Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.48036/apims.v20i3.973
Aamna Khokhar, Momina Khokhar, Zunera Hakim, Sarah Saleem
Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective role of micronutrients, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol, against methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatic damage in mice. Methodology: A laboratory-based experimental study was carried out at Foundation University Medical College in collaboration with the National Institute of Health, Islamabad, from October to December 2021. Twenty-four male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=6). Group I received intraperitoneal normal saline. Group II received a single intraperitoneal injection of MTX at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Groups III and IV were given oral ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg) and oral alpha-tocopherol (100 mg/kg) respectively, both for 7 days, with MTX administered on day 4. Blood and liver samples were collected 24 hours after the last dose for evaluation of hepatic serum biomarkers and histological analysis, respectively. Results: Ascorbic acid demonstrated a protective effect against MTX-induced hepatic damage. However, alpha-tocopherol did not show hepatoprotection on liver histopathology. Conclusion: Ascorbic acid exhibits protective potential when administered concomitantly with MTX. However, alpha-tocopherol does not provide complete hepatoprotection against MTX-induced liver injury.
{"title":"Hepatoprotective Potential of Micronutrients Against Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Experimental Mice Model","authors":"Aamna Khokhar, Momina Khokhar, Zunera Hakim, Sarah Saleem","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i3.973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i3.973","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective role of micronutrients, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol, against methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatic damage in mice.\u0000Methodology: A laboratory-based experimental study was carried out at Foundation University Medical College in collaboration with the National Institute of Health, Islamabad, from October to December 2021. Twenty-four male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=6). Group I received intraperitoneal normal saline. Group II received a single intraperitoneal injection of MTX at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Groups III and IV were given oral ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg) and oral alpha-tocopherol (100 mg/kg) respectively, both for 7 days, with MTX administered on day 4. Blood and liver samples were collected 24 hours after the last dose for evaluation of hepatic serum biomarkers and histological analysis, respectively.\u0000Results: Ascorbic acid demonstrated a protective effect against MTX-induced hepatic damage. However, alpha-tocopherol did not show hepatoprotection on liver histopathology.\u0000Conclusion: Ascorbic acid exhibits protective potential when administered concomitantly with MTX. However, alpha-tocopherol does not provide complete hepatoprotection against MTX-induced liver injury.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"55 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.48036/apims.v20i3.1072
Saira Jawed, Muhammad Sarwar Zia, Toqeer Ahmed Iqbal, Saadia Muzafar, Shazia Imran
Objective: To assess how impact 3D-VR is in improving the retention of human anatomy knowledge among undergraduate students compared to traditional methods. Methodology: This convergence mixed method study was carried out in anatomy department of HBS Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, from February to December 2023. The study was evaluated learning outcomes, specifically knowledge retention score in short-term and long-term, in undergraduate students by 3D-VR vs traditional models. Additionally, it sought to capture experience of students and perspectives by 3D-VR teaching and learning method. Results: The post-test score (indicative of short-term knowledge retention) by 3D-VR in both groups of male and female was significant high than traditional method (p ? 0.001). 3D-VR also achieved significant high follow-up score (indicative of long-term knowledge retention) in both groups compared to traditional method. While the knowledge score in all tests of 3D-VR and traditional method for females was high than males. Post-test score (indicative of short-term knowledge retention) and follow-up score (indicative of long-term knowledge retention) in 3D-VR method of females was significant high than males (p ? 0.001). Conclusion: 3D-VR is effective method for knowledge retention in short-term and long-term in undergraduate students. Undergraduate students demonstrated 3D-VR as a learning method that offers substantial advantages for studying human anatomy versus traditional method.
