To meet the specific needs or improve the system’s energy efficiency, it is necessary to integrate the beam into a specific intensity distribution beam. This paper establishes a set of rules based on the mixed-region amplitude freedom (MRAF) algorithm, and a beam shaping algorithm is proposed to calculate the intensity distribution by setting the energy efficiency. Simulation results show that compared with the traditional Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm, the convergence effect improved by one to two orders of magnitude after abandoning controlling a small part of the energy; compared with the MRAF algorithm, the energy efficiency converged to the preset target value, in addition, the energy efficiency is higher under the same convergence intensity. This algorithm provides a new path for shaping in femtosecond laser processing technology.
{"title":"Improvement of MRAF algorithm based on high energy efficiency for beam shaping","authors":"Hui Yu, Jia-Mi Li, Dawei Li, Qiong Zhou, Fengnian Lv, Xingqiang Lu","doi":"10.1117/12.2643562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2643562","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the specific needs or improve the system’s energy efficiency, it is necessary to integrate the beam into a specific intensity distribution beam. This paper establishes a set of rules based on the mixed-region amplitude freedom (MRAF) algorithm, and a beam shaping algorithm is proposed to calculate the intensity distribution by setting the energy efficiency. Simulation results show that compared with the traditional Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm, the convergence effect improved by one to two orders of magnitude after abandoning controlling a small part of the energy; compared with the MRAF algorithm, the energy efficiency converged to the preset target value, in addition, the energy efficiency is higher under the same convergence intensity. This algorithm provides a new path for shaping in femtosecond laser processing technology.","PeriodicalId":184319,"journal":{"name":"Optical Frontiers","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124023302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Runqiu Luo, Xuhao Luo, Yihua Zhao, Q. Song, Xin Yang, G. Ma
Metasurface is a kind of functional device based on assemblies of subwavelength structures, which can perform multiple operations on light modulation, such as phase, amplitude and polarization modulation. However, due to the difficulty of design and high processing cost of three-dimensional nano-structure, it is far from practical applications. In this paper, we propose a method to replicate the metasurface structure at room temperature using Nanoimprint Lithography (NIL), the process including: use electron beam lithography to fabricate metasurface structure as the master for NIL; transfer the inverse structure of metasurface onto the PET substrate as the working NIL stamp; imprint the metasurface structure into proper UV resist as the metasurface holographic substrate. The imprinted metasurface structure was characterized by SEM, and the image information recorded inside the metasurface structure was reproduced by laser illumination, which proved the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Research on metasurface holographic imaging based on nanoimprint lithography","authors":"Runqiu Luo, Xuhao Luo, Yihua Zhao, Q. Song, Xin Yang, G. Ma","doi":"10.1117/12.2643738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2643738","url":null,"abstract":"Metasurface is a kind of functional device based on assemblies of subwavelength structures, which can perform multiple operations on light modulation, such as phase, amplitude and polarization modulation. However, due to the difficulty of design and high processing cost of three-dimensional nano-structure, it is far from practical applications. In this paper, we propose a method to replicate the metasurface structure at room temperature using Nanoimprint Lithography (NIL), the process including: use electron beam lithography to fabricate metasurface structure as the master for NIL; transfer the inverse structure of metasurface onto the PET substrate as the working NIL stamp; imprint the metasurface structure into proper UV resist as the metasurface holographic substrate. The imprinted metasurface structure was characterized by SEM, and the image information recorded inside the metasurface structure was reproduced by laser illumination, which proved the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":184319,"journal":{"name":"Optical Frontiers","volume":"288 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131612751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhipeng Zhang, Haoran Chen, Hao Wu, Siyi Ma, Xianlin Song
Phase modulation can obtain the desired pattern by reshaping the light field in the focusing area of the objective lens, which has important application value in optical microscopic imaging, laser processing, optical tweezers and other fields.The traditional method is the GS algorithm (Gerchberg–Saxtonalgorithm). In the imaging system, GS algorithm can quickly calculate the phase distribution on the focal plane of the lens through the known intensity distribution of the Fourier domain. The GS algorithm is based on the paraxial approximation, and the phase distribution of the focal plane after the objective and the intensity distribution of the focal plane before the objective can be calculated by the Fourier Transformation (FT). However, in the case of objectives with high numerical aperture, FT cannot accurately describe the relationship between the phase distribution and the known light intensity distribution due to the strong depolarization effect, and can no longer accurately obtain the desired lattice pattern. To this end, based on Debye diffraction theory, this paper implements the generation of lattice patterns under a strongly focused light field. In order to calculate the phase distribution on the rear aperture of the objective lens and the light intensity distribution and phase information generated by the front focal plane of the objective lens, we replace the Fourier transform in the GS algorithm with the Debye diffraction integral. We used a digital pattern to verify the effectiveness of the method. The results show that the resulting lattice pattern is similar to the truth value, and the intensity of each point in the lattice is uniform. This method can realize the generation of arbitrary lattice patterns under the strongly focused light field, and further expand the use of light field modulation in biomedical optical imaging, laser processing, optical tweezers and other fields.
{"title":"Generation of digital lattice pattern under strongly focused light fields using Debye diffraction","authors":"Zhipeng Zhang, Haoran Chen, Hao Wu, Siyi Ma, Xianlin Song","doi":"10.1117/12.2643805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2643805","url":null,"abstract":"Phase modulation can obtain the desired pattern by reshaping the light field in the focusing area of the objective lens, which has important application value in optical microscopic imaging, laser processing, optical tweezers and other fields.The traditional method is the GS algorithm (Gerchberg–Saxtonalgorithm). In the imaging system, GS algorithm can quickly calculate the phase distribution on the focal plane of the lens through the known intensity distribution of the Fourier domain. The GS algorithm is based on the paraxial approximation, and the phase distribution of the focal plane after the objective and the intensity distribution of the focal plane before the objective can be calculated by the Fourier Transformation (FT). However, in the case of objectives with high numerical aperture, FT cannot accurately describe the relationship between the phase distribution and the known light intensity distribution due to the strong depolarization effect, and can no longer accurately obtain the desired lattice pattern. To this end, based on Debye diffraction theory, this paper implements the generation of lattice patterns under a strongly focused light field. In order to calculate the phase distribution on the rear aperture of the objective lens and the light intensity distribution and phase information generated by the front focal plane of the objective lens, we replace the Fourier transform in the GS algorithm with the Debye diffraction integral. We used a digital pattern to verify the effectiveness of the method. The results show that the resulting lattice pattern is similar to the truth value, and the intensity of each point in the lattice is uniform. This method can realize the generation of arbitrary lattice patterns under the strongly focused light field, and further expand the use of light field modulation in biomedical optical imaging, laser processing, optical tweezers and other fields.","PeriodicalId":184319,"journal":{"name":"Optical Frontiers","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115875402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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