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Rank-based camera spectral sensitivity estimation under multiple illuminations 多照度下基于秩的相机光谱灵敏度估计
Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1117/12.2643637
The spectral sensitivity function of a digital camera is an important parameter and the recovery of camera spectral sensitivity function is a crucial study. In this paper, we propose a new rank-based constraint algorithm to estimate the spectral sensitivity. The constraints are imposed on the estimation of the spectral sensitivity based on the rank orders of the response values of the digital camera for imaging standard color samples under different illuminations. Color samples and illuminations are known in the estimation process. We have two kinds of ranking constraints in the algorithm, one is ranking under a single illumination, and the other is ranking under multiple illuminations. Besides, with the support of two ranking constraints, we use fewer color samples in the experiments. The study is evaluated by several numerical simulation experiments and compared with other spectral sensitivity estimation algorithms. We added various levels of noise and tried various combinations of multiple illuminations to recover the spectral sensitivity of different cameras. The experimental results suggest that the proposed algorithm performs better in estimating the camera spectral sensitivity function and computational work is reduced. At the same time, utilizing fewer color samples can reduce the complexity of the experiment without increasing the experimental error metric.
光谱灵敏度函数是数码相机的一个重要参数,而相机光谱灵敏度函数的恢复是一个重要的研究课题。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的基于秩的约束算法来估计光谱灵敏度。根据不同照度下数码相机成像标准色样响应值的阶数,对光谱灵敏度的估计施加了约束。颜色样本和照度在估计过程中是已知的。算法中有两种排序约束,一种是单光照下的排序约束,另一种是多光照下的排序约束。此外,在两个排序约束的支持下,我们在实验中使用了更少的颜色样本。通过几个数值模拟实验对研究结果进行了验证,并与其他光谱灵敏度估计算法进行了比较。我们添加了不同程度的噪声,并尝试了多种照明的不同组合,以恢复不同相机的光谱灵敏度。实验结果表明,该算法能较好地估计相机光谱灵敏度函数,减少了计算量。同时,使用较少的颜色样本可以在不增加实验误差度量的情况下降低实验的复杂性。
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引用次数: 1
Circuit QED realization of two-qubit photonic phase gate 双量子位光子相位门的电路QED实现
Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1117/12.2643793
Circuit QED based on superconducting circuit structure is similar to the model of interaction between cavity field and atoms, and is solidified on the substrate, so it is more suitable for integration, expansion and control. The circuit QED system consists of resonators and superconducting qubits, the length of the resonators much larger than width, so it can be regarded as a one-dimensional linear planar structure in theory. We propose a theoretical model to realizing two-qubit photonic phase gate, we use two superconducting resonators to couple a magnetic flux qutrit via two capacitors in circuit QED system, and choose an appropriate interaction time, it turns out that a two-qubit photonic phase gate can be realized by one step.
基于超导电路结构的电路QED类似于腔场与原子相互作用的模型,并且固化在衬底上,因此更适合于集成、扩展和控制。电路QED系统由谐振腔和超导量子比特组成,谐振腔的长度远大于宽度,理论上可以看作是一维线性平面结构。提出了实现双量子位光子相位门的理论模型,在电路QED系统中利用两个超导谐振器通过两个电容耦合一个磁通量子位,并选择合适的相互作用时间,一步实现了双量子位光子相位门。
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引用次数: 0
Robot gluing localization method based on monocular vision 基于单目视觉的机器人粘接定位方法
Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1117/12.2643961
A localization method based on monocular vision is proposed to solve the problem of poor flexibility, high cost and unstable accuracy of glue dispensing robot. The method includes the workpiece image feature extraction method based on distribution model and the optimized PNP algorithm based on depth calibration, which can locate the threedimensional coordinates of the workpiece and further generate the gluing track. Firstly, the layout and local coordinates of feature points are determined according to the workpiece model and gluing process, and the feature distribution model and template set are established. Then the image coordinates of feature points are extracted step by step by using workpiece contour features and image gray features, combining multi template and multi angle matching with shape detection, and using acceleration strategies such as image pyramid and angle layer by layer subdivision. Finally, the PNP algorithm is optimized in the Z direction through the depth calibration method to realize the high-precision positioning of the workpiece. The localization experiments of various types of reducer shells under different imaging environments were carried out. The experimental results show that the method has better feature extraction effect for workpieces with complex structure in chaotic environment, and the maximum localization error in one direction is within ± 0.5 mm, which meets the application needs of robot glue positioning. The method can detect the offset of 6 degrees of freedom of the target workpiece at the same time, which has a wider application than the general 2D visual localization method. It can also be used for the localization of parts in other scenes.
