Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.18664/1994-7852.204.2023.283882
Ruslan Viznyak
In the article the specifics of force factors namely operating loads influencing durability of bodies of gondola cars at their unloading on stationary rotary car tippers are processed, possible characteristic damages and malfunctions at the same time are analyzed. Finite-element models of the structure are constructed and the stress-strain state is estimated. Recommendations for modernization by designing and strengthening those structural areas of the body that are subject to extreme exposure to operating loads, according to the design regime, which is due to the use of unloading on a car dumpers. Unloading of gondola cars in the method of overturning was introduced at industrial enterprises in the last century and is now successfully carried out with the help of stationary rotary wagon tippers. The task of the study of the stress-strain state of the body of the wagon, based on the features of the mutual operation of the mechanical system was solved by numerical integration of differential equations of distribution of full potential of potential energy on structural elements – applied variation methods of elasticity theory, theoretical and structural mechanics of machine-building constructions, and also resistance of materials whose basic laws are integrated into the most exact method for strength analysis. The maximum values of stresses in the structural zones of the side wall at the full cycle of overturning the body PV reach more than 800 MPa, which significantly exceeds the allowable for steel grades used in car building, and will inevitably lead to other deformations. This is especially observed at an angle of rotation of the system by 90 °, the maximum displacement is more than 60-70 mm. After careful research of technologies and technical means of unloading by the method of overturning the analysis concerning force influence of working bodies of car tippers on the basic elements of a bearing design of a body was carried out. The obtained results allowed to conclude that strengthening and adaptation of the body structure to the real conditions of unloading will directly reduce the number of damages and operational malfunctions, so these measures should primarily be taken in the design, development and construction of new generation gondola bodies unloading by rotary car dumpers or wagon tippers.
{"title":"DETERMINATION THE PARAMETERS OF STRESSED AND DEFORMED STATE A GONDOLA CAR AT DURING INTERACTION BY A ROTARY CAR DUMPER","authors":"Ruslan Viznyak","doi":"10.18664/1994-7852.204.2023.283882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.204.2023.283882","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the specifics of force factors namely operating loads influencing durability of bodies of gondola cars at their unloading on stationary rotary car tippers are processed, possible characteristic damages and malfunctions at the same time are analyzed. Finite-element models of the structure are constructed and the stress-strain state is estimated. Recommendations for modernization by designing and strengthening those structural areas of the body that are subject to extreme exposure to operating loads, according to the design regime, which is due to the use of unloading on a car dumpers. Unloading of gondola cars in the method of overturning was introduced at industrial enterprises in the last century and is now successfully carried out with the help of stationary rotary wagon tippers. The task of the study of the stress-strain state of the body of the wagon, based on the features of the mutual operation of the mechanical system was solved by numerical integration of differential equations of distribution of full potential of potential energy on structural elements – applied variation methods of elasticity theory, theoretical and structural mechanics of machine-building constructions, and also resistance of materials whose basic laws are integrated into the most exact method for strength analysis. The maximum values of stresses in the structural zones of the side wall at the full cycle of overturning the body PV reach more than 800 MPa, which significantly exceeds the allowable for steel grades used in car building, and will inevitably lead to other deformations. This is especially observed at an angle of rotation of the system by 90 °, the maximum displacement is more than 60-70 mm. After careful research of technologies and technical means of unloading by the method of overturning the analysis concerning force influence of working bodies of car tippers on the basic elements of a bearing design of a body was carried out. The obtained results allowed to conclude that strengthening and adaptation of the body structure to the real conditions of unloading will directly reduce the number of damages and operational malfunctions, so these measures should primarily be taken in the design, development and construction of new generation gondola bodies unloading by rotary car dumpers or wagon tippers. ","PeriodicalId":183715,"journal":{"name":"Collection of scientific works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115384373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper considers the task of increasing the durability and safe operation of the device by eliminating the resonant beat of the vibration equipment during the starting torque. During the operation of automobiles, contaminants form on the surface of individual parts and assemblies, their high-quality cleaning is achieved by chemical and mechanical action on these contaminants. The use of more active chemicals is more costly and pollutes the environment. Therefore, it is desirable to achieve an increase in the efficiency of washing and cleaning by increasing the mechanical effect on pollution. It is proposed to improve the equipment for the vibrational cleaning of contamination of parts, which allows to ensure the elimination of resonant beating of the vibrating equipment during the application of the starting torque. The disadvantage of existing technologies is that during the washing and cleaning of parts with the help of vibrating machines, a phenomenon of resonance occurs, that is, a momentary beating occurs, which destroys bearing assemblies and seals, and there is a possibility of chemical liquid spilling out. To ensure the durability and safe operation of vibration devices, it is necessary to eliminate the resonant beating of the vibration equipment during the application of the starting moment. The technical result, which can be obtained when using a device for resonance-free vibration cleaning of contamination of parts, allows to ensure the elimination of resonant beating of vibrating equipment during the starting moment. The proposed technology for non-resonant vibration cleaning of contamination of parts, which contains a frame bath, flexible flange and membrane, metal washers, rubber gaskets and a vibration unit with a rotary hydraulic imbalance, in the process of operation, allows to increase the durability and safety of the device by eliminating the resonant beating of the vibrating equipment during starting moment.
