Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.50
T. Adebowale, A. A. Osipitan
Damage to stored maize grains by Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus is enormous and could be total if the insects are not controlled timely and appropriately. Control of the insects with host plant resistance has advantages over other control measures because of its lasting effect, friendliness to the environment and safety to natural enemies among others. This study assessed host resistance of 11 maize varieties to infestation and damage by S. zeamais and P. truncatus. One hundred gram maize grains each of the maize varieties were weighed into 250 cm3 glass jars and separately infested with twenty, 1-5 days old S. zeamais or P. truncatus. Percentage grain damage, weight loss, adult mortality, grain dust and number of insects were determined and integrated to define the resistance of the maize varieties to the insects. Eight of the 11 maize varieties were either resistant or moderately resistant to damage by S. zeamais and P. truncatus, while three were susceptible. The basis of resistance is antibiosis conferred by the ash, carbohydrate and fat content of the maize grains. The resistance varieties could be planted to mitigate infestation and damage by the insects. The factors conferring resistance can be used as environmentally friendly source of resistance to breed maize grains for resistance to the insects.
{"title":"Resistance of Some Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) to Damage by Maize Weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)","authors":"T. Adebowale, A. A. Osipitan","doi":"10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.50","url":null,"abstract":"Damage to stored maize grains by Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus is enormous and could be total if the insects are not controlled timely and appropriately. Control of the insects with host plant resistance has advantages over other control measures because of its lasting effect, friendliness to the environment and safety to natural enemies among others. This study assessed host resistance of 11 maize varieties to infestation and damage by S. zeamais and P. truncatus. One hundred gram maize grains each of the maize varieties were weighed into 250 cm3 glass jars and separately infested with twenty, 1-5 days old S. zeamais or P. truncatus. Percentage grain damage, weight loss, adult mortality, grain dust and number of insects were determined and integrated to define the resistance of the maize varieties to the insects. Eight of the 11 maize varieties were either resistant or moderately resistant to damage by S. zeamais and P. truncatus, while three were susceptible. The basis of resistance is antibiosis conferred by the ash, carbohydrate and fat content of the maize grains. The resistance varieties could be planted to mitigate infestation and damage by the insects. The factors conferring resistance can be used as environmentally friendly source of resistance to breed maize grains for resistance to the insects.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126395748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.21
A. Okeke, A. A. Omoloye, V. Umeh, G. Goergen
Papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus is an invasive polyphagous hemipteran that causes enormous damage to different host plants in Nigeria. However, information on the pest’s damage potential and host range is scanty; therefore, the host preference and life cycle of P. marginatus were investigated. Six economic plants: Carica papaya (Caricaceae), Solanum lycopersicum (Soalnaceae), Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae), Abelmoschus esculentus (Malvaceae), Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) and Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae) were evaluated as food hosts to P. marginatus using free-choice and no-choice tests in screen cages (1.80×0.60×1.50m). The developmental biology was investigated following standard procedures at ambient conditions of 27±20C; 70±5% RH and 12:12 hour photoperiod. Significantly more P. marginatus migrated to and utilized C. papaya (27.5±2.9) and M. esculenta (20.75±1.3) as food host. This pest occurred on other plants in decreasing order; S. lycopersicon (17.0±1.3) > P. guajava (12.5±0.4) > A. esculentus (11.8±1.2) and T. grandis (10.00±1.4) appeared to be the least preferred. The duration of development from egg to adult ranged from 23.52±0.1 to 25.76±0.4 days in the females and 25.91±0.6 to 30.62±0.8 in the males, which passed through more nymphal instars (4) than in females (3). The life cycle of P. marginatus was completed in shorter time on C. papaya than on any other host plants. The differences between male and female adult weights (2.98±0.4mg and 3.90±0.6mg) were not significant. Paracoccus marginatus preferred pawpaw and cassava to the other crops. This information is useful for development of appropriate integrated management programme for the pest.