{"title":"Impact of 3D virtual reality on teaching and learning human anatomy among undergraduate students","authors":"Saira Jawed, Muhammad Sarwar Zia, Toqeer Ahmed Iqbal, Saadia Muzafar, Shazia Imran","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i3.1072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i3.1072","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess how impact 3D-VR is in improving the retention of human anatomy knowledge among undergraduate students compared to traditional methods.\u0000Methodology: This convergence mixed method study was carried out in anatomy department of HBS Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, from February to December 2023. The study was evaluated learning outcomes, specifically knowledge retention score in short-term and long-term, in undergraduate students by 3D-VR vs traditional models. Additionally, it sought to capture experience of students and perspectives by 3D-VR teaching and learning method.\u0000Results: The post-test score (indicative of short-term knowledge retention) by 3D-VR in both groups of male and female was significant high than traditional method (p ? 0.001). 3D-VR also achieved significant high follow-up score (indicative of long-term knowledge retention) in both groups compared to traditional method. While the knowledge score in all tests of 3D-VR and traditional method for females was high than males. Post-test score (indicative of short-term knowledge retention) and follow-up score (indicative of long-term knowledge retention) in 3D-VR method of females was significant high than males (p ? 0.001).\u0000Conclusion: 3D-VR is effective method for knowledge retention in short-term and long-term in undergraduate students. Undergraduate students demonstrated 3D-VR as a learning method that offers substantial advantages for studying human anatomy versus traditional method.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"45 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.48036/apims.v20i2.1027
A. Pak, Inst Med Sci, S. Wasim, Bilal Altaf, H. Hanif, M. Khaliq, R. Raja, Khadeeja Zia
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of combined high-resolution computed tomography and MR Cisternography in evaluation of CSF rhinorrhea patients, taking surgical findings as gold standard. Methodology: The Observational Cross-sectional study was conducted at Benazir Bhutto and Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi for a total period of 12 months from 1 June 2022 to 1 May 2023. All patients having CSF rhinorrhea (discharge of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the nose) of >1-month duration was enrolled and underwent HRCT/MR cisternography subsequently followed by surgery and results of both modalities were compared. Results: Out of a total of 156 patients enrolled, 136 (87.1%) were males and 20 (12.8%) females. The results of this study yielded a sensitivity of 93.3%, specificity of 61.9%, positive predictive value of 94% and a negative predictive value of 59%. The overall accuracy of combined HRCT/MR Cisternography for the diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea was found to be 89.1% in comparison to surgery. Conclusion: The use of Combined HRCT/MR cisternography for the diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea is a feasible, safer and highly accurate modality for correctly identifying such cases and circumvents the limitations imposed by the use of any single modality in these patients.
{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Combined High-Resolution Computed Tomography and MR Cisternography in Evaluation of CSF Rhinorrhea Patients, Taking Surgical Findings As Gold Standard","authors":"A. Pak, Inst Med Sci, S. Wasim, Bilal Altaf, H. Hanif, M. Khaliq, R. Raja, Khadeeja Zia","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i2.1027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i2.1027","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of combined high-resolution computed tomography and MR Cisternography in evaluation of CSF rhinorrhea patients, taking surgical findings as gold standard. \u0000Methodology: The Observational Cross-sectional study was conducted at Benazir Bhutto and Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi for a total period of 12 months from 1 June 2022 to 1 May 2023. All patients having CSF rhinorrhea (discharge of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the nose) of >1-month duration was enrolled and underwent HRCT/MR cisternography subsequently followed by surgery and results of both modalities were compared. \u0000Results: Out of a total of 156 patients enrolled, 136 (87.1%) were males and 20 (12.8%) females. The results of this study yielded a sensitivity of 93.3%, specificity of 61.9%, positive predictive value of 94% and a negative predictive value of 59%. The overall accuracy of combined HRCT/MR Cisternography for the diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea was found to be 89.1% in comparison to surgery. \u0000Conclusion: The use of Combined HRCT/MR cisternography for the diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea is a feasible, safer and highly accurate modality for correctly identifying such cases and circumvents the limitations imposed by the use of any single modality in these patients.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"27 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.48036/apims.v20i2.842
A. Pak, Inst Med Sci, Halima Babar, H. Malik, Muhammad Umar, Zahra Tasleem, Nazish Tahir, Senior Registrar, Consultant, Registrar
Objective: To assess the predictive utility of the Sokal scoring system for determining disease prognosis in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from September 2021 to September 2022. The study included all newly diagnosed Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Patients with CML in the accelerated and blast phases, as well as those with atypical CML, were excluded. Gender was considered as a qualitative variable of interest, while platelet count, spleen size, age, and percentage of myeloblasts in the peripheral blood were the quantitative variables of interest. These variables were documented using preformed data sheets, and the prognostic class of each patient was recorded. Follow-up assessments were conducted after 3 months for patients who received the same tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy to avoid bias. Results: A total of 62 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 46±5 years. According to the Sokal scoring system, 20 (32%) of 62 patients were classified as low-risk, 34 (54.8%) as intermediate-risk, and 8 (12.9%) as high-risk. Conclusion: The routine implication of traditional prognostic scoring systems, such as the Sokal score, is beneficial for stratifying CML patients into different risk groups due to its cost-effectiveness. Regression in Sokal score grades was observed after 3 months of TKI therapy.