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF VIBRATING EQUIPMENT FOR CLEANING CONTAMINATION OF PARTS AND UNITS IN AUTO REPAIR INDUSTRY","authors":"Oleksandr Kirichenko, Valeriya Rakivnenko, Alina Кolisnyk","doi":"10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277907","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the task of increasing the durability and safe operation of the device by eliminating the resonant beat of the vibration equipment during the starting torque. During the operation of automobiles, contaminants form on the surface of individual parts and assemblies, their high-quality cleaning is achieved by chemical and mechanical action on these contaminants. The use of more active chemicals is more costly and pollutes the environment. Therefore, it is desirable to achieve an increase in the efficiency of washing and cleaning by increasing the mechanical effect on pollution. It is proposed to improve the equipment for the vibrational cleaning of contamination of parts, which allows to ensure the elimination of resonant beating of the vibrating equipment during the application of the starting torque. The disadvantage of existing technologies is that during the washing and cleaning of parts with the help of vibrating machines, a phenomenon of resonance occurs, that is, a momentary beating occurs, which destroys bearing assemblies and seals, and there is a possibility of chemical liquid spilling out. To ensure the durability and safe operation of vibration devices, it is necessary to eliminate the resonant beating of the vibration equipment during the application of the starting moment. The technical result, which can be obtained when using a device for resonance-free vibration cleaning of contamination of parts, allows to ensure the elimination of resonant beating of vibrating equipment during the starting moment. The proposed technology for non-resonant vibration cleaning of contamination of parts, which contains a frame bath, flexible flange and membrane, metal washers, rubber gaskets and a vibration unit with a rotary hydraulic imbalance, in the process of operation, allows to increase the durability and safety of the device by eliminating the resonant beating of the vibrating equipment during starting moment.","PeriodicalId":183715,"journal":{"name":"Collection of scientific works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130928202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277885
I. Martynov, Alyona Trufanova, V. Shovkun, Оleksii Sharyi, Sergey Мartirosyan
The article is devoted to the analysis of the level of safety on Ukrainian railways. The reliability of wagons plays an important role in ensuring safety. Uncoupling of wagons along the route due to failures of wagon structural elements causes transport incidents and can lead to an emergency. The most common reason for uncoupling a wagon from a train is axle box failures. The conducted studies show that the absolute number of uncouplings of wagons along the route has decreased compared to 1995. But the number of uncouplings caused by roller axle box failures remains at a high level with certain fluctuations. Functional dependences characterizing the change in the number of cuts over time are determined. For a more complete description of the change in the level of traffic safety on the railways, the performance indicators were considered depending on the overall performance of the railway transport. In particular, the number of working park was taken into account. It has been established that over the past decade, in relation to the working fleet, the number of wagon failures due to the fault of roller axle boxes remains practically at the same level. An analysis of the causes of failures shows that the main one is damage to cylindrical roller bearings. This is followed by end mount failures. Attention is drawn to the sharp increase in the number of failures caused by non-compliance with the technology of installation work. This indicates insufficient qualification of the service personnel. Lubricants for bearings have insufficient reliability. Also, a number of failures are caused by damage to the axle boxes. The lack of reliable methods for diagnosing axle boxes failures at an early stage in operation leads to the occurrence of fractures of the axle journals. One of the possible ways to increase the reliability of axle box units is the use of cassette bearings, which have a number of significant advantages.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF AXLE BOXES OF FREIGHT CARS","authors":"I. Martynov, Alyona Trufanova, V. Shovkun, Оleksii Sharyi, Sergey Мartirosyan","doi":"10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277885","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the level of safety on Ukrainian railways. The reliability of wagons plays an important role in ensuring safety. Uncoupling of wagons along the route due to failures of wagon structural elements causes transport incidents and can lead to an emergency. The most common reason for uncoupling a wagon from a train is axle box failures. The conducted studies show that the absolute number of uncouplings of wagons along the route has decreased compared to 1995. But the number of uncouplings caused by roller axle box failures remains at a high level with certain fluctuations. Functional dependences characterizing the change in the number of cuts over time are determined. For a more complete description of the change in the level of traffic safety on the railways, the performance indicators were considered depending on the overall performance of the railway transport. In particular, the number of working park was taken into account. It has been established that over the past decade, in relation to the working fleet, the number of wagon failures due to the fault of roller axle boxes remains practically at the same level. An analysis of the causes of failures shows that