry. After the analysis of the details, strengths, and weaknesses of each manufacturer, a new hypothetical coaster named Galactic Twist is proposed. This coaster would combine the best elements and engineering principles from all three manufacturers’ roller coasters into
除了过山车的表面，还有更多的东西。地球上每一个功能性的过山车背后都有严格的工程设计和特殊的原理。不过，并非所有过山车的建造都一样。来自世界各地的几家制造商负责制造这些钢铁机器。每个制造商都有自己独特的轨道、支撑结构和列车设计风格。此外，每个公司遵循不同的布局指导方针和原则。本文比较了三家截然不同的过山车制造商的特点，包括它们的历史、亮点和缺陷。考虑中的三家制造商是Bolliger and Mabillard(“B&M”)，Gerstlauer和Rocky Mountain Construction(“RMC”)。为了研究他们独特的风格，每个制造商制造的特定过山车正在接受评估。决斗龙，一个曾经矗立在环球冒险岛的已不复存在的倒置过山车，正在被分析为代表B&M的过山车。《微笑者》是位于奥尔顿塔的臭名昭著的14圈过山车，它是格茨劳尔工程设计的典范。最后，在坦帕湾布希花园(Busch Gardens Tampa Bay)尚未开放的混合动力过山车“铁瓜子”(Iron Gwazi)被评估以了解RMC的游乐设施。总的来说，本文分析了一个已经不存在的过山车，一个截至2021年5月仍在运营的过山车，以及一个截至本文撰写之日尚未开放的过山车。为了简化对每个过山车和制造商的研究，每个过山车都通过各种镜头进行评估。这些镜头的第一个，制造商概述，给出了简要的洞察历史和基础知识的每个工程公司。接下来，重要的日期和历史提供了每个过山车的概念，设计过程，开放，斗争和变化的背景故事。之后，具体的镜头，如轨道设计，支撑系统，列车设计，编程，电梯系统精心探索每个主题的细节。之所以选择这五款镜头，是因为这三家制造商在每个方面都有很大的不同。然后，“乘坐描述”提供了从乘坐角度对过山车体验的详细书面解释。主题营销讨论过山车的主题及其相关的广告活动。为了得出结论，制造商的亮点和制造商的陷阱描述了公司在前面分析的基础上擅长的地方，以及他们可以改进的地方。为了进一步扩展，重新设计的考虑提出了现实的变化，可以改善考虑中的过山车。摘要镜头重述了过山车的所有值得注意的地方，以及为什么过山车及其制造商对娱乐行业很重要。在分析了每个制造商的细节、优势和劣势后，提出了一种名为“银河扭曲”的新型假想过山车。这款过山车将把这三家制造商的过山车的最佳元素和工程原理结合在一起，成为一个堪称典范的过山车。在本研究的最后，讨论了乘客和游乐设施运营商可以提高安全性的潜在方法。
{"title":"Beyond The Track: An Exploration and Synthesis of Three Roller Coasters","authors":"Ryan Cataldo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3876712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3876712","url":null,"abstract":"There is more beyond the surface of a roller coaster than just hills and drops. Every functional coaster on earth has scrutinous engineering and special principles behind it. Not all coasters are built equally, though. A handful of manufacturers from across the globe are responsible for fabricating these steel machines. Each manufacturer has its own unique style of track, support structure, and train design. Moreover, each company follows different layout guidelines and principles. The specialties of three vastly different roller coaster manufacturers are compared throughout this paper, including their history, highlights, and pitfalls. The three manufacturers under consideration are Bolliger and Mabillard (“B&M”), Gerstlauer, and Rocky Mountain Construction (“RMC”). To study their unique styles, a specific coaster built by each manufacturer is being evaluated. Dueling Dragons, a defunct inverted coaster that once stood at Universal’s Islands of Adventure, is being analyzed to represent B&M’s coasters. The Smiler, an infamous fourteen-looping coaster at Alton Towers, is explored to exemplify Gertslauer’s engineering. Finally, Iron Gwazi, a yet-to-open hybrid coaster at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay, is evaluated to understand RMC’s rides. Overall, this paper analyzes a coaster that does not exist anymore, one that is still operating as of May 2021, and an unopened ride as of the date of this paper’s authorship. To streamline the study of each coaster and manufacturer, each was evaluated via a variety of lenses. The first of these lenses, Manufacturer Overview, gives brief insight into the history and basics of each engineering firm. Following, Important Dates and History provides a backstory of the conception, design process, opening, struggles, and changes to each coaster. Afterwards, specific lenses such as Track Design, Support System, Train Design, Programming, and Lift System meticulously explore the details of each topic. These five lenses were selected because each aspect is quite different between all three manufacturers. Then, Ride-Through Description provides a detailed written explanation of the coaster’s experience from an on-ride perspective. Thematic Marketing discusses the theme of the coaster and its related advertising campaign. To draw conclusions, Highlights of the Manufacturer and Pitfalls of the Manufacturer describe what the company excels at based on the previous analysis, and what they can improve upon. To expand further, Redesign Considerations proposes realistic changes that could improve the coaster under consideration. The Summary lens restates all the notable points about the ride, and why the coaster and its manufacturer are important to the amusement industry. After the analysis of the details, strengths, and weaknesses of each manufacturer, a new hypothetical coaster named Galactic Twist is proposed. This coaster would combine the best elements and engineering principles from all three manufacturers’ roller coasters into","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"3556 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86661661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kuan-Hao Lin, C. Tseng, Chu-Chun Chueh, Shou-Yi Chang, Y. Lo, Wang, Su-Jien Lin, J. Yeh