{"title":"Prognostic and predictive implications of Sokal scoring system in newly diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia patients","authors":"A. Pak, Inst Med Sci, Halima Babar, H. Malik, Muhammad Umar, Zahra Tasleem, Nazish Tahir, Senior Registrar, Consultant, Registrar","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i2.842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i2.842","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the predictive utility of the Sokal scoring system for determining disease prognosis in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).\u0000Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from September 2021 to September 2022. The study included all newly diagnosed Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Patients with CML in the accelerated and blast phases, as well as those with atypical CML, were excluded. Gender was considered as a qualitative variable of interest, while platelet count, spleen size, age, and percentage of myeloblasts in the peripheral blood were the quantitative variables of interest. These variables were documented using preformed data sheets, and the prognostic class of each patient was recorded. Follow-up assessments were conducted after 3 months for patients who received the same tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy to avoid bias.\u0000Results: A total of 62 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 46±5 years. According to the Sokal scoring system, 20 (32%) of 62 patients were classified as low-risk, 34 (54.8%) as intermediate-risk, and 8 (12.9%) as high-risk.\u0000Conclusion: The routine implication of traditional prognostic scoring systems, such as the Sokal score, is beneficial for stratifying CML patients into different risk groups due to its cost-effectiveness. Regression in Sokal score grades was observed after 3 months of TKI therapy.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"21 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141005793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.48036/apims.v20i2.1061
S H Waqar, Sana Sharafat Ali, Kanza Farrukh, Fahad Akhtar, Manzer Mehmood, Fahim Sakhizada, Mohiba Khaliq, Fatima Shahzad
Phyllodes tumours of the breast are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms, that can recur as metaplastic breast carcinoma. Metaplastic breast carcinoma is an uncommon invasive carcinoma that constitutes 0.2% to 1% of all breast cancers. We report a rare case of a 45-year-old female with a recurrent phyllodes tumor with transformation into metaplastic carcinoma, who presented with ahuge recurrent mass in the right breast that was treated with mastectomy. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed it to be metaplastic carcinoma. Postoperatively she had adjuvant therapy and was followed regularly for up to 6 months after surgery.
{"title":"Recurrence of Phyllodes Tumour Breast with Transformation into Metaplastic Carcinoma","authors":"S H Waqar, Sana Sharafat Ali, Kanza Farrukh, Fahad Akhtar, Manzer Mehmood, Fahim Sakhizada, Mohiba Khaliq, Fatima Shahzad","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i2.1061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i2.1061","url":null,"abstract":"Phyllodes tumours of the breast are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms, that can recur as metaplastic breast carcinoma. Metaplastic breast carcinoma is an uncommon invasive carcinoma that constitutes 0.2% to 1% of all breast cancers. We report a rare case of a 45-year-old female with a recurrent phyllodes tumor with transformation into metaplastic carcinoma, who presented with ahuge recurrent mass in the right breast that was treated with mastectomy. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed it to be metaplastic carcinoma. Postoperatively she had adjuvant therapy and was followed regularly for up to 6 months after surgery.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"10 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.48036/apims.v20i2.1042
A. Pak, Inst Med Sci, Jawed Iqbal, Salma Farrukh Memon, Aamir Hussain, Yar Muhammad Nizamani, Hanozia Shah, Sadia Kazi
Objective: To determine Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score and its association with LFT values in patients of psoriasis. Methodology: This cross-sectional study, was done on patients visiting the skin OPD of LUMHS Jamshoro/Hyderabad. Diagnosed patients of Psoriasis, aged between 18 and 50 years and both genders were included. A 5cc blood sample was collected from each individual to evaluate the LFT. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores was defined based on the percentage of body surface area affected by psoriasis lesion. All the information was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: The mean age of the patients was 44.81±11.10 years. Out of the total 102 patients, 74.5% were male patients and 25.5% were female. The mean duration of psoriasis was 6.46 ± 4.49 years. Out of all 32.4% had mild psoriasis (PASI < 7), 40.2% had moderate psoriasis (PASI 8-12), and 27.5% had severe psoriasis (PASI > 12). Regarding LFT values, 73.5% had elevated alanine transaminase (ALT), 32.4% had elevated aspartate transaminase (AST), 70.6% had elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 68.6% had elevated bilirubin, and 67.6% had elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). AST and GGT levels rise significantly linked to PASI (p- <0.05). Conversely, for ALP and Bilirubin levels, there is no significant difference across severity of PASI (p- >0.05). Conclusion: Patients with severe psoriasis exhibit a predisposition to hepatic dysfunction. Study observed abnormalities in liver function tests (LFT) among psoriatic patients, suggesting a potential link to liver disease development.
