Materials Research Bulletin最新文献_第4页

Interfacial coupling mechanism for efficient degradation of tetracycline by heteroatom iodine (I)-doped BiOBr under visible light: Efficacy and driving force 杂原子碘（I）掺杂的 BiOBr 在可见光下高效降解四环素的界面耦合机制：功效和驱动力

IF 5.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Research Bulletin

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2024.113192

Longyan Cui , Qingbang Yang , Dongrun Xie , Wenjin Zhou , Lingyun Rong , Zhilin Yang , Qi Yang

Studies on photocatalytic materials frequently focus on two pivotal metrics: the generation and separation capabilities of photoinduced charge carriers. In this context, we developed a diverse range of BiOBr_xI_1-x solid solutions (x = 1, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, 0) via a simple room-temperature synthesis. The BiOBr_0.75I_0.25 solid solution demonstrated a remarkable degradation ability (up to 88.4 %) for tetracycline (TC) within a span of 60 min under visible light. This efficiency was attributed to enhanced light absorption within the visible region and improved segregation of photoinduced charges. A systematic study was performed to determine the influence factors of the degradation efficiency and the roles of different reactive species. A comprehensive photocatalytic mechanism was proposed on the basis of the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, theoretical calculations were integrated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) results to propose a degradation pathway for BiOBr_0.75I_0.25.

有关光催化材料的研究通常关注两个关键指标：光诱导电荷载流子的产生和分离能力。在此背景下，我们通过简单的室温合成技术开发出了多种 BiOBrxI1-x 固溶体（x = 1、0.75、0.50、0.25、0）。在可见光下，BiOBr0.75I0.25 固溶体在 60 分钟内对四环素（TC）有显著的降解能力（高达 88.4%）。这一效率归因于可见光区域内光吸收能力的增强和光诱导电荷分离的改善。为确定降解效率的影响因素和不同反应物的作用，进行了系统研究。在 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 和密度泛函理论 (DFT) 计算结果的基础上，提出了一种全面的光催化机理。最后，将理论计算与液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）分析结果相结合，提出了 BiOBr0.75I0.25 的降解途径。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient enhancement of piezo-catalytic activity of BaTiO3-based piezoelectric ceramics via phase boundary engineering 通过相界工程有效增强 BaTiO3 基压电陶瓷的压电催化活性

IF 5.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Research Bulletin

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2024.113188

Luoping Yang , Daen Zhao , Tingting Du , Qiaoji Zheng , Dunmin Lin , Xuemei He , Mengjiao Liu , Yuanming Chen , Wei He

Piezoelectric catalysis stemmed from lead-free piezoelectric ceramics is an emerging catalytic technology applied extensively in degradation of organic pollutants due to its low energy consumption and non-pollution. However, the dissatisfied catalytic efficiency of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics has constrained their further development and application. Herein, we employ ion doping to modulate the phase boundary construction of BaTiO₃-based piezoelectric ceramics (BaTi_(1-_x₎(Zr_1/3Sn_1/3Hf_1/3)_xO₃, BTZSH-x), and the degradation performances of organic dyes are explored to illuminate the piezo-catalytic mechanism. The ion doping alters the phase boundary of BaTiO₃ ceramics and a two-phase coexistence of rhombohedral-orthorhombic is achieved at room temperature in BTZSH-0.04 ceramic. Consequently, the BTZSH-0.04 ceramic exhibits an excellent degradation efficiency of rhodamine B with 97.27% in 60min and a high reaction rate constant of 0.056 min⁻¹ under ultrasonication which is 7.4 times more than that of pristine BaTiO₃. This work provides an advisable policy for constructing environmental-friendly piezoelectric materials with glorious piezo-catalytic activity.

