Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.36108/nje/1202/73.0130
M. M. Degri, Maimuna Buba, D. Dunuwel
Different strategies had been used for controlling the pest and stabilizing the productivity of the cropping systems. Weeding and insecticide application are some of the crop management practices that minimize the incidence and damage of insect pests in eggplant crops in order to enhance its growth and yield performance. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a popular and very important vegetable crop that is infested and damaged by arthropod pests in Nigeria. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the of weeding frequency and conventional insecticide application in the control of leaf roller (Eublemma olivacea Wlk.) in eggplant. Five application concentrations of magic force (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0L/ha) and four weeding frequencies were assessed using split- plot laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. Results showed that three weedings and the application of insecticide at 1.5l/ha were found to be effective in reducing the population of E. olivacea and eggplant leaves damage. It further showed that these practices improved the number of eggplant fruits, fruit weight and fruit yield during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons in the study area combining three weedings with an appropriate insecticide (1.5l/ha) concentration rate is recommended for the control of eggplant leaf roller (E. olivacea) to poor resource farmers in the study area.
{"title":"Response of the Leaf Roller, Eublemma olivacea Wlk to Applications of Weeding and Insecticidal Treatments on Eggplant, Solanum melongena L","authors":"M. M. Degri, Maimuna Buba, D. Dunuwel","doi":"10.36108/nje/1202/73.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/1202/73.0130","url":null,"abstract":"Different strategies had been used for controlling the pest and stabilizing the productivity of the cropping systems. Weeding and insecticide application are some of the crop management practices that minimize the incidence and damage of insect pests in eggplant crops in order to enhance its growth and yield performance. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a popular and very important vegetable crop that is infested and damaged by arthropod pests in Nigeria. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the of weeding frequency and conventional insecticide application in the control of leaf roller (Eublemma olivacea Wlk.) in eggplant. Five application concentrations of magic force (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0L/ha) and four weeding frequencies were assessed using split- plot laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. Results showed that three weedings and the application of insecticide at 1.5l/ha were found to be effective in reducing the population of E. olivacea and eggplant leaves damage. It further showed that these practices improved the number of eggplant fruits, fruit weight and fruit yield during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons in the study area combining three weedings with an appropriate insecticide (1.5l/ha) concentration rate is recommended for the control of eggplant leaf roller (E. olivacea) to poor resource farmers in the study area.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126359800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.21
S. A. Dattijo
The study was to assess insecticidal effectiveness of Jatropha curcas L. seed powder on Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic) infesting stored bambaranut, Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt. The experiment was laid out in a factorial design of 4×2 levels (seed powder at the rates of 0.0, 0.5. 1.0 and 1.5 g, with and without addition of the synthetic insecticide at 0.01 g/20 g bambaranut seed) and laid out in a completely randomized design, in three replicates. Results obtained showed lowest oviposition, progeny emergence and seed damage (5.33, 1.58 and 1.83, respectively) in bambaranut seeds admixed with 1.0 g of the seed. Although, statistically similar to all other treatments, it was significantly (P≤0.001) better than the control treatment in which 33.83 eggs were laid and 24.08 adults emerged from 22.92 emergence holes. In addition, at six (6) days after treatment, highest adult mortality rate (99.17%) similar to that (99.17%) obtained in the synthetic insecticide was also recorded in seeds treated with 1.0 g seed powder. However, all other treatments were also significantly better than the control, in which 72.50% of the introduced bruchids died. Comparatively, lowest rate of seed damage (6.68%) and lasting effect was also obtained with the addition 1.0 g seed powder. In conclusion, appreciable level of protection on bambaranut seeds was achieved using seed powder of J. curcas. Therefore, it is recommended that for effective management of C. subinnotatus infesting bambaranut, farmers could use 5 Kg seed powder on 100 Kg bambaranut seeds.
