Pub Date : 2015-08-25DOI: 10.5398/MEDPET.2015.38.2.110
D. Lestari, L. Abdullah, Despal
This study aimed to compare local dairy farmer ration formula with national research council in producing higher feed efficiency and milk production. This study had two stages. The first stage was in vitro study of dairy farmer rations which have different raw materials (R3, R4, and R5) with NRC based ration (R2) and Demo Farm ration (R1). The variables measured in this stage were proximate composition, volatile fatty acid, ammonia, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. The first stage used a randomized block design with five treatments, three groups of ruminal fluid, and three replications. The second stage used nine lactating cows with three periods of lactation (one, three, and other) and used a randomized block design with three treatments, three groups, and one replication. Parameters measured were dry matter intake, manure score, milk production, body weight gain, body condition score, and technical and economical efficiencies. The first stage result showed that R1, R2, and R3 were three best rations in nutrient composition and fermentability (ammonia and volatile fatty acid concentrations were optimum for microbial growth and high digestibility), so in conclusion those three rations were the best rations and should be compared by in vivo method. The result of the second stage showed that all tested rations were not significantly different in milk production, performance and efficiency, so in conclusion those three rations have the same quality. Key words: dairy cattle, milk production, profitability, rations test
{"title":"Comparative study of milk production and feed efficiency based on farmers best practices and national research council.","authors":"D. Lestari, L. Abdullah, Despal","doi":"10.5398/MEDPET.2015.38.2.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/MEDPET.2015.38.2.110","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to compare local dairy farmer ration formula with national research council in producing higher feed efficiency and milk production. This study had two stages. The first stage was in vitro study of dairy farmer rations which have different raw materials (R3, R4, and R5) with NRC based ration (R2) and Demo Farm ration (R1). The variables measured in this stage were proximate composition, volatile fatty acid, ammonia, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. The first stage used a randomized block design with five treatments, three groups of ruminal fluid, and three replications. The second stage used nine lactating cows with three periods of lactation (one, three, and other) and used a randomized block design with three treatments, three groups, and one replication. Parameters measured were dry matter intake, manure score, milk production, body weight gain, body condition score, and technical and economical efficiencies. The first stage result showed that R1, R2, and R3 were three best rations in nutrient composition and fermentability (ammonia and volatile fatty acid concentrations were optimum for microbial growth and high digestibility), so in conclusion those three rations were the best rations and should be compared by in vivo method. The result of the second stage showed that all tested rations were not significantly different in milk production, performance and efficiency, so in conclusion those three rations have the same quality. Key words: dairy cattle, milk production, profitability, rations test","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"38 1","pages":"110-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70657809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-25DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.138
F. Hamida, K. G. Wiryawan, A. Meryandini
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) regarded as safe microorganisms; they can naturally live in gastrointestinal tract, so appropriately used as a probiotic for chicken. This study aimed to select six isolates of LAB (E1223, E3, E4, E5, E7, and E8) to obtain the isolates potentially as probiotic candidate for chicken. The six isolates were derived from spontaneous fermented corn obtained from Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Biomedical, PPSHB, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia. LAB isolates were tested their susceptibility to antibiotics (bambermycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline) then were examined in vitro for their tolerance to gastrointestinal pH (2, 3, 4, and 7.2) and 0.5% bile salt condition, antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enteritidis and Enterococcus casseliflavus , and ability to adhere to chicken ileal cells. The results showed the isolates E5, E7, and E8 were sensitive to tetracycline and chloramphenicol, they could survive at pH 2, 3, 4, and 7.2, could survive at 0.5% bile salts, produced antimicrobial activity, and able to adhere to ileal cells (9.40±0.00 Log CFU/cm 2 of E8) and were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of control (5.30±0.14 Log CFU/cm 2 ). In conclusion, this study showed that isolate E8 had better potential compared to isolates E5 and E7 in most in vitro assays as a probiotic candidate for chicken. E5, E7, and E8 were closely related with Pediococcus pentosaceus based on 16S rRNA gene. Key words: LAB, probiotic, chicken, in vitro
