Pub Date : 2014-12-17DOI: 10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.190
A. Safitri, A. Meryandini, Yopi
Porang ( Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is an indigenous Indonesian plant containing high hemicellulose as a source of glucomannan. An alternative way to produce a good quality of mannooligosaccharides was through hydrolysis of glucomannan by endo-β mannnase from actynomicetes. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, BF 3.10 isolate, isolated from Bukit Duabelas National Park soil, Jambi was identified as Streptomyces violascens BF 3.10 . Reducing sugar was analyzed by dinitrosalicylic acid methods. The highest reducing sugar was achieved at the 72 hours of incubation. Mannanase of isolate BF 3.10 had the highest activity at pH 6 and temperature of 70 °C with enzyme activity of 16.38 U/mL and was stable at 4 °C for 48 h. During 5-hour of hydrolysis with substrate concentration of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% porang glucomannan dissolved in 10 mL enzyme, mannooligosaccharides were produced with the degree of polymerization of 2-3. Visualization of the products by using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods showed that mannooligosaccharides produced comprised of glucose, mannobiose, mannotriose, and mannotetraose. The degree of polymerization and the simple sugars produced indicated that mannanase produced by S. violascens actively catalyzed the hydrolysis of 1.4-β-D-mannoside linkage from β-1.4-mannan backbone, that eventually produced simple sugars of mannooligosaccharides. Key words: glucomannan, mannanase, mannooligosaccharides, porang, Streptomyces violascens
Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)是一种印尼本土植物，含有高半纤维素作为葡甘露聚糖的来源。另一种生产优质甘露寡糖的方法是利用产自活动菌的内切-β甘露聚糖酶水解葡甘露聚糖。基于16S rRNA分析，从武吉杜阿贝拉国家公园(Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi)土壤中分离到的BF 3.10菌株为violascens Streptomyces BF 3.10。用二硝基水杨酸法分析还原糖。在孵育72小时时，还原糖达到最高。菌株BF 3.10的甘露聚糖酶在pH 6、温度70℃条件下活性最高，酶活性为16.38 U/mL，在4℃条件下可稳定水解48 h。在10 mL酶中分别以0.25%、0.5%和1%葡甘露聚糖的底物浓度水解5 h，可制得2 ~ 3度的甘露聚糖。通过薄层色谱(TLC)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)对产物进行可视化分析，得到的甘露寡糖主要由葡萄糖、甘露糖、甘露糖和甘露糖组成。聚合程度和产生的单糖表明，紫花葡萄产生的甘露聚糖酶能催化β-1.4- β- d -甘露聚糖键水解，最终产生甘露寡糖单糖。关键词:葡甘露聚糖，甘露聚糖酶，甘露寡糖，porang，紫链霉菌
{"title":"Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Porang by Streptomyces violascens BF 3.10 Mannanase for the Production of Mannooligosaccharides","authors":"A. Safitri, A. Meryandini, Yopi","doi":"10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.190","url":null,"abstract":"Porang ( Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is an indigenous Indonesian plant containing high hemicellulose as a source of glucomannan. An alternative way to produce a good quality of mannooligosaccharides was through hydrolysis of glucomannan by endo-β mannnase from actynomicetes. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, BF 3.10 isolate, isolated from Bukit Duabelas National Park soil, Jambi was identified as Streptomyces violascens BF 3.10 . Reducing sugar was analyzed by dinitrosalicylic acid methods. The highest reducing sugar was achieved at the 72 hours of incubation. Mannanase of isolate BF 3.10 had the highest activity at pH 6 and temperature of 70 °C with enzyme activity of 16.38 U/mL and was stable at 4 °C for 48 h. During 5-hour of hydrolysis with substrate concentration of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% porang glucomannan dissolved in 10 mL enzyme, mannooligosaccharides were produced with the degree of polymerization of 2-3. Visualization of the products by using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods showed that mannooligosaccharides produced comprised of glucose, mannobiose, mannotriose, and mannotetraose. The degree of polymerization and the simple sugars produced indicated that mannanase produced by S. violascens actively catalyzed the hydrolysis of 1.4-β-D-mannoside linkage from β-1.4-mannan backbone, that eventually produced simple sugars of mannooligosaccharides. Key words: glucomannan, mannanase, mannooligosaccharides, porang, Streptomyces violascens","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"37 1","pages":"190-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70657013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-17DOI: 10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.206
J. Takahashi
