This study investigates the structural, physical, mechanical, and radiation attenuation properties of (72-x-y) B2O3–19BaO-9CaO-xPbO2-yLa2O3, where x = 13, 17, 21, and 25 mol%; y = 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mol%, which were produced via the fast-quenching method. XRD confirmed amorphous structures, while FTIR revealed BO4 to BO3 transitions and Pb-O/La-O vibrational bands. Mechanical analysis using the Makishima-Mackenzie model revealed a reduction in Young’s-modulus (82.610 to 66.884 GPa) and hardness (4.498 to 3.747 GPa), indicating reduced rigidity of the glasses. Radiation shielding performance improved with higher PbO2 and La2O3 content. The linear attenuation coefficient at 0.662 MeV rose from 0.329 to 0.457 cm-1. Monte Carlo simulations (MCNP-5) agreed well with experimental results, showing < ±6% deviation. The effective atomic number rose from 56.53 to 63.51, improving gamma-ray interaction probability. The radiation protection efficiency of 1 cm thick samples improved from 46.20% to 59.50% at 0.356 MeV. The findings suggest that PbO2/La2O3 incorporation enhances shielding effectiveness.
{"title":"Structural, physical, and mechanical properties of B2O3-BaO-CaO-PbO2-La2O3 glasses: Experimental and Monte Carlo simulation on the role of PbO2 / La2O3 on radiation shielding application","authors":"Shrikant Biradar , Manjunatha , K.A. Mahmoud , A.S. Bennal , M.I. Sayyed","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the structural, physical, mechanical, and radiation attenuation properties of (72-x-y) B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–19BaO-9CaO-xPbO<sub>2</sub>-yLa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, where <em>x</em> = 13, 17, 21, and 25 mol%; <em>y</em> = 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mol%, which were produced via the fast-quenching method. XRD confirmed amorphous structures, while FTIR revealed BO<sub>4</sub> to BO<sub>3</sub> transitions and Pb-O/La-O vibrational bands. Mechanical analysis using the Makishima-Mackenzie model revealed a reduction in Young’s-modulus (82.610 to 66.884 GPa) and hardness (4.498 to 3.747 GPa), indicating reduced rigidity of the glasses. Radiation shielding performance improved with higher PbO<sub>2</sub> and La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content. The linear attenuation coefficient at 0.662 MeV rose from 0.329 to 0.457 cm<sup>-1</sup>. Monte Carlo simulations (MCNP-5) agreed well with experimental results, showing < ±6% deviation. The effective atomic number rose from 56.53 to 63.51, improving gamma-ray interaction probability. The radiation protection efficiency of 1 cm thick samples improved from 46.20% to 59.50% at 0.356 MeV. The findings suggest that PbO<sub>2</sub>/La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> incorporation enhances shielding effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114023"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114019
Aliyu Sani , Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid , Khamirul Amin Matori , Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim , Loh Zhi Wei Loh
This study examines the mechanical and radiation-shielding characteristics of Eu2O3:Gd2O3 co-doped zinc Boro-tellurite glass produced by the standard melt-quenching method. XRD and FTIR investigations established an amorphous matrix exhibiting an incremental structural transformation of non-bridging oxygens (NBOs). The density and molar volume increased due to the elevated atomic number of rare-earth oxides, resulting in enhanced material strength attributed to the rise in Young's and shear modulus from (81.15 to 90.11 GPa), and (30.06 to 39.07 GPa) respectively, while Poisson's ratio reduced from (0.35 to 0.15). The direct and indirect bandgaps decreased from (3.42 to 3.20 eV) and from (3.11 to 3.03 eV), respectively, and Urbach energy varies from (2.83 to 2.92 eV), while the refractive index ranges from (2.08 to 2.11), ensuring the structural integrity of the produced glass. The Phy-X/PSD results demonstrated an improved attenuation profile, Mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) increasing from 0.188 to 0.224 cm²/g, indicating transitions coming from photoelectric effect, Compton scattering and pair production. Additionally, low-energy attenuation was found to be superior, as shown by the reduction of the half-value layer (HVL) from (0.90 to 0.71 cm), and the effective atomic number (Zeff) popping from approximately (23 to 48). Our findings concurrently characterized the EG5 formulation as an optimized, lead-free option, validating Eu3+/Gd3+ co-doping as an outstanding method that yields mechanically resilient, transparent, and highly effective shielding applications.