{"title":"Selection of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Probiotic Candidate for Chicken","authors":"F. Hamida, K. G. Wiryawan, A. Meryandini","doi":"10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.138","url":null,"abstract":"Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) regarded as safe microorganisms; they can naturally live in gastrointestinal tract, so appropriately used as a probiotic for chicken. This study aimed to select six isolates of LAB (E1223, E3, E4, E5, E7, and E8) to obtain the isolates potentially as probiotic candidate for chicken. The six isolates were derived from spontaneous fermented corn obtained from Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Biomedical, PPSHB, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia. LAB isolates were tested their susceptibility to antibiotics (bambermycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline) then were examined in vitro for their tolerance to gastrointestinal pH (2, 3, 4, and 7.2) and 0.5% bile salt condition, antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enteritidis and Enterococcus casseliflavus , and ability to adhere to chicken ileal cells. The results showed the isolates E5, E7, and E8 were sensitive to tetracycline and chloramphenicol, they could survive at pH 2, 3, 4, and 7.2, could survive at 0.5% bile salts, produced antimicrobial activity, and able to adhere to ileal cells (9.40±0.00 Log CFU/cm 2 of E8) and were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of control (5.30±0.14 Log CFU/cm 2 ). In conclusion, this study showed that isolate E8 had better potential compared to isolates E5 and E7 in most in vitro assays as a probiotic candidate for chicken. E5, E7, and E8 were closely related with Pediococcus pentosaceus based on 16S rRNA gene. Key words: LAB, probiotic, chicken, in vitro","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"38 1","pages":"138-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70658020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-25DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.104
J. Jakaria, R. R. Noor
This study aimed to determine the Pit-1|Hinf-1 gene polymorphism in Bali cattle ( Bos javanicus ) as Indonesian native cattle and besides Madura, Pesisir, Aceh, and Katingan cattle breeds as a comparison. DNA samples were extracted from 488 blood samples consisting of Bali (245 heads), Madura (68 heads), Aceh (25 heads), Pesisir (100 heads) and Katingan (50 heads) cattle. The diversity of the Pit-1|Hinf-1 gene wasere analyzed using PCR-RFLP. Whereas the nucleotide base mutations were identified by sequencing. Genotyping data were analyzed by calculating the allele frequency, observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values as well as Hardry-Weinberg equilibrium test using POPGENE 1.31 program. Whereas, Tthe sequence data were analyzed by using MEGA6 program. The Pit-1|Hinf-1 gene fragment analysis showed that Bali, Madura, Pesisir, Aceh, and Katingan cattle had high BB genotype, resulting in B allele frequency of 0.982, 0.963, 0.925, 0.960, and 0.960, respectively. Ho and He values were 0.074-0.130 and 0.036-0.139, respectively. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test did not significant for all breed populations, except for Aceh cattle population (P<0.05). Mutation from guanine (G) to adenine (A) was found in Pit-1 gene fragment. Therefore, Pit-1|Hinf-1 gene fragment had low genetic diversity in Bali cattle and other breeds population. Key words: Bali cattle, Pit-1|Hinf-1 gene, polymorphism