{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Jatropha curcas L. Seed Powder for the Control of Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic) on Stored Bambaranut, Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt","authors":"S. A. Dattijo","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.21","url":null,"abstract":"The study was to assess insecticidal effectiveness of Jatropha curcas L. seed powder on Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic) infesting stored bambaranut, Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt. The experiment was laid out in a factorial design of 4×2 levels (seed powder at the rates of 0.0, 0.5. 1.0 and 1.5 g, with and without addition of the synthetic insecticide at 0.01 g/20 g bambaranut seed) and laid out in a completely randomized design, in three replicates. Results obtained showed lowest oviposition, progeny emergence and seed damage (5.33, 1.58 and 1.83, respectively) in bambaranut seeds admixed with 1.0 g of the seed. Although, statistically similar to all other treatments, it was significantly (P≤0.001) better than the control treatment in which 33.83 eggs were laid and 24.08 adults emerged from 22.92 emergence holes. In addition, at six (6) days after treatment, highest adult mortality rate (99.17%) similar to that (99.17%) obtained in the synthetic insecticide was also recorded in seeds treated with 1.0 g seed powder. However, all other treatments were also significantly better than the control, in which 72.50% of the introduced bruchids died. Comparatively, lowest rate of seed damage (6.68%) and lasting effect was also obtained with the addition 1.0 g seed powder. In conclusion, appreciable level of protection on bambaranut seeds was achieved using seed powder of J. curcas. Therefore, it is recommended that for effective management of C. subinnotatus infesting bambaranut, farmers could use 5 Kg seed powder on 100 Kg bambaranut seeds.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126827249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.90
N. Musa
Field experiment was carried out during 2018 cropping season to evaluate the effect of planting dates on incidence of legume pod borer Maruca vitrata on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties. The treatments consist of five varieties of cowpea (local variety, SAMPEA 6, SAMPEA 7, SAMPEA 8 and SAMPEA 10) which were sown at three different dates, 7th (early), 24th (Mid) August and 7th (early) September, 2018. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. The number of M. vitrata larva on flowers, damaged pods and weight of grains were determined. The result showed that first sowing nearly August had less infestation by M. vitrata than those in mid August and differs significantly (P≤0.05) from those sown in September. All varieties sown in early and mid August had less M. vitrata infestation and produced higher grain yield of 533.33kg and 395.06 kg on SAMPEA 7 and SAMPEA 8, respectively compared to those sown in early September: 256.79 and 197.53 on SAMPEA 7 and SAMPEA 10, respectively. Local variety and SAMPEA 6 were the varieties with higher mean number of M. vitrata, higher pod damage and low grain yield. Therefore, SAMPEA 7 can be utilized in breeding program for the management of pod borer.
{"title":"Effect of Planting Dates on Incidence of Legume Pod Borer (Maruca vitrata Geyer) on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Varieties in Samaru Kataf, Kaduna State","authors":"N. Musa","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.90","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiment was carried out during 2018 cropping season to evaluate the effect of planting dates on incidence of legume pod borer Maruca vitrata on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties. The treatments consist of five varieties of cowpea (local variety, SAMPEA 6, SAMPEA 7, SAMPEA 8 and SAMPEA 10) which were sown at three different dates, 7th (early), 24th (Mid) August and 7th (early) September, 2018. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. The number of M. vitrata larva on flowers, damaged pods and weight of grains were determined. The result showed that first sowing nearly August had less infestation by M. vitrata than those in mid August and differs significantly (P≤0.05) from those sown in September. All varieties sown in early and mid August had less M. vitrata infestation and produced higher grain yield of 533.33kg and 395.06 kg on SAMPEA 7 and SAMPEA 8, respectively compared to those sown in early September: 256.79 and 197.53 on SAMPEA 7 and SAMPEA 10, respectively. Local variety and SAMPEA 6 were the varieties with higher mean number of M. vitrata, higher pod damage and low grain yield. Therefore, SAMPEA 7 can be utilized in breeding program for the management of pod borer.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129774889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.61
Y. A. Umar
Seasonal differences in the abundance of tsetse flies in Pantaki was investigated between July and August, 2016 and January and February, 2017 in Kagarko. Standard bioconical trapping method was used to collect the insects. A total of 208 tsetse flies were caught of which 139 (66.8%) were Glossina palpalis palpalis while 69 (33.2%) were Glossina tachinoides revealing an overall apparent density of 3.7T/T/D. The results indicate a significant difference (p<0.05) in abundance of tsetse flies in the wet compared to the dry seasons. Also, both species were relatively more abundant during wet (G. palpalis palpalis 75.5%, G. tachinoides 84.1%) than dry (G. palpalis palpalis 24%, G. tachinoides 15.9%) seasons. The differences in abundance observed could be due to the favourable climatic condition. This call for deployment of tsetse fly control measures (during the wet season) in the area.