{"title":"Food Host Preference and Life cycle characteristics of the Papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Will. and Granara de Willink in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria","authors":"A. Okeke, A. A. Omoloye, V. Umeh, G. Goergen","doi":"10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.21","url":null,"abstract":"Papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus is an invasive polyphagous hemipteran that causes enormous damage to different host plants in Nigeria. However, information on the pest’s damage potential and host range is scanty; therefore, the host preference and life cycle of P. marginatus were investigated. Six economic plants: Carica papaya (Caricaceae), Solanum lycopersicum (Soalnaceae), Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae), Abelmoschus esculentus (Malvaceae), Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) and Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae) were evaluated as food hosts to P. marginatus using free-choice and no-choice tests in screen cages (1.80×0.60×1.50m). The developmental biology was investigated following standard procedures at ambient conditions of 27±20C; 70±5% RH and 12:12 hour photoperiod. Significantly more P. marginatus migrated to and utilized C. papaya (27.5±2.9) and M. esculenta (20.75±1.3) as food host. This pest occurred on other plants in decreasing order; S. lycopersicon (17.0±1.3) > P. guajava (12.5±0.4) > A. esculentus (11.8±1.2) and T. grandis (10.00±1.4) appeared to be the least preferred. The duration of development from egg to adult ranged from 23.52±0.1 to 25.76±0.4 days in the females and 25.91±0.6 to 30.62±0.8 in the males, which passed through more nymphal instars (4) than in females (3). The life cycle of P. marginatus was completed in shorter time on C. papaya than on any other host plants. The differences between male and female adult weights (2.98±0.4mg and 3.90±0.6mg) were not significant. Paracoccus marginatus preferred pawpaw and cassava to the other crops. This information is useful for development of appropriate integrated management programme for the pest.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115864952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.30
B. T. Sadiku, K. Kemabonta, W. Makanjuola
The reproductive performance, damage and weight loss of the Larger Grain Borer (LGB), Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on three food hosts namely cassava (TMS 30572, TME 419 and TMS98/0505), maize (SUWAN-1-SR-Y, BR 9943-DMR-SR and 2009 TZEWDT STR) and wood (Albizia glaberrima, Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis) were investigated. Samples of 100g of the food host were weighed in four replicates into 250ml Kilner® jar and infested with 10 pairs of 1-5 day old LGB. The developmental period of LGB on each of the food host was noted and recorded. Similarly, weight loss and weight of damaged grains was determined as basis for determining the susceptibility of the food hosts to LGB infestation. Proximate composition of infested and un- infested food hosts of LGB were determined following the analytical procedures. Maize was the most preferred host, followed by cassava as indicated by the high number of adult LGB and grain damage recorded on them. The development of LGB was completed on all maize and cassava varieties but not on any of the wood species examined. Percent damage, weight loss, and percent dust were significantly (P<0.05) different among the food hosts. The mean percent damage (79.0), percent weight loss (57.0) and percent dust (25.0) recorded in cassava variety-TMS30572 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than on other food hosts. No weight loss was recorded on T. grandis. This study revealed the ability of P. truncatus to breed and feed on the maize and cassava varieties with no evidence of breeding on the three wood species. Carbohydrate contents were higher in the most preferred food host, maize (70.91) and less preferred food, cassava (82.02) than non-preferred wood species (13.56), indicating that carbohydrate was an essential component in most preferred food. Infestation of LGB caused significant reduction (P<0.05) in the nutritional component of the food hosts. This study showed that LGB still remains an economically important insect pest of maize and cassava. Considering the importance of these two crops to the livelihood of smallholder farmers, appropriate monitoring and control measures should therefore be put in place to safe guard maize and cassava from the ravages of this pest for the attendant enhancement of food security in Nigeria.