{"title":"Identification of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism at Hinf-1 Enzyme Restriction Site of Pit-1 Gene on Indonesian Bali Cattle Population","authors":"J. Jakaria, R. R. Noor","doi":"10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.104","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the Pit-1|Hinf-1 gene polymorphism in Bali cattle ( Bos javanicus ) as Indonesian native cattle and besides Madura, Pesisir, Aceh, and Katingan cattle breeds as a comparison. DNA samples were extracted from 488 blood samples consisting of Bali (245 heads), Madura (68 heads), Aceh (25 heads), Pesisir (100 heads) and Katingan (50 heads) cattle. The diversity of the Pit-1|Hinf-1 gene wasere analyzed using PCR-RFLP. Whereas the nucleotide base mutations were identified by sequencing. Genotyping data were analyzed by calculating the allele frequency, observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values as well as Hardry-Weinberg equilibrium test using POPGENE 1.31 program. Whereas, Tthe sequence data were analyzed by using MEGA6 program. The Pit-1|Hinf-1 gene fragment analysis showed that Bali, Madura, Pesisir, Aceh, and Katingan cattle had high BB genotype, resulting in B allele frequency of 0.982, 0.963, 0.925, 0.960, and 0.960, respectively. Ho and He values were 0.074-0.130 and 0.036-0.139, respectively. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test did not significant for all breed populations, except for Aceh cattle population (P<0.05). Mutation from guanine (G) to adenine (A) was found in Pit-1 gene fragment. Therefore, Pit-1|Hinf-1 gene fragment had low genetic diversity in Bali cattle and other breeds population. Key words: Bali cattle, Pit-1|Hinf-1 gene, polymorphism","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"38 1","pages":"104-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70657510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-25DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.118
A. Ceyhan, M. Çınar, U. Serbester
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lactation number and months on milk yield, somatic cell count (SCC) and udder measurements in Holstein cows. In the study, 30 first lactation and 49 second lactation, totally 79 Holstein cows housing in a farm located in Nigde province (Turkey) were used. Somatic cell count and udder measurements were determined at each visit of the farm per months, while lactation milk yield of each animal was calculated using Test Interval Method. It was observed that the effect of lactation number on lactation milk yield (P<0.01) and SCC (P<0.05) was increased significantly. The effect of lactation number on udder measurements was significant (P<0.01) except front teat length (FTD). Influence of lactation months on milk yield and SCC was increased and statistically significant (P<0.01). The effect of lactation months on distance between front teats (DFT), distance between rear teats (DRT), front teat diameter (FTD), rear teat diameter (RTD) was significant (P<0.01). A negative correlation was found between SCC and milk yield, front teat clearance from ground (FTC) and rear teat clearance from ground (RTC). On the other hand, a positive correlation was also evident between RTD and distance between front and rear teats. Furthermore, there were positive correlation between milk yield and DFT, DFR, DRT, and FTD, whereas a negative correlation was observed between milk yield and FTC. In conclusion, cows in second lactation showed importantly increased milk yield and SCC as compared to cows in first lactation, whereas FTC and RTC decreased and other udder measurements increased. Key words: Holstein cow, lactation, milk yield, somatic cell count, udder measurement
{"title":"Milk Yield, Somatic Cell Count, and Udder Measurements in Holstein Cows at Different Lactation Number and Months","authors":"A. Ceyhan, M. Çınar, U. Serbester","doi":"10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.118","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lactation number and months on milk yield, somatic cell count (SCC) and udder measurements in Holstein cows. In the study, 30 first lactation and 49 second lactation, totally 79 Holstein cows housing in a farm located in Nigde province (Turkey) were used. Somatic cell count and udder measurements were determined at each visit of the farm per months, while lactation milk yield of each animal was calculated using Test Interval Method. It was observed that the effect of lactation number on lactation milk yield (P<0.01) and SCC (P<0.05) was increased significantly. The effect of lactation number on udder measurements was significant (P<0.01) except front teat length (FTD). Influence of lactation months on milk yield and SCC was increased and statistically significant (P<0.01). The effect of lactation months on distance between front teats (DFT), distance between rear teats (DRT), front teat diameter (FTD), rear teat diameter (RTD) was significant (P<0.01). A negative correlation was found between SCC and milk yield, front teat clearance from ground (FTC) and rear teat clearance from ground (RTC). On the other hand, a positive correlation was also evident between RTD and distance between front and rear teats. Furthermore, there were positive correlation between milk yield and DFT, DFR, DRT, and FTD, whereas a negative correlation was observed between milk yield and FTC. In conclusion, cows in second lactation showed importantly increased milk yield and SCC as compared to cows in first lactation, whereas FTC and RTC decreased and other udder measurements increased. Key words: Holstein cow, lactation, milk yield, somatic cell count, udder measurement","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"38 1","pages":"118-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70658073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-25DOI: 10.5398/MEDPET.2015.38.2.89