{"title":"Seasonal Differences in the Abundance of Tsetse Flies (Glossina Species) in Pantaki, Kaduna State","authors":"Y. A. Umar","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.61","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal differences in the abundance of tsetse flies in Pantaki was investigated between July and August, 2016 and January and February, 2017 in Kagarko. Standard bioconical trapping method was used to collect the insects. A total of 208 tsetse flies were caught of which 139 (66.8%) were Glossina palpalis palpalis while 69 (33.2%) were Glossina tachinoides revealing an overall apparent density of 3.7T/T/D. The results indicate a significant difference (p<0.05) in abundance of tsetse flies in the wet compared to the dry seasons. Also, both species were relatively more abundant during wet (G. palpalis palpalis 75.5%, G. tachinoides 84.1%) than dry (G. palpalis palpalis 24%, G. tachinoides 15.9%) seasons. The differences in abundance observed could be due to the favourable climatic condition. This call for deployment of tsetse fly control measures (during the wet season) in the area.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130495111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.31
C. F. Nwanade
The insecticidal and residual effectiveness of Diatomaceous Earth (DE) (Nigeria-derived) and Spinosad® against Sitophilus zeamais on stored rice were evaluated under laboratory temperature (30 ± 2°C) and relative humidity (70 ± 5%). Adult mortality and progeny emergence were studied at three dose rates of DE and Spinosad® (0.1g/kg, 0.5g/kg, and 1g/kg). Spinosad® at 0.1-1.0 g/kg dose rates demonstrated significant results in mortality compared to DE and control groups at 14 d post-treatment and after the 2nd month of storage treatment. Spinosad® treated grains at the same dose rates also resulted in a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the emergence of progeny. Unlike DE, Spinosad® showed some insecticidal efficacy against S. zeamais on storage.
{"title":"Persistence and Effectiveness of Diatomaceous Earth and Spinosad® Against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Stored Rice","authors":"C. F. Nwanade","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.31","url":null,"abstract":"The insecticidal and residual effectiveness of Diatomaceous Earth (DE) (Nigeria-derived) and Spinosad® against Sitophilus zeamais on stored rice were evaluated under laboratory temperature (30 ± 2°C) and relative humidity (70 ± 5%). Adult mortality and progeny emergence were studied at three dose rates of DE and Spinosad® (0.1g/kg, 0.5g/kg, and 1g/kg). Spinosad® at 0.1-1.0 g/kg dose rates demonstrated significant results in mortality compared to DE and control groups at 14 d post-treatment and after the 2nd month of storage treatment. Spinosad® treated grains at the same dose rates also resulted in a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the emergence of progeny. Unlike DE, Spinosad® showed some insecticidal efficacy against S. zeamais on storage.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126811073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.01
N. B. Sanda
In the 21st century climate change has been recognized globally as the most impending, and critical issue that affects all animals including insects. In particular, temperature plays an important role in the development, reproduction, host searching, survival, pathogenicity, sex ratio and insect death. The Nipa palm hispid, Octodonta nipae (Maulik) is an important invasive pest of palm trees in Sothern China. Knowledge of how this beetle can be controlled with entomopathogenic nematodes under different environmental temperature is scarce. Therefore, the aims of this study were to test the efficacy of two entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) at different development temperatures. The pathogenicity was tested at concentration of 100 IJs larva-1 and treatment are kept at four temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 36°C, 80 ± 5% RH. The results showed that, both nematodes species caused larval mortalities at all the tested temperatures except at 36°C. The highest larval mortalities of 85.3% and 40.6% were obtained at 30°C for both S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora respectively. Furthermore, both nematodes penetrated O. nipae larvae at all temperature conditions except at 36°C. Similarly, the highest penetrations of nematodes infective juveniles were recorded at 30°C for S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora. The study demonstrated that, warmer temperature enhanced the pathogenicity of nematodes, which in turns trade well with the unprecedented increase in environmental temperature under climate change, for integrated management of this beetle.
