Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55833
निर्मला कुमारी Nirmala Kumari वम Bam
प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेख भी.न.पा.–१८, शिवशंकर टोल कन्चनपुरमा घरेलु महिला हिंसाको अवस्था शीर्षकमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । घरेलु हिंसाको कारण पारिवारिक स्थिति, आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनैतिक, वैवाहिक स्थितिसँग सम्बन्धित समस्याहरू पुरूषको तुलनामा महिलाहरू नै भोग्न बाध्य हुनुपर्ने कारणहरू, यसका रूप एवम् परिणामहरूको बारे बोध गर्न‘ यस अध्ययनको मुख्य उद्देश्य रहेको छ । यसको अध्ययन विधिमा वर्णनात्मक एवं विश्लेषणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचाको प्रयोग गरेको छ शिवशंकर टोलका २३६ घरधुरी मध्येबाट ५५ घरधुरीका महिलाहरूलाई उत्तरदाताको रूपमा संलग्न गरिएको अध्ययनमा महिलाहरूसँग प्रत्यक्ष वा अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा कुराकानी, अवलोकन, घरधुरी सर्वेक्षण आदि कार्यबाट महिलाहरूले भोग्नु परेको घरेलु हिंसाको बारेमा मुख्यतया तथ्यको नजिक पुग्ने अध्ययनमा संलग्न गरिएका ५५ जना महिलाहरूको पारिवारिक स्थिति, आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनैतिक, वैवाहिक स्थिति लगायत हिंसाबाट पिडित हुनुको मुख्य कारणहरू, यसकारूप एवम् परिणामहरू खोतल्नु रहेको छ । महिलाहरूले भोग्नु परेका घरेलु हिंसा र यससँग सम्बन्धित सामाजिक, आर्थिक,राजनैतिक, पारिवारिक, शैक्षिक लगायतका विषयवस्तुसँग प्रत्यक्ष अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा जोडिन आउने कुराहरूलाई उजागर गरी केही मात्रामा प्रस्फुटन गर्ने कोशिश गरिएको छ । नेपाली समाजमा गहिरो जरा गाडेको पितृसत्ता र लैङ्गिक भूमिकाका कारण महिलामाथि हुने हिंसा जहिले पनि व्याप्त छ । नेपालमा पितृसत्तामा केन्द्रित एउटा सामाजिक संरचना विद्यमान छ । महिलाहरूलाई कानुनी, आर्थिक वा सामाजिक निर्णय गर्ने कुनै स्वतन्त्रता दिइएको छैन, जसले गर्दा महिलाहरुको जीवन दिनानुदिन संकटग्रस्त हुन पुगेको छ ।
{"title":"घरेलु महिला हिंसाःशिवशंकरटोल, भी.न.पा.–१८ कन्चनपुरको अवस्था विश्लेषण {Domestic violence against women: Situation analysis of Shivshankartol, B.N.P.-18 Kanchanpur}","authors":"निर्मला कुमारी Nirmala Kumari वम Bam","doi":"10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55833","url":null,"abstract":"प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेख भी.न.पा.–१८, शिवशंकर टोल कन्चनपुरमा घरेलु महिला हिंसाको अवस्था शीर्षकमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । घरेलु हिंसाको कारण पारिवारिक स्थिति, आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनैतिक, वैवाहिक स्थितिसँग सम्बन्धित समस्याहरू पुरूषको तुलनामा महिलाहरू नै भोग्न बाध्य हुनुपर्ने कारणहरू, यसका रूप एवम् परिणामहरूको बारे बोध गर्न‘ यस अध्ययनको मुख्य उद्देश्य रहेको छ । यसको अध्ययन विधिमा वर्णनात्मक एवं विश्लेषणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचाको प्रयोग गरेको छ शिवशंकर टोलका २३६ घरधुरी मध्येबाट ५५ घरधुरीका महिलाहरूलाई उत्तरदाताको रूपमा संलग्न गरिएको अध्ययनमा महिलाहरूसँग प्रत्यक्ष वा अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा कुराकानी, अवलोकन, घरधुरी सर्वेक्षण आदि कार्यबाट महिलाहरूले भोग्नु परेको घरेलु हिंसाको बारेमा मुख्यतया तथ्यको नजिक पुग्ने अध्ययनमा संलग्न गरिएका ५५ जना महिलाहरूको पारिवारिक स्थिति, आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनैतिक, वैवाहिक स्थिति लगायत हिंसाबाट पिडित हुनुको मुख्य कारणहरू, यसकारूप एवम् परिणामहरू खोतल्नु रहेको छ । महिलाहरूले भोग्नु परेका घरेलु हिंसा र यससँग सम्बन्धित सामाजिक, आर्थिक,राजनैतिक, पारिवारिक, शैक्षिक लगायतका विषयवस्तुसँग प्रत्यक्ष अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा जोडिन आउने कुराहरूलाई उजागर गरी केही मात्रामा प्रस्फुटन गर्ने कोशिश गरिएको छ । नेपाली समाजमा गहिरो जरा गाडेको पितृसत्ता र लैङ्गिक भूमिकाका कारण महिलामाथि हुने हिंसा जहिले पनि व्याप्त छ । नेपालमा पितृसत्तामा केन्द्रित एउटा सामाजिक संरचना विद्यमान छ । महिलाहरूलाई कानुनी, आर्थिक वा सामाजिक निर्णय गर्ने कुनै स्वतन्त्रता दिइएको छैन, जसले गर्दा महिलाहरुको जीवन दिनानुदिन संकटग्रस्त हुन पुगेको छ ।","PeriodicalId":18263,"journal":{"name":"McNair Scholars Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87964463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55776
Arjun Singh Negi