Major greenhouse gases (GHG) attributed to animal agriculture sector are methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), either generated from enteric fermentation or manure. The abatement mechanism of rumen CH 4 emission may be divided to direct and indirect suppression to methanogens in the rumen.The most significant strategy to mitigate ruminal CH 4 emission in indirect manner is to promote alternative metabolic pathway to dispose of the reducing power, competing with methanogenesis for H 2 uptake. This includes prebiotics and probiotics (mostly propionate enhancers) which consume metabolic hydrogen (H 2 ) compete with methanogens and abate rumen methanogenesis in indirect manner. With regard to mitigate GHG emissions from manure, such waste has been proposed as a renewable energy and nitrogen sources through biogas plant. Furthermore, in advanced new biogas system, the ammonia stripping from digested slurry of livestock manure in biogas plant has been examined to apply to nitrogen recycling-options mitigating N 2 O emission. These options are: (1) ammonolysis on fiber-rich feedstuffs, (2) saccharification of the NH 3 treated cellulose biomass to produce bio-ethanol, and (3) reformed hydrogen into NH 3 fuel cell to generate electricity with proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM). Key words: rumen methane, nitrous oxide, probiotics, prebiotics, ammonia stripping
{"title":"Prophylactic Modulation of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emitted from Ruminants Livestock for Sustainable Animal Agriculture","authors":"J. Takahashi","doi":"10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.206","url":null,"abstract":"Major greenhouse gases (GHG) attributed to animal agriculture sector are methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), either generated from enteric fermentation or manure. The abatement mechanism of rumen CH 4 emission may be divided to direct and indirect suppression to methanogens in the rumen.The most significant strategy to mitigate ruminal CH 4 emission in indirect manner is to promote alternative metabolic pathway to dispose of the reducing power, competing with methanogenesis for H 2 uptake. This includes prebiotics and probiotics (mostly propionate enhancers) which consume metabolic hydrogen (H 2 ) compete with methanogens and abate rumen methanogenesis in indirect manner. With regard to mitigate GHG emissions from manure, such waste has been proposed as a renewable energy and nitrogen sources through biogas plant. Furthermore, in advanced new biogas system, the ammonia stripping from digested slurry of livestock manure in biogas plant has been examined to apply to nitrogen recycling-options mitigating N 2 O emission. These options are: (1) ammonolysis on fiber-rich feedstuffs, (2) saccharification of the NH 3 treated cellulose biomass to produce bio-ethanol, and (3) reformed hydrogen into NH 3 fuel cell to generate electricity with proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM). Key words: rumen methane, nitrous oxide, probiotics, prebiotics, ammonia stripping","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"37 1","pages":"206-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70657344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-17DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2014.37.3.169
Fitra Yosi, S. Sandi
Liquid smoke is one of the feed additive that can be given to animals. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of liquid smoke given through drinking water on meat quality and production of fecal ammonia in broiler. Variables observed were meat pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, the tensile strength of meat, cut off strength of meat, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, and fecal ammonia. The experiment was assigned in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, and 4 equal replicates. The treatments tested were symbolized as R0, R1, R2, R3, and R4, based on the level of liquid smoke added into drinking water (v/v) namely, 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%, respectively. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and continued to Duncan’s multiple range test to determine the difference between treatment mean values at 5% probability. The results indicated that addition of liquid smoke up to 1% did not affect the meat pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, the tensile strength of meat, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine content, but it decreased the cut off strength of meat and fecal ammonia. It was concluded that an optimal dose of granting liquid smoke through drinking water was 1%. Key words: liquid smoke, broiler, meat quality, fecal ammonia
{"title":"Meat quality, blood profile, and fecal ammonia concentration of broiler supplemented with liquid smoke.","authors":"Fitra Yosi, S. Sandi","doi":"10.5398/medpet.2014.37.3.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2014.37.3.169","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid smoke is one of the feed additive that can be given to animals. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of liquid smoke given through drinking water on meat quality and production of fecal ammonia in broiler. Variables observed were meat pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, the tensile strength of meat, cut off strength of meat, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, and fecal ammonia. The experiment was assigned in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, and 4 equal replicates. The treatments tested were symbolized as R0, R1, R2, R3, and R4, based on the level of liquid smoke added into drinking water (v/v) namely, 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%, respectively. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and continued to Duncan’s multiple range test to determine the difference between treatment mean values at 5% probability. The results indicated that addition of liquid smoke up to 1% did not affect the meat pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, the tensile strength of meat, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine content, but it decreased the cut off strength of meat and fecal ammonia. It was concluded that an optimal dose of granting liquid smoke through drinking water was 1%. Key words: liquid smoke, broiler, meat quality, fecal ammonia","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"37 1","pages":"169-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5398/medpet.2014.37.3.169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70657126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-17DOI: 10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.198
S. J. Umboh, D. Hakim, B. Sinaga, I. K. Kariyasa
This research aimed at analyzing the impact of maize price changes on the performance of small-scale broiler farming in Indonesia using a multimarket model analysis. The multimarket model analysis is partial equilibrium analysis that contains six blocks of equations: prices, supply, input demand, consumption, income and equilibrium. This model analysis was originally designed in General Algebric Modelling System (GAMS) using the Path NLP solver. Employed data in this study were classified into 3 types, namely: (1) production and input, consumption, and household income; (2) inputs and outputs, and (3) elasticities. Decreased domestic maize price was responded by farmer through reducing maize planted area and fertilizers uses. It further had undesired impact on the maize production and maize farmer’s income. Whereas, this policy had positive impact on meat production and small-scale broiler farming income. The opposite impact will happen on those variables, if government increases domestic maize price. This policy caused the maize demand for feed industry decreased. As a result of this condition, it decreased the chicken meat production and small-scale broiler farming income. Key words: maize, broiler, price, multimarket
{"title":"Impacts of Domestic Maize Price Changes on the Performance of Small-scale Broiler Farming in Indonesia","authors":"S. J. Umboh, D. Hakim, B. Sinaga, I. K. Kariyasa","doi":"10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.198","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed at analyzing the impact of maize price changes on the performance of small-scale broiler farming in Indonesia using a multimarket model analysis. The multimarket model analysis is partial equilibrium analysis that contains six blocks of equations: prices, supply, input demand, consumption, income and equilibrium. This model analysis was originally designed in General Algebric Modelling System (GAMS) using the Path NLP solver. Employed data in this study were classified into 3 types, namely: (1) production and input, consumption, and household income; (2) inputs and outputs, and (3) elasticities. Decreased domestic maize price was responded by farmer through reducing maize planted area and fertilizers uses. It further had undesired impact on the maize production and maize farmer’s income. Whereas, this policy had positive impact on meat production and small-scale broiler farming income. The opposite impact will happen on those variables, if government increases domestic maize price. This policy caused the maize demand for feed industry decreased. As a result of this condition, it decreased the chicken meat production and small-scale broiler farming income. Key words: maize, broiler, price, multimarket","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"37 1","pages":"198-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70657141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-17DOI: 10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.182
S. Jannah, A. Dinoto, K. G. Wiryawan, Iman Rusmana