{"title":"Effect of Temperatures on the Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) for Biocontrol of Octodonta nipae (Maulik)","authors":"N. B. Sanda","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"In the 21st century climate change has been recognized globally as the most impending, and critical issue that affects all animals including insects. In particular, temperature plays an important role in the development, reproduction, host searching, survival, pathogenicity, sex ratio and insect death. The Nipa palm hispid, Octodonta nipae (Maulik) is an important invasive pest of palm trees in Sothern China. Knowledge of how this beetle can be controlled with entomopathogenic nematodes under different environmental temperature is scarce. Therefore, the aims of this study were to test the efficacy of two entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) at different development temperatures. The pathogenicity was tested at concentration of 100 IJs larva-1 and treatment are kept at four temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 36°C, 80 ± 5% RH. The results showed that, both nematodes species caused larval mortalities at all the tested temperatures except at 36°C. The highest larval mortalities of 85.3% and 40.6% were obtained at 30°C for both S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora respectively. Furthermore, both nematodes penetrated O. nipae larvae at all temperature conditions except at 36°C. Similarly, the highest penetrations of nematodes infective juveniles were recorded at 30°C for S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora. The study demonstrated that, warmer temperature enhanced the pathogenicity of nematodes, which in turns trade well with the unprecedented increase in environmental temperature under climate change, for integrated management of this beetle.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"21 22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114445118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.50
H. Sule
Laboratory experiment was conducted at the Department of Crop Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano, in order to assess the effect of oils obtained from the seeds of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera on African Maize Stalk Borer (Busseola fusca Fuller). The effects of the plant seed oils on larvae mortality, pupae and adult emergence were tested on freshly cut leaves/stem of maize 3-4 cm long) and treated with the prepared plant oils at various concentrations (10, 20, and 30%) and control (0%). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design and replicated four times. The results showed that both plant seeds oils were lethal to the developmental stages of B. fusca, causing mortality (21%) to the larvae, and subsequently preventing and/or suppressing pupae (2.08) and adult emergence (1.95). Treatment at 30% concentration was found to be more lethal to all the developmental stages of the test insect. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that any of the plant seed oils at 30 % concentration could be used to manage B. fusca.
{"title":"Biocidal Activities of Seed Oils of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera on Development of African Maize Stalk borer, Busseola fusca Fuller (Lepdoptera: Pyralidae)","authors":"H. Sule","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.50","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory experiment was conducted at the Department of Crop Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano, in order to assess the effect of oils obtained from the seeds of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera on African Maize Stalk Borer (Busseola fusca Fuller). The effects of the plant seed oils on larvae mortality, pupae and adult emergence were tested on freshly cut leaves/stem of maize 3-4 cm long) and treated with the prepared plant oils at various concentrations (10, 20, and 30%) and control (0%). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design and replicated four times. The results showed that both plant seeds oils were lethal to the developmental stages of B. fusca, causing mortality (21%) to the larvae, and subsequently preventing and/or suppressing pupae (2.08) and adult emergence (1.95). Treatment at 30% concentration was found to be more lethal to all the developmental stages of the test insect. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that any of the plant seed oils at 30 % concentration could be used to manage B. fusca.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116273272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.80
S. A. Dattijo
Due to many ways by which they are exploited, insects and their products could be a very big business. They are sold for agricultural protection, crop pollination, as well as human, livestock and pet nutrition. In addition, their products are sold for pharmaceuticals, health, and the implements for research, art works and a host of other uses. This review focused on commercialization of insects and their products with a view of sharing existing knowledge on global commerce of various insects and their products. Available literature revealed that there was an increase in demand for edible insects in the United States of America and prices were as high as $150 kg-1. Similarly, between 2010 and 2015, animal feed market in the United Kingdom grew at 3.5% annually and is currently worth £5 billion. Because of its scarcity, high demand, and recognition of its healing properties, royal jelly, one of the most sought after from bee products commands astronomical price internationally. In addition, no any other industry could generate high level of employment as sericulture, especially in rural areas where it takes 11 workdays to produce a Kg of raw silk. The contribution insects and their products can give to improve the economy of a developing country such as Nigeria is considerable, but underestimated or neglected. Insects are unlikely to make a major contribution in the near future, but the idea that they are potential source of overcoming the economic problems is not as farfetched as it seemed. Therefore, there is the need to adopt an added value approach to insects and their products and sensitize as well as encourage small-scale farmers, who are disadvantaged in international market participation due to lack of access to information, services, technology or the capacity, to produce larger volumes of quality insect products.