源于无铅压电陶瓷的压电催化技术是一种新兴的催化技术，因其能耗低、无污染而被广泛应用于有机污染物的降解。然而，无铅压电陶瓷的催化效率不尽如人意，制约了其进一步发展和应用。在此，我们采用离子掺杂的方法来调节 BaTiO3 基压电陶瓷（BaTi(1-x)(Zr1/3Sn1/3Hf1/3)xO3，BTZSH-x）的相界结构，并探索了有机染料的降解性能，从而阐明了压电催化机理。离子掺杂改变了 BaTiO3 陶瓷的相界，BTZSH-0.04 陶瓷在室温下实现了斜方体-正方体两相共存。因此，BTZSH-0.04 陶瓷在 60 分钟内对罗丹明 B 的降解效率高达 97.27%，在超声条件下的反应速率常数高达 0.056 min-1，是原始 BaTiO3 的 7.4 倍。这项工作为构建具有优异压电催化活性的环保型压电材料提供了可取的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Zn2+-decorated porous g-C3N4 with nitrogen vacancies: Synthesis, enhanced photocatalytic performance and mechanism in degrading organic contaminants 含氮空位的Zn2+装饰多孔g-C3N4：合成、增强的光催化性能和降解有机污染物的机理

IF 5.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Research Bulletin

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2024.113193

Ruxue Ma , Han Zheng , Jing Wang , Xiucheng Zheng , Xiaoli Zhang , Xinxin Guan

Photocatalytic degradation is an effective and challenging strategy in purifying wastewaters containing organic pollutants. Thus, developing a suitable photocatalyst and clarifying the degradation mechanism are extremely worthwhile. In this work, Zn²⁺-decorated porous g-C₃N₄ with nitrogen vacancies (g-C₃N_4-δ) is prepared with the facile sonication-calcination method. Benefitting from the modified geometric structure and electronic properties, compared with g-C₃N_4-δ, the resulting composites deliver reduced micropore percentage, enhanced separation and migration of photogenerated carriers, narrowed band gap, and improved reducing capacity of photoinduced electrons, favoring the photocatalytic reaction. Particularly, Zn²⁺(2)-g-C₃N_4-δ (10 mg) displays the highest photocatalytic activity toward eliminating tetracycline (TC, 10 mg L^-1, 50 mL), and the degradation efficiency (63.9%) within 30 min is 3.4 times that of g-C₃N_4-δ (18.9%) irradiated by visible light. Moreover, the optimal composite demonstrates satisfactory recyclability and excellent universality. This study suggests a novel way to construct g-C₃N₄-based photocatalysts for efficiently degrading organic contaminants in water.

在净化含有有机污染物的废水方面，光催化降解是一种既有效又具有挑战性的策略。因此，开发一种合适的光催化剂并阐明其降解机理是非常有价值的。本研究采用简便的超声煅烧法制备了具有氮空位的 Zn2+ 装饰多孔 g-C3N4（g-CN4-δ）。与 g-C3N4-δ 相比，由于改变了几何结构和电子特性，所制备的复合材料减少了微孔比例，增强了光生载流子的分离和迁移，缩小了带隙，提高了光诱导电子的还原能力，有利于光催化反应。其中，Zn2+(2)-g-C3N4-δ（10 毫克）对消除四环素（TC，10 毫克/升，50 毫升）的光催化活性最高，30 分钟内的降解效率（63.9%）是用可见光照射 g-C3N4-δ （18.9%）的 3.4 倍。此外，这种最佳复合材料还具有令人满意的可回收性和出色的通用性。这项研究为构建基于 g-C3N4 的光催化剂，高效降解水中的有机污染物提供了一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of molybdenum disulfide/covalent organic frameworks composite for efficient solar-driven hydrogen production and pollutant degradation 合成二硫化钼/共价有机框架复合材料，用于太阳能驱动的高效制氢和污染物降解

IF 5.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Research Bulletin

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2024.113187

Guanglei Tan , Zhengri Shao , Dan Tang

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are recently recognized photocatalysts with outstanding performance in photocatalysis. Typically, COFs exhibit significant hydrogen evolution activity in the presence of noble metal co-catalysts. Nevertheless, due to their insufficient availability and high cost, it is essential to replace noble metal co-catalysts with cost-effective and abundant alternatives. Herein, we have substituted noble metal co-catalyst with MoS₂ and designed MoS₂ linked hydrazone-based COF composite for exceptional photocatalysis. Various characterization techniques provide evidence that the MoS₂/COF composite has been successfully synthesized. The as-synthesized MoS₂/COF photocatalyst exhibited a hydrogen production rate of 115 µmol·g^‒1h^‒1 and achieved 98 % degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under visible light irradiation for 2 h The photoluminescence (PL) spectra show that the correlation between MoS₂ and COF improves charge carrier's separation rate and minimizes recombination, thereby enhancing photocatalytic activity. This study aims to broaden the application of hydrazone-based COFs composites in energy production and environmental remediation.