the main one is damage to cylindrical roller bearings. This is followed by end mount failures. Attention is drawn to the sharp increase in the number of failures caused by non-compliance with the technology of installation work. This indicates insufficient qualification of the service personnel. Lubricants for bearings have insufficient reliability. Also, a number of failures are caused by damage to the axle boxes. The lack of reliable methods for diagnosing axle boxes failures at an early stage in operation leads to the occurrence of fractures of the axle journals. One of the possible ways to increase the reliability of axle box units is the use of cassette bearings, which have a number of significant advantages.","PeriodicalId":183715,"journal":{"name":"Collection of scientific works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133257869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277955
S. Panchenko, V. Panchenko, O. Turenko
The operation process of the traction asynchronous electric drive of the rolling stock may be accompanied by the occurrence of emergency modes, which are characterized by current overloads and may lead to damaging power electric circuits or mechanical part of the electric drive. Therefore, studying electromagnetic processes that occur in emergency modes of operation is relevant, in particular, for developing systems aimed at diagnosing and protecting traction equipment. Ukrainian and foreign studies of emergency modes in an asynchronous electric drive were analyzed. The most frequent causes of emergency modes are failures in static converters, therefore it is advisable to conduct an analysis of electromagnetic processes specifically in autonomous inverters. Using Matlab/Simulink software environment a simulation model of the vector control system of the traction asynchronous electric drive with spatial vector pulse width modulation was developed, and the short-circuit modes of the power switch of the autonomous voltage inverter and the disappearance of the supply voltage were simulated. The oscillograms of electromagnetic processes in these modes were shown and compared with the nominal mode of operation. The simulation results show that the analyzed emergency modes, even with a short duration of less than 0.5 s, can lead to significant damage to the electric drive. Both cases lead to significant current overloads: in the case of a short circuit of the power switch, a three-fold excess of the phase current is observed, during recovery after a supply voltage failure, the phase currents increase to the starting level, as well as an almost instantaneous increase in the supply voltage on the input filter capacitor occurs. The Fourier analysis of the phase A current in the above emergency modes shows an increase in the coefficient of nonlinear distortions by 65 %, a decrease in the amplitude of the main harmonic to 60 %, and the appearance of a significant number of subharmonics. In the case of a short circuit, the amplitudes of the subharmonics even exceed the fundamental harmonic. In addition, the process of returning from the emergency mode to normal at the first moment of time was characterized by a reduced moment of resistance (20 % of the nominal), and then by an exit to the nominal parameters.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCY MODES OF TRACTION INDUCTION ELECTRIC DRIVE","authors":"S. Panchenko, V. Panchenko, O. Turenko","doi":"10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277955","url":null,"abstract":"The operation process of the traction asynchronous electric drive of the rolling stock may be accompanied by the occurrence of emergency modes, which are characterized by current overloads and may lead to damaging power electric circuits or mechanical part of the electric drive. Therefore, studying electromagnetic processes that occur in emergency modes of operation is relevant, in particular, for developing systems aimed at diagnosing and protecting traction equipment. Ukrainian and foreign studies of emergency modes in an asynchronous electric drive were analyzed. The most frequent causes of emergency modes are failures in static converters, therefore it is advisable to conduct an analysis of electromagnetic processes specifically in autonomous inverters. Using Matlab/Simulink software environment a simulation model of the vector control system of the traction asynchronous electric drive with spatial vector pulse width modulation was developed, and the short-circuit modes of the power switch of the autonomous voltage inverter and the disappearance of the supply voltage were simulated. The oscillograms of electromagnetic processes in these modes were shown and compared with the nominal mode of operation. The simulation results show that the analyzed emergency modes, even with a short duration of less than 0.5 s, can lead to significant damage to the electric drive. Both cases lead to significant current overloads: in the case of a short circuit of the power switch, a three-fold excess of the phase current is observed, during recovery after a supply voltage failure, the phase currents increase to the starting level, as well as an almost instantaneous increase in the supply voltage on the input filter capacitor occurs. The Fourier analysis of the phase A current in the above emergency modes shows an increase in the coefficient of nonlinear distortions by 65 %, a decrease in the amplitude of the main harmonic to 60 %, and the appearance of a significant number of subharmonics. In the case of a short circuit, the amplitudes of the subharmonics even exceed the fundamental harmonic. In addition, the process of returning from the emergency mode to normal at the first moment of time was characterized by a reduced moment of resistance (20 % of the nominal), and then by an exit to the nominal parameters. ","PeriodicalId":183715,"journal":{"name":"Collection of scientific works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115793429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277882
