Hydrogels are emerging as promising actuators due to their softness, light weight, and responsiveness to stimuli. This work fabricates soft actuators using gellan gum (GG) combined with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-coated magnetite nanoparticles (PEDOT-Fe3O4 NPs) through solution casting. FTIR and XRD confirmed the successful coating and formation of GG composite hydrogels. Electromechanical properties showed varying electrostriction depending on filler types and concentrations; the largest change in G' occurred with 0.30 %v/v PEDOT-Fe3O4/GG HGel. Magneto-mechanical properties showed an increase in G' with magnetic field strength, although G' decreased at elevated fields due to temperature effects on GG's structure. Electro- and magneto-induced deflections were controllable and reversible, caused by dielectrophoresis and magnetophoresis forces. The 0.10 %v/v and 0.30 %v/v PEDOT-Fe3O4/GG HGels showed high deflections and forces of 5.93 mm and 0.26 mN at 60 V/mm, and 1.46 mm and 0.028 mN at 3100 G, respectively. These GG composite hydrogels have great promise for electro- and magneto-responsive soft actuators.
{"title":"Fabrication and electro- and magneto-actuations of a soft actuator based on gellan gum hydrogel incorporated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-coated magnetite nanoparticles","authors":"Kornkanok Rotjanasuworapong , Johannes Schwank , Apanee Luengnaruemitchai , Anuvat Sirivat","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogels are emerging as promising actuators due to their softness, light weight, and responsiveness to stimuli. This work fabricates soft actuators using gellan gum (GG) combined with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-coated magnetite nanoparticles (PEDOT-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs) through solution casting. FTIR and XRD confirmed the successful coating and formation of GG composite hydrogels. Electromechanical properties showed varying electrostriction depending on filler types and concentrations; the largest change in G' occurred with 0.30 %v/v PEDOT-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GG HGel. Magneto-mechanical properties showed an increase in G' with magnetic field strength, although G' decreased at elevated fields due to temperature effects on GG's structure. Electro- and magneto-induced deflections were controllable and reversible, caused by dielectrophoresis and magnetophoresis forces. The 0.10 %v/v and 0.30 %v/v PEDOT-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GG HGels showed high deflections and forces of 5.93 mm and 0.26 mN at 60 V/mm, and 1.46 mm and 0.028 mN at 3100 G, respectively. These GG composite hydrogels have great promise for electro- and magneto-responsive soft actuators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 114058"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114060
Junxian Zhao , Haixia Liu , Peng Lyv , Haoyu Zou , Jianfei Ji
The present study aims to characterize and elucidate the response of the MnCu alloy to ultrasonic cavitation treatment. Effects of treatment duration on surface morphology, microstructure, and mechanical performance of the tested specimens were investigated. The results show that with accumulated cavitation effect, dislocation accumulation and twin growth arise in surface layer of the treated specimen, inducing the phase transformation from fcc to fct martensite. Both surface roughness and mass loss increase with treatment duration. After a 15-min cavitation treatment, the corrosion current density decreases by two orders of magnitude. With further extension of cavitation treatment, cavitation erosion intensifies, and effects of twin formation and martensitic transformation are weakened, resulting in decreases in surface microhardness and corrosion resistance. The ultrasonic cavitation treatment influences surface properties of the MnCu alloy through a synergistic mechanism of dislocation strengthening, phase-transformation-induced twinning, and energy dissipation.