G. Malelak, G. M. Sipahelut, I. Jelantik, M. R. D. Ratu, H. Lalel
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Citrus aurantifolia extract (CAE), coconut shell liquid smoke (CSLS) and the combination of CAE and CSLS (CACS) on se’i characteristics. A completely randomized design was assigned in this experiment. Treatments used were: se’i treated with 5% (v/v) CAE, CSLS 5% (v/v), (CAE : CSL 1:1) )/ (CACS) and untreated se’i as a control (C). Parameters measured were: aroma, color, taste, pH, residual nitrite, total bacterial count, Coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella . The data of aroma, color, and taste were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test. The pH, residual nitrite, and bacterial data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by least significant differences test. Results showed that CAE caused the highest score at both aroma and taste (P<0.05). CSLS caused the lowest residual nitrite (27 ppm) (P<0.05). Application of CAE and CACS could reduce total bacteria (P<0.05) at least 1 log. Color, pH, and Coliform number were not significantly different. S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella were negative in all se’i samples. CAE gives the best organoleptics and bacteriological characteristics while CSLS is more effective in reducing nitrite. Key words: Citrus aurantifolia extract, coconut shell liquid smoke, se’i , smoked beef
{"title":"Characteristics of se'i (Rotenesse smoked meat) treated with coconut shell liquid smoked and Citrus aurantifolia extract.","authors":"G. Malelak, G. M. Sipahelut, I. Jelantik, M. R. D. Ratu, H. Lalel","doi":"10.5398/MEDPET.2015.38.2.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/MEDPET.2015.38.2.89","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Citrus aurantifolia extract (CAE), coconut shell liquid smoke (CSLS) and the combination of CAE and CSLS (CACS) on se’i characteristics. A completely randomized design was assigned in this experiment. Treatments used were: se’i treated with 5% (v/v) CAE, CSLS 5% (v/v), (CAE : CSL 1:1) )/ (CACS) and untreated se’i as a control (C). Parameters measured were: aroma, color, taste, pH, residual nitrite, total bacterial count, Coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella . The data of aroma, color, and taste were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test. The pH, residual nitrite, and bacterial data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by least significant differences test. Results showed that CAE caused the highest score at both aroma and taste (P<0.05). CSLS caused the lowest residual nitrite (27 ppm) (P<0.05). Application of CAE and CACS could reduce total bacteria (P<0.05) at least 1 log. Color, pH, and Coliform number were not significantly different. S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella were negative in all se’i samples. CAE gives the best organoleptics and bacteriological characteristics while CSLS is more effective in reducing nitrite. Key words: Citrus aurantifolia extract, coconut shell liquid smoke, se’i , smoked beef","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"38 1","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70658217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-25DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.82
M. Imron, I. Supriatna, Amrozi, M. A. Setiadi
PO cattle have weaknesses to show clear estrus signs which cause difficulty in artificial insemination implementation. The present study was designed to obtain ovarian dynamic as effect of GnRH injection in ovsynch protocol based on progesterone intravaginal device. Heifers (18) and cows (n= 12) were allocated to one of three groups. Cuemate-PGF2α (CP) group inserted with a Cuemate on day 0-7 and injected with prostaglandin on day 7. Cuemate-PGF2α-GnRH (CPG) group was treated as CP group with the addition of GnRH injection on day 9. GnRH-Cuemate-PGF2α-GnRH (GCPG) group was treated as CPG group with addition of GnRH injection on day 0. Ultrasonography was performed on days 0-3, day 7 until ovulation and 7 days after ovulation. Percentage of ovulation synchronization increased significantly (P<0.01) between CP, CPG, and GCPG, respectively, both in heifers (16%, 50%, and 85%, respectively) and cows (0%, 60%, and 100%, respectively), on day 11. Preovulatory follicle diameters between CP, CPG, and GCPG treatments were not different significantly both in heifers (11.9±0.5, 11.9±0.5, and 12.1±0.6 mm, respectively) and cows (11.7±0.4, 11.8±0.7, and 11.1±0.6 mm, respectively). This study concluded that GCPG protocol increased the synchrony of ovulation rate both in cows and heifers, without affecting the follicle preovulatory and CL diameters. Key words: ovarian dynamic, GnRH, ovsych, PO Cattle