V. Nerubatskyi, E. Gevorkyan, Olena Yevhenivna Zinchenko, D. Hordiienko, O. Morozova
For the sintering of ceramic products, high-temperature electric furnaces are used, which work both in a protective environment and in air. In some technological processes, for example, for the production of ceramic carriers for afterburning car exhaust gases based on SiC and Al2O3, only air furnaces are used. Silicon carbide (SiC – silicate) heaters and molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) are used as resistive heaters in such furnaces. Due to the relatively small resource of their work, it is energetically beneficial to use the residual heat when cooling the furnace. At the same time, there is a significant saving of electricity for heating. The residual heat is largely determined by the thermal insulation of the lining and the correct distribution of the heat balance of the furnace. The speed of temperature rise affects the thermal balance of the furnace in general, and even the speed of cooling of the furnace, which creates additional energy saving opportunities, which reduces the cost of ceramic products. The article examines the technological processes of sintering ceramic products in high-temperature electric furnaces. A calculation algorithm was selected for performing comparative assessments of energy intensity and possible implementation, which can be used in the analysis of specific situations regarding different types of ceramic parts, the sintering temperature of which exceeds 1400 °C. A factography of the dependences of the power distributed over the floor area on the floor area and the specific power on the internal volume for a range of models of Mobilotherm furnaces designed for firing ceramics with the maximum operating temperature was obtained. It was found that the additional reduction in energy consumption during sintering in electric furnaces for the production of one product and the increase in production productivity are associated with the balancing of the thermal balance of the furnace, the reduction of heat losses and the use of furnace designs in which residual heat can be used. The conducted studies make it possible to assume that the developed methods of calculating the heat balance allow choosing the most optimal furnace heating modes, recommending the most heat-resistant and heat-insulating lining materials.
{"title":"FEATURE OF INCREASE IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE INDUSTRIAL FURNACES WITH RESISTIVE HEATING","authors":"V. Nerubatskyi, E. Gevorkyan, Olena Yevhenivna Zinchenko, D. Hordiienko, O. Morozova","doi":"10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277882","url":null,"abstract":"For the sintering of ceramic products, high-temperature electric furnaces are used, which work both in a protective environment and in air. In some technological processes, for example, for the production of ceramic carriers for afterburning car exhaust gases based on SiC and Al2O3, only air furnaces are used. Silicon carbide (SiC – silicate) heaters and molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) are used as resistive heaters in such furnaces. Due to the relatively small resource of their work, it is energetically beneficial to use the residual heat when cooling the furnace. At the same time, there is a significant saving of electricity for heating. The residual heat is largely determined by the thermal insulation of the lining and the correct distribution of the heat balance of the furnace. The speed of temperature rise affects the thermal balance of the furnace in general, and even the speed of cooling of the furnace, which creates additional energy saving opportunities, which reduces the cost of ceramic products. The article examines the technological processes of sintering ceramic products in high-temperature electric furnaces. A calculation algorithm was selected for performing comparative assessments of energy intensity and possible implementation, which can be used in the analysis of specific situations regarding different types of ceramic parts, the sintering temperature of which exceeds 1400 °C. A factography of the dependences of the power distributed over the floor area on the floor area and the specific power on the internal volume for a range of models of Mobilotherm furnaces designed for firing ceramics with the maximum operating temperature was obtained. It was found that the additional reduction in energy consumption during sintering in electric furnaces for the production of one product and the increase in production productivity are associated with the balancing of the thermal balance of the furnace, the reduction of heat losses and the use of furnace designs in which residual heat can be used. The conducted studies make it possible to assume that the developed methods of calculating the heat balance allow choosing the most optimal furnace heating modes, recommending the most heat-resistant and heat-insulating lining materials.","PeriodicalId":183715,"journal":{"name":"Collection of scientific works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128057803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277913
O. Melnyk, Oleksandr Shumylo, O.А. Onishchenko, I. Mykhailova, Tetiana Sevostianovna Obniavko, T.O. Korobko