{"title":"Insects and Their Products as a Potential Source of Food, Feed and Economic Security: A Review","authors":"S. A. Dattijo","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.80","url":null,"abstract":"Due to many ways by which they are exploited, insects and their products could be a very big business. They are sold for agricultural protection, crop pollination, as well as human, livestock and pet nutrition. In addition, their products are sold for pharmaceuticals, health, and the implements for research, art works and a host of other uses. This review focused on commercialization of insects and their products with a view of sharing existing knowledge on global commerce of various insects and their products. Available literature revealed that there was an increase in demand for edible insects in the United States of America and prices were as high as $150 kg-1. Similarly, between 2010 and 2015, animal feed market in the United Kingdom grew at 3.5% annually and is currently worth £5 billion. Because of its scarcity, high demand, and recognition of its healing properties, royal jelly, one of the most sought after from bee products commands astronomical price internationally. In addition, no any other industry could generate high level of employment as sericulture, especially in rural areas where it takes 11 workdays to produce a Kg of raw silk. The contribution insects and their products can give to improve the economy of a developing country such as Nigeria is considerable, but underestimated or neglected. Insects are unlikely to make a major contribution in the near future, but the idea that they are potential source of overcoming the economic problems is not as farfetched as it seemed. Therefore, there is the need to adopt an added value approach to insects and their products and sensitize as well as encourage small-scale farmers, who are disadvantaged in international market participation due to lack of access to information, services, technology or the capacity, to produce larger volumes of quality insect products.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133753190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.41
C. Ebi
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important fruit crop in Nigeria. It is a source of essential vitamins and is also cultivated for its nutritional, medicinal and industrial uses. Fruit flies infest various commercial fruit crops and cause economic damage. Mass trapping and male annihilation technique (MAT) has been the most useful and common means of controlling fruit flies with special focus on Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) on mangoes. The study evaluated the effectiveness of four types of parapheromones namely, methyl eugenol (liquid and solid forms), cuelure, terpinyl acetate and trimedlure for mass trapping of fruit flies on Mango. Modified Lynfield traps containing the parapheromones were randomly set on the mango orchards in three replicates in Nigeria Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) orchard, Okigwe, Imo state, Southeast Nigeria. This study was conducted during the mango fruiting period of 2019 season, when the density of fruit flies peaked. Effect of parapheromones on mean number of damaged dropped fruits was also evaluated. The mean population of B. dorsalis and Ceratitis cosyra was significantly higher (P>0.05) in liquid methyl eugenol traps when compared to other parapheromones. Bactrocera dorsalis recorded more than 90% of the fruit flies that were trapped especially in the first 3 weeks of trapping. In orchard I, Liquid methyl eugenol significantly (P<0.05) trapped highest number of B. dorsalis (270.20) in week I and similar trends were observed in orchard II. There was steady decline in damaged dropped mango fruits as the study progressed (Fig. 1 and 2). Use of liquid methyl eugenol was most effective in trapping B. dorsalis and C. cosyra, and it can be incorporated in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes for the control of fruit flies.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Selected Parapheromones for Mass Trapping of Mango Fruit Fly, Ceratitis cosyra Walker and Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Mango","authors":"C. Ebi","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.41","url":null,"abstract":"Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important fruit crop in Nigeria. It is a source of essential vitamins and is also cultivated for its nutritional, medicinal and industrial uses. Fruit flies infest various commercial fruit crops and cause economic damage. Mass trapping and male annihilation technique (MAT) has been the most useful and common means of controlling fruit flies with special focus on Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) on mangoes. The study evaluated the effectiveness of four types of parapheromones namely, methyl eugenol (liquid and solid forms), cuelure, terpinyl