{"title":"Radiation attenuation and mechanical reinforcement of Eu/Gd co-doped zinc borotellurite glass system","authors":"Aliyu Sani , Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid , Khamirul Amin Matori , Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim , Loh Zhi Wei Loh","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the mechanical and radiation-shielding characteristics of Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> co-doped zinc Boro-tellurite glass produced by the standard melt-quenching method. XRD and FTIR investigations established an amorphous matrix exhibiting an incremental structural transformation of non-bridging oxygens (NBOs). The density and molar volume increased due to the elevated atomic number of rare-earth oxides, resulting in enhanced material strength attributed to the rise in Young's and shear modulus from (81.15 to 90.11 GPa), and (30.06 to 39.07 GPa) respectively, while Poisson's ratio reduced from (0.35 to 0.15). The direct and indirect bandgaps decreased from (3.42 to 3.20 eV) and from (3.11 to 3.03 eV), respectively, and Urbach energy varies from (2.83 to 2.92 eV), while the refractive index ranges from (2.08 to 2.11), ensuring the structural integrity of the produced glass. The Phy-X/PSD results demonstrated an improved attenuation profile, Mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) increasing from 0.188 to 0.224 cm²/g, indicating transitions coming from photoelectric effect, Compton scattering and pair production. Additionally, low-energy attenuation was found to be superior, as shown by the reduction of the half-value layer (HVL) from (0.90 to 0.71 cm), and the effective atomic number (Z<sub>eff</sub>) popping from approximately (23 to 48). Our findings concurrently characterized the EG<sub>5</sub> formulation as an optimized, lead-free option, validating Eu<sup>3+</sup>/Gd<sup>3+</sup> co-doping as an outstanding method that yields mechanically resilient, transparent, and highly effective shielding applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114019"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
(Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)1-xMnxO₃ ceramics (x = 0.01–0.05) were synthesized via the solid-state reaction method combined with ball milling to investigate their impedance, electrical modulus, conductivity, scaling spectra, and Nyquist behaviour over the temperature range of 250–500 °C and frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz. Impedance analysis revealed a continuous decrease in Z′ with an increase in temperature, indicating enhanced charge carrier mobility. Distinct contributions from grains and grain boundaries were observed. Nyquist plots showed two semi-circular arcs corresponding to grain and grain boundary contributions relaxation process. Equivalent circuit modeling was employed to interpret the electrical response, and the non-exponential Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) function effectively fitted the imaginary part of the electric modulus. AC conductivity varied ranged from 0.002 -0.012 S/m, and the activation energy was increased with Mn doping from the range of 0.8 to 0.9 eV. These findings provide valuable insights into the conduction and relaxation mechanisms, offering a promising route for the development of high-performance materials for flexible energy and storage devices.