The lattice distortion from a solute is mainly due to atomic size and chemical bonding differences with neighboring atoms. The lattice distortion effects in conventional alloys and high-entropy alloys are known to be different but lack of clarification. In this study, FCC-structured dilute solid solutions of Ni, Ni–2at.%W, and Ni–4at.%W and concentrated solutions of equiatomic CrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi metals were designed to compare their tensile properties. The lattice distortion of both W-containing alloys was only around the large and strong W atoms but that of the two concentrated solutions with similar inter-element atomic size and shear modulus prevailed at all lattice sites. Results showed that the trends in both types of lattice distortion were significantly different on tensile properties. The combination with strength and ductility from high concentration of distorted lattice points was superior over that from low concentration ones even the latter had larger nominal atomic size difference and shear modulus difference. The evolution mechanisms on different mechanical properties from dilute alloys to concentrated alloys were elucidated and clarified under the large contrast of lattice distortion. The universal solid solution strengthening mechanism had been established.
溶质的晶格畸变主要是由于原子大小和与邻近原子化学键的差异。传统合金和高熵合金的晶格畸变效应是不同的，但缺乏澄清。在本研究中，fcc结构的Ni, Ni - 2at稀固溶体。%W和Ni-4at。设计了%W和等原子CrFeNi和CoCrFeMnNi金属的浓溶液来比较它们的拉伸性能。两种含W合金的晶格畸变均发生在大而强的W原子周围，但元素间原子尺寸和剪切模量相似的两种浓溶液在所有晶格位置都存在晶格畸变。结果表明，两种晶格畸变的趋势在拉伸性能上有显著差异。高浓度畸变晶格点对强度和延性的综合作用优于低浓度畸变晶格点，但后者的标称原子尺寸差异和剪切模量差异更大。在晶格畸变的大对比下，阐明了稀合金到浓合金不同力学性能的演化机理。建立了通用固溶强化机理。
{"title":"Different Lattice Distortion Effects on the Tensile Properties of Ni-W Dilute Solutions and CrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi Concentrated Solutions","authors":"Kuan-Hao Lin, C. Tseng, Chu-Chun Chueh, Shou-Yi Chang, Y. Lo, Wang, Su-Jien Lin, J. Yeh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3834123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3834123","url":null,"abstract":"The lattice distortion from a solute is mainly due to atomic size and chemical bonding differences with neighboring atoms. The lattice distortion effects in conventional alloys and high-entropy alloys are known to be different but lack of clarification. In this study, FCC-structured dilute solid solutions of Ni, Ni–2at.%W, and Ni–4at.%W and concentrated solutions of equiatomic CrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi metals were designed to compare their tensile properties. The lattice distortion of both W-containing alloys was only around the large and strong W atoms but that of the two concentrated solutions with similar inter-element atomic size and shear modulus prevailed at all lattice sites. Results showed that the trends in both types of lattice distortion were significantly different on tensile properties. The combination with strength and ductility from high concentration of distorted lattice points was superior over that from low concentration ones even the latter had larger nominal atomic size difference and shear modulus difference. The evolution mechanisms on different mechanical properties from dilute alloys to concentrated alloys were elucidated and clarified under the large contrast of lattice distortion. The universal solid solution strengthening mechanism had been established.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81984379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 21st century grids are characterised by increasing complexity of the system: high intermittent renewable energy sources (iRES) penetration requires additional flexibility and ancillary services from the other technologies (for example inertia, frequency responses, etc.). Accordingly, evaluating power technologies, i.e., power generation and storage, with LCOE, that exclusively emphasises the value of energy, alone can be misleading. On the other hand, performing detailed modeling analysis requires an enormous amount of effort and data which may not be accessible. To fill this gap, this study proposes a new metric to evaluate the performance of power technologies in the system. In addition to energy, a range of ancillary services is also considered. To balance completeness and ease of use, only the most valuable services are included in the new concept. To quantify the value of those services, we employed the Electricity System Optimisation framework with ancillary services (ESO-ANCIL) using UK electricity system as the case. Our analysis shows that although all services are valuable, capacity and energy services are the most significant. Whilst the technology screening curve is a practical approach to value those services and to derive optimal technology mix based on the system’s load duration curve, such method cannot evaluate iRES and electricity storage in the system. Therefore, we introduced a new set of rules and formulations to allow the application of the analysis for those technologies. As such, the proposed concept is particularly valuable to estimate the optimal deployment level and role or power technologies in providing energy and capacity services to the grid. Our proposed concept proves to be an easy-to-use concept that is capable in valuing a more complete set of services offered by power generation and storage technologies and can be used as an alternative to the LCOE.