共价有机框架（COFs）是近来公认的光催化剂，在光催化方面具有出色的性能。通常情况下，COFs 在贵金属助催化剂的作用下具有显著的氢进化活性。然而，由于贵金属助催化剂供应不足且价格昂贵，因此有必要用具有成本效益且资源丰富的替代品来取代贵金属助催化剂。在此，我们用 MoS2 替代了贵金属助催化剂，并设计出了 MoS2 链接腙基 COF 复合材料，以实现优异的光催化性能。各种表征技术证明 MoS2/COF 复合材料已成功合成。光致发光（PL）光谱显示，MoS2 和 COF 之间的相关性提高了电荷载流子的分离率，减少了重组，从而提高了光催化活性。这项研究旨在拓宽基于腙的 COFs 复合材料在能源生产和环境修复方面的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced energy storage efficiency of lead lutetium niobate ceramics via Ba/La co-doping strategy 通过钡/镭共掺杂策略提高铌酸铅镥陶瓷的储能效率

IF 5.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Research Bulletin

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2024.113185

Lingfei Lv , Fangping Zhuo , Chao He , Zujian Wang , Rongbing Su , Xiaoming Yang , Xifa Long

Dielectric ceramics have emerged as promising candidate materials for pulse capacitor system due to their exceptional thermal stability, mechanical properties, and energy storage capabilities. However, the potential of antiferroelectric ceramics based on Pb(Lu_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃ in pulse-power systems is hindered by their high phase transition switching field and low energy storage efficiency. Herein, to address these limitations, we propose a co-doping strategy involving Ba²⁺ and La³⁺ ions to enhance the energy storage efficiency while simultaneously preserving a high energy storage density. Through the co-doping approach, we observed remarkable improvements in the performance of the ceramics. In comparison to Ba²⁺-doped samples, the co-doped ceramics exhibit a 33 % increase in energy storage density and a 51 % increase in efficiency. Our findings offer valuable insights into enhancing the energy storage characteristics of other dielectric materials.

介电陶瓷因其卓越的热稳定性、机械性能和储能能力，已成为脉冲电容器系统的理想候选材料。然而，基于 Pb（Lu1/2Nb1/2）O3 的反铁电陶瓷在脉冲功率系统中的应用潜力却因其高相变开关场和低储能效率而受到阻碍。为了解决这些限制，我们在此提出了一种涉及 Ba2+ 和 La3+ 离子的共掺杂策略，以提高能量存储效率，同时保持较高的能量存储密度。通过共掺杂方法，我们观察到陶瓷的性能有了显著提高。与掺杂 Ba2+ 的样品相比，共掺杂陶瓷的储能密度提高了 33%，效率提高了 51%。我们的发现为增强其他介电材料的储能特性提供了宝贵的启示。

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引用次数: 0

A review on the development of perovskite based bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen electrodes in metal-air batteries 基于过氧化物的金属-空气电池氧电极双功能电催化剂的开发综述

IF 5.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Research Bulletin

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2024.113189

Shahar Yar Khan , Tayyaba Noor , Naseem Iqbal , Zeeshan Ali

Depletion of fossil fuels, climate change, and pollution are the major concerns nowadays. This has led scientists to research clean, renewable, safe, and sustainable technologies such as energy storage, conversion systems, and energy resources, including metal-air batteries (MABs), electrolyzers, and fuel cells. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER) are the two main reactions of these devices. These devices' practical application needs to be improved by two main reactions sluggish kinetics. Catalysts that increase the selectivity and rate of these reactions are the core of such technologies. Perovskite oxides (POs) are efficient electrocatalysts for energy applications due to their flexible structure, low cost, and high intrinsic activity. There are several ways to modify perovskites' inherent characteristics, improving their catalytic activity, including oxygen deficiency, B/A site substitution, Carbon support, Co catalyst incorporation, and layered perovskites. This review discusses different types of metal air batteries, perovskite oxides as a bifunctional catalyst, and synthesis techniques and strategies to improve the catalytic activities.