{"title":"Reproductive performance of the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on three different food hosts","authors":"B. T. Sadiku, K. Kemabonta, W. Makanjuola","doi":"10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.30","url":null,"abstract":"The reproductive performance, damage and weight loss of the Larger Grain Borer (LGB), Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on three food hosts namely cassava (TMS 30572, TME 419 and TMS98/0505), maize (SUWAN-1-SR-Y, BR 9943-DMR-SR and 2009 TZEWDT STR) and wood (Albizia glaberrima, Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis) were investigated. Samples of 100g of the food host were weighed in four replicates into 250ml Kilner® jar and infested with 10 pairs of 1-5 day old LGB. The developmental period of LGB on each of the food host was noted and recorded. Similarly, weight loss and weight of damaged grains was determined as basis for determining the susceptibility of the food hosts to LGB infestation. Proximate composition of infested and un- infested food hosts of LGB were determined following the analytical procedures. Maize was the most preferred host, followed by cassava as indicated by the high number of adult LGB and grain damage recorded on them. The development of LGB was completed on all maize and cassava varieties but not on any of the wood species examined. Percent damage, weight loss, and percent dust were significantly (P<0.05) different among the food hosts. The mean percent damage (79.0), percent weight loss (57.0) and percent dust (25.0) recorded in cassava variety-TMS30572 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than on other food hosts. No weight loss was recorded on T. grandis. This study revealed the ability of P. truncatus to breed and feed on the maize and cassava varieties with no evidence of breeding on the three wood species. Carbohydrate contents were higher in the most preferred food host, maize (70.91) and less preferred food, cassava (82.02) than non-preferred wood species (13.56), indicating that carbohydrate was an essential component in most preferred food. Infestation of LGB caused significant reduction (P<0.05) in the nutritional component of the food hosts. This study showed that LGB still remains an economically important insect pest of maize and cassava. Considering the importance of these two crops to the livelihood of smallholder farmers, appropriate monitoring and control measures should therefore be put in place to safe guard maize and cassava from the ravages of this pest for the attendant enhancement of food security in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"6 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116819010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.31
O. Uyi, I. G. Amolo, A. Adetimehin
Several studies have demonstrated the biological efficacy of leaf, stem and root powders or extracts of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson against insect pests but those that are focused on the biological efficacy of aqueous leaf extracts against Macrotermes species are scanty. Current management of termites with synthetic insecticides is being discouraged due to human and environmental hazards. Therefore, the insecticidal effectiveness of aqueous leaf extract C. odorata against Macrotermes species was investigated. Five concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% (w/v)) of the aqueous extract of C. odorata plant were evaluated for repellency and toxicity on the worker caste of Macrotermes species following standard procedures. The filter paper impregnation technique was used for the bioassay. Percentage repellency was monitored for 30 minutes and mortality recorded at 12, 24 and 36 hours post exposure. The leaf extract of C. odorata significantly repelled 95% of Macrotermes species at the highest concentration of 10% (w/v) after 30 minutes post treatment exposure. Mortality of Macrotermes species was independent of treatment concentration, but dependent on duration of exposure. All treatment concentrations of aqueous leaf extract of C. odorata caused significant mortality against Macrotermes species ranging between 94% and 98% compared to the control; indicating very great potential for adoption and use in the management of Macrotermes species.
{"title":"Insecticidal Activities of the Leaf Extract of the Invasive Alien Plant, Chromolaena odorata (L.) (Asteraceae) Against Macrotermes species (Termites)","authors":"O. Uyi, I. G. Amolo, A. Adetimehin","doi":"10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.31","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have demonstrated the biological efficacy of leaf, stem and root powders or extracts of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson against insect pests but those that are focused on the biological efficacy of aqueous leaf extracts against Macrotermes species are scanty. Current management of termites with synthetic insecticides is being discouraged due to human and environmental hazards. Therefore, the insecticidal effectiveness of aqueous leaf extract C. odorata against Macrotermes species was investigated. Five concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% (w/v)) of the aqueous extract of C. odorata plant were evaluated for repellency and toxicity on the worker caste of Macrotermes species following standard procedures. The filter paper impregnation technique was used for the bioassay. Percentage repellency was monitored for 30 minutes and mortality recorded at 12, 24 and 36 hours post exposure. The leaf extract of C. odorata significantly repelled 95% of Macrotermes species at the highest concentration of 10% (w/v) after 30 minutes post treatment exposure. Mortality of Macrotermes species was independent of treatment concentration, but dependent on duration of exposure. All treatment concentrations of aqueous leaf extract of C. odorata caused significant mortality against Macrotermes species ranging between 94% and 98% compared to the control; indicating very great potential for adoption and use in the management of Macrotermes species.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129126792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/6102/23.0130
S. C. Ewuim, M. C. Abajue, S. Anason
Flies associated with carcasses of different decomposing whole and parts of animals were studied in an open fallow plot of land in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State. The animals parts including Flesh of pork (meat), Flesh of cattle (beef), Liver of goat, Liver of cow, Blood of goat, Blood of cow, whole Ice fish and whole Fresh fish were exposed to flies in plastic plates. It took about nine days to become completely decomposed. The study recorded a total of 1,042 individual flies which were collected using sweep net and water traps. The immature ones were collected with either Art’s brush or with blunt forceps. Nine fly families were identified including Calliphoridae, Diopsidae, Dolichopodidae, Ephydridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae, Sepsidae, Sciomyzidae and Tachinidae. The species of these families include Chrysomya albiceps Weid., Chrysomya chloropyga Weid., Chrysomya regalis Rob-Desv., Diopsis apicalis Dalm, Chrysosoma tenuipenna Curran, Discomyza sp., Musca domestica linn .. Sacrophaga bercaea Rob-Desv, Sepsis sp., Sepedomyia sp., Aplomya sp. and Thelairosoma sp. The mean temperature and relative humidity of the site during the study were 28.3 ± O. 14°C and 80 ± 0.22 % respectively. Fly species documented as flies of forensic importance in this study were discussed while their ecological implications in relation to their diversity and equitability on the carcasses were also highlighted.