{"title":"Ovarian Dynamic in Ongole Grade Cattle after GnRH Injection in Ovsynch Protocol Based on Progesterone Device","authors":"M. Imron, I. Supriatna, Amrozi, M. A. Setiadi","doi":"10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.82","url":null,"abstract":"PO cattle have weaknesses to show clear estrus signs which cause difficulty in artificial insemination implementation. The present study was designed to obtain ovarian dynamic as effect of GnRH injection in ovsynch protocol based on progesterone intravaginal device. Heifers (18) and cows (n= 12) were allocated to one of three groups. Cuemate-PGF2α (CP) group inserted with a Cuemate on day 0-7 and injected with prostaglandin on day 7. Cuemate-PGF2α-GnRH (CPG) group was treated as CP group with the addition of GnRH injection on day 9. GnRH-Cuemate-PGF2α-GnRH (GCPG) group was treated as CPG group with addition of GnRH injection on day 0. Ultrasonography was performed on days 0-3, day 7 until ovulation and 7 days after ovulation. Percentage of ovulation synchronization increased significantly (P<0.01) between CP, CPG, and GCPG, respectively, both in heifers (16%, 50%, and 85%, respectively) and cows (0%, 60%, and 100%, respectively), on day 11. Preovulatory follicle diameters between CP, CPG, and GCPG treatments were not different significantly both in heifers (11.9±0.5, 11.9±0.5, and 12.1±0.6 mm, respectively) and cows (11.7±0.4, 11.8±0.7, and 11.1±0.6 mm, respectively). This study concluded that GCPG protocol increased the synchrony of ovulation rate both in cows and heifers, without affecting the follicle preovulatory and CL diameters. Key words: ovarian dynamic, GnRH, ovsych, PO Cattle","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"38 1","pages":"82-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70658323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-25DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.95
Munandar, F. Gustiar, Yakup, R. Hayati, A. Munawar
An integrated farming system is one of the alternatives for climatic change mitigation. This paper reports the application of corn-cattle based integrated farming system in Agrotechno Park Center of Palembang, and discusses its impact on CO 2 fixation and the reduction of methane emissions. The study was based on the data of the first 6 yr from 2003 until 2009. The CO 2 fixed in the soil and plants was determined based on the content of organic C which was multiplied by the index of 3.67. The methane gas produced by Balinese cattle and its dung was observed and modified into feed rations. The results showed that soil organic C increased from 40.80 tons C/ha in the 1 st yr to 66.40 tons C/ha in the 6 th yr. In addition, there was organic C fixation equivalent to 93.95 tons of CO 2 e. Corn biomass increased from 6.67 tons/ha to 18.66 tons/ha, equivalent to an increase in the fixation of atmospheric CO 2 e as much as 19.80 tons CO 2 e/ha. The supplementation of 60%-80% grass fodder with concentrate lowered the concentration of methane gas in cattle breathing by 28.7%, from 617 ppm to 440 ppm, while the methane emissions from cattle manure decreased by 31%, from 1367 mL/head/d to 943 mL/head/d. Installing a bio digester that generates biogas served to accommodate methane gas emissions from cattle dung and used it for bioenergy. Composting reduced the formation of methane gas from cattle manure through a regular process of turning over that gives aeration and forms aerobic condition in the heap of cattle dung. Recycling produces a variety of organic products that store carbon for a longer period of time and slowed the conversion of organic C into CO 2 . This study showed that the diverse activities of an integrated crop-cattle farming could be an alternative solution to climatic change mitigation. Key words: integrated farming, mitigation, organic C, methane, recycling
综合农业系统是减缓气候变化的备选方案之一。本文报道了以玉米-牛为基础的综合耕作系统在巨港农业科技园中心的应用，并讨论了其对CO 2固定和减少甲烷排放的影响。这项研究基于2003年至2009年的前6年的数据。通过有机碳含量乘以3.67的指数来确定土壤和植物中固定的CO 2。观察了巴厘牛及其粪便产生的甲烷气体，并将其改造成饲料。结果表明:土壤有机碳从第1年的40.80 t C/ha增加到第6年的66.40 t C/ha，有机碳固定当量为93.95 t CO 2 e，玉米生物量从6.67 t /ha增加到18.66 t /ha，相当于增加了19.80 t CO 2 e/ha。饲粮中添加60% ~ 80%的草料精料，使牛呼吸中的甲烷气体浓度从617 ppm降至440 ppm，降低了28.7%;牛粪中甲烷排放量从1367 mL/头/d降至943 mL/头/d，降低了31%。安装产生沼气的生物沼气池，可以容纳牛粪排放的甲烷气体，并将其用作生物能源。堆肥通过有规律的翻转过程减少牛粪中甲烷气体的形成，使牛粪堆通风并形成好氧条件。循环利用产生各种有机产品，这些产品可以长时间储存碳，并减缓有机碳向二氧化碳的转化。这项研究表明，综合农牧业的多样化活动可能是缓解气候变化的另一种解决方案。关键词:综合耕作，减缓，有机碳，甲烷，循环利用