Language and culture are interrelated. Culture finds its expression in language; so, learning a new language without familiarity with its culture remains incomplete. English speakers at present have dual challenges: one to be able to adopt in world cultures and to promote their local culture in comparison to other cultures. The main purpose of this study is to explore lived experiences of University Level English teachers regarding the promotion of intercultural communication in English Language Teaching classes. The researcher has applied interpretive paradigm, phenomenology as the research design under qualitative research method. Four English language teachers from central campus, Far Western University are the informants for the study. As the data collection tools, in depth interview and personal narratives have been used. The participants are found positive in the promotion of intercultural communication through English language teaching as well as in promoting their local cultures. The study will be useful for teachers, students, curriculum designers, as well as researchers.
{"title":"Enhancing Intercultural Communication through English Language Teaching at the University Level","authors":"Arjun Singh Negi","doi":"10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55776","url":null,"abstract":"Language and culture are interrelated. Culture finds its expression in language; so, learning a new language without familiarity with its culture remains incomplete. English speakers at present have dual challenges: one to be able to adopt in world cultures and to promote their local culture in comparison to other cultures. The main purpose of this study is to explore lived experiences of University Level English teachers regarding the promotion of intercultural communication in English Language Teaching classes. The researcher has applied interpretive paradigm, phenomenology as the research design under qualitative research method. Four English language teachers from central campus, Far Western University are the informants for the study. As the data collection tools, in depth interview and personal narratives have been used. The participants are found positive in the promotion of intercultural communication through English language teaching as well as in promoting their local cultures. The study will be useful for teachers, students, curriculum designers, as well as researchers.","PeriodicalId":18263,"journal":{"name":"McNair Scholars Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90409252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55789
Devi Kumari Neupane
Factors Affecting School Participation of Visually impaired children is a narrative inquiry on the affecting factors that hinders the visually impaired children at school and home from learning. This research aims at exploring the current scenario of the participation of visual impaired children in school education and its affecting factors. I used qualitative research design with a narrative approach. The site of this study was one of the community schools in the Parsa district. The population of this research was two students and a teacher from the school. I used a purposive sampling procedure. I conducted an in-depth interview using interview guidelines as a data collection tool, developed themes based on the information provided by the participants, and linked them with theories. It was found that the participation of visually impaired children seemed very poor being affected by the factors like-poverty, pedagogical preparation, required materials for visually impaired children, peer behavior, lack of self-efficacy, decreased ability to perform physical tasks, traditional perceptions towards disability, violence and defending capability. This research will support the policymakers, teachers, related stakeholders, and duty bearers for policy making and implementation to increase the participation of visual impairment students in school education and reduce the factors that influence them to place them in educational opportunities.