{"title":"Study of Flies Recovered from Decomposing Whole and Parts of Animals in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"S. C. Ewuim, M. C. Abajue, S. Anason","doi":"10.36108/nje/6102/23.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/6102/23.0130","url":null,"abstract":"Flies associated with carcasses of different decomposing whole and parts of animals were studied in an open fallow plot of land in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State. The animals parts including Flesh of pork (meat), Flesh of cattle (beef), Liver of goat, Liver of cow, Blood of goat, Blood of cow, whole Ice fish and whole Fresh fish were exposed to flies in plastic plates. It took about nine days to become completely decomposed. The study recorded a total of 1,042 individual flies which were collected using sweep net and water traps. The immature ones were collected with either Art’s brush or with blunt forceps. Nine fly families were identified including Calliphoridae, Diopsidae, Dolichopodidae, Ephydridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae, Sepsidae, Sciomyzidae and Tachinidae. The species of these families include Chrysomya albiceps Weid., Chrysomya chloropyga Weid., Chrysomya regalis Rob-Desv., Diopsis apicalis Dalm, Chrysosoma tenuipenna Curran, Discomyza sp., Musca domestica linn .. Sacrophaga bercaea Rob-Desv, Sepsis sp., Sepedomyia sp., Aplomya sp. and Thelairosoma sp. The mean temperature and relative humidity of the site during the study were 28.3 ± O. 14°C and 80 ± 0.22 % respectively. Fly species documented as flies of forensic importance in this study were discussed while their ecological implications in relation to their diversity and equitability on the carcasses were also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123942937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/6102/23.0131
A. M. Malgwi, M. O. Adeyeye, D. Dunuwel
The effect of Sherpa plus (Cypennethrin 12g + dimethoate 100 g/l) at four concentration levels was examined on the damage caused by Busseola fusca (F.) [Lepidotera :Noctuidae] on the yield of six maize varieties and cultivars at Jalingo and Yola in 2013 cropping season. The experiment was a split-plot design with six maize varieties/cultivars [T2L-Comp.4c2;BR-9928-DMR-SR-Y; SWAN 1(white); SWAN 2 (yellow) and the cultivars Ex-Jalingo white and yellow] were the sub-plots and the main-plots were the four concentration levels (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 l/ha) on a sub-plot size of 3x3m replicated 3times. Maize plants were sprayed 2 times with Sherpa plus at 4 and 8 weeks after emergence (WAE). The damage recorded were pin-hole stem tunneling and breakage at cob formation soft dough stage. The highest yield was 0.5/ha (4,700 kg/ha) followed by 1.01lha(4,079.69 kg), while lower yield of 3,112.95 was recorded on the control (0.0l/ha).There was less stem tunneling and breakage at 1.5 Vha. The variety that gave the highest yield was T2L-Comp.4c2 (5,022.0Kg/ha) while the least was SWAN 1(white) obtained from Osun State ADP (1,716 kg/ha). The Ex- Jalingo yellow and white cultivars gave moderate yields of 4.500.95 and 4,421.80 kg/ha respectively. Higher yields were obtained from Jalingo than at Yola. It is recommended here that the improved varieties obtained from IITA be used for planting by farmers, while the local cultivars obtained at Jalingo should be improved by breeders since they were relatively more promising than the SWANs.