化石燃料枯竭、气候变化和污染是当今人们关注的主要问题。这促使科学家们开始研究清洁、可再生、安全和可持续的技术，如能源储存、转换系统和能源资源，包括金属空气电池（MAB）、电解槽和燃料电池。氧还原反应（ORR）和氧进化反应（OER）是这些设备的两个主要反应。这些设备的实际应用需要改进两个主要反应的缓慢动力学。提高这些反应的选择性和速率的催化剂是此类技术的核心。由于结构灵活、成本低廉、内在活性高，过氧化物（POs）是能源应用领域的高效电催化剂。有几种方法可以改变过氧化物的固有特性，提高其催化活性，包括缺氧、B/A 位点置换、碳支撑、掺入 Co 催化剂和层状过氧化物。本综述讨论了不同类型的金属空气电池、作为双功能催化剂的包晶氧化物以及提高催化活性的合成技术和策略。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of graphite fillers on electrical and thermal conductivity in epoxy-based composites: Percolation behavior and analysis 石墨填料对环氧基复合材料导电性和导热性的影响：渗流行为与分析

IF 5.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Research Bulletin

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2024.113186

Alina Madalina Darabut , Yevheniia Lobko , Yurii Yakovlev , Miquel Gamón Rodríguez , Petr Levinský , Thu Ngan Dinhová , Lucinda Blanco Redondo , Milan Dopita , Vladimír Kopecký Jr. , Andrea Farkas , Daria Drozdenko , Vladimír Matolín , Iva Matolínová

This work investigated a method for producing epoxy-based composites using various graphite fillers, such as natural, synthetic, and thermally expanded graphite. The study aimed to determine the impact of the filler type, size, and volume fraction on the composites’ thermal and electrical conductivity. Results indicate that the percolation model accurately represents electrical and thermal conductivity behavior, with graphite fillers forming conductive clusters in the polymer matrix. The percolation threshold for electrical conductivity varies between 2.8 and 8.5 vol.%, while for thermal conductivity, it ranges from 5.0 to 18.0 vol.%, which is twice that of electrical conductivity. This observation is due to both the electron transfer tunneling effect and the necessity of higher filler content to facilitating effective phonon transport. Notably, composites filled with thermally expanded graphite exhibit lower percolation thresholds. Understanding percolation behavior facilitates the prediction and optimization of composites with specific electrical and thermal properties for diverse applications.

这项研究调查了使用天然石墨、合成石墨和热膨胀石墨等各种石墨填料生产环氧基复合材料的方法。研究旨在确定填料类型、尺寸和体积分数对复合材料导热性和导电性的影响。结果表明，渗流模型准确地反映了导电和导热行为，石墨填料在聚合物基体中形成了导电簇。导电性的渗流阈值介于 2.8 至 8.5 Vol.% 之间，而导热性的渗流阈值介于 5.0 至 18.0 Vol.% 之间，是导电性的两倍。这一观察结果既是由于电子转移隧道效应，也是由于较高的填料含量对促进有效声子传输的必要性。值得注意的是，填充了热膨胀石墨的复合材料表现出较低的渗流阈值。了解渗流行为有助于预测和优化具有特定电学和热学特性的复合材料，以满足不同应用的需要。

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引用次数: 0

Fe-doped SrZrO3 nanostructures as photocatalyst: Solid-state synthesis and UV-light driven eradication of thymol blue dye 作为光催化剂的掺铁 SrZrO3 纳米结构：固态合成和紫外光驱动的百里酚蓝染料去除技术

IF 5.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Research Bulletin

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2024.113184

Sanjay S Majani , R.S. Sneha , S.N.P. Jashida , K Ambili , Muzaffar Iqbal , Indah Raya , Shiva Prasad Kollur

In this study, pristine and Fe-doped Strontium Zirconate (SZF₀ and SZF₁₀) nanophosphors were synthesized using a simple solid-state method. The structural and optical properties of the synthesized materials were extensively characterized using Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), UV–visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The PXRD analysis confirmed the multiple phase purity and crystallinity with #96–900–0228 (orthorhombic) and #96–153–8368 (cubic) of the samples, having calculated crystallite size of 22.2 nm for SZF₀ and 21.4 nm for SZF_10. UV-visible spectroscopy revealed the quenching of bandgap energies from 3.24 eV to 1.65 eV for effective UV-light absorption. Raman spectroscopy provided insights into the prominent vibrational modes (A_g, B₂ _g, and B₃ _g) and structural integrity of the doped and undoped samples. Morphological analysis through FESEM and EDAX affirmed the agglomerated cluster clubbed morphology and stated elements of the SZF₁₀ sample with particle size distribution averaging at 22.11 nm which was well aligned with PXRD results. Meanwhile, the TEM analysis confirms the same with high crystallinity. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized SZF₁₀ sample was evaluated by degrading TB dye under various experimental conditions. The results show a prominent degradation rate of 81.04 % at the 90th minute. The same results were utilized in studying the kinetics of the degradation process which align with the 1st-order kinetics with k and R² values of 0.00737 and 0.98034, respectively. The influence of different parameters such as pH, catalyst dosage, and dye concentration on the degradation efficiency was systematically studied to obtain the optimum values.