{"title":"Effect of Mn doping on the structural, impedance and modulus behaviour of lead free (BaCa)(ZrTiO3) ceramics","authors":"Suchismita Sahoo , A. Sathiya Priya , Sharmistha Anwar , Shahid Anwar","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>(Ba<sub>0.85</sub>Ca<sub>0.15</sub>)(Zr<sub>0.1</sub>Ti<sub>0.9</sub>)<sub>1-x</sub>Mn<sub>x</sub>O₃ ceramics (x = 0.01–0.05) were synthesized via the solid-state reaction method combined with ball milling to investigate their impedance, electrical modulus, conductivity, scaling spectra, and Nyquist behaviour over the temperature range of 250–500 °C and frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz. Impedance analysis revealed a continuous decrease in Z′ with an increase in temperature, indicating enhanced charge carrier mobility. Distinct contributions from grains and grain boundaries were observed. Nyquist plots showed two semi-circular arcs corresponding to grain and grain boundary contributions relaxation process. Equivalent circuit modeling was employed to interpret the electrical response, and the non-exponential Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) function effectively fitted the imaginary part of the electric modulus. AC conductivity varied ranged from 0.002 -0.012 S/m, and the activation energy was increased with Mn doping from the range of 0.8 to 0.9 eV. These findings provide valuable insights into the conduction and relaxation mechanisms, offering a promising route for the development of high-performance materials for flexible energy and storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114017"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114016
Deepali Jagga , Savita , Vijay Verma
The expansion of nanotechnology into diverse fields such as medicine, electronics, water purification, aerospace, and textiles offers remarkable opportunities for innovation. Among the wide range of materials studied, graphene has attracted particular global interest owing to its exceptional structural and functional properties. Graphene, an allotrope of carbon, is a two-dimensional material consisting of a single layer of -hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a planar honeycomb lattice. With a monoatomic thickness, it exhibits outstanding tensile strength, high electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and optical transparency. In the early 21st century, graphene has remained the focus of intensive research due to its unique properties. However, certain inherent characteristics, such as its intrinsic hydrophobicity, limit its applicability in specific domains, particularly in biological and medical systems. To address this limitation, a hydrophilic derivative known as graphene oxide, which is functionalized with oxygen- and hydrogen-containing groups, has emerged as a promising alternative. Graphene oxide not only enhances dispersibility in aqueous environments but also enables further chemical modification, thereby broadening its scope of applications. In parallel with rapid technological and industrial advancements, the present era demands the integration of sustainable economic growth with innovative smart materials. Graphene and its derivatives, especially reduced graphene oxide, have thus garnered significant attention from researchers and industries worldwide. The major challenge, however, continues to be the scalable and cost-effective production of high-quality graphene. This article provides a comprehensive overview of reduced graphene oxide, including its synthesis strategies, structural and physicochemical characterization, and practical applications in everyday life. While it introduces fundamental aspects of graphene and graphene oxide as a prelude, the central emphasis lies on the relevance and utility of reduced graphene oxide across a broad spectrum of applications. Machine learning has transformed the optimization of graphene nanocomposites through prediction of the supercapacitor performance based on key physicochemical descriptors, shape-memory of graphene oxide nanostructures in bioengineering and aerospace, as well as interatomic potentials at the interface between DFT precision and computational efficiency.
{"title":"Graphene and its derivatives: From synthesis pathways to emerging technological frontiers","authors":"Deepali Jagga , Savita , Vijay Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The expansion of nanotechnology into diverse fields such as medicine, electronics, water purification, aerospace, and textiles offers remarkable opportunities for innovation. Among the wide range of materials studied, graphene has attracted particular global interest owing to its exceptional structural and functional properties. Graphene, an allotrope of carbon, is a two-dimensional material consisting of a single layer of <span><math><mrow><mi>s</mi><msup><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a planar honeycomb lattice. With a monoatomic thickness, it exhibits outstanding tensile strength, high electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and optical transparency. In the early 21st century, graphene has remained the focus of intensive research due to its unique properties. However, certain inherent characteristics, such as its intrinsic hydrophobicity, limit its applicability in specific domains, particularly in