{"title":"Effects of Different Insecticidal Concentration Levels on Damage of Busseola fusca (F.) on the Yield of Maize at Jalingo and Yola, Nigeria","authors":"A. M. Malgwi, M. O. Adeyeye, D. Dunuwel","doi":"10.36108/nje/6102/23.0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/6102/23.0131","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of Sherpa plus (Cypennethrin 12g + dimethoate 100 g/l) at four concentration levels was examined on the damage caused by Busseola fusca (F.) [Lepidotera :Noctuidae] on the yield of six maize varieties and cultivars at Jalingo and Yola in 2013 cropping season. The experiment was a split-plot design with six maize varieties/cultivars [T2L-Comp.4c2;BR-9928-DMR-SR-Y; SWAN 1(white); SWAN 2 (yellow) and the cultivars Ex-Jalingo white and yellow] were the sub-plots and the main-plots were the four concentration levels (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 l/ha) on a sub-plot size of 3x3m replicated 3times. Maize plants were sprayed 2 times with Sherpa plus at 4 and 8 weeks after emergence (WAE). The damage recorded were pin-hole stem tunneling and breakage at cob formation soft dough stage. The highest yield was 0.5/ha (4,700 kg/ha) followed by 1.01lha(4,079.69 kg), while lower yield of 3,112.95 was recorded on the control (0.0l/ha).There was less stem tunneling and breakage at 1.5 Vha. The variety that gave the highest yield was T2L-Comp.4c2 (5,022.0Kg/ha) while the least was SWAN 1(white) obtained from Osun State ADP (1,716 kg/ha). The Ex- Jalingo yellow and white cultivars gave moderate yields of 4.500.95 and 4,421.80 kg/ha respectively. Higher yields were obtained from Jalingo than at Yola. It is recommended here that the improved varieties obtained from IITA be used for planting by farmers, while the local cultivars obtained at Jalingo should be improved by breeders since they were relatively more promising than the SWANs.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131182754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/6102/23.0180
F. A. Ajayi, E. Peter
Three edible essential oils extracted from West African Black Pepper (WABP), Piper guineense Schum and Thonn., Clove, Syzgium aromaticum (L.) Merril and Percy and Ethiopian Pepper, Xylopia aethiopica (Dunn) A. Rich were investigated for their effectiveness in suppressing the number and adult emergence of flat grain beetle, C. ferrugineus. Five pairs of adult C. ferrugineus were treated with the three edible essential oils at the rates of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0mg/10 g broken maize grain at 20% of 109 maze grains. The experiment was carried out as treatment before infestation (TBI) in the laboratory in a completely randomized block design, replicated four times. In comparison to the treatment and control (0.00 mg), the entire plant oil significantly (P<0.05) reduced the population of C. ferrugineus by causing high mortality rates and completely prevented subsequent adult emergence. Treatments with Ethiopian Pepper and WABP oil at the rates of 0.25 ,0.5, 0.75 mg/l 0 g broken maize recorded up to 90% mortality while clove oil recorded 100% mortality at all the dosage rates applied when compared with the control. The potential effectiveness of all the three edible essential oils implies that maize stored as grits could be adequately protected against C. ferrugineus, thus reducing their infestation and damage on maize grains.
{"title":"Efficacy of Three Essential Oils in the Management of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Steph.) Infesting Stored Maize Grains in Lafia, Nigeria","authors":"F. A. Ajayi, E. Peter","doi":"10.36108/nje/6102/23.0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/6102/23.0180","url":null,"abstract":"Three edible essential oils extracted from West African Black Pepper (WABP), Piper guineense Schum and Thonn., Clove, Syzgium aromaticum (L.) Merril and Percy and Ethiopian Pepper, Xylopia aethiopica (Dunn) A. Rich were investigated for their effectiveness in suppressing the number and adult emergence of flat grain beetle, C. ferrugineus. Five pairs of adult C. ferrugineus were treated with the three edible essential oils at the rates of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0mg/10 g broken maize grain at 20% of 109 maze grains. The experiment was carried out as treatment before infestation (TBI) in the laboratory in a completely randomized block design, replicated four times. In comparison to the treatment and control (0.00 mg), the entire plant oil significantly (P<0.05) reduced the population of C. ferrugineus by causing high mortality rates and completely prevented subsequent adult emergence. Treatments with Ethiopian Pepper and WABP oil at the rates of 0.25 ,0.5, 0.75 mg/l 0 g broken maize recorded up to 90% mortality while clove oil recorded 100% mortality at all the dosage rates applied when compared with the control. The potential effectiveness of all the three edible essential oils implies that maize stored as grits could be adequately protected against C. ferrugineus, thus reducing their infestation and damage on maize grains.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131550893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/6102/23.0160
F. Ugwuon, J. Onweluzo
This work evaluated the antifeedant effect of Piper guineense (Schum. and Thonn) Oil against the insect pests, Sitophilus zeamais (Mostch) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in Treculia africana (Decne) seeds. P guineense fruits (200 g) were extracted with 500 ml n-hexane for the spice oil which was dosed at 0,0.25,0.5,0.75 and 1.0% concentrations against 10 adults of either insect during the toxicity study. The piper guineense oil coursed dose-dependent morality of both test insects. Tribolium castaneum was more resistant than Sitophilus zeamais against the spice oil but mortality of both insects increased with exposure time to the oil. In columns’ 70 % filled with Treculia africana seeds, l ml oil concentration after 7 days of exposure caused 50 % kill of T. castaneum and 97 % kill of S. zeamais. Also the l ml spice oil concentration in 1.51 air chamber and exposure time of 48 h caused 72 % kill of T. castaneum and 75 % kill of S. Zeamais in fumigation tests. Thus,piper guineense oil could be used to protect Treculia africana seeds against these pests.