{"title":"Martensitic transformation and surface property change of MnCu alloy treated by ultrasonic cavitation","authors":"Junxian Zhao , Haixia Liu , Peng Lyv , Haoyu Zou , Jianfei Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aims to characterize and elucidate the response of the MnCu alloy to ultrasonic cavitation treatment. Effects of treatment duration on surface morphology, microstructure, and mechanical performance of the tested specimens were investigated. The results show that with accumulated cavitation effect, dislocation accumulation and twin growth arise in surface layer of the treated specimen, inducing the phase transformation from fcc to fct martensite. Both surface roughness and mass loss increase with treatment duration. After a 15-min cavitation treatment, the corrosion current density decreases by two orders of magnitude. With further extension of cavitation treatment, cavitation erosion intensifies, and effects of twin formation and martensitic transformation are weakened, resulting in decreases in surface microhardness and corrosion resistance. The ultrasonic cavitation treatment influences surface properties of the MnCu alloy through a synergistic mechanism of dislocation strengthening, phase-transformation-induced twinning, and energy dissipation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 114060"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114042
Hyein Kim, Dayeon Lee, Won Chan Yun, Youngchan Kim, Jae W. Lee
Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered promising energy storage devices due to their high theoretical capacity and energy density, yet practical use is hindered by the shuttle effect, where soluble lithium polysulfide intermediates migrate through the separator, causing active-material loss and capacity fade. This study modifies a polypropylene separator by introducing an interlayer of entangled carbon nanotubes grown on cobalt oxide catalysts via CO2 conversion. The CNT network enhances electrical conductivity and facilitates Li-ion diffusion. Melamine serves as a nitrogen precursor to produce nitrogen-doped CO2-derived CNTs (NCCNTs) with edge-site nitrogen that strengthens interactions with lithium polysulfides, accelerates liquid-solid conversion, and suppresses shuttling. With the NCCNT interlayer, cells deliver a maximum discharge capacity of 1214 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C and 727 mAh g-1 at 1.0 C and achieve 3.28 mAh cm-2 at 4.5 mg cm-2 sulfur loading. These results demonstrate a practical route linking CO2 utilization with high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.
锂硫电池因其较高的理论容量和能量密度而被认为是很有前途的储能设备，但实际应用受到穿梭效应的阻碍，即可溶性多硫化锂中间体通过分离器迁移，导致活性物质损失和容量衰减。本研究通过引入在钴氧化物催化剂上通过CO2转化生长的缠绕碳纳米管中间层，对聚丙烯分离器进行了改性。碳纳米管网络提高了电导率，促进了锂离子的扩散。三聚氰胺作为氮前体，可产生氮掺杂的二氧化碳衍生碳纳米管（NCCNTs），其边缘位置为氮，可加强与锂多硫化物的相互作用，加速液固转化，并抑制穿梭。使用NCCNT中间层，电池在0.2 C和1.0 C下的最大放电容量分别为1214 mAh g-1和727 mAh g-1，在4.5 mg cm-2硫负载下达到3.28 mAh cm-2。这些结果展示了一条将二氧化碳利用与高性能锂硫电池联系起来的实用途径。
{"title":"N-Doped CNT interlayer synthesized from CO2 for enhancing lithium-sulfur battery performance","authors":"Hyein Kim, Dayeon Lee, Won Chan Yun, Youngchan Kim, Jae W. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered promising energy storage devices due to their high theoretical capacity and energy density, yet practical use is hindered by the shuttle effect, where soluble lithium polysulfide intermediates migrate through the separator, causing active-material loss and capacity fade. This study modifies a polypropylene separator by introducing an interlayer of entangled carbon nanotubes grown on cobalt oxide catalysts via CO<sub>2</sub> conversion. The CNT network enhances electrical conductivity and facilitates Li-ion diffusion. Melamine serves as a nitrogen precursor to produce nitrogen-doped CO<sub>2</sub>-derived CNTs (NCCNTs) with edge-site nitrogen that strengthens interactions with lithium polysulfides, accelerates liquid-solid conversion, and suppresses shuttling. With the NCCNT interlayer, cells deliver a maximum discharge capacity of 1214 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.2 C and 727 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 1.0 C and achieve 3.28 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> at 4.5 mg cm<sup>-2</sup> sulfur loading. These results demonstrate a practical route linking CO<sub>2</sub> utilization with high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 114042"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114039
Xingcai Wang , Yu Chen , Qijun Cheng , Di Zhou
To enhance the reliability of multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), this study systematically investigates the effects of termination sintering temperature, dwell time, and silver electrode thickness on post-plating board-level reliability and long-term service performance using a proprietary silver paste formulation. Experimental results confirmed that under the optimized parameters (sintering temperature ≥ 760°C, dwell time ≥ 10 min, and silver electrode thickness ≥ 12 μm), glass phase migration was effectively suppressed, and robust adhesion between the glass sealant, ceramic body, and internal electrodes was achieved. This effectively inhibited silver migration, while promoting superior densification of the silver layer. Consequently, the plated terminals exhibited excellent mounting reliability, completely eliminating eutectic soldering-induced blistering and achieving a blistering rate near – zero.