biological and medical systems. To address this limitation, a hydrophilic derivative known as graphene oxide, which is functionalized with oxygen- and hydrogen-containing groups, has emerged as a promising alternative. Graphene oxide not only enhances dispersibility in aqueous environments but also enables further chemical modification, thereby broadening its scope of applications. In parallel with rapid technological and industrial advancements, the present era demands the integration of sustainable economic growth with innovative smart materials. Graphene and its derivatives, especially reduced graphene oxide, have thus garnered significant attention from researchers and industries worldwide. The major challenge, however, continues to be the scalable and cost-effective production of high-quality graphene. This article provides a comprehensive overview of reduced graphene oxide, including its synthesis strategies, structural and physicochemical characterization, and practical applications in everyday life. While it introduces fundamental aspects of graphene and graphene oxide as a prelude, the central emphasis lies on the relevance and utility of reduced graphene oxide across a broad spectrum of applications. Machine learning has transformed the optimization of graphene nanocomposites through prediction of the supercapacitor performance based on key physicochemical descriptors, shape-memory of graphene oxide nanostructures in bioengineering and aerospace, as well as interatomic potentials at the interface between DFT precision and computational efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114016"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114015
Kriti, Kiran Kumar, Ghanshyam S. Chauhan, Sandeep Chauhan
The fabrication of advanced adsorbents capable of removing mixed water contaminants is crucial in wastewater treatment. Here, a novel sorbent (Est-Psy-g-BOF) was synthesized through a multistep process to simultaneously remove methylene green (MG), toluene, and diesel from water. First, the boric acid-oleylamine framework (BOF) was prepared. BOF was grafted onto psyllium to impart hydrophilic characteristics. Finally, the product was esterified to improve the hydrophobic behavior of the material. The final product (Est-Psy-g-BOF) adsorbs diesel (4.62 g/g) and toluene (4.3 g/g) at 35 °C within 105 min, and MG with a removal efficiency of 91.4 % within 30 min. The adsorption processes using Est-Psy-g-BOF follow different kinetic models: pseudo-second order (PSO) for MG, indicating chemisorption, and pseudo-first order (PFO) for diesel and toluene, indicating physisorption. The Est-Psy-g-BOF exhibited 70 % dye removal efficiency even in the presence of diesel. The Est-Psy-g-BOF exhibited excellent reusability, allowing efficient regeneration and repeated use across several cycles.
{"title":"Tuning the adsorption behavior of a solitary adsorbent based on the Boric Acid–Oleylamine framework and Psyllium: A sustainable approach for simultaneous removal of oil/organic solvent and water-soluble contaminants","authors":"Kriti, Kiran Kumar, Ghanshyam S. Chauhan, Sandeep Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fabrication of advanced adsorbents capable of removing mixed water contaminants is crucial in wastewater treatment. Here, a novel sorbent (Est-Psy-<em>g</em>-BOF) was synthesized through a multistep process to simultaneously remove methylene green (MG), toluene, and diesel from water. First, the boric acid-oleylamine framework (BOF) was prepared. BOF was grafted onto psyllium to impart hydrophilic characteristics. Finally, the product was esterified to improve the hydrophobic behavior of the material. The final product (Est-Psy-<em>g-</em>BOF) adsorbs diesel (4.62 g/g) and toluene (4.3 g/g) at 35 °C within 105 min, and MG with a removal efficiency of 91.4 % within 30 min. The adsorption processes using Est-Psy-<em>g-</em>BOF follow different kinetic models: pseudo-second order (PSO) for MG, indicating chemisorption, and pseudo-first order (PFO) for diesel and toluene, indicating physisorption. The Est-Psy-<em>g</em>-BOF exhibited 70 % dye removal efficiency even in the presence of diesel. The Est-Psy-<em>g</em>-BOF exhibited excellent reusability, allowing efficient regeneration and repeated use across several cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114015"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study involves synthesis of micro-mesoporous activated carbon (derived from green tea waste), of specific surface area of 1044 m² g−1, enriched with O- and N- functional groups, exhibits dual functionality in dyes removal and supercapacitor applications. The maximum adsorption capacities of 641.0 mg g−1 for methylene blue and 568.2 mg g−1 for methyl orange, with up to 99% removal efficiencies across various pH levels. A model cartridge filter was developed and tested. This electrode material for supercapacitors exhibits a specific capacitance of 254 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, surpassing that of commercial activated carbon (190 F g−1). In a symmetric coin cell device, with 100% capacitance retention after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles with the specific capacitance of 144.3 F g−1 and a power density of 3307 W Kg−1 at an energy density of 5.51 Wh Kg−1 at a current density of 10 A g−1.