{"title":"Antifeedant Effects of the Black Pepper (Piper guineense: Schum and Thonn) Oil Against Sitophilus zeamais Herbst and Tribolium castaneum Motsch in African Breadfruit Seeds During Storage","authors":"F. Ugwuon, J. Onweluzo","doi":"10.36108/nje/6102/23.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/6102/23.0160","url":null,"abstract":"This work evaluated the antifeedant effect of Piper guineense (Schum. and Thonn) Oil against the insect pests, Sitophilus zeamais (Mostch) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in Treculia africana (Decne) seeds. P guineense fruits (200 g) were extracted with 500 ml n-hexane for the spice oil which was dosed at 0,0.25,0.5,0.75 and 1.0% concentrations against 10 adults of either insect during the toxicity study. The piper guineense oil coursed dose-dependent morality of both test insects. Tribolium castaneum was more resistant than Sitophilus zeamais against the spice oil but mortality of both insects increased with exposure time to the oil. In columns’ 70 % filled with Treculia africana seeds, l ml oil concentration after 7 days of exposure caused 50 % kill of T. castaneum and 97 % kill of S. zeamais. Also the l ml spice oil concentration in 1.51 air chamber and exposure time of 48 h caused 72 % kill of T. castaneum and 75 % kill of S. Zeamais in fumigation tests. Thus,piper guineense oil could be used to protect Treculia africana seeds against these pests.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123014940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/6102/23.0190
M. Usman, L. Bamaiyi, A. Oparaeke, M. Dike, R. S. Adamu
The effect of Sitophilus zeamais infestation on tryptophan content was evaluated on ten (10) maize varieties, comprising nine Quality Protein Maize (QPM) varieties and one non-QPM which served as check. One hundred grammes of each maize variety were infested with ten pairs of newly emerged S. zeamais in separate kilner jars. The number of F, and F2 progeny, percentage damage, percentage weight loss and effect of kernel hardness were evaluated for each maize variety. The tryptophan content of the maize varieties were determined before and after infestation with S. zeamais to determine the amount of losses incurred as a result of feeding by S. zeamais .The result showed that at 45 days after infestation with S. zeamais, FLINT-Q (24.63) was relatively the most susceptible variety with the highest mean number of F1 progeny while SAMMAZ 17 (12.63) had the least amongst the QPM varieties. At 90 days after infestation with S. zeamais, DENT-Q (51.63) had the highest mean number of F2 progeny whereas SAMMAZ 17 (19.25) had the least. The highest mean number of damaged grains with emergent holes were observed in FLINT-Q (36.50) followed by DENT-Q (34.88). The highest weight loss was also observed in FLINT-Q (7.78) followed by DENT-Q (7.59). A maximum reduction in tryptophan as a result of feeding by S. zeamais was found in FLINT-Q (42.86 %) which decreased from an initial value of 0.07 % to 0.04 % at 12 weeks of storage. Minimum reductions in tryptophan (11.11 %) amongst the QPM varieties were observed in SAMMAZ 17 which decreased from 0.09 % to 0.08 %. The results on the determination of grain hardness showed that SAMMAZ 17 appeared to be relatively harder than all the .other QPM varieties. It can therefore be concluded that SAMMAZ 17 variety with relatively hard kernel is the most tolerant variety to S. zeamais infestation which can be stored for 90 days with minimum insect infestation and reduction in tryptophan content.