本研究采用简单的固态方法合成了原始和掺杂铁的锆酸锶（SZF0 和 SZF10）纳米磷酸盐。利用粉末 X 射线衍射（PXRD）、紫外可见光谱、拉曼光谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对合成材料的结构和光学特性进行了广泛表征。PXRD 分析证实了样品的多相纯度和结晶度，分别为 #96-900-0228（正方体）和 #96-153-8368（立方体），SZF0 和 SZF10 的计算结晶尺寸分别为 22.2 nm 和 21.4 nm。紫外可见光谱显示，带隙能量从 3.24 eV 减小到 1.65 eV，从而实现了对紫外光的有效吸收。通过拉曼光谱可以了解掺杂和未掺杂样品的主要振动模式（Ag、B2 g 和 B3 g）和结构完整性。通过 FESEM 和 EDAX 进行的形态学分析证实了 SZF10 样品的团聚聚类形态和所述元素，其粒度分布平均为 22.11 nm，与 PXRD 结果完全一致。同时，TEM 分析也证实了同样的高结晶度。通过在不同实验条件下降解 TB 染料，评估了合成的 SZF10 样品的光催化活性。结果表明，在第 90 分钟时，降解率达到 81.04%。同样的结果也被用于研究降解过程的动力学，结果符合一阶动力学，k 值和 R2 值分别为 0.00737 和 0.98034。系统研究了 pH 值、催化剂用量和染料浓度等不同参数对降解效率的影响，以获得最佳值。

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引用次数: 0

Optical temperature sensing properties of novel RE3+ (RE = Er, Ho) doped BaLa2Ti3O10 phosphors 新型 RE3+（RE = Er、Ho）掺杂 BaLa2Ti3O10 荧光粉的光学温度传感特性

IF 5.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Research Bulletin

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2024.113183

Zhiyu Zhang , Kai Li , Jianing Liu , Zhenyu Huang , Qing Li , Daiman Zhu

A novel luminescent material of BaLa₂Ti₃O₁₀:RE³⁺ was synthesized by the high-temperature solid phase method, with a typical layered structure belonging to a special crystal system. Under the excitation of 980 nm, BaLa₂Ti₃O₁₀:4 %Er³⁺ exhibits characteristic emissions centered at 531 nm, 551 nm and 668 nm. It is noteworthy that the color of BaLa₂Ti₃O₁₀:3 %Ho³⁺ shows a strong green emission at 551 nm and a weak red emission near 664 nm, also represents adjustable yellow-green light with the change of 980 nm laser pumped powers. The optical temperature sensing properties were checked by employing different strategies, relating to the thermally-coupled-levels (TCLs) and nonthermally-coupled-levels (NTCLs). The results show that the maximum relative sensitivity of TCLs based on BaLa₂Ti₃O₁₀:Er³⁺ is 0.68 % K⁻¹ (305 K). Similarly, the maximum sensitivity of TCLs is 0.89 % K⁻¹ (313 K) in BaLa₂Ti₃O₁₀:Ho³⁺, which performs well from 313 K to 513 K. It has been found the samples using FIRs of TCLs can produce higher absolute (S_a) and relative (S_r) sensitivities compared with those using Fluorescence Intensity Ratios (FIRs) of NTCLs. The multiple FIRs also achieved superior levels of temperature resolution and repeatability in all cases. Generally, this work provides favorable candidates for the temperature sensors.