本研究涉及合成微介孔活性炭（来源于绿茶废料），其比表面积为1044 m²g−1，富含O-和N-官能团，在染料去除和超级电容器应用中具有双重功能。对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附量为641.0 mg g - 1，对甲基橙的最大吸附量为568.2 mg g - 1，在不同pH值下的去除率高达99%。研制了一种新型滤筒，并进行了试验。这种超级电容器电极材料在电流密度为1 a g−1时的比电容为254 F g−1，超过了商用活性炭（190 F g−1）。在对称硬币电池器件中，在10,000次充放电循环后，电容保持率为100%，比电容为144.3 F g−1，功率密度为3307 W Kg−1，能量密度为5.51 Wh Kg−1，电流密度为10 a g−1。
{"title":"Sustainable valorization of green tea waste into inherent-heteroatom-activated carbon for environmental remediation and energy applications","authors":"Kanchan Parmar , Nitika Bhutani , Akriti Gautam , Pankaj Kumar Singh , Rik Rani Koner , Aditi Halder","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study involves synthesis of micro-mesoporous activated carbon (derived from green tea waste), of specific surface area of 1044 m² g<sup>−1</sup>, enriched with O- and N- functional groups, exhibits dual functionality in dyes removal and supercapacitor applications. The maximum adsorption capacities of 641.0 mg g<sup>−1</sup> for methylene blue and 568.2 mg g<sup>−1</sup> for methyl orange, with up to 99% removal efficiencies across various pH levels. A model cartridge filter was developed and tested. This electrode material for supercapacitors exhibits a specific capacitance of 254 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>, surpassing that of commercial activated carbon (190 F g<sup>−1</sup>). In a symmetric coin cell device, with 100% capacitance retention after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles with the specific capacitance of 144.3 F g<sup>−1</sup> and a power density of 3307 W Kg<sup>−1</sup> at an energy density of 5.51 Wh Kg<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 10 A g<sup>−1</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114014"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114011
S. Yusan , M.B. Coban , U.H. Kaynar , I.G. Kaptanoglu , Abeer S. Altowyan , Jabir Hakami , H. Aydin , E.E. Karali , A. Canimoglu , N. Can
Li⁺/Na⁺ co-doped K7CaGd2(B5O10)3:Tb3+ (KCGBO) green phosphors were synthesized via a microwave-assisted combustion method. XRD confirmed a pure rhombohedral phase (R32). Under 378 nm excitation, strong green emission at ∼544 nm (⁵D₄→⁷F₅) was observed, optimized at 3 wt% Tb³⁺ before quenching. Li⁺/Na⁺ co-doping enhanced luminescence through local field distortion and improved energy transfer. Judd–Ofelt analysis revealed superior radiative efficiency for Li⁺ co-doped samples (AJ = 1.12 × 10⁶ s⁻¹, τrad= 0.089 ms, G = 1.08 × 10–22 cm²). Thermal studies showed 82% intensity retention at 450 K with partial anti-thermal quenching and activation energy of ∼0.52 eV, indicating suppressed non-radiative losses. The results demonstrate that Li⁺/Na⁺ co-doping and optimized Tb³⁺ content synergistically improve emission efficiency and thermal stability, making KCGBO:Tb³⁺ a promising green phosphor for near-UV solid-state lighting.