{"title":"Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and its Correlation with Liver Function Test","authors":"A. Pak, Inst Med Sci, Jawed Iqbal, Salma Farrukh Memon, Aamir Hussain, Yar Muhammad Nizamani, Hanozia Shah, Sadia Kazi","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i2.1042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i2.1042","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score and its association with LFT values in patients of psoriasis. \u0000Methodology: This cross-sectional study, was done on patients visiting the skin OPD of LUMHS Jamshoro/Hyderabad. Diagnosed patients of Psoriasis, aged between 18 and 50 years and both genders were included. A 5cc blood sample was collected from each individual to evaluate the LFT. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores was defined based on the percentage of body surface area affected by psoriasis lesion. All the information was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26. \u0000Results: The mean age of the patients was 44.81±11.10 years. Out of the total 102 patients, 74.5% were male patients and 25.5% were female. The mean duration of psoriasis was 6.46 ± 4.49 years. Out of all 32.4% had mild psoriasis (PASI < 7), 40.2% had moderate psoriasis (PASI 8-12), and 27.5% had severe psoriasis (PASI > 12). Regarding LFT values, 73.5% had elevated alanine transaminase (ALT), 32.4% had elevated aspartate transaminase (AST), 70.6% had elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 68.6% had elevated bilirubin, and 67.6% had elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). AST and GGT levels rise significantly linked to PASI (p- <0.05). Conversely, for ALP and Bilirubin levels, there is no significant difference across severity of PASI (p- >0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Patients with severe psoriasis exhibit a predisposition to hepatic dysfunction. Study observed abnormalities in liver function tests (LFT) among psoriatic patients, suggesting a potential link to liver disease development.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"147 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.48036/apims.v20i2.868
A. Pak, Inst Med Sci, Bareerah Haidry, Naheem Ahmed, Tayyaba Saddique, Maryam Abbasi, Mashal Yaqoob, Nuzhat Rasheed
watery diarrhea in children aged 6 months to 5 years, at H.H Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Hospital/Combined Military Hospital, Muzaffarabad. Methodology: The Randomized Controlled Trial was done at Pediatric department, H.H Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Hospital/CMH, Muzaffarabad from January 2020 to December 2021. All patients aged 6 months to 5 years with acute watery diarrhea who present with severe, minimal, or no dehydration within the first five days of illness were included. Children meeting the inclusion criteria were consecutively enrolled and randomly assigned to either the study group (ORS plus oral administration of Saccharomyces Boulardii) or the control group (ORS alone). From day 1 to day 5, the quantity and consistency of feces were counted. On day 5, clinical effectiveness was indicated by 3 stools or fewer per day. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Results: Of 252 patients, a significant mean difference of number of stools and consistency was observed on day 3, day 4, and day 5 (p:<0.005). A significant association of efficacy was observed with probiotic group (p: 0.021). After adjustment for other covariates, efficacy was 2.37 times higher among children who were in probiotic group as compared to control group (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.07-5.24, p: 0.033). The efficacy was 3.23 times higher among children with age ?3 years than children with age >3 years (aOR 3.23, 95% CI 1.32-7.91, p: 0.010). The efficacy was 94% lower among children without dehydration (aOR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.52, p: 0.011) and 91% lower among children with some dehydration (aOR: 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.77, p: 0.028). Conclusion: The efficacy of probiotics was observed to be higher in treatment of acute watery diarrhea in hospitalized children. Probiotics, when used as an adjunct to standard therapy, may be beneficial in reducing the severity and duration of diarrhea, potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes.