The shipping industry is a significant source of global greenhouse gas emissions, so finding sustainable and low-carbon alternative fuels is crucial to reduce its environmental impact. Hydrogen is emerging as a promising fuel for shipping due to its high energy density, zero emissions, and the possibility of production from renewable sources. However, the use of hydrogen as a fuel in shipping requires significant infrastructure development and technological advances in hydrogen production, storage and transportation. In addition, the cost and availability of hydrogen fuel remain the main barriers to its widespread adoption in shipping. Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of using hydrogen as an environmentally friendly fuel for shipping make it an area of growing interest and investment. Hydrogen fuel is increasingly becoming a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuels for ships. It is a clean and renewable energy source that produces only water vapor as a byproduct, making it a desirable solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. Six percent of the world's natural gas and two percent of coal are currently used to produce hydrogen. Hydrogen can be used as a zero-emission fuel, but the production of the gas itself is not a low-carbon process if fossil fuels are used to produce it. Nevertheless, experts believe that hydrogen is a fuel solution for shipping. Even today, leading scientists and experienced ship operation and design professionals are calling for the wider use of hydrogen as a fuel, which will ultimately help the maritime industry achieve its goal of reducing emissions through the use of non-fossil fuels. This article explores the potential of hydrogen fuel for ships, including its benefits, challenges and current status.
{"title":"CONCEPT AND PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF HYDROGEN FUEL IN MARITIME TRANSPORT","authors":"O. Melnyk, Oleksandr Shumylo, O.А. Onishchenko, I. Mykhailova, Tetiana Sevostianovna Obniavko, T.O. Korobko","doi":"10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277913","url":null,"abstract":"The shipping industry is a significant source of global greenhouse gas emissions, so finding sustainable and low-carbon alternative fuels is crucial to reduce its environmental impact. Hydrogen is emerging as a promising fuel for shipping due to its high energy density, zero emissions, and the possibility of production from renewable sources. However, the use of hydrogen as a fuel in shipping requires significant infrastructure development and technological advances in hydrogen production, storage and transportation. In addition, the cost and availability of hydrogen fuel remain the main barriers to its widespread adoption in shipping. Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of using hydrogen as an environmentally friendly fuel for shipping make it an area of growing interest and investment. Hydrogen fuel is increasingly becoming a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuels for ships. It is a clean and renewable energy source that produces only water vapor as a byproduct, making it a desirable solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. Six percent of the world's natural gas and two percent of coal are currently used to produce hydrogen. Hydrogen can be used as a zero-emission fuel, but the production of the gas itself is not a low-carbon process if fossil fuels are used to produce it. Nevertheless, experts believe that hydrogen is a fuel solution for shipping. Even today, leading scientists and experienced ship operation and design professionals are calling for the wider use of hydrogen as a fuel, which will ultimately help the maritime industry achieve its goal of reducing emissions through the use of non-fossil fuels. This article explores the potential of hydrogen fuel for ships, including its benefits, challenges and current status.","PeriodicalId":183715,"journal":{"name":"Collection of scientific works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129442807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277951
I. Redko, Oleksandr Gvozdeckiy, Yuriy Chayka, V. Zaika
The article examines the main mistakes in the repair, which is not carried out centrally, but at the expense of the owner of the apartment, of the existing heating systems of the housing stock of buildings from the middle to the end of the twentieth century. The heating systems in these residential buildings are central, single-pipe (with upper or lower wiring), not adjustable, made of steel pipelines, either cast-iron radiators or steel "Accord" ("Comfort") convectors are installed as heating devices. Connection schemes of heating systems to heat networks are dependent. A decrease in the temperature of the heat carrier for the heating system of the residential part is provided with the help of an elevator unit. These systems have no regulation, neither local nor individual. These heating systems have both physical and moral wear and tear. Modern heating systems, which belong to the construction of the twenty-first century, are centralized or decentralized two-pipe heating systems, which are made of non-metallic pipelines, and bimetallic radiators or steel panel radiators are installed as heating devices. As a rule, these heating systems have both local and individual regulation. The article examines the difference between the concepts of repair and reconstruction; the consequences of changing steel pipelines to non-metallic ones; errors when choosing the type of pipes; replacement of existing heating devices with other types, with a different heat capacity; changes in the configuration of the heating system, additional installation of heating devices, creation of a heating system "Heat floor" in the apartment; reconstruction of one-pipe unregulated heating systems into one-pipe regulated ones with the installation of radiator valves and thermostatic elements. In addition, the concepts of heating, heat capacity, heat load, types of regulation of heat supply systems are considered. The main conclusion is that any work related to the reconstruction of the heating system of the apartment leads to an imbalance of the hydraulic and thermal regime of the indoor heating system of the residential building and must be carried out with the knowledge of the balance keeper of the residential building, in accordance with the technical conditions of the heat supply organization and on the basis project solutions.