{"title":"Structural and luminescence analysis of Li+/Na+ co-doped K7 CaGd2 (B5 O10)3:Tb3+ phosphors with enhanced green emission and thermal stability","authors":"S. Yusan , M.B. Coban , U.H. Kaynar , I.G. Kaptanoglu , Abeer S. Altowyan , Jabir Hakami , H. Aydin , E.E. Karali , A. Canimoglu , N. Can","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Li⁺/Na⁺ co-doped K<sub>7</sub>CaGd<sub>2</sub>(B<sub>5</sub>O<sub>10</sub>)<sub>3</sub>:Tb<sup>3+</sup> (KCGBO) green phosphors were synthesized via a microwave-assisted combustion method. XRD confirmed a pure rhombohedral phase (R32). Under 378 nm excitation, strong green emission at ∼544 nm (<em>⁵D₄→⁷F₅</em>) was observed, optimized at 3 wt% Tb³⁺ before quenching. Li⁺/Na⁺ co-doping enhanced luminescence through local field distortion and improved energy transfer. Judd–Ofelt analysis revealed superior radiative efficiency for Li⁺ co-doped samples (<em>A<sub>J</sub></em> = 1.12 × 10⁶ s⁻¹, <em>τ<sub>rad</sub></em>= 0.089 ms, <em>G</em> = 1.08 × 10<sup>–22</sup> cm²). Thermal studies showed 82% intensity retention at 450 K with partial anti-thermal quenching and activation energy of ∼0.52 eV, indicating suppressed non-radiative losses. The results demonstrate that Li⁺/Na⁺ co-doping and optimized Tb³⁺ content synergistically improve emission efficiency and thermal stability, making KCGBO:Tb³⁺ a promising green phosphor for near-UV solid-state lighting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114011"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114002
Areeba Khayal, Shahab A.A. Nami
Multifunctional hydrogels have emerged as a transformative class of smart materials, distinguished by their adaptive intelligence and exceptional functional diversity across scientific, biomedical, and environmental arenas. Built upon intricately engineered three-dimensional polymeric networks with outstanding water-holding capacity, these systems exhibit precisely tunable responses to external stimuli including pH, temperature, pressure, light, and electric fields. The meticulous integration of functional moieties and nanoscale components further enhances their responsiveness, enabling customized solutions for advanced drug delivery, tissue engineering, water purification, and waste remediation. Environmentally, multifunctional hydrogels act as high-efficiency molecular traps, selectively adsorbing heavy metals, dyes, hydrocarbons, and organic contaminants. Their expanding roles in biosensing, controlled release platforms, intelligent packaging, and oil-spill mitigation highlight their broad interdisciplinary relevance. This review compiles recent advances in hydrogel design and functional engineering, emphasizing their pivotal contribution to sustainable innovation and next-generation smart material technologies.
{"title":"Emergence of multifunctional hydrogels in environmental and industrial applications","authors":"Areeba Khayal, Shahab A.A. Nami","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multifunctional hydrogels have emerged as a transformative class of smart materials, distinguished by their adaptive intelligence and exceptional functional diversity across scientific, biomedical, and environmental arenas. Built upon intricately engineered three-dimensional polymeric networks with outstanding water-holding capacity, these systems exhibit precisely tunable responses to external stimuli including pH, temperature, pressure, light, and electric fields. The meticulous integration of functional moieties and nanoscale components further enhances their responsiveness, enabling customized solutions for advanced drug delivery, tissue engineering, water purification, and waste remediation. Environmentally, multifunctional hydrogels act as high-efficiency molecular traps, selectively adsorbing heavy metals, dyes, hydrocarbons, and organic contaminants. Their expanding roles in biosensing, controlled release platforms, intelligent packaging, and oil-spill mitigation highlight their broad interdisciplinary relevance. This review compiles recent advances in hydrogel design and functional engineering, emphasizing their pivotal contribution to sustainable innovation and next-generation smart material technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114002"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114003
Fabiano R. Praxedes , Miqueias L. Portugal , Ulisses F. Kaneko , Marcos F.S. Teixeira , Silvania Lanfredi
In this study, nanostructured potassium-sodium niobate (K₀.₅Na₀.₅NbO₃, KNN) hollow spheres were successfully synthesized via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The hollow morphology, composed of hierarchically assembled nanoplates, provided a high surface area advantageous for catalytic applications. Structural characterization by XRD and Rietveld refinement confirmed a pure monoclinic perovskite phase. Advanced local structure analysis using EXAFS revealed a significant contraction in the Nb-O bond length (1.871 Å) compared to the average long-range crystallographic model (1.938 Å), highlighting the importance of local disorder. The KNN hollow spheres were investigated as photoanodes for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Under visible-light irradiation (LED), the material exhibited a remarkable 120 mV reduction in onset potential compared to dark conditions, demonstrating photo-enhanced thermodynamics. However, Tafel analysis indicated slower kinetics under illumination, attributed to light-induced surface restructuring or intermediate stabilization. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed an exponential decrease in charge transfer resistance with increasing light intensity, saturating at high power, while Mott-Schottky analysis confirmed n-type behavior with photo-active surface states around 1.25 V vs. SCE. The turnover frequency (TOF) at +1.5 V increased with light power, reaching 71.8 s⁻¹ at 50 W, concurrent with a significant increase in electron lifetime. These findings establish KNN hollow spheres as promising photoanodes and provide critical insights into the complex interplay between light-induced charge generation, local structure, and interfacial kinetics in perovskite-based photocatalysts.