The aims of this study were to screen and characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from gastrointestinal (GI) tract of Cemani chicken, one of Indonesian local chicken and to investigate their potential use as probiotics. LAB were isolated from GI tract using MRSA and GYPA media and incubated anaerobically. Selected LAB were determined their probiotic properties with several assays. Identification of selected LAB was based on 16S rDNA sequences, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Ninety five bacteria were isolated and characterized as lactic acid bacteria (Gram positive, catalase negative, non sporeforming and acid producing). Twenty four isolates of LAB demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JCM 1649 and Salmonella enteritidis B2586, and three selected isolates, i.e. CCM011, CSP004, and CVM002 showed the highest inhibition activity. The isolates had characters of high cell surface hydrophobicity and inter-isolate coaggregation ability of LAB, high survival at low pH, high phytase and protease activity (but no amylase and lipase activity), weak coaggregation with pathogen and no resistance to the examined antibiotics. The isolates were identified based on sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene as Lactobacillus salivarius , however, each isolate had different profiles of sugar fermentation. Therefore the three LAB isolates had potential application as probiotics for chicken. Key words: Cemani chicken, gastrointestinal tract, lactic acid bacteria, probiotic
{"title":"Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Gastrointestinal Tract of Cemani Chicken and Their Potential Use as Probiotics","authors":"S. Jannah, A. Dinoto, K. G. Wiryawan, Iman Rusmana","doi":"10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.182","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this study were to screen and characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from gastrointestinal (GI) tract of Cemani chicken, one of Indonesian local chicken and to investigate their potential use as probiotics. LAB were isolated from GI tract using MRSA and GYPA media and incubated anaerobically. Selected LAB were determined their probiotic properties with several assays. Identification of selected LAB was based on 16S rDNA sequences, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Ninety five bacteria were isolated and characterized as lactic acid bacteria (Gram positive, catalase negative, non sporeforming and acid producing). Twenty four isolates of LAB demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JCM 1649 and Salmonella enteritidis B2586, and three selected isolates, i.e. CCM011, CSP004, and CVM002 showed the highest inhibition activity. The isolates had characters of high cell surface hydrophobicity and inter-isolate coaggregation ability of LAB, high survival at low pH, high phytase and protease activity (but no amylase and lipase activity), weak coaggregation with pathogen and no resistance to the examined antibiotics. The isolates were identified based on sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene as Lactobacillus salivarius , however, each isolate had different profiles of sugar fermentation. Therefore the three LAB isolates had potential application as probiotics for chicken. Key words: Cemani chicken, gastrointestinal tract, lactic acid bacteria, probiotic","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"37 1","pages":"182-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70656864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-17DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2014.37.3.175
E. Sulistyowati, A. Sudarman, K. G. Wiryawan, T. Toharmat
This in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the ruminal performances of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-diet (containing PUFA with 80% concentrate and 20% King grass) supplemented with yeast and C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. Experimental design was completely randomized block design of 4 x 4 with ruminal liquor derived from 4 slaughtered goats and 4 treatments (PD0-no supplement, PDY- 0.5% yeast, PDC-2% curcuma, and PDM- 0.5% yeast + 2% curcuma). Variables measured were pH, N-NH 3 , total and partial VFA (volatile fatty acid), protozoa population, and CH 4 (methane). Results showed that the lowest (P<0.05) organic (59.63%) and dry matter (58.00%) digestibilities were found in PDM. In in vitro , this diet was also showing quantitatively low in N-NH 3 (8.73 mM) and protozoa population (7.90±4.09 10 3 cfu/mL). On the other hand, it showed numerically high in VFA production (45.27 mM) and pH (6.74), yet low in CH4 (13.43% v/v). Based on these data, PDM was considered the most potential diet to improve nutrient metabolism in rumen of goat, in vitro . Key words: PUFA- diet, yeast, curcuma, in vitro fermentation