{"title":"Factors Affecting School Participation of Visually Impaired Children","authors":"Devi Kumari Neupane","doi":"10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55789","url":null,"abstract":"Factors Affecting School Participation of Visually impaired children is a narrative inquiry on the affecting factors that hinders the visually impaired children at school and home from learning. This research aims at exploring the current scenario of the participation of visual impaired children in school education and its affecting factors. I used qualitative research design with a narrative approach. The site of this study was one of the community schools in the Parsa district. The population of this research was two students and a teacher from the school. I used a purposive sampling procedure. I conducted an in-depth interview using interview guidelines as a data collection tool, developed themes based on the information provided by the participants, and linked them with theories. It was found that the participation of visually impaired children seemed very poor being affected by the factors like-poverty, pedagogical preparation, required materials for visually impaired children, peer behavior, lack of self-efficacy, decreased ability to perform physical tasks, traditional perceptions towards disability, violence and defending capability. This research will support the policymakers, teachers, related stakeholders, and duty bearers for policy making and implementation to increase the participation of visual impairment students in school education and reduce the factors that influence them to place them in educational opportunities.","PeriodicalId":18263,"journal":{"name":"McNair Scholars Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76943023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55801
Deb Bahadur Chhetri
The COVID-19 pandemic scenario suspended educational activities. The traditional face-to-face educational model was replaced by an online one. The online mode of instruction has been adopted by higher education institutions. The direct conversation was broken off. To understand the justification for continuing the online method in higher education in the context of Nepal, it is reasonable to examine how both students and teachers feel about face-to-face learning that is done online. For the present study mixed method study design was adopted aimed to identify the perception of faculties and students at the university level towards online learning. Only 119 students and 44 faculties of the Tribhuvan University of Nepal were surveyed based on accidental sampling through the questionnaire. Only 6students and 6 faculties were included in the focus group discussion. The perception of students and faculties was identified through the Likert-type scale and focus group discussion. Faculties have experienced stressful, painful, transformative experiences toward online learning. However, students have experienced effective, enjoyable experiences except for connectivity problems and less interactive environments towards online learning. From the comparative perspective, the perception of faculty members includes the lack of students’ participation in the learning process, inactivity and difficulty to expose on the screen for a long time.
{"title":"Perception towards Online and Face to Face Learning","authors":"Deb Bahadur Chhetri","doi":"10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55801","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic scenario suspended educational activities. The traditional face-to-face educational model was replaced by an online one. The online mode of instruction has been adopted by higher education institutions. The direct conversation was broken off. To understand the justification for continuing the online method in higher education in the context of Nepal, it is reasonable to examine how both students and teachers feel about face-to-face learning that is done online. For the present study mixed method study design was adopted aimed to identify the perception of faculties and students at the university level towards online learning. Only 119 students and 44 faculties of the Tribhuvan University of Nepal were surveyed based on accidental sampling through the questionnaire. Only 6students and 6 faculties were included in the focus group discussion. The perception of students and faculties was identified through the Likert-type scale and focus group discussion. Faculties have experienced stressful, painful, transformative experiences toward online learning. However, students have experienced effective, enjoyable experiences except for connectivity problems and less interactive environments towards online learning. From the comparative perspective, the perception of faculty members includes the lack of students’ participation in the learning process, inactivity and difficulty to expose on the screen for a long time.","PeriodicalId":18263,"journal":{"name":"McNair Scholars Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83278308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55809
Bal Dev Bhatt
In this research article the current learning practices to the students with physical disabilities are discussed. It is a qualitative study. The main objective of the study is to analyze current learning practices used for students with physical disabilities in Kailali district. Interview schedule and classed observation were the major tools for the collection of data in the study. The researcher chose case study as a research design. In this study, the organization is a case where physically disabled students stay and study. Among eight teachers three teachers were selected through Purposive sampling method. The data were collected from teachers who were teaching physically disabled students in school teaching. The findings of the study showed that the practice of teaching physically disabled students seemed to be difficult and challenging. The foremost reason behind this is the lack of disability-assistive infrastructure, parental support, social stigma, teachers training and awareness. Moreover, the findings revealed that teachers’ professionalism, engagement with students, planning for the lesson, inculcating the spirit of a creative and critical thinking and setting goals can prove instrumental to maximize students’ outcomes. The implication of the study is that the teachers should enhance special skills to deal with physically disabled students for their better performance.