{"title":"MAIN ERRORS DURING THE REPAIR OF EXISTING CENTRALIZED HEATING SYSTEMS OF THE HOUSING FUND","authors":"I. Redko, Oleksandr Gvozdeckiy, Yuriy Chayka, V. Zaika","doi":"10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277951","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the main mistakes in the repair, which is not carried out centrally, but at the expense of the owner of the apartment, of the existing heating systems of the housing stock of buildings from the middle to the end of the twentieth century. The heating systems in these residential buildings are central, single-pipe (with upper or lower wiring), not adjustable, made of steel pipelines, either cast-iron radiators or steel \"Accord\" (\"Comfort\") convectors are installed as heating devices. Connection schemes of heating systems to heat networks are dependent. A decrease in the temperature of the heat carrier for the heating system of the residential part is provided with the help of an elevator unit. These systems have no regulation, neither local nor individual. These heating systems have both physical and moral wear and tear. Modern heating systems, which belong to the construction of the twenty-first century, are centralized or decentralized two-pipe heating systems, which are made of non-metallic pipelines, and bimetallic radiators or steel panel radiators are installed as heating devices. As a rule, these heating systems have both local and individual regulation. The article examines the difference between the concepts of repair and reconstruction; the consequences of changing steel pipelines to non-metallic ones; errors when choosing the type of pipes; replacement of existing heating devices with other types, with a different heat capacity; changes in the configuration of the heating system, additional installation of heating devices, creation of a heating system \"Heat floor\" in the apartment; reconstruction of one-pipe unregulated heating systems into one-pipe regulated ones with the installation of radiator valves and thermostatic elements. In addition, the concepts of heating, heat capacity, heat load, types of regulation of heat supply systems are considered. The main conclusion is that any work related to the reconstruction of the heating system of the apartment leads to an imbalance of the hydraulic and thermal regime of the indoor heating system of the residential building and must be carried out with the knowledge of the balance keeper of the residential building, in accordance with the technical conditions of the heat supply organization and on the basis project solutions. ","PeriodicalId":183715,"journal":{"name":"Collection of scientific works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130082325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277906
Олена Миколаївна Коробкова, Людмила Анатоліївна Павловська, Наталія Григорівна Шпак
У сучасних умовах переміщення вантажів через митний кордон України особлива увага приділяється вдосконаленню організації діяльності підприємств, що сприяють такому переміщенню шляхом надання митних послуг. Митно-брокерська діяльність потребує спрощення ініціювання та управління, скорочення дозвільних і погоджувальних процедур, зменшення адміністративного тиску з боку Державної митної служби України. Це питання набуває особливої актуальності у зв’язку з вимогами міжнародних організацій щодо імплементації норм міжнародних договорів у національне законодавство, адаптації зарубіжного досвіду регулювання митно-брокерської діяльності в Україні. Митноброкерська діяльність є дуже важливою у здійсненні митних формальностей при переміщенні товарів і транспортних засобів через митний кордон України. Формування пропозицій здійснення митно-брокерської діяльності може стати передумовою підвищення якості та швидкості виконання митних формальностей на кордоні, сприятиме залученню нових вантажопотоків, ефективності посередницької сфери зовнішньоекономічної діяльності. Наукова новизна отриманих результатів полягає в обґрунтуванні основ взаємодії учасників митної та логістичної служби з використанням вдосконалення регулювання митноброкерської діяльності, які, на відміну від існуючих, відображують економічні інтереси як держави, так і підприємств, митних брокерів. У статті обґрунтовується модель регулювання митно-брокерської діяльності на основі розподілу функцій регулювання між державними органами та об’єднаннями митних брокерів, на засадах саморегулювання, шляхом передачі об’єднанням митних брокерів функцій регулювання митно-брокерської діяльності з забезпеченням відшкодування збитків шляхом формування компенсаційних фондів.