针对点胶机器人柔性差、成本高、精度不稳定等问题,提出了一种基于单目视觉的定位方法。该方法包括基于分布模型的工件图像特征提取方法和基于深度标定的优化PNP算法,可以定位工件的三维坐标并进一步生成粘接轨迹。首先,根据工件模型和粘接工艺确定特征点的布局和局部坐标,建立特征分布模型和模板集;然后利用工件轮廓特征和图像灰度特征,将多模板、多角度匹配与形状检测相结合,采用图像金字塔、角度逐层细分等加速策略,逐步提取特征点的图像坐标。最后,通过深度标定方法对PNP算法进行Z方向优化,实现工件的高精度定位。在不同成像环境下对不同型号减速器壳体进行了定位实验。实验结果表明,该方法对混沌环境下结构复杂的工件具有较好的特征提取效果,单个方向的最大定位误差在±0.5 mm以内,满足机器人胶水定位的应用需求。该方法可同时检测目标工件6个自由度的偏移量,比一般的二维视觉定位方法具有更广泛的应用。它也可以用于其他场景中零件的定位。
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引用次数: 0
Wavelength tunable optically pumped semiconductor disk laser based on SESAM mode locking 基于SESAM模式锁定的波长可调谐光泵浦半导体磁盘激光器
Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1117/12.2643555
We demonstrated a wavelength tunable mode-locked optically pumped semiconductor disk laser (OP-SDL) based on a SESAM. The wavelength tuning is achieved by incorporating an uncoated, 100 μm thick, fused silica etalon into the cavity of the laser, and the central wavelength of the pulse train varied from 972 nm to 977 nm. The average power of the mode-locked states measured at different wavelengths was about 80mW, meanwhile, the repetition rate was 1.2 GHz in the tuning process, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the radio frequency spectrum signal exceeds 50 dB, which illustrates that the laser can maintain a stable mode-locked state even the central wavelength varies greatly. In addition, we calculated the influence of etalon's related parameters on its transmittance. This research contributes to the development of wavelength-tunable mode-locked OP-SDLs and to gain practical applications in related fields.
我们展示了一种基于SESAM的波长可调锁模光泵浦半导体光盘激光器(OP-SDL)。波长调谐是通过将一个100 μm厚的无涂层石英标准龙放入激光器腔内来实现的,脉冲串的中心波长在972 nm到977 nm之间变化。不同波长下测得的锁模态平均功率约为80mW,调谐过程中重复频率为1.2 GHz,射频频谱信号的信噪比超过50 dB,说明即使中心波长变化较大,激光器也能保持稳定的锁模状态。此外,我们还计算了标准子的相关参数对其透过率的影响。该研究有助于波长可调谐锁模OP-SDLs的发展,并在相关领域获得实际应用。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation of entanglement coherent states based on bimodal QED 基于双峰QED的纠缠相干态制备
Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1117/12.2644250
We have theoretically investigated the physical realization of entangled coherent states using cavity quantum electrodynamics. Specifically, a protocol of the cyclic three-level atoms interacting with bimodal cavity QED is proposed. The results show that the entanglement degree of the entangled state can be maintained at a high level under certain conditions.
利用腔量子电动力学理论研究了纠缠相干态的物理实现。具体来说,提出了一种循环三能级原子与双峰腔QED相互作用的协议。结果表明,在一定条件下,纠缠态的纠缠度可以保持在较高的水平。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation and optical properties of diamond thin films based on fused silica substrates 基于熔融石英衬底的金刚石薄膜的制备及其光学性能
Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1117/12.2645857
Diamond and diamond film have excellent performance in optics, electricity, mechanics, chemical stability, etc. Compared with bulk materials, diamond film has low cost and short preparation period, and has good laser damage characteristics, which can replace traditional films to achieve high performance. The laserinduced damage threshold, optical properties and morphology of diamond films are closely related to the growth conditions. In this paper, high-quality diamond films suitable for laser applications were grown on the surface of fused silica by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition, and the effects of gas flow ratio and temperature on the optical properties of diamond films were studied. The effect of particle morphology on electric field and temperature field. Studies have shown that the growth quality of nanocrystalline diamond films is closely related to the flow ratio of methane/hydrogen and the growth temperature. When the flow ratio of methane/hydrogen is 3%, and the growth temperature is around 800℃, the surface roughness of the film is the lowest. The diamond film shows a morphology of (111) facets, the grain size is in the 20~200nm range, and the transmittance can reach up to 70%. The simulation of the laser electric field and temperature rise with different surface grain shapes shows that the grains of (111) facet can cause the electric field to increase by 2~4 times, and the temperature rise reaches 40~60℃.