{"title":"Clinical Efficacy of Use of Probiotics in Children with Acute Watery Diarrhea","authors":"A. Pak, Inst Med Sci, Bareerah Haidry, Naheem Ahmed, Tayyaba Saddique, Maryam Abbasi, Mashal Yaqoob, Nuzhat Rasheed","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i2.868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i2.868","url":null,"abstract":"watery diarrhea in children aged 6 months to 5 years, at H.H Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Hospital/Combined Military Hospital, Muzaffarabad.\u0000Methodology: The Randomized Controlled Trial was done at Pediatric department, H.H Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Hospital/CMH, Muzaffarabad from January 2020 to December 2021. All patients aged 6 months to 5 years with acute watery diarrhea who present with severe, minimal, or no dehydration within the first five days of illness were included. Children meeting the inclusion criteria were consecutively enrolled and randomly assigned to either the study group (ORS plus oral administration of Saccharomyces Boulardii) or the control group (ORS alone). From day 1 to day 5, the quantity and consistency of feces were counted. On day 5, clinical effectiveness was indicated by 3 stools or fewer per day. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis.\u0000Results: Of 252 patients, a significant mean difference of number of stools and consistency was observed on day 3, day 4, and day 5 (p:<0.005). A significant association of efficacy was observed with probiotic group (p: 0.021). After adjustment for other covariates, efficacy was 2.37 times higher among children who were in probiotic group as compared to control group (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.07-5.24, p: 0.033). The efficacy was 3.23 times higher among children with age ?3 years than children with age >3 years (aOR 3.23, 95% CI 1.32-7.91, p: 0.010). The efficacy was 94% lower among children without dehydration (aOR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.52, p: 0.011) and 91% lower among children with some dehydration (aOR: 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.77, p: 0.028).\u0000Conclusion: The efficacy of probiotics was observed to be higher in treatment of acute watery diarrhea in hospitalized children. Probiotics, when used as an adjunct to standard therapy, may be beneficial in reducing the severity and duration of diarrhea, potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"91 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.48036/apims.v20i2.894
A. Pak, Inst Med Sci, Fatima Shafqat Khan, Asfandyar Asghar, Rana Intisar ul Haq, Tehmina Nazir, Sana Nadeem, Naila Obaid, Dr Nida Fatima
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the potential impact of antiglaucoma medication preservatives on ocular surface health and the subsequent development of dry eye symptoms. Methods: A non-randomized controlled trial study was conducted from March 2023 to June 2023.The study enrolled 32 patients, with 16 participants in each group. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria, including confirmed diagnosis of glaucoma and stable ocular health, were allocated to Group A(preserved medication) or Group B(preservative-free medication).Tear Film Break-Up Time(TBUT) and Schirmer's test were employed as objective indicators of tear film stability and tear production respectively. Measurements were recorded at baseline and after a 3-month duration of medication use. Results: At 1st visit, mean TBUT was 10.87 sec and mean Schirmer's test was 13.75 mm in group A while in group B it was 11.25 sec and 14.56 mm respectively. After 3 months of medication use, mean TBUT and mean Schirmer’s was 9.62 sec and 11.81 mm respectively in group A while in group B it was 10.18 sec and 13.18 mm respectively. The results showed that initial ocular status was similar in both groups however the decrease in values showed ocular surface deterioration. Notably group A demonstrated a more substantial decline in tear production compared to group B. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of both preserved and preservative-free anti-glaucoma medications. Although both may potentially exacerbate dry eye symptoms to a greater extent, preservative-free anti-glaucoma may offer benefits in maintaining ocular surface health with long-term use.