{"title":"In Vitro Goat Fermentation of PUFA-Diet Supplemented with Yeast and Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb","authors":"E. Sulistyowati, A. Sudarman, K. G. Wiryawan, T. Toharmat","doi":"10.5398/medpet.2014.37.3.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2014.37.3.175","url":null,"abstract":"This in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the ruminal performances of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-diet (containing PUFA with 80% concentrate and 20% King grass) supplemented with yeast and C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. Experimental design was completely randomized block design of 4 x 4 with ruminal liquor derived from 4 slaughtered goats and 4 treatments (PD0-no supplement, PDY- 0.5% yeast, PDC-2% curcuma, and PDM- 0.5% yeast + 2% curcuma). Variables measured were pH, N-NH 3 , total and partial VFA (volatile fatty acid), protozoa population, and CH 4 (methane). Results showed that the lowest (P<0.05) organic (59.63%) and dry matter (58.00%) digestibilities were found in PDM. In in vitro , this diet was also showing quantitatively low in N-NH 3 (8.73 mM) and protozoa population (7.90±4.09 10 3 cfu/mL). On the other hand, it showed numerically high in VFA production (45.27 mM) and pH (6.74), yet low in CH4 (13.43% v/v). Based on these data, PDM was considered the most potential diet to improve nutrient metabolism in rumen of goat, in vitro . Key words: PUFA- diet, yeast, curcuma, in vitro fermentation","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"37 1","pages":"175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5398/medpet.2014.37.3.175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70657311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-17DOI: 10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.161
I. Prihantoro, D. Evvyernie, Suryani, L. Abdullah, T. Toharmat
Buffalo’s rumen bacteria (BRB) are potential in digesting fiber feed. BRB already adapted well with low quality forages and agricultural byproducts. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of buffalo’s rumen bacteria (BRB) consortium inoculated into preweaning Frisian Holstein calves on nutrient digestibility, physiological status, mineral uptake, and blood profile. This study used 14 isolates of bacteria isolated from rumen fluid of four local buffalos. The research units consisted of seven Frisian Holstein calves at two weeks old with the average body weight of 43.6±4.5 kg. Calves were inoculated with 20 mL of buffalo’s rumen bacteria isolates [4.56 x 10 9 cfu/mL] every morning for 10 weeks. The calves were divided into two groups i.e., three calves received bacterial inoculation and four calves without any inoculation. The variables which were analyzed in the preweaning and weaning period were feed intake, digestibility, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), rumen fermentation characteristics, body weight, physiological status, blood profile, and mineral status. Data were analyzed statistically using t-test. The results showed that inoculation of buffalo’s rumen bacteria into Frisian Holstein calves effectively increased feed intake, characteristics of leukocytes and neutrophils, and cobalt (Co) uptake during the weaning period. Inoculation of rumen bacteria improved rumen pH during preweaning and weaning periods. Inoculation of rumen bacteria also had no negative effects on digestibility, feed conversion (FCR), average daily gain (ADG), and physiological status. Key words: buffalo rumen bacteria, digestibility, physiological status, blood profile, Pennisetum purpureum
{"title":"Nutrient Digestibility and Performances of Frisian Holstein Calves Fed with Pennisetum purpureum and Inoculated with Buffalo’s Rumen Bacteria","authors":"I. Prihantoro, D. Evvyernie, Suryani, L. Abdullah, T. Toharmat","doi":"10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.161","url":null,"abstract":"Buffalo’s rumen bacteria (BRB) are potential in digesting fiber feed. BRB already adapted well with low quality forages and agricultural byproducts. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of buffalo’s rumen bacteria (BRB) consortium inoculated into preweaning Frisian Holstein calves on nutrient digestibility, physiological status, mineral uptake, and blood profile. This study used 14 isolates of bacteria isolated from rumen fluid of four local buffalos. The research units consisted of seven Frisian Holstein calves at two weeks old with the average body weight of 43.6±4.5 kg. Calves were inoculated with 20 mL of buffalo’s rumen bacteria isolates [4.56 x 10 9 cfu/mL] every morning for 10 weeks. The calves were divided into two groups i.e., three calves received bacterial inoculation and four calves without any inoculation. The variables which were analyzed in the preweaning and weaning period were feed intake, digestibility, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), rumen fermentation characteristics, body weight, physiological status, blood profile, and mineral status. Data were analyzed statistically using t-test. The results showed that inoculation of buffalo’s rumen bacteria into Frisian Holstein calves effectively increased feed intake, characteristics of leukocytes and neutrophils, and cobalt (Co) uptake during the weaning period. Inoculation of rumen bacteria improved rumen pH during preweaning and weaning periods. Inoculation of rumen bacteria also had no negative effects on digestibility, feed conversion (FCR), average daily gain (ADG), and physiological status. Key words: buffalo rumen bacteria, digestibility, physiological status, blood profile, Pennisetum purpureum","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"37 1","pages":"161-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70657067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-17DOI: 10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.155