{"title":"The Learning Practices of the Students with Physical Disabilities","authors":"Bal Dev Bhatt","doi":"10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55809","url":null,"abstract":"In this research article the current learning practices to the students with physical disabilities are discussed. It is a qualitative study. The main objective of the study is to analyze current learning practices used for students with physical disabilities in Kailali district. Interview schedule and classed observation were the major tools for the collection of data in the study. The researcher chose case study as a research design. In this study, the organization is a case where physically disabled students stay and study. Among eight teachers three teachers were selected through Purposive sampling method. The data were collected from teachers who were teaching physically disabled students in school teaching. The findings of the study showed that the practice of teaching physically disabled students seemed to be difficult and challenging. The foremost reason behind this is the lack of disability-assistive infrastructure, parental support, social stigma, teachers training and awareness. Moreover, the findings revealed that teachers’ professionalism, engagement with students, planning for the lesson, inculcating the spirit of a creative and critical thinking and setting goals can prove instrumental to maximize students’ outcomes. The implication of the study is that the teachers should enhance special skills to deal with physically disabled students for their better performance.","PeriodicalId":18263,"journal":{"name":"McNair Scholars Journal","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78009974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55800
Hari Singh Saud
Social marketing tends to use commercial marketing tools and strategies to change people’s behavior for the betterment of the individual. Social marketing campaigns are used to deliver messages tothe target groups. Social marketing campaigns disseminate information to the target groups to bring awareness about social causes or issues. The campaign provides messages to modify the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of a large proportion of the population. This paper discusses the 8 Ps of social marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion, public, policy, partnership, and purse strings) and its application during the global pandemic of COVID-19. The comprehensive qualitative synthesis did of previously published information. The original research articles were extracted from google scholar in November 2021 by using search keywords “social marketing” OR “social marketing mix” AND“COVID-19” OR “ Coronavirus Disease 2019”. The study’s primary finding of this paper was that social marketing mix strategies (8 ps) had significantly applied to increase public awareness during the global pandemic of COVID-19. In addition, the research paper identifies some emerging areas for future research. The quantitative review techniques would be a valuable future extension such as systematic,bibliometric, and meta-analysis. This research paper offers an application of social marketing mix strategies to prevent such a pandemic and provides a guide for future research on social marketing mix.
{"title":"Application of Social Marketing Mix Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Hari Singh Saud","doi":"10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55800","url":null,"abstract":"Social marketing tends to use commercial marketing tools and strategies to change people’s behavior for the betterment of the individual. Social marketing campaigns are used to deliver messages tothe target groups. Social marketing campaigns disseminate information to the target groups to bring awareness about social causes or issues. The campaign provides messages to modify the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of a large proportion of the population. This paper discusses the 8 Ps of social marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion, public, policy, partnership, and purse strings) and its application during the global pandemic of COVID-19. The comprehensive qualitative synthesis did of previously published information. The original research articles were extracted from google scholar in November 2021 by using search keywords “social marketing” OR “social marketing mix” AND“COVID-19” OR “ Coronavirus Disease 2019”. The study’s primary finding of this paper was that social marketing mix strategies (8 ps) had significantly applied to increase public awareness during the global pandemic of COVID-19. In addition, the research paper identifies some emerging areas for future research. The quantitative review techniques would be a valuable future extension such as systematic,bibliometric, and meta-analysis. This research paper offers an application of social marketing mix strategies to prevent such a pandemic and provides a guide for future research on social marketing mix.","PeriodicalId":18263,"journal":{"name":"McNair Scholars Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89830538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/scholars.v4i1.42699