{"title":"УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ АЛГОРИТМУ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ УЧАСНИКІВ ПІД ЧАС МИТНОЛОГІСТИЧНОГО ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ ВАНТАЖІВ","authors":"Олена Миколаївна Коробкова, Людмила Анатоліївна Павловська, Наталія Григорівна Шпак","doi":"10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277906","url":null,"abstract":"У сучасних умовах переміщення вантажів через митний кордон України особлива увага приділяється вдосконаленню організації діяльності підприємств, що сприяють такому переміщенню шляхом надання митних послуг. Митно-брокерська діяльність потребує спрощення ініціювання та управління, скорочення дозвільних і погоджувальних процедур, зменшення адміністративного тиску з боку Державної митної служби України. Це питання набуває особливої актуальності у зв’язку з вимогами міжнародних організацій щодо імплементації норм міжнародних договорів у національне законодавство, адаптації зарубіжного досвіду регулювання митно-брокерської діяльності в Україні. Митноброкерська діяльність є дуже важливою у здійсненні митних формальностей при переміщенні товарів і транспортних засобів через митний кордон України. Формування пропозицій здійснення митно-брокерської діяльності може стати передумовою підвищення якості та швидкості виконання митних формальностей на кордоні, сприятиме залученню нових вантажопотоків, ефективності посередницької сфери зовнішньоекономічної діяльності. Наукова новизна отриманих результатів полягає в обґрунтуванні основ взаємодії учасників митної та логістичної служби з використанням вдосконалення регулювання митноброкерської діяльності, які, на відміну від існуючих, відображують економічні інтереси як держави, так і підприємств, митних брокерів. У статті обґрунтовується модель регулювання митно-брокерської діяльності на основі розподілу функцій регулювання між державними органами та об’єднаннями митних брокерів, на засадах саморегулювання, шляхом передачі об’єднанням митних брокерів функцій регулювання митно-брокерської діяльності з забезпеченням відшкодування збитків шляхом формування компенсаційних фондів.","PeriodicalId":183715,"journal":{"name":"Collection of scientific works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121994081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277953
Y. Kalabukhin, I. Martynov, Stanislav I. Martynov
The article deals with the issue of the mathematical description of the repair component of the life cycle of the EPL9t electric train. At present, the development and use of the concept of the life cycle of traction rolling stock of railway transport is given considerable attention by both equipment manufacturers and its users. For Ukrainian railways, this scientific direction is especially relevant due to the fact that traction rolling stock is significantly worn out both physically and morally. This necessitates the rapid renewal of railway equipment through the acquisition of samples of domestic or foreign production. The feasibility study for choosing an alternative option for updating technology in world practice is based on the concept of the life cycle. The life cycle of an electric train covers a significant period of time. It includes both repair and operational components. The repair component is associated with carrying out technological measures to maintain it in a technically sound condition and periodically renew its original technical characteristics. This is facilitated by a system of scheduled preventive repairs. The determining factors in this case are the durability and maintainability of equipment. The results of forecasting long-term investment projects for the renewal of railway equipment depend on how accurately the technical and economic assessment of this component is given. The mathematical description is based on the standards of the preventive maintenance system for the repair of traction rolling stock of Ukrainian railways and, in particular, the electric train of the EPL9t series. The analysis of the operational factors of the use of the electric train, influencing the formation of the repair component of the life cycle, was carried out. A feasibility study using the proposed mathematical approach quite accurately estimates the repair component of the life cycle. The economic assessment of the repair component of the EPL9t series electric train was made according to the conditions of a specific route served by it during the life cycle. The results obtained will be used in the future to develop a complete mathematical model of the life cycle of an electric train.