{"title":"Effect of Sitophilus zeamaisMotsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Infestation on Tryptophan Content of Stored Quality Protein on Maize Varieties.","authors":"M. Usman, L. Bamaiyi, A. Oparaeke, M. Dike, R. S. Adamu","doi":"10.36108/nje/6102/23.0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/6102/23.0190","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of Sitophilus zeamais infestation on tryptophan content was evaluated on ten (10) maize varieties, comprising nine Quality Protein Maize (QPM) varieties and one non-QPM which served as check. One hundred grammes of each maize variety were infested with ten pairs of newly emerged S. zeamais in separate kilner jars. The number of F, and F2 progeny, percentage damage, percentage weight loss and effect of kernel hardness were evaluated for each maize variety. The tryptophan content of the maize varieties were determined before and after infestation with S. zeamais to determine the amount of losses incurred as a result of feeding by S. zeamais .The result showed that at 45 days after infestation with S. zeamais, FLINT-Q (24.63) was relatively the most susceptible variety with the highest mean number of F1 progeny while SAMMAZ 17 (12.63) had the least amongst the QPM varieties. At 90 days after infestation with S. zeamais, DENT-Q (51.63) had the highest mean number of F2 progeny whereas SAMMAZ 17 (19.25) had the least. The highest mean number of damaged grains with emergent holes were observed in FLINT-Q (36.50) followed by DENT-Q (34.88). The highest weight loss was also observed in FLINT-Q (7.78) followed by DENT-Q (7.59). A maximum reduction in tryptophan as a result of feeding by S. zeamais was found in FLINT-Q (42.86 %) which decreased from an initial value of 0.07 % to 0.04 % at 12 weeks of storage. Minimum reductions in tryptophan (11.11 %) amongst the QPM varieties were observed in SAMMAZ 17 which decreased from 0.09 % to 0.08 %. The results on the determination of grain hardness showed that SAMMAZ 17 appeared to be relatively harder than all the .other QPM varieties. It can therefore be concluded that SAMMAZ 17 variety with relatively hard kernel is the most tolerant variety to S. zeamais infestation which can be stored for 90 days with minimum insect infestation and reduction in tryptophan content.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114503595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.36108/nje/6102/23.0140
A. Oyerinde
Variations in the morphometric features of honeybees encountered in this study were within the range for A. mellifera adansonii (below 8mm), while the mean annual honey yield of the races ranged between 9kg in race 1 in the 2010 and 19kg of honey in race 4 in 2008 season. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in honey production among the respective races. Races 3 and 4 produced higher volumes of honey compared with the other races while the lowest volume of honey was recovered from colonies formed by race 1. In addition, positive correlation (P <0.01) was established between honey yield and antenna length (AL, 0.071) (P< 0.05), maximum width of abdomen (MWA, 0.084), proboscis length (PL, 0.078), length of pollen basket (LPB, 0.079), width of pollen basket (WPB, 0.186), length of hind wing (LHW, 0.167), length of Forewing (LFW, 0.164), length offemur (LF, 0.143), length of tarsi (M, 0.229) and length of radial cell of the forewing (LRC,0.109).
{"title":"Assessment of Honey Production Efficiency of Races of Apis mellifera. AdansoniiL. in Nigeria","authors":"A. Oyerinde","doi":"10.36108/nje/6102/23.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/6102/23.0140","url":null,"abstract":"Variations in the morphometric features of honeybees encountered in this study were within the range for A. mellifera adansonii (below 8mm), while the mean annual honey yield of the races ranged between 9kg in race 1 in the 2010 and 19kg of honey in race 4 in 2008 season. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in honey production among the respective races. Races 3 and 4 produced higher volumes of honey compared with the other races while the lowest volume of honey was recovered from colonies formed by race 1. In addition, positive correlation (P <0.01) was established between honey yield and antenna length (AL, 0.071) (P< 0.05), maximum width of abdomen (MWA, 0.084), proboscis length (PL, 0.078), length of pollen basket (LPB, 0.079), width of pollen basket (WPB, 0.186), length of hind wing (LHW, 0.167), length of Forewing (LFW, 0.164), length offemur (LF, 0.143), length of tarsi (M, 0.229) and length of radial cell of the forewing (LRC,0.109).","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128194719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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