{"title":"Design and fabrication of termination electrodes for high-reliability multi-layer ceramic capacitors","authors":"Xingcai Wang , Yu Chen , Qijun Cheng , Di Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the reliability of multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), this study systematically investigates the effects of termination sintering temperature, dwell time, and silver electrode thickness on post-plating board-level reliability and long-term service performance using a proprietary silver paste formulation. Experimental results confirmed that under the optimized parameters (sintering temperature ≥ 760°C, dwell time ≥ 10 min, and silver electrode thickness ≥ 12 μm), glass phase migration was effectively suppressed, and robust adhesion between the glass sealant, ceramic body, and internal electrodes was achieved. This effectively inhibited silver migration, while promoting superior densification of the silver layer. Consequently, the plated terminals exhibited excellent mounting reliability, completely eliminating eutectic soldering-induced blistering and achieving a blistering rate near – zero.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 114039"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent advances in hybrid wind-driven sensors integrating triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and electromagnetic generators (EMGs) have improved robustness and multimodal energy conversion, yet most devices still suffer from high cut-in wind speeds and unstable outputs. Here, we present a self-powered hybrid-mode energy-harvesting visual sensor (EHVS) that integrates a single-electrode TENG with a Halbach array-enhanced EMG for simultaneous wind-speed visualization and energy harvesting. A ZnS:Cu-doped Ecoflex layer functions as both the triboelectric interface and a mechanoluminescent medium, enabling direct optical feedback under airflow-induced deformation. The Halbach-reinforced EMG provides stable electrical output at wind speeds as low as 1.5 m/s, achieving a maximum power of 14.7 mW at 3.5 m/s to support low-power Bluetooth transmission. The EHVS enables intuitive, autonomous, and long-term environmental monitoring.
{"title":"A self-powered hybrid wind sensor based on electromagnetic energy harvesting and triboluminescent sensing","authors":"Qin Li, Junbin Yu, Junfei Lin, Hongyu Guo, Zhenglin Li, Qiuhang Liu, Dongyun Qin, Jiliang Mu, Jian He, Xiujian Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in hybrid wind-driven sensors integrating triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and electromagnetic generators (EMGs) have improved robustness and multimodal energy conversion, yet most devices still suffer from high cut-in wind speeds and unstable outputs. Here, we present a self-powered hybrid-mode energy-harvesting visual sensor (EHVS) that integrates a single-electrode TENG with a Halbach array-enhanced EMG for simultaneous wind-speed visualization and energy harvesting. A ZnS:Cu-doped Ecoflex layer functions as both the triboelectric interface and a mechanoluminescent medium, enabling direct optical feedback under airflow-induced deformation. The Halbach-reinforced EMG provides stable electrical output at wind speeds as low as 1.5 m/s, achieving a maximum power of 14.7 mW at 3.5 m/s to support low-power Bluetooth transmission. The EHVS enables intuitive, autonomous, and long-term environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 114032"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The common photoanode for PEC, BiVO4, exhibits inefficient charge transport. A novel composite photoanode, BiVO4/TiO2 (001)/Ti3C2 MXene, was fabricated by thin-coating TiO2 (001) and Ti3C2 MXene flakes onto BiVO4 films. The addition of Ti3C2 MXene thin flakes onto BiVO4/TiO2 and BiVO4/TiO2 (001) films significantly increases the photocurrent density 67% and 82% to approximately 1.5 and 2 mA.cm-2, respectively (at 1.23 VRHE under 1.5G AM illumination). Besides, the photocurrent density of the TiO2 (001)-based photoanode surpasses that of the TiO2-based photoanode. This is attributed to the high density of unsaturated coordination sites on (001) facets, which act as efficient electron acceptors and provide abundant active sites for water oxidation. The combination of TiO2 (001) and Ti3C2 MXene enhances PEC water oxidation reaction performance by serving as a co-catalyst, improving charge-transfer of photogenerated carriers and reducing charge recombination of BiVO4. This ternary heterostructure represents a promising strategy for effective PEC water oxidation.