भुवन Bhuwan भण्डारी Bhandari
विपद् व्यवस्थापन दिगो विकासको मुलभूत सिद्धान्तसँग प्रत्यक्ष रूपमा जोडिएको विषय हो । प्रायः प्राकृतिक एवम्मानव सिर्जित प्रकोपका घटनाहरूबाट जोखिम बढ्दै गएको देखिन्छ । यस अनुसन्धानमा गुणात्मक विधि अन्तर्गतदस्तावेज अवस्था अध्ययन ढाँचाको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यसको लागि विभिन्न दस्तावेज, पत्रपत्रिकाहरू, अनलाइनसामग्री जस्ता द्वितीयक अनुसन्धान उपकरणहरूको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशका कैलाली–कञ्चनपुरमा विपद्जोखिम न्यूनीकरण तथा व्यवस्थापन गर्न सञ्चार साधनहरूको प्रयोग कसरी गरिएको छ भन्ने कुरा अन्वेषण गर्नु यसअध्ययनको मुख्य उद्देश्य रहेको छ । यस अध्ययन अनुसार विपद् जोखिमको अवस्था उत्पन्न हुनुमा मुख्य कारण जनसंख्याबृद्धि नै हो भने अन्यमा प्राकृतिक स्रोतमाथिको अत्यधिक निर्भरता, विश्वव्यापी तापमान बृद्धि तथा उष्णीयकरणलेमौसमी÷जलवायुजन्य जोखिम रहेको छ । विपद् व्यवस्थापन योजना तर्जुमा निर्देशिकाकै आधारमा विपद् वा जोखिमबाट पर्नसक्ने तात्कालिक, अल्पकालिक/मध्यकालिक तथा दीर्घकालिक प्रभावको सही विश्लेषण, न्यूनीकरण तथा व्यवस्थापनप्रक्रियालाई संस्थागत गरी प्रत्येक जिल्लाको दिगो विकासको गतिलाई तीब्रता दिने उद्देश्य पनि स्पष्टै किटान गरिएका छन् ।यसैकारण सन् २०१० देखि २०१९ सम्मको तथ्याङ्कलाई हेर्दा यस प्रदेशमा मात्रै बाढी तथा डुबानबाट १९१ वटा घटनाहरूघटिसकेकोमा कैलाली र कञ्चनपुरमा मात्रै २३ हजार ५ सय घरधुरी प्रभावित भएका छन् । {Disaster management is a topic directly linked to the basic principles of sustainable development. Most natural and man-made disasters seem to increase the risk. Documentary condition study framework has been used in this research under qualitative method. For this, various research tools such as documents, journals, online materials have been used. The main objective of this study is to explore how the means of communication have been used for disaster risk reduction and management in Kailali-Kanchanpur in the far western region. According to this study, population growth is the main reason for the emergence of disaster risk conditions, while others include seasonal / climatic risks due to over-reliance on natural resources, global warming and warming. In the formulation of Disaster Management Plan, the objective of accelerating the pace of sustainable development of each district by institutionalizing the process of accurate analysis, mitigation and management of immediate, short-term / medium-term and long-term impact of disaster risk has been clearly stated. As many as 19,500 incidents of floods and inundation have affected 23,500 households in Kailali and Kanchanpur districts alone.}
{"title":"सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशका कैलाली–कञ्चनपुरमा विपद् जोखिम न्यूनीकरण तथा व्यवस्थापन {Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in Kailali-Kanchanpur of Far Western Province}","authors":"भुवन Bhuwan भण्डारी Bhandari","doi":"10.3126/scholars.v4i1.42699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/scholars.v4i1.42699","url":null,"abstract":"विपद् व्यवस्थापन दिगो विकासको मुलभूत सिद्धान्तसँग प्रत्यक्ष रूपमा जोडिएको विषय हो । प्रायः प्राकृतिक एवम्मानव सिर्जित प्रकोपका घटनाहरूबाट जोखिम बढ्दै गएको देखिन्छ । यस अनुसन्धानमा गुणात्मक विधि अन्तर्गतदस्तावेज अवस्था अध्ययन ढाँचाको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यसको लागि विभिन्न दस्तावेज, पत्रपत्रिकाहरू, अनलाइनसामग्री जस्ता द्वितीयक अनुसन्धान उपकरणहरूको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशका कैलाली–कञ्चनपुरमा विपद्जोखिम न्यूनीकरण तथा व्यवस्थापन गर्न सञ्चार साधनहरूको प्रयोग कसरी गरिएको छ भन्ने कुरा अन्वेषण गर्नु यसअध्ययनको मुख्य उद्देश्य रहेको छ । यस अध्ययन अनुसार विपद् जोखिमको अवस्था उत्पन्न हुनुमा मुख्य कारण जनसंख्याबृद्धि नै हो भने अन्यमा प्राकृतिक स्रोतमाथिको अत्यधिक निर्भरता, विश्वव्यापी तापमान बृद्धि तथा उष्णीयकरणलेमौसमी÷जलवायुजन्य जोखिम रहेको छ । विपद् व्यवस्थापन योजना तर्जुमा निर्देशिकाकै आधारमा विपद् वा जोखिमबाट पर्नसक्ने तात्कालिक, अल्पकालिक/मध्यकालिक तथा दीर्घकालिक प्रभावको सही विश्लेषण, न्यूनीकरण तथा व्यवस्थापनप्रक्रियालाई संस्थागत गरी प्रत्येक जिल्लाको दिगो विकासको गतिलाई तीब्रता दिने उद्देश्य पनि स्पष्टै किटान गरिएका छन् ।