研究目的本研究旨在评估抗青光眼药物防腐剂对眼表健康的潜在影响以及干眼症状的后续发展。研究方法研究共招募了 32 名患者，每组 16 人。符合纳入标准（包括确诊青光眼和眼部健康状况稳定）的患者被分配到 A 组（含防腐剂药物）或 B 组（不含防腐剂药物）。泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）和施尔默氏试验分别作为泪膜稳定性和泪液分泌的客观指标。泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）和施尔默氏试验分别作为泪膜稳定性和泪液分泌量的客观指标。结果在第一次就诊时，A 组的平均 TBUT 为 10.87 秒，Schirmer's 测试的平均值为 13.75 毫米，而 B 组分别为 11.25 秒和 14.56 毫米。用药 3 个月后，A 组的平均 TBUT 和平均 Schirmer's 分别为 9.62 秒和 11.81 毫米，而 B 组分别为 10.18 秒和 13.18 毫米。结果显示，两组患者最初的眼部状态相似，但数值的下降表明眼表恶化。值得注意的是，与 B 组相比，A 组的泪液分泌量下降幅度更大：这项研究强调了防腐和不含防腐剂的抗青光眼药物的重要性。虽然这两种药物都有可能在更大程度上加重干眼症状，但长期使用不含防腐剂的抗青光眼药物可能会在维持眼表健康方面带来益处。
{"title":"Comparison of Effects of Preserved and Preservative Free Anti-Glaucoma Drugs in Causing Dry Eyes","authors":"A. Pak, Inst Med Sci, Fatima Shafqat Khan, Asfandyar Asghar, Rana Intisar ul Haq, Tehmina Nazir, Sana Nadeem, Naila Obaid, Dr Nida Fatima","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i2.894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i2.894","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the potential impact of antiglaucoma medication preservatives on ocular surface health and the subsequent development of dry eye symptoms. \u0000Methods: A non-randomized controlled trial study was conducted from March 2023 to June 2023.The study enrolled 32 patients, with 16 participants in each group. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria, including confirmed diagnosis of glaucoma and stable ocular health, were allocated to Group A(preserved medication) or Group B(preservative-free medication).Tear Film Break-Up Time(TBUT) and Schirmer's test were employed as objective indicators of tear film stability and tear production respectively. Measurements were recorded at baseline and after a 3-month duration of medication use. \u0000Results: At 1st visit, mean TBUT was 10.87 sec and mean Schirmer's test was 13.75 mm in group A while in group B it was 11.25 sec and 14.56 mm respectively. After 3 months of medication use, mean TBUT and mean Schirmer’s was 9.62 sec and 11.81 mm respectively in group A while in group B it was 10.18 sec and 13.18 mm respectively. The results showed that initial ocular status was similar in both groups however the decrease in values showed ocular surface deterioration. Notably group A demonstrated a more substantial decline in tear production compared to group B. \u0000Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of both preserved and preservative-free anti-glaucoma medications. Although both may potentially exacerbate dry eye symptoms to a greater extent, preservative-free anti-glaucoma may offer benefits in maintaining ocular surface health with long-term use.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To determine the immune expression of E-Cadherin in gastric adenocarcinomas and its association with tumor histological type and grade to evaluate its prognostic significance. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad, from December 2017 to January 2021. Eighty-one patients from both genders, aged 21 to 83 years, undergoing gastric biopsies and Gastrectomy specimens to diagnose gastric adenocarcinoma were included in our study. Immunohistochemical processing was performed and the results were interpreted by the consultant pathologist for the expression of E-cadherin on gastric adenocarcinoma. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 17. Results: There was a significant statistical association between loss of E-Cadherin with histological type of adenocarcinoma (p = 0.000). In total 81 cases, there were 53 (65%) cases of intestinal type adenocarcinoma and 28 (35%) cases of diffuse type adenocarcinoma. Of the 28 cases with diffuse type gastric Adenocarcinoma, 10 cases showed complete loss of E-Cadherin. This complete loss of Cadherin was also seen in four out of 53 cases of intestinal adenocarcinoma, all of which were poorly differentiated intestinal type of adenocarcinomas. Total cases of well differentiated type of adenocarcinoma were nine; all of these showed high expression of E-Cadherin. Conclusion: There is a strong association of E-Cadherin expression with the histological type and grade of gastric adenocarcinoma according to Lauren’s classification. As the grade of the adenocarcinoma gets higher there is more loss of E-Cadherin expression which proves its prognostic significance. It was also established that gastric adenocarcinoma is a disease of elderly with male predominance.