{"title":"Surface modification of BiVO4 with TiO2 (001) and Ti3C2 MXene to enhance photoelectrochemical water oxidation","authors":"Ilham Aksan Maulana , Yoga Romdoni , Yusalma Rizqi Wibowo , Angga Hermawan , Aminah Umar , Ferry Anggoro Ardy Nugroho , Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua , Fatwa Firdaus Abdi , Munawar Khalil","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The common photoanode for PEC, BiVO<sub>4</sub>, exhibits inefficient charge transport. A novel composite photoanode, BiVO<sub>4</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> (001)/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene, was fabricated by thin-coating TiO<sub>2</sub> (001) and Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene flakes onto BiVO<sub>4</sub> films. The addition of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene thin flakes onto BiVO<sub>4</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> and BiVO<sub>4</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> (001) films significantly increases the photocurrent density 67% and 82% to approximately 1.5 and 2 mA.cm<sup>-2</sup>, respectively (at 1.23 V<sub>RHE</sub> under 1.5G AM illumination). Besides, the photocurrent density of the TiO<sub>2</sub> (001)-based photoanode surpasses that of the TiO<sub>2</sub>-based photoanode. This is attributed to the high density of unsaturated coordination sites on (001) facets, which act as efficient electron acceptors and provide abundant active sites for water oxidation. The combination of TiO<sub>2</sub> (001) and Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene enhances PEC water oxidation reaction performance by serving as a co-catalyst, improving charge-transfer of photogenerated carriers and reducing charge recombination of BiVO<sub>4</sub>. This ternary heterostructure represents a promising strategy for effective PEC water oxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 114043"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114055
Yao Han , Liang Yang , Xiangyi Luo, Shan Huang, Ting Yu, Yaohui Qu, Cailei Yuan, Manman Guo
Transition metals and carbides have attracted significant attention as electrocatalysts owing to their high electrical conductivity and strong hydrogen-binding affinity, which was also hindered by limited exposure of active sites and instability. Herein, we report a confined heterostructured catalyst—Ni/Mo2C nanoparticles embedded in a porous nitrogen-doped carbon sheets (PNCS)—constructed via the sol–gel synthesis with high-temperature annealing. The interfacial coupling between Ni and Mo2C modulated the electronic structure and facilitated faster charge transfer, while the PNCS stabilized the active sites by suppressing nanoparticle agglomeration. Alkaline HER measurements revealed that the Ni/Mo2C@PNCS(2:3) catalyst operated with merely 114 mV overpotential to reach 10 mA cm–2 with a Tafel slope of 63 mV dec–1, indicating outstanding activity, and maintained robust stability over 100 hours of continuous operation. This work provided a viable strategy for engineering confined TM/TMC heterostructures and offers new insights into designing high-performance non-noble metal-based HER catalysts through interface-driven electronic modulation.
过渡金属和碳化物由于其高导电性和强的氢结合亲和性而引起了人们的广泛关注，但活性位点暴露有限和不稳定性也阻碍了其电催化剂的发展。在此，我们报道了一种约束异质结构催化剂- ni /Mo2C纳米颗粒嵌入多孔氮掺杂碳片(PNCS) -通过高温退火的溶胶-凝胶合成。Ni和Mo2C之间的界面耦合调节了电子结构，促进了更快的电荷转移，而PNCS通过抑制纳米颗粒团聚来稳定活性位点。碱性HER测量表明，Ni/Mo2C@PNCS（2:3）催化剂在114 mV过电位下达到10 mA cm-2， Tafel斜率为63 mV dec1，显示出出色的活性，并且在连续运行100小时内保持了强劲的稳定性。这项工作为限制TM/TMC异质结构的工程设计提供了可行的策略，并为通过界面驱动的电子调制设计高性能非贵金属基HER催化剂提供了新的见解。
{"title":"Tailoring Ni/Mo2C interfaces via sol–gel assisted confinement strategy for efficient and durable alkaline hydrogen evolution","authors":"Yao Han , Liang Yang , Xiangyi Luo, Shan Huang, Ting Yu, Yaohui Qu, Cailei Yuan, Manman Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transition metals and carbides have attracted significant attention as electrocatalysts owing to their high electrical conductivity and strong hydrogen-binding affinity, which was also hindered by limited exposure of active sites and instability. Herein, we report a confined heterostructured catalyst—Ni/Mo<sub>2</sub>C nanoparticles embedded in a porous nitrogen-doped carbon sheets (PNCS)—constructed via the sol–gel synthesis with high-temperature annealing. The interfacial coupling between Ni and Mo<sub>2</sub>C modulated the electronic structure and facilitated faster charge transfer, while the PNCS stabilized the active sites by suppressing nanoparticle agglomeration. Alkaline HER measurements revealed that the Ni/Mo<sub>2</sub>C@PNCS<sub>(2:3)</sub> catalyst operated with merely 114 mV overpotential to reach 10 mA cm<sup>–2</sup> with a Tafel slope of 63 mV dec<sup>–1</sup>, indicating outstanding activity, and maintained robust stability over 100 hours of continuous operation. This work provided a viable strategy for engineering confined TM/TMC heterostructures and offers new insights into designing high-performance non-noble metal-based HER catalysts through interface-driven electronic modulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 114055"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114041