K. Maghfiroh, H. Latif, K. Santoso
This study was aimed to describe cortisol hormone concentration and meat quality which were produced in beef cattle stunned with captive bolt stun gun before slaughtering. Blood and meat samples were taken from Brahman cross steers (n= 11) in two abattoirs located in West Java and Banten. Blood samples were collected immediately after slaughtering. Cortisol hormone concentration in the serum was measured by using radioimmunoassay (RIA). The descriptive, correlation, and regression analyses were used to interprete data. Meat quality assessment was based on pH, cooking loss, and complete drainage of blood. The average of cortisol hormone concentration was 26.59 ng/mL. Meat pH at 1 h postmortem and 24 h postmortem were 6.65 and 6.21, respectively. Meat cooking loss was 26.77%. Blood drainage in meat samples of each cattle showed complete drainage. There was a significant correlation (P<0.05) between cortisol concentrations and pH at 1 hour postmortem as well as cortisol concentration and cooking loss. There was no significant correlation between pH at 24 h postmortem and cooking loss. Cattle was stunned with a captive bolt stun gun before slaughtering produced meat with complete blood drainage but had high cortisol hormone concentration and pH ultimate. Key words: cortisol, quality of meat, stunning, captive bolt stun gun
本研究旨在描述在屠宰前用擒抱螺栓电击枪电击肉牛所产生的皮质醇激素浓度和肉质。从位于西爪哇和万丹的两个屠宰场的婆罗门交叉牛(n= 11)中采集了血液和肉样本。屠宰后立即采集血液样本。采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定血清皮质醇激素浓度。使用描述性、相关性和回归分析来解释数据。肉质评估以pH值、蒸煮损失和血液完全排出为基础。皮质醇激素浓度平均值为26.59 ng/mL。死后1 h和24 h肉质pH分别为6.65和6.21。肉类蒸煮损失为26.77%。每头牛的肉样血液引流完全。死后1 h皮质醇浓度与pH值、皮质醇浓度与蒸煮损失呈显著相关(P<0.05)。死后24 h pH值与蒸煮损失无显著相关性。在屠宰前用擒抱螺栓电击枪对牛进行电击，产生的肉血液完全排出，但皮质醇激素浓度和最终pH值较高。关键词:皮质醇;肉质;眩晕
{"title":"Cortisol Hormone Concentration and Meat Quality of Beef Cattle Stunned by Captive Bolt Stun Gun before Slaughtering","authors":"K. Maghfiroh, H. Latif, K. Santoso","doi":"10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.155","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to describe cortisol hormone concentration and meat quality which were produced in beef cattle stunned with captive bolt stun gun before slaughtering. Blood and meat samples were taken from Brahman cross steers (n= 11) in two abattoirs located in West Java and Banten. Blood samples were collected immediately after slaughtering. Cortisol hormone concentration in the serum was measured by using radioimmunoassay (RIA). The descriptive, correlation, and regression analyses were used to interprete data. Meat quality assessment was based on pH, cooking loss, and complete drainage of blood. The average of cortisol hormone concentration was 26.59 ng/mL. Meat pH at 1 h postmortem and 24 h postmortem were 6.65 and 6.21, respectively. Meat cooking loss was 26.77%. Blood drainage in meat samples of each cattle showed complete drainage. There was a significant correlation (P<0.05) between cortisol concentrations and pH at 1 hour postmortem as well as cortisol concentration and cooking loss. There was no significant correlation between pH at 24 h postmortem and cooking loss. Cattle was stunned with a captive bolt stun gun before slaughtering produced meat with complete blood drainage but had high cortisol hormone concentration and pH ultimate. Key words: cortisol, quality of meat, stunning, captive bolt stun gun","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"37 1","pages":"155-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70656681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-17DOI: 10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.151
M. F. Ulum, D. Setiadi, Budianto Panjaitan, M. Noordin, Amrozi
The aim of this study was to describe the sonographic appearance of abdominal wall at the left flank of laparotomy incision site in 11 mated Ettawah grade does. Brightness-mode ultrasound examination by using transducer with frequency of 5.0-6.0 MHz was conducted to grouping the does based on their pregnancy statuses. The incision site of the abdominal wall at left flank laparotomy was transcutaneous-scanned as long as 8 cm vertically. The sonographic appearance of the laparotomy wall thickness showed that in all groups of does were similar and not different statistically. The thickness of oblique external and oblique internal abdominal muscles increased in the pregnant does as compared to non-pregnant does (P<0.05). Key words: laparotomy, left flank, ultrasonography, incision site, Ettawah grade does