{"title":"Crop-cattle integrated farming system: an alternative of climatic change mitigation.","authors":"Munandar, F. Gustiar, Yakup, R. Hayati, A. Munawar","doi":"10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.95","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated farming system is one of the alternatives for climatic change mitigation. This paper reports the application of corn-cattle based integrated farming system in Agrotechno Park Center of Palembang, and discusses its impact on CO 2 fixation and the reduction of methane emissions. The study was based on the data of the first 6 yr from 2003 until 2009. The CO 2 fixed in the soil and plants was determined based on the content of organic C which was multiplied by the index of 3.67. The methane gas produced by Balinese cattle and its dung was observed and modified into feed rations. The results showed that soil organic C increased from 40.80 tons C/ha in the 1 st yr to 66.40 tons C/ha in the 6 th yr. In addition, there was organic C fixation equivalent to 93.95 tons of CO 2 e. Corn biomass increased from 6.67 tons/ha to 18.66 tons/ha, equivalent to an increase in the fixation of atmospheric CO 2 e as much as 19.80 tons CO 2 e/ha. The supplementation of 60%-80% grass fodder with concentrate lowered the concentration of methane gas in cattle breathing by 28.7%, from 617 ppm to 440 ppm, while the methane emissions from cattle manure decreased by 31%, from 1367 mL/head/d to 943 mL/head/d. Installing a bio digester that generates biogas served to accommodate methane gas emissions from cattle dung and used it for bioenergy. Composting reduced the formation of methane gas from cattle manure through a regular process of turning over that gives aeration and forms aerobic condition in the heap of cattle dung. Recycling produces a variety of organic products that store carbon for a longer period of time and slowed the conversion of organic C into CO 2 . This study showed that the diverse activities of an integrated crop-cattle farming could be an alternative solution to climatic change mitigation. Key words: integrated farming, mitigation, organic C, methane, recycling","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"38 1","pages":"95-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70658292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-25DOI: 10.5398/MEDPET.2015.38.2.132
L. Abdullah, S. Supriyanto, Rizki Eka Puteri, P. D. M. Karti
The objective of the study was to explore the appropriate cutting age to produce optimal biomass and good nutrient quality from sorghum mutant lines BMR i.e., PATIR 3.5 M7, PATIR 3.6 M7, and PATIR 3.7 M7, also SAMURAI I (M17). A completely randomized in Split Plot design with 2 factors and 3 replicates was used. The first factor was the type of sorghum (SAMURAI I M17, PATIR 3.5, PATIR 3.6, PATIR 3.7) as the main plot and the second factor was the cutting age (85, 95, 105) as a subplot. Parameters observed were the production of stems, leaves, grains, total biomass production, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, crude protein, NFE, TDN, percentage of DMD, OMD and N-NH 3 . Data were analyzed by using ANOVA followed by DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The results showed that there were highly significant interactions (P<0.01) between cutting age and type of sorghum in production of stems, leaves, grains, total biomass production, value of TDN, DMD, OMD, and N-NH 3 . Increasing cutting age significantly increased the percentage of ash content, crude protein and crude fat. The sorghum type significantly affected crude fat content nonBMR sorghum variety of SAMURAI I (M17) and achieved optimal biomass production and nutrient content at cutting age of 85 d similar to BMR sorghum mutant lines PATIR 3.6 and PATIR 3.5, whereas BMR sorghum mutant lines of PATIR 3.7 achieved optimum production at the age of 95 d of cutting. All types of sorghum varieties was not recommended to be harvested at 105 d. Biomass production increased with the increasing of cutting age, but the nutrient content decreased. Key words: cutting age, mutant, sorghum
本研究的目的是探索高粱突变系BMR即PATIR 3.5 M7、PATIR 3.6 M7和PATIR 3.7 M7以及SAMURAI I (M17)获得最佳生物量和良好营养品质的适宜扦插年龄。采用2因素、3个重复的完全随机分割区设计。以高粱品种(SAMURAI I M17、PATIR 3.5、PATIR 3.6、PATIR 3.7)为主样地，以刈割年龄(85、95、105)为副样地。考察了茎、叶、籽粒产量、总生物量、灰分、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗蛋白质、NFE、TDN、DMD、OMD和n - nh3的比例。数据分析采用方差分析和DMRT(邓肯多元极差检验)。结果表明:刈割年龄与高粱品种在茎、叶、粒产量、总生物量、TDN值、DMD值、OMD值和n - nh3值之间存在极显著的交互作用(P<0.01);随着切削年龄的增加，粗灰分、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量显著提高。高粱类型显著影响非BMR高粱品种SAMURAI I (M17)的粗脂肪含量，其生物量产量和养分含量在切龄85 d时达到最佳，与BMR高粱突变系PATIR 3.6和PATIR 3.5相似，而BMR高粱突变系PATIR 3.7在切龄95 d时达到最佳产量。所有类型的高粱品种均不宜在105 d采收。生物量随刈割年龄的增加而增加，但养分含量下降。关键词:扦插期，突变体，高粱