{"title":"Screening Curve for Valuing Power Generation and Storage Technologies in the 21st Century Grid","authors":"Y. Pratama, Niall Mac Dowell","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3821841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3821841","url":null,"abstract":"The 21st century grids are characterised by increasing complexity of the system: high intermittent renewable energy sources (iRES) penetration requires additional flexibility and ancillary services from the other technologies (for example inertia, frequency responses, etc.). Accordingly, evaluating power technologies, i.e., power generation and storage, with LCOE, that exclusively emphasises the value of energy, alone can be misleading. On the other hand, performing detailed modeling analysis requires an enormous amount of effort and data which may not be accessible. To fill this gap, this study proposes a new metric to evaluate the performance of power technologies in the system. In addition to energy, a range of ancillary services is also considered. To balance completeness and ease of use, only the most valuable services are included in the new concept. To quantify the value of those services, we employed the Electricity System Optimisation framework with ancillary services (ESO-ANCIL) using UK electricity system as the case. Our analysis shows that although all services are valuable, capacity and energy services are the most significant. Whilst the technology screening curve is a practical approach to value those services and to derive optimal technology mix based on the system’s load duration curve, such method cannot evaluate iRES and electricity storage in the system. Therefore, we introduced a new set of rules and formulations to allow the application of the analysis for those technologies. As such, the proposed concept is particularly valuable to estimate the optimal deployment level and role or power technologies in providing energy and capacity services to the grid. Our proposed concept proves to be an easy-to-use concept that is capable in valuing a more complete set of services offered by power generation and storage technologies and can be used as an alternative to the LCOE.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89606971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The work presented in this paper is related to assessment and benchmarking of a MOF based membrane technology for application of carbon capture in a cement plant and has been conducted in the ongoing H2020 project GENESIS Two alternatives for a two-stage membrane-based process were established and simulated in Aspen Plus while a generic crossflow model of the membrane was developed and implemented in Aspen Custom Modeler. As a reference case for the benchmarking a conventional absorber/stripper configuration with 30wt% MEA as solvent was used. For the cost calculation the Aspen In Plant Cost Estimator (AIPCE) tool combined with an in-house tool were used and the assessment criteria were the Specific Primary Energy Consumption for CO2 Avoided (SPECCA) and the cost of CO2 avoided. The determined SPECCA for both the membrane alternatives are similar, but approximately half of the SPECCA for the reference case. Since the cost of the membrane is highly uncertain, a sensitivity analysis was performed, but it turned out that only one of the membrane process alternatives with the lowest membrane cost outperforms the reference case related to avoided cost. Though the OPEX costs are promising for four of the membrane cases, capital costs are high for all membrane cases. These results are based on a specification of 90% capture rate and at least 95% purity of the separated CO2.