{"title":"Sonographic Appearance of Abdominal Wall at the Left Flank of Laparotomy Incision Site in Ettawah Grade Does","authors":"M. F. Ulum, D. Setiadi, Budianto Panjaitan, M. Noordin, Amrozi","doi":"10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.151","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to describe the sonographic appearance of abdominal wall at the left flank of laparotomy incision site in 11 mated Ettawah grade does. Brightness-mode ultrasound examination by using transducer with frequency of 5.0-6.0 MHz was conducted to grouping the does based on their pregnancy statuses. The incision site of the abdominal wall at left flank laparotomy was transcutaneous-scanned as long as 8 cm vertically. The sonographic appearance of the laparotomy wall thickness showed that in all groups of does were similar and not different statistically. The thickness of oblique external and oblique internal abdominal muscles increased in the pregnant does as compared to non-pregnant does (P<0.05). Key words: laparotomy, left flank, ultrasonography, incision site, Ettawah grade does","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"37 1","pages":"151-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5398/MEDPET.2014.37.3.151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70656768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-06DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2014.37.3.143
S. Siswanti, C. Sumantri, J. Jakaria
Factor XI Deficiency (FXID) is caused by imperfect insertion of poly adenine which is resulted in introduction of premature stop codon in FXI gene. Substitution of guanine into thymine in SLC35A3 gene caused Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM). The research was aimed to detect the presence or absence of a genetic defect mainly CVM using SLC35A3 gene and FXID using FXI gene in Indonesian Bali cattle. The presence of this genetic defect may have a significant economic impact on the breeding program. The research of genetic defect was done mostly in dairy cattle, but there was no report for screening of genetic defect in Bali cattle. In this study, 303 fresh blood samples and 22 semen samples which were collected from Indonesian Bali cattle breeding center (BPTU HMT Denpasar, BPT HMT Serading West Nusa Tenggara and district Barru South Sulawesi) and artificial insemination centre (BBIB Singosari and BIBD Baturiti) were used for screening of FXID and CVM. The amplicons of FXI gene were obtained by using PCR and that for SLC35A3 gene were obtained by using PCR-RFLP method with PstI restriction enzyme. These PCR products were analyzed by using 2% agarose gels electrophoresis. All genotypes were confirmed by DNA sequencing to determine an allele mutant. The allele mutant was not found in all of the samples. The result of this study showed that CVM and FXID were not detected in Bali cattle from Indonesian Bali cattle breeding and artificial insemination centres. Key words: Bali cattle, genetic defect, SLC35S3 gene, factor XI gene
{"title":"Detection of Factor XI Deficiency (FXID) and Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM) in Bali Cattle","authors":"S. Siswanti, C. Sumantri, J. Jakaria","doi":"10.5398/medpet.2014.37.3.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2014.37.3.143","url":null,"abstract":"Factor XI Deficiency (FXID) is caused by imperfect insertion of poly adenine which is resulted in introduction of premature stop codon in FXI gene. Substitution of guanine into thymine in SLC35A3 gene caused Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM). The research was aimed to detect the presence or absence of a genetic defect mainly CVM using SLC35A3 gene and FXID using FXI gene in Indonesian Bali cattle. The presence of this genetic defect may have a significant economic impact on the breeding program. The research of genetic defect was done mostly in dairy cattle, but there was no report for screening of genetic defect in Bali cattle. In this study, 303 fresh blood samples and 22 semen samples which were collected from Indonesian Bali cattle breeding center (BPTU HMT Denpasar, BPT HMT Serading West Nusa Tenggara and district Barru South Sulawesi) and artificial insemination centre (BBIB Singosari and BIBD Baturiti) were used for screening of FXID and CVM. The amplicons of FXI gene were obtained by using PCR and that for SLC35A3 gene were obtained by using PCR-RFLP method with PstI restriction enzyme. These PCR products were analyzed by using 2% agarose gels electrophoresis. All genotypes were confirmed by DNA sequencing to determine an allele mutant. The allele mutant was not found in all of the samples. The result of this study showed that CVM and FXID were not detected in Bali cattle from Indonesian Bali cattle breeding and artificial insemination centres. Key words: Bali cattle, genetic defect, SLC35S3 gene, factor XI gene","PeriodicalId":18346,"journal":{"name":"Media Peternakan","volume":"37 1","pages":"143-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5398/medpet.2014.37.3.143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70655402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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