{"title":"Productivity and Nutrient Quality of Some Sorghum Mutant Lines at Different Cutting Ages","authors":"L. Abdullah, S. Supriyanto, Rizki Eka Puteri, P. D. M. Karti","doi":"10.5398/MEDPET.2015.38.2.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/MEDPET.2015.38.2.132","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to explore the appropriate cutting age to produce optimal biomass and good nutrient quality from sorghum mutant lines BMR i.e., PATIR 3.5 M7, PATIR 3.6 M7, and PATIR 3.7 M7, also SAMURAI I (M17). A completely randomized in Split Plot design with 2 factors and 3 replicates was used. The first factor was the type of sorghum (SAMURAI I M17, PATIR 3.5, PATIR 3.6, PATIR 3.7) as the main plot and the second factor was the cutting age (85, 95, 105) as a subplot. Parameters observed were the production of stems, leaves, grains, total biomass production, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, crude protein, NFE, TDN, percentage of DMD, OMD and N-NH 3 . Data were analyzed by using ANOVA followed by DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The results showed that there were highly significant interactions (P<0.01) between cutting age and type of sorghum in production of stems, leaves, grains, total biomass production, value of TDN, DMD, OMD, and N-NH 3 . Increasing cutting age significantly increased the percentage of ash content, crude protein and crude fat. The sorghum type significantly affected crude fat content nonBMR sorghum variety of SAMURAI I (M17) and achieved optimal biomass production and nutrient content at cutting age of 85 d similar to BMR sorghum mutant lines PATIR 3.6 and PATIR 3.5, whereas BMR sorghum mutant lines of PATIR 3.7 achieved optimum production at the age of 95 d of cutting. All types of sorghum varieties was not recommended to be harvested at 105 d. Biomass production increased with the increasing of cutting age, but the nutrient content decreased. Key words: cutting age, mutant, sorghum","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"71 1","pages":"132-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70657957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-25DOI: 10.5398/MEDPET.2015.38.2.77
T. I. Amalianingsih, B. Brahmantiyo, Jakaria
The existence of selection on the rabbits with potential for meat has only been seen from phenotypic aspects including performance and productivity, while the molecular genetic studies are still very rare. One of the candidate genes for meat production traits in rabbit is myostatin. Totally 50 blood samples of male rabbits from Rex, Satin, Reza (crossing from Rex and Satin), Flemish Giant and FZ3 (crossing from Flemish Giant and Reza) breed were used at Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP). Genetic polymorphism by Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method used FspBI restriction enzyme. PCR-RFLP data were analyzed by calculating allele and genotype frequencies. Sequencing was performed in rabbit with different genotypes which represents each of the samples. Genotype of AT had two cut points of the FspBI restriction enzyme at the base position of 508 bp and 444 bp. The cut point at the base position of 446 bp was site mutation base T became A. Genotype of TT had one cut point at the base position of 508 bp and no mutation site. Allele T had higher frequency than allele A and just Rex and Reza rabbit breeds had two alleles. The other rabbits (Satin, Flemish Giant and FZ3) only had one allele i.e., allele T. PCR - RFLP analysis of the MSTN| FspBI gene segments was polymorphic in Rex and Reza rabbit breeds. All of rabbit breeds in this study did not have AA genotype. Key words: myostatin gene, rabbit
{"title":"Identification of Rabbit Myostatin Gene Polymorphisms","authors":"T. I. Amalianingsih, B. Brahmantiyo, Jakaria","doi":"10.5398/MEDPET.2015.38.2.