{"title":"Benchmarking of a Membrane Technology for Tail-end Application in a Cement Plant","authors":"H. Kvamsdal, G. Haugen, N. Eldrup","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3820500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3820500","url":null,"abstract":"The work presented in this paper is related to assessment and benchmarking of a MOF based membrane technology for application of carbon capture in a cement plant and has been conducted in the ongoing H2020 project GENESIS Two alternatives for a two-stage membrane-based process were established and simulated in Aspen Plus while a generic crossflow model of the membrane was developed and implemented in Aspen Custom Modeler. As a reference case for the benchmarking a conventional absorber/stripper configuration with 30wt% MEA as solvent was used. For the cost calculation the Aspen In Plant Cost Estimator (AIPCE) tool combined with an in-house tool were used and the assessment criteria were the Specific Primary Energy Consumption for CO2 Avoided (SPECCA) and the cost of CO2 avoided. The determined SPECCA for both the membrane alternatives are similar, but approximately half of the SPECCA for the reference case. Since the cost of the membrane is highly uncertain, a sensitivity analysis was performed, but it turned out that only one of the membrane process alternatives with the lowest membrane cost outperforms the reference case related to avoided cost. Though the OPEX costs are promising for four of the membrane cases, capital costs are high for all membrane cases. These results are based on a specification of 90% capture rate and at least 95% purity of the separated CO2.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88340465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Qu, Z.J. Zhang, J.X. Yan, P. Zhang, B. Gong, S.L. Lu, Z. Zhang, T. Langdon
A general rule of strength and plasticity is proposed for three typical wrought Al alloys (2xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx) subjected to different aging times. Investigations of the work-hardening processes and dislocation configurations in tensile and compressive testing reveal that this general rule arises because there is a common mechanism for these three kinds of wrought alloys whereby the tendency for cross-slip increases monotonously with aging time. By analyzing the work-hardening exponent and the stacking fault energy, it is demonstrated that the change in the dislocation slip mode is attributed mainly to the formation of second phases rather than to the matrix composition. Accordingly, a new work-hardening model is proposed for wrought Al alloys containing second phases and this explains the interaction between dislocations and second phases and other relevant experimental phenomena. This study is therefore beneficial for quantitatively investigating and optimizing the strength and plasticity of wrought aluminum alloys.
{"title":"Examining the Effect of the Aging State on Strength and Plasticity of Wrought Aluminum Alloys","authors":"Z. Qu, Z.J. Zhang, J.X. Yan, P. Zhang, B. Gong, S.L. Lu, Z. Zhang, T. Langdon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3817901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3817901","url":null,"abstract":"A general rule of strength and plasticity is proposed for three typical wrought Al alloys (2xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx) subjected to different aging times. Investigations of the work-hardening processes and dislocation configurations in tensile and compressive testing reveal that this general rule arises because there is a common mechanism for these three kinds of wrought alloys whereby the tendency for cross-slip increases monotonously with aging time. By analyzing the work-hardening exponent and the stacking fault energy, it is demonstrated that the change in the dislocation slip mode is attributed mainly to the formation of second phases rather than to the matrix composition. Accordingly, a new work-hardening model is proposed for wrought Al alloys containing second phases and this explains the interaction between dislocations and second phases and other relevant experimental phenomena. This study is therefore beneficial for quantitatively investigating and optimizing the strength and plasticity of wrought aluminum alloys.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85836155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001693
A. Soehardjono, Candra Aditya
Cracks that occur in rigid pavements include longitudinal cracks, transverse cracks, and corner cracks. The relatively large crack width not only spoils the aesthetics of the concrete structural elements but can also lead to structural failure. This study aims to determine the crack width of a rigid pavement concrete slab located above the subgrade which is considered a beam on an elastic foundation, so that a minimum rigid pavement concrete slab thickness can be recommended. The specimen will be observed at various thicknesses to obtain the optimum thickness. The load used is a centralized monotonous load, which represents the load of the truck vehicle. The research limitation is using a test object in the form of a concrete plate measuring 2000x600 mm which is placed on the ground with CBR=6 %. The quality of reinforced concrete slabs is fc'=40 MPa and fy=440.31 MPa. The thickness of the concrete slab varies between 100 mm, 150 mm, and 200 mm. The slab placed on the ground is then given a central loading in the form of a centralized monotonic load. The loading range starts from a load of 2–180 kN with a load interval of 2 kN. The experimental results show that the rigid pavement slab has a bending failure so that the crack pattern that occurs begins with the first crack on the underside of the slab. The crack pattern in terms of slab thickness variation has a similar pattern. The initial crack width on the slab is 0.04 mm. The thicker the slab smaller the crack width at the same load. Based on the maximum allowable crack width=0.3 mm. For loads between (80–100) kN (Road Class I, II, and III), a minimum thickness of rigid pavement slabs (70–80) mm is recommended. For loads between (130–140) kN, the minimum thickness of the rigid pavement slab (105–115) mm is recommended