采用高温固相法合成了一种新型的 BaLa2Ti3O10:RE3+ 发光材料，该材料具有典型的层状结构，属于特殊晶系。在 980 纳米波长的激发下，BaLa2Ti3O10:4 %Er3+ 在 531 纳米波长、551 纳米波长和 668 纳米波长处发出特征光。值得注意的是，BaLa2Ti3O10:3 %Ho3+ 的颜色在 551 nm 处显示出强烈的绿色发射，在 664 nm 附近显示出微弱的红色发射，随着 980 nm 激光泵浦功率的变化，还显示出可调的黄绿光。通过采用与热耦合级（TCL）和非热耦合级（NTCL）有关的不同策略，检验了光学温度传感特性。结果表明，基于 BaLa2Ti3O10:Er3+ 的 TCL 的最大相对灵敏度为 0.68 % K-1 （305 K）。同样，BaLa2Ti3O10:Ho3+ 的 TCL 最大灵敏度为 0.89 % K-1 (313 K)，在 313 K 至 513 K 范围内表现良好。在所有情况下，多重荧光强度比还能实现更高水平的温度分辨率和可重复性。总体而言，这项工作为温度传感器提供了有利的候选方案。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the effect of A- and B-site cobalt doping on the structural, morphological, dielectric, and non-ohmic properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics prepared by the hydrothermal method 评估 A 位和 B 位钴掺杂对水热法制备的 CaCu3Ti4O12 陶瓷的结构、形态、介电和非欧姆特性的影响

IF 5.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Research Bulletin

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2024.113182

El Houcine Lahrar , Hafida Essaoudi

CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (CCTO), CaCu_3-xCo_xTi₄O₁₂ (CCC_xTO) and CaCu₃Ti_4-xCo_xO₁₂ (CCTC_xO) ceramics with x = 0.1 were synthesized by the hydrothermal process at 200 °C for 24 h. The influence of cobalt substitution on the copper and titanium sites in CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ on the structural, morphological, and physical properties was investigated. It was shown through the analysis of X-ray diffractograms of CCTO, CCC_xTO, and CCTC_xO compounds that they crystallized in a pure perovskite structure without the presence of secondary phases. The refinement of the spectra using the Rietveld method showed an efficient formation of the crystalline phase of the cubic structure (Im

\bar{3}

), which remains unchanged, with an increase in the unit cell due to the substitution of Co²⁺/Co³⁺ in the Cu²⁺ and Ti⁴⁺ sites of the CCTO ceramic. Raman spectroscopy was used as a complementary characterization method to XRD in order to detect vibrational bands and highlight any changes in the crystal lattice. SEM results showed that cobalt insertion increased the average grain size. The dielectric properties were studied by complex impedance spectroscopy in a frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz at different temperatures, where the insertion of cobalt in the Cu²⁺ and Ti⁴⁺ sites has a significant effect on the permittivity value (ε_r) and dielectric losses (tanδ). The non-ohmic characteristics showed that the change in grain size due to cobalt incorporation is beneficial to improving the breakdown strength (E_b) and nonlinear coefficient (α), which can be attributed to the grain boundary properties of the Internal Barrier Layer Capacitor (IBLC) model and the behavior of the Schottky barrier.

在 200 °C、24 小时的水热过程中合成了 CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO)、CaCu3-xCoxTi4O12 (CCCxTO) 和 x = 0.1 的 CaCu3Ti4-xCoxO12 (CCTCxO) 陶瓷。通过对 CCTO、CCCxTO 和 CCTCxO 复合物的 X 射线衍射图分析表明，它们结晶为纯粹的包晶结构，不存在次生相。利用里特维尔德法对光谱进行的细化显示，立方结构的晶体相（Im3¯）有效形成，该结构保持不变，但由于在 CCTO 陶瓷的 Cu2+ 和 Ti4+ 位点中置换了 Co2+/Co3+ ，单胞有所增加。拉曼光谱被用作 XRD 的补充表征方法，以检测振动带并突出晶格的任何变化。扫描电镜结果表明，钴的插入增加了平均晶粒尺寸。在不同温度下，在 1 kHz 至 1 MHz 的频率范围内，通过复阻抗光谱对介电特性进行了研究，发现钴在 Cu2+ 和 Ti4+ 位点的插入对介电常数值（εr）和介电损耗（tanδ）有显著影响。非欧姆特性表明，钴的加入导致的晶粒尺寸变化有利于提高击穿强度（Eb）和非线性系数（α），这可归因于内部势垒层电容器（IBLC）模型的晶界特性和肖特基势垒的行为。

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