{"title":"Association of E-Cadherin Expression with Histological Type and Grade of Gastric Adenocarcinoma","authors":"N. Nabi, Sidrah Omair, Henna Azmat, Iqra Butt, Saira Javed, Summaya Sohail","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i2.958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i2.958","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the immune expression of E-Cadherin in gastric adenocarcinomas and its association with tumor histological type and grade to evaluate its prognostic significance.\u0000Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad, from December 2017 to January 2021. Eighty-one patients from both genders, aged 21 to 83 years, undergoing gastric biopsies and Gastrectomy specimens to diagnose gastric adenocarcinoma were included in our study. Immunohistochemical processing was performed and the results were interpreted by the consultant pathologist for the expression of E-cadherin on gastric adenocarcinoma. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 17.\u0000Results: There was a significant statistical association between loss of E-Cadherin with histological type of adenocarcinoma (p = 0.000). In total 81 cases, there were 53 (65%) cases of intestinal type adenocarcinoma and 28 (35%) cases of diffuse type adenocarcinoma. Of the 28 cases with diffuse type gastric Adenocarcinoma, 10 cases showed complete loss of E-Cadherin. This complete loss of Cadherin was also seen in four out of 53 cases of intestinal adenocarcinoma, all of which were poorly differentiated intestinal type of adenocarcinomas. Total cases of well differentiated type of adenocarcinoma were nine; all of these showed high expression of E-Cadherin. \u0000Conclusion: There is a strong association of E-Cadherin expression with the histological type and grade of gastric adenocarcinoma according to Lauren’s classification. As the grade of the adenocarcinoma gets higher there is more loss of E-Cadherin expression which proves its prognostic significance. It was also established that gastric adenocarcinoma is a disease of elderly with male predominance.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"33 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141005389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.48036/apims.v20i2.1010
A. Pak, Inst Med Sci, Kashif Naeem, Muhammad Hamood Farooqi, Aimen Zafar, Shahzad Asfandyar Haider, Hira Saeed Khan, Qamar Zaman Phull, Consultant Anesthetist.
Objective: To determine the comparison of homodynamic effect of propofol and ketofol duringinduction in general surgery patients.Study design: Randomized control trialSetting: Department of Anesthesia, Surgical ICU and Pain management, Civil Hospital Karachi.Duration: Seven months from June 2019 to January 2020.Methods: Patients scheduled for elective general surgery procedures, aged 20 to 60 years, bothmale and female patients were included. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups.Group A received a combination of ketofol while Group B received propofol as the inductionagent. After recording of the base line values of mean arterial pressure patient was induced usingpropofol or ketofol. Mean arterial pressure readings were noted at 30 seconds after druginjection, as well as at 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes after intubation, to capture theimmediate hemodynamic effects of the drugs and to observe any potential changes over timefollowing intubation.Results: The average age of the patients was 37.38±13.78 years. Out of 64 patients, 30(46.9%)were male and 34(53.1%) were female. Homodynamic effect was significantly high in thosepatients who received ketofol than those who received propofol (100% vs. 59.4% p=0.0005).The findings observed also with significant differences in hemodynamic effects between the twogroups, even after controlling for age, gender, and ASA classification (p-<0.05).Conclusion: Combination of Ketofol with ketofol was observed to be the betterhemodynamically as compared to Propofol. Additionally, the use of ketofol reduces the cost ofinduction and decreasing the economic burden on the patient.
{"title":"Comparison of Hemodynamic Effect of Propofol and Ketofol during Induction of Anaesthesia in General Surgery Patients","authors":"A. Pak, Inst Med Sci, Kashif Naeem, Muhammad Hamood Farooqi, Aimen Zafar, Shahzad Asfandyar Haider, Hira Saeed Khan, Qamar Zaman Phull, Consultant Anesthetist.","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i2.1010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i2.1010","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the comparison of homodynamic effect of propofol and ketofol duringinduction in general surgery patients.Study design: Randomized control trialSetting: Department of Anesthesia, Surgical ICU and Pain management, Civil Hospital Karachi.Duration: Seven months from June 2019 to January 2020.Methods: Patients scheduled for elective general surgery procedures, aged 20 to 60 years, bothmale and female patients were included. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups.Group A received a combination of ketofol while Group B received propofol as the inductionagent. After recording of the base line values of mean arterial pressure patient was induced usingpropofol or ketofol. Mean arterial pressure readings were noted at 30 seconds after druginjection, as well as at 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes after intubation, to capture theimmediate hemodynamic effects of the drugs and to observe any potential changes over timefollowing intubation.Results: The average age of the patients was 37.38±13.78 years. Out of 64 patients, 30(46.9%)were male and 34(53.1%) were female. Homodynamic effect was significantly high in thosepatients who received ketofol than those who received propofol (100% vs. 59.4% p=0.0005).The findings observed also with significant differences in hemodynamic effects between the twogroups, even after controlling for age, gender, and ASA classification (p-<0.05).Conclusion: Combination of Ketofol with ketofol was observed to be the betterhemodynamically as compared to Propofol. Additionally, the use of ketofol reduces the cost ofinduction and decreasing the economic burden on the patient.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"26 2‐3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141002425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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