यसैकारण सन् २०१० देखि २०१९ सम्मको तथ्याङ्कलाई हेर्दा यस प्रदेशमा मात्रै बाढी तथा डुबानबाट १९१ वटा घटनाहरूघटिसकेकोमा कैलाली र कञ्चनपुरमा मात्रै २३ हजार ५ सय घरधुरी प्रभावित भएका छन् । {Disaster management is a topic directly linked to the basic principles of sustainable development. Most natural and man-made disasters seem to increase the risk. Documentary condition study framework has been used in this research under qualitative method. For this, various research tools such as documents, journals, online materials have been used. The main objective of this study is to explore how the means of communication have been used for disaster risk reduction and management in Kailali-Kanchanpur in the far western region. According to this study, population growth is the main reason for the emergence of disaster risk conditions, while others include seasonal / climatic risks due to over-reliance on natural resources, global warming and warming. In the formulation of Disaster Management Plan, the objective of accelerating the pace of sustainable development of each district by institutionalizing the process of accurate analysis, mitigation and management of immediate, short-term / medium-term and long-term impact of disaster risk has been clearly stated. As many as 19,500 incidents of floods and inundation have affected 23,500 households in Kailali and Kanchanpur districts alone.}","PeriodicalId":18263,"journal":{"name":"McNair Scholars Journal","volume":"265 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76774232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/scholars.v4i1.42457
Khim Raj Subedi
This paper focuses on the considerations in determining the number of participants for qualitative research because of the lack of clear guidelines in this area. The study has employed a semi-systematic literature review that is embedded with the researcher's experience. The study has concluded that the purpose of the research, methodological choices, theoretical framework and analytical strategy, data saturation, researcher's knowledge and experience, and institutional and supervisor's requirements need to be considered while choosing the participants in qualitative research. In addition, the focus has been to explore in-depth information from small number of participants. Generally, participants in qualitative research can be added or removed during the research process rather than the prior determination. This paper suggests that the researchers are autonomous to select the participants in qualitative research and they can choose from a single to twenty samples that can be varied upon the depth of the information required and the nature of the inquiry. While conducting the narrative inquiry, one to twenty or more participants can be selected with justification.
{"title":"Determining the Sample in Qualitative Research","authors":"Khim Raj Subedi","doi":"10.3126/scholars.v4i1.42457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/scholars.v4i1.42457","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the considerations in determining the number of participants for qualitative research because of the lack of clear guidelines in this area. The study has employed a semi-systematic literature review that is embedded with the researcher's experience. The study has concluded that the purpose of the research, methodological choices, theoretical framework and analytical strategy, data saturation, researcher's knowledge and experience, and institutional and supervisor's requirements need to be considered while choosing the participants in qualitative research. In addition, the focus has been to explore in-depth information from small number of participants. Generally, participants in qualitative research can be added or removed during the research process rather than the prior determination. This paper suggests that the researchers are autonomous to select the participants in qualitative research and they can choose from a single to twenty samples that can be varied upon the depth of the information required and the nature of the inquiry. While conducting the narrative inquiry, one to twenty or more participants can be selected with justification.","PeriodicalId":18263,"journal":{"name":"McNair Scholars Journal","volume":"115 10 Pt 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90230530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/scholars.v4i1.42675
बालाकृष्ण Balakrishna अधिकारी Adhikari