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/MEDPET.2015.38.2.77","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of selection on the rabbits with potential for meat has only been seen from phenotypic aspects including performance and productivity, while the molecular genetic studies are still very rare. One of the candidate genes for meat production traits in rabbit is myostatin. Totally 50 blood samples of male rabbits from Rex, Satin, Reza (crossing from Rex and Satin), Flemish Giant and FZ3 (crossing from Flemish Giant and Reza) breed were used at Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP). Genetic polymorphism by Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method used FspBI restriction enzyme. PCR-RFLP data were analyzed by calculating allele and genotype frequencies. Sequencing was performed in rabbit with different genotypes which represents each of the samples. Genotype of AT had two cut points of the FspBI restriction enzyme at the base position of 508 bp and 444 bp. The cut point at the base position of 446 bp was site mutation base T became A. Genotype of TT had one cut point at the base position of 508 bp and no mutation site. Allele T had higher frequency than allele A and just Rex and Reza rabbit breeds had two alleles. The other rabbits (Satin, Flemish Giant and FZ3) only had one allele i.e., allele T. PCR - RFLP analysis of the MSTN| FspBI gene segments was polymorphic in Rex and Reza rabbit breeds. All of rabbit breeds in this study did not have AA genotype. Key words: myostatin gene, rabbit","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"38 1","pages":"77-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70658148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-25DOI: 10.5398/MEDPET.2015.38.2.123
R. Zahera, I. Permana, Despal
Green house fodder (GHF) is high quality forage that is produced by hydroponic vertical farming system in green house in short time. Silage is also high quality feed that is available all year rounds. The research aimed to evaluate productivity and nutritive value of mungbean’s GHF and its supplementation effect with and without silages based ration on dairy cow performances. The research was divided into two experiments. The first experiment studied the seed density (A1= 1.5 kg/m 2 ; A2= 2.5 kg/m 2 ; A3= 3.5 kg/m 2 ) in bioslurry:ABmix 25:75 media as nutrient solution and used randomized block design. The second experiment studied mungbean’s GHF supplementation that used twelve lactating dairy cows with 2 x 2 randomized factorial block design 2 x 2. Factor 1 compared silages utilization (S0= without silages; S1= silages) and factor 2 tested mungbean’s GHF supplementation level (G0= 0% DM; G1= 5% DM). The results showed that A1 produced the highest biomass conversion (5.27). GHF had high digestibility and fermentability indicated that GHF had potential as dairy feed. Supplementation of GHF increased nutrient intake. Silage is a high quality feed, so that GHF supplementation did not give significant effects on nutrient digestibility and milk production. It can be concluded that the low seed density (1.5 kg/m 2 ) had high productivity and nutrition quality, and its supplementation increased nutrient intake, but did not affect nutrient digestibility and milk production. Key words: green house fodder, mungbean, bioslurry, dairy cow, silages
{"title":"Utilization of Mungbean's Green House Fodder and Silage in the Ration for Lactating Dairy Cows","authors":"R. Zahera, I. Permana, Despal","doi":"10.5398/MEDPET.2015.38.2.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/MEDPET.2015.38.2.123","url":null,"abstract":"Green house fodder (GHF) is high quality forage that is produced by hydroponic vertical farming system in green house in short time. Silage is also high quality feed that is available all year rounds. The research aimed to evaluate productivity and nutritive value of mungbean’s GHF and its supplementation effect with and without silages based ration on dairy cow performances. The research was divided into two experiments. The first experiment studied the seed density (A1= 1.5 kg/m 2 ; A2= 2.5 kg/m 2 ; A3= 3.5 kg/m 2 ) in bioslurry:ABmix 25:75 media as nutrient solution and used randomized block design. The second experiment studied mungbean’s GHF supplementation that used twelve lactating dairy cows with 2 x 2 randomized factorial block design 2 x 2. Factor 1 compared silages utilization (S0= without silages; S1= silages) and factor 2 tested mungbean’s GHF supplementation level (G0= 0% DM; G1= 5% DM). The results showed that A1 produced the highest biomass conversion (5.27). GHF had high digestibility and fermentability indicated that GHF had potential as dairy feed. Supplementation of GHF increased nutrient intake. Silage is a high quality feed, so that GHF supplementation did not give significant effects on nutrient digestibility and milk production. It can be concluded that the low seed density (1.5 kg/m 2 ) had high productivity and nutrition quality, and its supplementation increased nutrient intake, but did not affect nutrient digestibility and milk production. Key words: green house fodder, mungbean, bioslurry, dairy cow, silages","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"38 1","pages":"123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70658311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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