金刚石及其薄膜在光学、电学、力学、化学稳定性等方面具有优异的性能。与块体材料相比,金刚石薄膜成本低、制备周期短,且具有良好的激光损伤特性,可替代传统薄膜实现高性能。金刚石薄膜的激光损伤阈值、光学性能和形貌与生长条件密切相关。采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积的方法在熔融二氧化硅表面生长出适合激光应用的高质量金刚石薄膜,研究了气体流量比和温度对金刚石薄膜光学性能的影响。颗粒形貌对电场和温度场的影响。研究表明,纳米晶金刚石薄膜的生长质量与甲烷/氢的流动比和生长温度密切相关。当甲烷/氢气的流量比为3%,生长温度在800℃左右时,膜的表面粗糙度最低。金刚石膜呈(111)面形貌,晶粒尺寸在20~200nm范围内,透光率可达70%。对不同表面晶粒形状的激光电场和温升的模拟表明,(111)面晶粒可使电场增大2~4倍,温升达到40~60℃。
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引用次数: 0
Passive synchronization of mode-locked Yb-doped fiber lasers 锁模掺镱光纤激光器的无源同步
Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1117/12.2643609
The synchronization of ultrashort pulses is an important research content in laser technology and has important applications in the fields of pump probe, optical frequency metrology, optical coherent synthesis, and nonlinear optics, etc. In this paper, the mode locking of two Yb-doped fiber lasers is realized by nonlinear polarization rotation, and then two circulators are used to make both two laser beams propagate in a piece of fiber. By matching the cavity length of one laser to the other, and with the cross phase modulation of two laser beams in the shared single-mode fiber, two lasers are passively synchronized. Two lasers deliver picosecond pulses near 1.04 μm and 1.05 μm, respectively, and the repetition rate is locked around 38.1100 MHz.
超短脉冲同步是激光技术的重要研究内容,在泵浦探测、光频率计量、光相干合成、非线性光学等领域有着重要的应用。本文通过非线性偏振旋转实现了两个掺镱光纤激光器的锁模,然后用两个环形器使两束激光在一段光纤中传播。通过将两束激光的腔长匹配,并在共享单模光纤中对两束激光进行交叉相位调制,实现了两束激光的被动同步。两个激光器分别在1.04 μm和1.05 μm附近输出皮秒脉冲,重复频率锁定在38.1100 MHz左右。
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引用次数: 0
Optimized structure of single photon avalanche diode with low dark count rate 低暗计数率单光子雪崩二极管的优化结构
Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1117/12.2643650
In this paper, an optimized structure of single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with p-i-n construction is presented, and the device is compatible with standard CMOS technology. TCAD software and accurate calculation method based on physics mechanism are employed for the device structure design and DCR calculation, respectively. The characteristic parameters of the device, such as electric field and electron and hole triggering probability, are available through TCAD Atlas device simulation. The central region of P-sub doping is designed as a part of avalanche region, which achieves a lower electric field, and makes the band-to-band tunneling suppressed simultaneously. The breakdown voltage of the SPAD is 38.5 V. At excess bias voltage of 5 V, DCR is 0.88 Hz/μm2 at room temperature. The maximum electric field of the optimized structure is 3.8×105 V/cm. As for PDE, at room temperature with 5.0 V excess bias, the PDE is greater than 30% in the 400 nm-675 nm range, with a peak PDE of 40% at 550 nm. At 850 nm, there is still a photon detection efficiency of more than 10%, making the SPAD still have a certain detection capability. The superior performance of this structure makes it suitable for wide applications.