प्रस्तुत लेखमा ‘व्यावहारिक समालोचना’ कृतिका आधारमा यस कृतिका लेखक आनन्ददेव भट्टको समालोचनाकारिताकोविश्लेषण र मूल्याङ्कन गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत सन्दर्भमा समालोचनाकारिताले समालोचनाकृतिमा अन्तर्वस्तु र रूप दुवैकोसुन्दर संयोजन गर्ने समालोचकको कौशललाई बुझाएको छ । यस आलेखमा प्रगतिवादी समालोचनाका आधारभूतमान्यताको पुनर्संयोजन गरी समालोचनाको विश्लेषणका मापदण्ड निर्माण गरिएको छ र तिनै मापदण्डका आधारमासम्बद्ध कृतिको गुणात्मक विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । विश्लेष्य कृतिमा सङ्गृहीत १६ ओटा फुटकर समालोचनाहरू नै यसलेखका आधारभूत सामग्री हुन् भने पुननिर्मित प्रगतिवादी समालोचनाका मानदण्ड नै समालोचना वा समालोचनासङ्ग्रहविश्लेषणको अवधारणात्मक आधार हो । यस लेखमा अन्तर्वस्तुयोजनाका वस्तुविवरण, विचारधारा र मूल्यनिर्णय तथारूपयोजनाका प्रक्रियाबद्धता र प्रस्तुतीकरण गरी पाँचओटा मानदण्डका आधारमा सम्बद्ध समालोचनाकृतिको विश्लेषणर मूल्याङ्कन गरिएको छ । ‘व्यावहारिक समालोचना’ कृतिमा भट्टका स्रष्टापरक, कृतिपरक, प्रवृत्तिपरक, साहित्यकोआन्दोलनकेन्द्री र विधाको लक्षणशास्त्रकेन्द्री गरी पाँचओटा विषयक्षेत्रका समालोचना सङ्कलित छन् । सम्बद्ध तथ्यहरूकोपरीक्षण तथा सामान्यीकरणबाट प्रगतिवादी विचारधाराको प्रयोग गरी स्रष्टा, कृति र प्रवृत्तिको निर्भीक मूल्यनिर्णय गर्ने समालोचकआनन्ददेव भट्टका समालोचनाको अन्तर्वस्तु उपयुक्त भए पनि विधिपद्धतिको प्रयोग, प्रक्रियाबद्धता र प्रस्तुतीकरणका दृष्टिलेरूपयोजना अस्पष्ट, अव्यवस्थित र विशृङ्खलित रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । {In the present article, the critique of Anand Dev Bhatt, the author of this work, has been analyzed and evaluated on the basis of his work 'Practical Criticism'. In the present context, critique refers to the skill of the critic in combining both the content and the form in the work of critique. In this article, the criteria for the analysis of critique have been formulated by reconstituting the basic values of progressive critique and the qualitative analysis of the related work has been done on the basis of those criteria. The 16 minor critiques collected in the analytical work are the basic material of this article, while the criterion of reconstructed progressive critique is the conceptual basis of critique or collection of critique analysis. This article analyzes and evaluates the relevant critique on the basis of five criteria, including the content of the content plan, ideology and pricing, and the process and presentation of the plan. In his work 'Practical Criticism', Bhatta's critiques are compiled in five areas including creative, creative, tendency-oriented, literary movement-centered and genre-centered. Although the content of the critique of Anand Dev Bhatt, who critically evaluates creators, works and trends using progressive ideology through examination and generalization of related facts, is appropriate, it is concluded that the plan is vague, disorganized and chaotic in terms of methodology, methodology and presentation.}
{"title":"‘व्यावहारिक समालोचना’ कृतिमा आनन्ददेव भट्टको समालोचनाकारिता {Criticism of Anand Dev Bhatt in his book 'Practical Criticism'}","authors":"बालाकृष्ण Balakrishna अधिकारी Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/scholars.v4i1.42675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/scholars.v4i1.42675","url":null,"abstract":"प्रस्तुत लेखमा ‘व्यावहारिक समालोचना’ कृतिका आधारमा यस कृतिका लेखक आनन्ददेव भट्टको समालोचनाकारिताकोविश्लेषण र मूल्याङ्कन गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत सन्दर्भमा समालोचनाकारिताले समालोचनाकृतिमा अन्तर्वस्तु र रूप दुवैकोसुन्दर संयोजन गर्ने समालोचकको कौशललाई बुझाएको छ । यस आलेखमा प्रगतिवादी समालोचनाका आधारभूतमान्यताको पुनर्संयोजन गरी समालोचनाको विश्लेषणका मापदण्ड निर्माण गरिएको छ र तिनै मापदण्डका आधारमासम्बद्ध कृतिको गुणात्मक विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । विश्लेष्य कृतिमा सङ्गृहीत १६ ओटा फुटकर समालोचनाहरू नै यसलेखका आधारभूत सामग्री हुन् भने पुननिर्मित प्रगतिवादी समालोचनाका मानदण्ड नै समालोचना वा समालोचनासङ्ग्रहविश्लेषणको अवधारणात्मक आधार हो । यस लेखमा अन्तर्वस्तुयोजनाका वस्तुविवरण, विचारधारा र मूल्यनिर्णय तथारूपयोजनाका प्रक्रियाबद्धता र प्रस्तुतीकरण गरी पाँचओटा मानदण्डका आधारमा सम्बद्ध समालोचनाकृतिको विश्लेषणर मूल्याङ्कन गरिएको छ । ‘व्यावहारिक समालोचना’ कृतिमा भट्टका स्रष्टापरक, कृतिपरक, प्रवृत्तिपरक, साहित्यकोआन्दोलनकेन्द्री र विधाको लक्षणशास्त्रकेन्द्री गरी पाँचओटा विषयक्षेत्रका समालोचना सङ्कलित छन् । सम्बद्ध तथ्यहरूकोपरीक्षण तथा सामान्यीकरणबाट प्रगतिवादी विचारधाराको प्रयोग गरी स्रष्टा, कृति र प्रवृत्तिको निर्भीक मूल्यनिर्णय गर्ने समालोचकआनन्ददेव भट्टका समालोचनाको अन्तर्वस्तु उपयुक्त भए पनि विधिपद्धतिको प्रयोग, प्रक्रियाबद्धता र प्रस्तुतीकरणका दृष्टिलेरूपयोजना अस्पष्ट, अव्यवस्थित र विशृङ्खलित रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । {In the present article, the critique of Anand Dev Bhatt, the author of this work, has been analyzed and evaluated on the basis of his work 'Practical Criticism'. In the present context, critique refers