{"title":"Analysis of the Effect of Slab Thickness on Crack Width in Rigid Pavement Slabs","authors":"A. Soehardjono, Candra Aditya","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001693","url":null,"abstract":"Cracks that occur in rigid pavements include longitudinal cracks, transverse cracks, and corner cracks. The relatively large crack width not only spoils the aesthetics of the concrete structural elements but can also lead to structural failure. This study aims to determine the crack width of a rigid pavement concrete slab located above the subgrade which is considered a beam on an elastic foundation, so that a minimum rigid pavement concrete slab thickness can be recommended. The specimen will be observed at various thicknesses to obtain the optimum thickness. The load used is a centralized monotonous load, which represents the load of the truck vehicle. The research limitation is using a test object in the form of a concrete plate measuring 2000x600 mm which is placed on the ground with CBR=6 %. The quality of reinforced concrete slabs is fc'=40 MPa and fy=440.31 MPa. The thickness of the concrete slab varies between 100 mm, 150 mm, and 200 mm. The slab placed on the ground is then given a central loading in the form of a centralized monotonic load. The loading range starts from a load of 2–180 kN with a load interval of 2 kN. The experimental results show that the rigid pavement slab has a bending failure so that the crack pattern that occurs begins with the first crack on the underside of the slab. The crack pattern in terms of slab thickness variation has a similar pattern. The initial crack width on the slab is 0.04 mm. The thicker the slab smaller the crack width at the same load. Based on the maximum allowable crack width=0.3 mm. For loads between (80–100) kN (Road Class I, II, and III), a minimum thickness of rigid pavement slabs (70–80) mm is recommended. For loads between (130–140) kN, the minimum thickness of the rigid pavement slab (105–115) mm is recommended","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74626999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001686
O. Fomin, A. Lovska, D. Ivanchenko, S. Zinchenko, V. Píštěk
To increase the efficiency of using railway transport, the possibility of using new designs of bogies, for example, Y25 under "wide gauge" wagons was considered. In order to substantiate the proposed solution, mathematical modeling of the dynamic loading of the hopper wagon Y25 bogies was carried out. A hopper wagon for the transportation of pellets and hot sinter model 20-9749 built by the State Enterprise "Ukrspetsvagon" (Ukraine) was chosen as a prototype. The simulation results showed that the use of Y25 bogies for hopper wagons allows to reduce the acceleration of its load-bearing structure, in comparison with the use of conventional 18100 bogies, by 36 %. Other performance indicators are also significantly improved. The use of Y25 bogies for hopper wagons with actual parameters allows to reduce the acceleration of its load-bearing structure, in comparison with the use of conventional 18100 bogies, by 28 %. The determination of the main indicators of the strength of the bearing structure of the hopper wagon Y25 bogie was carried out. The calculation was carried out in the SolidWorks Simulation software package (CosmosWorks), (France), which implements the finite element method. The calculations showed that the maximum equivalent stresses in the load-bearing structure of a hopper wagon with nominal parameters are 17 % lower than the stress acting in the load-bearing structure of a wagon on bogies 18–100 V of the load-bearing structure of a hopper wagon with actual parameters, the maximum equivalent stresses are 12 % lower per voltage in the load-bearing structure on bogies 18100. The conducted research will help to reduce the load on the load-bearing structures of hopper wagons in operation, improve the dynamics and strength indicators, as well as their service life
{"title":"Study of Loading of the Load-Bearing Structure of Hopper Wagons on Y25 Bogies","authors":"O. Fomin, A. Lovska, D. Ivanchenko, S. Zinchenko, V. Píštěk","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001686","url":null,"abstract":"To increase the efficiency of using railway transport, the possibility of using new designs of bogies, for example, Y25 under \"wide gauge\" wagons was considered. In order to substantiate the proposed solution, mathematical modeling of the dynamic loading of the hopper wagon Y25 bogies was carried out. A hopper wagon for the transportation of pellets and hot sinter model 20-9749 built by the State Enterprise \"Ukrspetsvagon\" (Ukraine) was chosen as a prototype. The simulation results showed that the use of Y25 bogies for hopper wagons allows to reduce the acceleration of its load-bearing structure, in comparison with the use of conventional 18100 bogies, by 36 %. Other performance indicators are also significantly improved. \u0000The use of Y25 bogies for hopper wagons with actual parameters allows to reduce the acceleration of its load-bearing structure, in comparison with the use of conventional 18100 bogies, by 28 %. \u0000The determination of the main indicators of the strength of the bearing structure of the hopper wagon Y25 bogie was carried out. The calculation was carried out in the SolidWorks Simulation software package (CosmosWorks), (France), which implements the finite element method. The calculations showed that the maximum equivalent stresses in the load-bearing structure of a hopper wagon with nominal parameters are 17 % lower than the stress acting in the load-bearing structure of a wagon on bogies 18–100 V of the load-bearing structure of a hopper wagon with actual parameters, the maximum equivalent stresses are 12 % lower per voltage in the load-bearing structure on bogies 18100. \u0000The conducted research will help to reduce the load on the load-bearing structures of hopper wagons in operation, improve the dynamics and strength indicators, as well as their service life","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77208528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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