本文提出了一种p-i-n结构的单光子雪崩二极管(SPAD)的优化结构,该器件与标准CMOS技术兼容。器件结构设计采用TCAD软件,DCR计算采用基于物理机理的精确计算方法。通过TCAD Atlas器件仿真得到器件的电场、电子和空穴触发概率等特征参数。将P-sub掺杂的中心区域设计为雪崩区的一部分,实现了较低的电场,同时抑制了带间隧道效应。SPAD的击穿电压为38.5 V。在超偏置电压为5 V时,室温DCR为0.88 Hz/μm2。优化后结构的最大电场为3.8×105 V/cm。PDE方面,在室温下5.0 V偏置下,400 nm-675 nm范围内PDE大于30%,在550 nm处峰值PDE为40%。在850 nm处,仍有10%以上的光子探测效率,使得SPAD仍具有一定的探测能力。该结构的优越性能使其具有广泛的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Conventional soliton dynamics of mode-locked erbium-doped fiber lasers 锁模掺铒光纤激光器的常规孤子动力学
Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1117/12.2643582
Taking advantage of the technology of dispersive Fourier transform (DFT), we experimentally observed the evolutionary dynamics of convention solitons(CSs) in a simplified Erbium-doped fiber laser. The periodic beating behavior that occurs during the build-up and disappearance of conventional solitons was discovered in a nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) fiber lasers. We suggest the reasonable assumption that the periodic beating during the dynamic evolution may be a close connection with the modulation depth of the intracavity saturable absorber The results of this study can deepen researchers' understanding of the evolution of CSs and provide additional judgment dimensions for optimizing the laser parameters.
利用色散傅立叶变换(DFT)技术,实验观察了简化掺铒光纤激光器中约定孤子(CSs)的演化动力学。在非线性偏振旋转(NPR)光纤激光器中发现了常规孤子在形成和消失过程中发生的周期性跳动行为。我们提出了一个合理的假设,即动态演化过程中的周期性跳动可能与腔内可饱和吸收器的调制深度密切相关。本研究结果可以加深研究人员对CSs演化的理解,并为优化激光参数提供额外的判断尺度。
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引用次数: 0
Near-infrared spectroscopy for rapid identification of pharmaceutical excipients 近红外光谱快速鉴别药用辅料
Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1117/12.2643483
This study is based on near-infrared spectroscopic detection technology to achieve 100% classification of in-class and out-of-class pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients by support vector machine model.4 types of 8 different pharmaceutical excipients (starches: corn starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch, pregelatinized starch, maltodextrin, lactose: lactose monohydrate, Cellulose: microcrystalline cellulose, phosphate: magnesium stearate) are collected by near-infrared spectrometer, 150 sets of spectral data each. A total of 1200 spectra are used, 840 spectra of which are randomly divided as the training set and 360 as the validation set. Compare the effects of models built by Bayesian algorithm, support vector machine algorithm, and K-nearest neighbor algorithm paired with first-order difference, second-order difference, MSC, and SNV preprocessing, respectively. The results show that both Bayesian and K-nearest neighbor algorithms achieve 100% out-of-class resolution when paired with first-order difference, MSC, and SG smoothing preprocessing methods, In contrast, the support vector machine achieves 100% classification accuracy without any preprocessing, and the accuracy is not reduced after dimensionality reduction by the competitive adaptive reweighting algorithm. Finally, this experiment achieves 100% accuracy of in-class and out-of-class classification of 8 APIs in 4 classes by NIR spectroscopy combined with support vector machine algorithm model, and the CARS algorithm is used for data dimensionality reduction to simplify the model.
本研究基于近红外光谱检测技术,通过支持向量机模型实现对药品中、外类成分和辅料的100%分类。采用近红外光谱仪采集4类8种不同药用辅料(淀粉:玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、红薯淀粉、预糊化淀粉、麦芽糖糊精、乳糖:一水乳糖、纤维素:微晶纤维素、磷酸盐:硬脂酸镁),各150组光谱数据。总共使用了1200个光谱,其中840个光谱被随机划分为训练集,360个作为验证集。比较贝叶斯算法、支持向量机算法和k近邻算法分别与一阶差分、二阶差分、MSC和SNV预处理配对建立模型的效果。结果表明,贝叶斯算法和k近邻算法在与一阶差分、MSC和SG平滑预处理方法配对时均能达到100%的类外分辨率,而支持向量机在不进行任何预处理的情况下达到100%的分类精度,且采用竞争性自适应重加权算法降维后精度不降低。最后,本实验利用近红外光谱结合支持向量机算法模型对4类8个api的类内类外分类达到100%的准确率,并利用CARS算法对数据进行降维,简化模型。
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引用次数: 0
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Optical Frontiers
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