Ji Zhang , Yutong Cai , Tong Yu , Ting Song , Qin Zhang , Meng Zhang , Xinzhao Zhang , Hancheng Zhu
The strategic introduction of oxygen vacancies(VO) is a prevalent method for modulating persistent luminescence in phosphors. However, the efficacy of VO is inconsistent and often depends on specific thermal treatment conditions. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, this study investigates the role of VO in Ce3+ doped Sr3MgSi2O8 using a combined approach of first-principles calculations and experimental characterization. Formation energy calculations confirm that Ce3+ preferentially occupies the Sr2+ 8f site and that VO is the most readily formed ionic vacancy. Both defects introduce narrow, occupied electronic states within the band gap while preserving the direct bandgap character of the host. Crucially, the spatial separation between Ce3+ and VO dictates the dominant recombination pathway. When adjacent, a strong direct transition from the VO-related band level to the Ce3+-related level is observed. When distant, the pathway shifts to an initial transition from the VO level to the conduction band minimum (CBM), followed by relaxation. Analysis of partial charge density and thermodynamic charge transition levels reveals that adjacent VO-Ce3+ pairs generate deep traps, while distant pairs create shallower traps conducive to persistent luminescence. The photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, electron spin resonance(ESR), and persistent luminescence spectra corroborate the theoretical findings. This work provides critical insight into the defect-distance-dependent luminescence modulation, offering a guideline for the rational design of high-performance persistent luminescent materials.
{"title":"Distance between oxygen vacancy and luminescence centers governs persistent luminescence mechanism","authors":"Ji Zhang , Yutong Cai , Tong Yu , Ting Song , Qin Zhang , Meng Zhang , Xinzhao Zhang , Hancheng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The strategic introduction of oxygen vacancies(<em>V<sub>O</sub></em>) is a prevalent method for modulating persistent luminescence in phosphors. However, the efficacy of <em>V<sub>O</sub></em> is inconsistent and often depends on specific thermal treatment conditions. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, this study investigates the role of <em>V<sub>O</sub></em> in Ce<sup>3+</sup> doped Sr<sub>3</sub>MgSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> using a combined approach of first-principles calculations and experimental characterization. Formation energy calculations confirm that Ce<sup>3+</sup> preferentially occupies the Sr<sup>2+</sup> 8f site and that <em>V<sub>O</sub></em> is the most readily formed ionic vacancy. Both defects introduce narrow, occupied electronic states within the band gap while preserving the direct bandgap character of the host. Crucially, the spatial separation between Ce<sup>3+</sup> and <em>V<sub>O</sub></em> dictates the dominant recombination pathway. When adjacent, a strong direct transition from the <em>V<sub>O</sub></em>-related band level to the Ce<sup>3+</sup>-related level is observed. When distant, the pathway shifts to an initial transition from the <em>V<sub>O</sub></em> level to the conduction band minimum (CBM), followed by relaxation. Analysis of partial charge density and thermodynamic charge transition levels reveals that adjacent <em>V<sub>O</sub></em>-Ce<sup>3+</sup> pairs generate deep traps, while distant pairs create shallower traps conducive to persistent luminescence. The photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, electron spin resonance(ESR), and persistent luminescence spectra corroborate the theoretical findings. This work provides critical insight into the defect-distance-dependent luminescence modulation, offering a guideline for the rational design of high-performance persistent luminescent materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 114041"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114002
Areeba Khayal, Shahab A.A. Nami
Multifunctional hydrogels have emerged as a transformative class of smart materials, distinguished by their adaptive intelligence and exceptional functional diversity across scientific, biomedical, and environmental arenas. Built upon intricately engineered three-dimensional polymeric networks with outstanding water-holding capacity, these systems exhibit precisely tunable responses to external stimuli including pH, temperature, pressure, light, and electric fields. The meticulous integration of functional moieties and nanoscale components further enhances their responsiveness, enabling customized solutions for advanced drug delivery, tissue engineering, water purification, and waste remediation. Environmentally, multifunctional hydrogels act as high-efficiency molecular traps, selectively adsorbing heavy metals, dyes, hydrocarbons, and organic contaminants. Their expanding roles in biosensing, controlled release platforms, intelligent packaging, and oil-spill mitigation highlight their broad interdisciplinary relevance. This review compiles recent advances in hydrogel design and functional engineering, emphasizing their pivotal contribution to sustainable innovation and next-generation smart material technologies.