{"title":"FORMALIZATION OF ELECTRIC TRAIN REPAIR COMPONENT LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT","authors":"Y. Kalabukhin, I. Martynov, Stanislav I. Martynov","doi":"10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277953","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issue of the mathematical description of the repair component of the life cycle of the EPL9t electric train. At present, the development and use of the concept of the life cycle of traction rolling stock of railway transport is given considerable attention by both equipment manufacturers and its users. For Ukrainian railways, this scientific direction is especially relevant due to the fact that traction rolling stock is significantly worn out both physically and morally. This necessitates the rapid renewal of railway equipment through the acquisition of samples of domestic or foreign production. The feasibility study for choosing an alternative option for updating technology in world practice is based on the concept of the life cycle. The life cycle of an electric train covers a significant period of time. It includes both repair and operational components. The repair component is associated with carrying out technological measures to maintain it in a technically sound condition and periodically renew its original technical characteristics. This is facilitated by a system of scheduled preventive repairs. The determining factors in this case are the durability and maintainability of equipment. The results of forecasting long-term investment projects for the renewal of railway equipment depend on how accurately the technical and economic assessment of this component is given. The mathematical description is based on the standards of the preventive maintenance system for the repair of traction rolling stock of Ukrainian railways and, in particular, the electric train of the EPL9t series. The analysis of the operational factors of the use of the electric train, influencing the formation of the repair component of the life cycle, was carried out. A feasibility study using the proposed mathematical approach quite accurately estimates the repair component of the life cycle. The economic assessment of the repair component of the EPL9t series electric train was made according to the conditions of a specific route served by it during the life cycle. The results obtained will be used in the future to develop a complete mathematical model of the life cycle of an electric train.","PeriodicalId":183715,"journal":{"name":"Collection of scientific works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131311869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277920
Denys Lomotko, H. Prymachenko
The article examines the transport model of costs for transportation on multimodal routes for the movement of goods, depending on the time in transit, because this approach to the optimization of multimodal transportation of goods in modern conditions is called for their development in the transport market of Ukraine and the world. The analysis of the latest research and publications showed that the process of transportation under the control of a multimodal transportation operator is not considered, the use of this approach in the interaction of modes of transport is not taken into account, that the goal of synchromodal optimization is to determine a synchronized uninterrupted transportation system, and this study was developed for this purpose. In order to set the problem, a research principle scheme was formed, which includes a set of sources of material flows, a set of points of movement of material flows, a set of destination points of material flows and a set of multimodal transportation routes. According to the central limit theorem, taking into account a large number of transport units, customers of multimodal transportation services and consignees, the distribution of the sum of independent identically distributed random variables converges to the normal distribution law. The implementation of the developed model in the conditions of the organization of multimodal routes on the territory of Ukraine with the participation of railway transport showed that for the averaged initial data it is possible to obtain an optimal solution for optimizing the costs of moving transport loads and optimizing the time spent on the multimodal route. The developed model can be considered quite universal in its structure, while only the parameters of the model will change, which depends on the specifics of the performed cargo operations with individual types of cargo upon arrival or departure.
{"title":"FORMALIZATION OF MULTIMODAL TRUCK TRANSPORTATION AS A MULTI-STAGE AND MULTI-OBJECTIVE TRANSPORT PROBLEM","authors":"Denys Lomotko, H. Prymachenko","doi":"10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277920","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the transport model of costs for transportation on multimodal routes for the movement of goods, depending on the time in transit, because this approach to the optimization of multimodal transportation of goods in modern conditions is called for their development in the transport market of Ukraine and the world. The analysis of the latest research and publications showed that the process of transportation under the control of a multimodal transportation operator is not considered, the use of this approach in the interaction of modes of transport is not taken into account, that the goal of synchromodal optimization is to determine a synchronized uninterrupted transportation system, and this study was developed for this purpose. In order to set the problem, a research principle scheme was formed, which includes a set of sources of material flows, a set of points of movement of material flows, a set of destination points of material flows and a set of multimodal transportation routes. According to the central limit theorem, taking into account a large number of transport units, customers of multimodal transportation services and consignees, the distribution of the sum of independent identically distributed random variables converges to the normal distribution law. The implementation of the developed model in the conditions of the organization of multimodal routes on the territory of Ukraine with the participation of railway transport showed that for the averaged initial data it is possible to obtain an optimal solution for optimizing the costs of moving transport loads and optimizing the time spent on the multimodal route. The developed model can be considered quite universal in its structure, while only the parameters of the model will change, which depends on the specifics of the performed cargo operations with individual types of cargo upon arrival or departure.","PeriodicalId":183715,"journal":{"name":"Collection of scientific works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133844002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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