acetate and trimedlure for mass trapping of fruit flies on Mango. Modified Lynfield traps containing the parapheromones were randomly set on the mango orchards in three replicates in Nigeria Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) orchard, Okigwe, Imo state, Southeast Nigeria. This study was conducted during the mango fruiting period of 2019 season, when the density of fruit flies peaked. Effect of parapheromones on mean number of damaged dropped fruits was also evaluated. The mean population of B. dorsalis and Ceratitis cosyra was significantly higher (P>0.05) in liquid methyl eugenol traps when compared to other parapheromones. Bactrocera dorsalis recorded more than 90% of the fruit flies that were trapped especially in the first 3 weeks of trapping. In orchard I, Liquid methyl eugenol significantly (P<0.05) trapped highest number of B. dorsalis (270.20) in week I and similar trends were observed in orchard II. There was steady decline in damaged dropped mango fruits as the study progressed (Fig. 1 and 2). Use of liquid methyl eugenol was most effective in trapping B. dorsalis and C. cosyra, and it can be incorporated in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes for the control of fruit flies.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125567908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.51
U. Nduka
Mating between male and female leather beetle, Dermestes maculatus infesting smoked catfish, Clarias gariepinus was disrupted in this study. The effects of disruption on pest biological activities and nutritional quality of fish after pest infestation were determined using standard methods. Mating disruption technique of 2:1 (♂: ♀); where the males were removed after 24 h of mating had the highest number of survived adults. Number of developed larvae (156.80 and 167.50) was significantly higher on treatments 1:2 and 2:1 (♂: ♀) in which males were removed after 48 h and 24 h, respectively. Frass weight generated by the beetle was higher in the mating disruption treatment 2:1 (♂: ♀) in which the male insects were removed at 24 h. Mating disruption technique 1:1 (♂ : ♀) in which male was removed after 144 h of mating, had higher ash content (5.307%) whereas, the least ash content (3.622%) was recorded in mating disruption treatment 1:1 (♂ : ♀) and the male was removed after 120 h. Moisture content (29.05%) was significantly higher on mating disruption technique 1:1 (♂: ♀) where the male was removed after 144 h. Mating disruption resulted into different number of offspring of D. maculatus and different degree of loss of minerals. These give unequivocal signal that mating disruption can affect biological activities and nutrient quality. Therefore, the use of physical mating disruption technique can be applied to D. maculatus control to reduce their (adults and larvae) biological impact on smoked fish and ensure quality and sufficient fish for human use.
{"title":"Effect of Mating Disruption in Leather Beetle, Dermestes maculatus on Biological Activities and Nutritional Quality of Infested Smoked Catfish, Clarias gariepinus","authors":"U. Nduka","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.51","url":null,"abstract":"Mating between male and female leather beetle, Dermestes maculatus infesting smoked catfish, Clarias gariepinus was disrupted in this study. The effects of disruption on pest biological activities and nutritional quality of fish after pest infestation were determined using standard methods. Mating disruption technique of 2:1 (♂: ♀); where the males were removed after 24 h of mating had the highest\u0000number of survived adults. Number of developed larvae (156.80 and 167.50) was significantly higher on treatments 1:2 and 2:1 (♂: ♀) in which males were removed after 48 h and 24 h, respectively. Frass weight generated by the beetle was higher in the mating disruption treatment 2:1 (♂: ♀) in which the male insects were removed at 24 h. Mating disruption technique 1:1 (♂ : ♀) in which male was removed after 144 h of mating, had higher ash content (5.307%) whereas, the least ash content (3.622%) was recorded in mating disruption treatment 1:1 (♂ : ♀) and the male was removed after 120 h. Moisture content (29.05%) was significantly higher on mating disruption technique 1:1 (♂: ♀) where the male was removed after 144 h. Mating disruption resulted into different number of offspring of D. maculatus and different degree of loss of minerals. These give unequivocal signal that mating disruption can affect biological activities and nutrient quality. Therefore, the use of physical mating disruption technique can be applied to D. maculatus control to reduce their (adults and larvae) biological impact on smoked fish and ensure quality and sufficient fish for human use.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126022373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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