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Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114016
Deepali Jagga , Savita , Vijay Verma
The expansion of nanotechnology into diverse fields such as medicine, electronics, water purification, aerospace, and textiles offers remarkable opportunities for innovation. Among the wide range of materials studied, graphene has attracted particular global interest owing to its exceptional structural and functional properties. Graphene, an allotrope of carbon, is a two-dimensional material consisting of a single layer of -hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a planar honeycomb lattice. With a monoatomic thickness, it exhibits outstanding tensile strength, high electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and optical transparency. In the early 21st century, graphene has remained the focus of intensive research due to its unique properties. However, certain inherent characteristics, such as its intrinsic hydrophobicity, limit its applicability in specific domains, particularly in biological and medical systems. To address this limitation, a hydrophilic derivative known as graphene oxide, which is functionalized with oxygen- and hydrogen-containing groups, has emerged as a promising alternative. Graphene oxide not only enhances dispersibility in aqueous environments but also enables further chemical modification, thereby broadening its scope of applications. In parallel with rapid technological and industrial advancements, the present era demands the integration of sustainable economic growth with innovative smart materials. Graphene and its derivatives, especially reduced graphene oxide, have thus garnered significant attention from researchers and industries worldwide. The major challenge, however, continues to be the scalable and cost-effective production of high-quality graphene. This article provides a comprehensive overview of reduced graphene oxide, including its synthesis strategies, structural and physicochemical characterization, and practical applications in everyday life. While it introduces fundamental aspects of graphene and graphene oxide as a prelude, the central emphasis lies on the relevance and utility of reduced graphene oxide across a broad spectrum of applications. Machine learning has transformed the optimization of graphene nanocomposites through prediction of the supercapacitor performance based on key physicochemical descriptors, shape-memory of graphene oxide nanostructures in bioengineering and aerospace, as well as interatomic potentials at the interface between DFT precision and computational efficiency.
{"title":"Graphene and its derivatives: From synthesis pathways to emerging technological frontiers","authors":"Deepali Jagga , Savita , Vijay Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The expansion of nanotechnology into diverse fields such as medicine, electronics, water purification, aerospace, and textiles offers remarkable opportunities for innovation. Among the wide range of materials studied, graphene has attracted particular global interest owing to its exceptional structural and functional properties. Graphene, an allotrope of carbon, is a two-dimensional material consisting of a single layer of <span><math><mrow><mi>s</mi><msup><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a planar honeycomb lattice. With a monoatomic thickness, it exhibits outstanding tensile strength, high electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and optical transparency. In the early 21st century, graphene has remained the focus of intensive research due to its unique properties. However, certain inherent characteristics, such as its intrinsic hydrophobicity, limit its applicability in specific domains, particularly in biological and medical systems. To address this limitation, a hydrophilic derivative known as graphene oxide, which is functionalized with oxygen- and hydrogen-containing groups, has emerged as a promising alternative. Graphene oxide not only enhances dispersibility in aqueous environments but also enables further chemical modification, thereby broadening its scope of applications. In parallel with rapid technological and industrial advancements, the present era demands the integration of sustainable economic growth with innovative smart materials. Graphene and its derivatives, especially reduced graphene oxide, have thus garnered significant attention from researchers and industries worldwide. The major challenge, however, continues to be the scalable and cost-effective production of high-quality graphene. This article provides a comprehensive overview of reduced graphene oxide, including its synthesis strategies, structural and physicochemical characterization, and practical applications in everyday life. While it introduces fundamental aspects of graphene and graphene oxide as a prelude, the central emphasis lies on the relevance and utility of reduced graphene oxide across a broad spectrum of applications. Machine learning has transformed the optimization of graphene nanocomposites through prediction of the supercapacitor performance based on key physicochemical descriptors, shape-memory of graphene oxide nanostructures in bioengineering and aerospace, as well as interatomic potentials at the interface between DFT precision and computational efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114016"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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