to the skill of the critic in combining both the content and the form in the work of critique. In this article, the criteria for the analysis of critique have been formulated by reconstituting the basic values of progressive critique and the qualitative analysis of the related work has been done on the basis of those criteria. The 16 minor critiques collected in the analytical work are the basic material of this article, while the criterion of reconstructed progressive critique is the conceptual basis of critique or collection of critique analysis. This article analyzes and evaluates the relevant critique on the basis of five criteria, including the content of the content plan, ideology and pricing, and the process and presentation of the plan. In his work 'Practical Criticism', Bhatta's critiques are compiled in five areas including creative, creative, tendency-oriented, literary movement-centered and genre-centered. Although the content of the critique of Anand Dev Bhatt, who critically evaluates creators, works and trends using progressive ideology through examination and generalization of related facts, is appropriate, it is concluded that the plan is vague, disorganized and chaotic in terms of methodology, methodology and presentation.}","PeriodicalId":18263,"journal":{"name":"McNair Scholars Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77246186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Demonetisation of Indian Currency of Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes was taken as an important tool to fight against crime, tax evasion, corruption and other activities held in underground economy in India. Demonetisation in India directly affected the Nepali economy as India is the largest trading partner with common cultural relationship and open-border. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of recent demonetisation (November. 8, 2016) of India to Nepal. The study used the systematic review to find the effect of Indian demonetisation to the Nepali economy. The study found that it has paved the way for digital payments and supported the process of financial inclusion. The overall transformation in the economy translates into long-term benefit for the industry in India. But, the informal firms faced the liquidity crunch to pay their suppliers and workers without the standard access to cash in India. However, business sector and general people of Nepal are hard hit by the demonetisation because India is not making adjustments to take back demonetised IRs 500 and IRs 1000 notes estimated to be over Rs. 100 million, more than it the Indian policy departure has direct effect in Nepal. The demonetisation policy has created negative effect in Nepal to the greater extent from migrant labours to big business houses.
{"title":"Demonetisation in India and its Effect in Nepal","authors":"Nabaraj Gautam, Ramesh Kumar Saud, Lokraj Bhandari","doi":"10.3126/scholars.v4i1.42482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/scholars.v4i1.42482","url":null,"abstract":"Demonetisation of Indian Currency of Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes was taken as an important tool to fight against crime, tax evasion, corruption and other activities held in underground economy in India. Demonetisation in India directly affected the Nepali economy as India is the largest trading partner with common cultural relationship and open-border. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of recent demonetisation (November. 8, 2016) of India to Nepal. The study used the systematic review to find the effect of Indian demonetisation to the Nepali economy. The study found that it has paved the way for digital payments and supported the process of financial inclusion. The overall transformation in the economy translates into long-term benefit for the industry in India. But, the informal firms faced the liquidity crunch to pay their suppliers and workers without the standard access to cash in India. However, business sector and general people of Nepal are hard hit by the demonetisation because India is not making adjustments to take back demonetised IRs 500 and IRs 1000 notes estimated to be over Rs. 100 million, more than it the Indian policy departure has direct effect in Nepal. The demonetisation policy has created negative effect in Nepal to the greater extent from migrant labours to big business houses.","PeriodicalId":18263,"journal":{"name":"McNair Scholars Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88876484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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