{"title":"Spray-pyrolyzed potassium-sodium niobate hollow spheres for enhanced photoelectrocatalytic oxygen evolution","authors":"Fabiano R. Praxedes , Miqueias L. Portugal , Ulisses F. Kaneko , Marcos F.S. Teixeira , Silvania Lanfredi","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, nanostructured potassium-sodium niobate (K₀.₅Na₀.₅NbO₃, KNN) hollow spheres were successfully synthesized via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The hollow morphology, composed of hierarchically assembled nanoplates, provided a high surface area advantageous for catalytic applications. Structural characterization by XRD and Rietveld refinement confirmed a pure monoclinic perovskite phase. Advanced local structure analysis using EXAFS revealed a significant contraction in the Nb-O bond length (1.871 Å) compared to the average long-range crystallographic model (1.938 Å), highlighting the importance of local disorder. The KNN hollow spheres were investigated as photoanodes for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Under visible-light irradiation (LED), the material exhibited a remarkable 120 mV reduction in onset potential compared to dark conditions, demonstrating photo-enhanced thermodynamics. However, Tafel analysis indicated slower kinetics under illumination, attributed to light-induced surface restructuring or intermediate stabilization. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed an exponential decrease in charge transfer resistance with increasing light intensity, saturating at high power, while Mott-Schottky analysis confirmed n-type behavior with photo-active surface states around 1.25 V vs. SCE. The turnover frequency (TOF) at +1.5 V increased with light power, reaching 71.8 s⁻¹ at 50 W, concurrent with a significant increase in electron lifetime. These findings establish KNN hollow spheres as promising photoanodes and provide critical insights into the complex interplay between light-induced charge generation, local structure, and interfacial kinetics in perovskite-based photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114003"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies were conducted on the phase and chemical composition, electrochemical properties, and superelastic behavior of a Ti2Ni-rich near-equiatomic TiNi alloy exhibiting different surface treatments (electropolishing, irradiation with a low-energy high-current electron beam, high-dose ion implantation). The thickness of the oxygen-rich surface layer in the irradiated samples was found to be twice that of the electropolished alloy. Additionally, ZrO₂ and Ni-Zr phases formed in the upper surface layer after Zr⁺ ion implantation. Tafel extrapolation results showed that the electropolished alloy exhibited the lowest corrosion current. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy highlights the advantages of electron-beam treatment in improving the self-passivation ability of the TiNi alloy. Evaluation of the superelastic behavior showed that neither electron beam nor ion beam surface treatments negatively affect the superelastic properties of the TiNi substrate, but rather promote a decrease in plastic deformation.
{"title":"Characterization of surface chemistry, corrosion, and superelastic properties of Ti2Ni-rich TiNi alloy treated by electron and ion beams","authors":"V.O. Semin , F.A. D’yachenko , A.V. Erkovich , M.G. Ostapenko , D.V. Chepelev , L.L. Meisner","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies were conducted on the phase and chemical composition, electrochemical properties, and superelastic behavior of a Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni-rich near-equiatomic TiNi alloy exhibiting different surface treatments (electropolishing, irradiation with a low-energy high-current electron beam, high-dose ion implantation). The thickness of the oxygen-rich surface layer in the irradiated samples was found to be twice that of the electropolished alloy. Additionally, ZrO₂ and Ni-Zr phases formed in the upper surface layer after Zr⁺ ion implantation. Tafel extrapolation results showed that the electropolished alloy exhibited the lowest corrosion current. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy highlights the advantages of electron-beam treatment in improving the self-passivation ability of the TiNi alloy. Evaluation of the superelastic behavior showed that neither electron beam nor ion beam surface treatments negatively affect the superelastic properties of the TiNi substrate, but rather promote a decrease in plastic deformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114001"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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