Advances in computer science and semiconductor technology have combined to create what now generally is recognized as the computer revolution. Three features of this revolution are examined as to their impact on computer science education: 1) the reduction of the cost threshold to gain access to computation, 2) the avaliability of dedicated processors for real-time computation, and 3) the existence of local computer networks in which the nodes are stand-alone microcomputers that share information and expensive peripheral devices. It is argued that major benefits such as decreased cost/performance ratios, enhanced flexibility and freedom from obsolescence accrue to computer science programs using such microcomputer networks versus a central host computer using interactive timesharing.
{"title":"Local microcomputer networks and their impact on computer science education","authors":"H. Porter","doi":"10.1145/503896.503936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503896.503936","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in computer science and semiconductor technology have combined to create what now generally is recognized as the computer revolution. Three features of this revolution are examined as to their impact on computer science education: 1) the reduction of the cost threshold to gain access to computation, 2) the avaliability of dedicated processors for real-time computation, and 3) the existence of local computer networks in which the nodes are stand-alone microcomputers that share information and expensive peripheral devices. It is argued that major benefits such as decreased cost/performance ratios, enhanced flexibility and freedom from obsolescence accrue to computer science programs using such microcomputer networks versus a central host computer using interactive timesharing.","PeriodicalId":184493,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 20","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121707933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From the reliability point of view, the uniqueness of path between any processor and memory module in a standard k-column Shuffle/Exchange (S/E) network is an inherent weakness. It is proposed to add a column of switches to the existing multistage S/E network such that the modified network, which will be called the S/E-Plus network, will retain the permuting power of the corresponding S/E network and have dual paths between any processor and any memory module. Fault tolerant routing algorithm is then designed to exploit the dual path structure of the S/E-Plus network. Various applications of the routing algorithm including a technique for performing permutation in the S/E-Plus network in which a fault exists are also discussed. Finally, the path reliability and the path reliability gain are defined to evaluate the S/E-Plus network.
{"title":"The shuffle/exchange-plus networks","authors":"S. Thanawastien","doi":"10.1145/503896.503912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503896.503912","url":null,"abstract":"From the reliability point of view, the uniqueness of path between any processor and memory module in a standard k-column Shuffle/Exchange (S/E) network is an inherent weakness. It is proposed to add a column of switches to the existing multistage S/E network such that the modified network, which will be called the S/E-Plus network, will retain the permuting power of the corresponding S/E network and have dual paths between any processor and any memory module. Fault tolerant routing algorithm is then designed to exploit the dual path structure of the S/E-Plus network. Various applications of the routing algorithm including a technique for performing permutation in the S/E-Plus network in which a fault exists are also discussed. Finally, the path reliability and the path reliability gain are defined to evaluate the S/E-Plus network.","PeriodicalId":184493,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 20","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128945415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In June of 1981 the Tennessee Valley Authority began operation of its first large-scale load management program. This program, called Cycle & Save, manages electrical demand in residences and small commercial and industrial establishments by utilizing direct radio control of air-conditioners and water heaters.TVA obtained the right to interrupt service during certain hours of the day to the air-conditioners and water heaters of customers who volunteered for the program. As TVA's cost of operation rises above a predetermined economic threshold during peak demand hours, electrical service is temporarily curtailed to the water heaters and is reduced by up to 25 percent to air-conditioners.The scheduling of this new load management program's operation was controlled by six small computers located in five different cities in the TVA service area. The computers were part of an original equipment purchase from Motorola, Inc., for radio receivers, FM transmission equipment, and control computers with specially designed software.This software and hardware system is the subject of this paper. It will describe how the computers are used to optimize the benefits of load management of end-use devices to the TVA power system.
{"title":"Cycle & save computer system","authors":"Sylvia C. Colvin, Gerry D. Stiers","doi":"10.1145/503896.503919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503896.503919","url":null,"abstract":"In June of 1981 the Tennessee Valley Authority began operation of its first large-scale load management program. This program, called Cycle & Save, manages electrical demand in residences and small commercial and industrial establishments by utilizing direct radio control of air-conditioners and water heaters.TVA obtained the right to interrupt service during certain hours of the day to the air-conditioners and water heaters of customers who volunteered for the program. As TVA's cost of operation rises above a predetermined economic threshold during peak demand hours, electrical service is temporarily curtailed to the water heaters and is reduced by up to 25 percent to air-conditioners.The scheduling of this new load management program's operation was controlled by six small computers located in five different cities in the TVA service area. The computers were part of an original equipment purchase from Motorola, Inc., for radio receivers, FM transmission equipment, and control computers with specially designed software.This software and hardware system is the subject of this paper. It will describe how the computers are used to optimize the benefits of load management of end-use devices to the TVA power system.","PeriodicalId":184493,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 20","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131555139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
'Data Management' will be used here to describe three main aspects of information handling at a research laboratory where a multidisciplinary esearch effort is being carried out to develop methods to improve captive reproduction of the Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri Sciureus). These three main areas include I.) a coherent philosopy of administration, II.) a definition of data and ways to store it, III.) and program development and usage for processing data.
{"title":"Data management for a non-human primate research laboratory","authors":"Bruce J. Ward, H. Longenecker, C. Abee","doi":"10.1145/503896.503907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503896.503907","url":null,"abstract":"'Data Management' will be used here to describe three main aspects of information handling at a research laboratory where a multidisciplinary esearch effort is being carried out to develop methods to improve captive reproduction of the Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri Sciureus). These three main areas include I.) a coherent philosopy of administration, II.) a definition of data and ways to store it, III.) and program development and usage for processing data.","PeriodicalId":184493,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 20","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122004730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
General acceptance of any new technology seems to be a function of its cost. For example, computer applications such as word processing, teaching and research are made feasible by low-cost computing resources not available ten years ago. In spite of the decreased cost of modern small computer systems, there is still a deficiency in achieving software exchange between systems. In the past, inexpensive file-oriented mass storage device media have allowed limited software interchange between systems having identical peripherals employing identical formats. This media interchange has gone through discrete periods based on mass storage technology. For example, in the early to middle 1960's, the primary mechanism for software exchange was via paper tape. From the middle to late 1968's, paper tape was replaced by LINCtape and wECtape. With the advent of microcomputers in the middle 1970's cassette tape became a popular method of exchanging software. A current popular mechanism for software exchange is eight or five inch flexible diskettes. In all of these cases, true compatibility is possible only when the medium has been formatted, read or written by the same operating system.
{"title":"ThriftNet: a simple networking strategy","authors":"P. T. Maginnis","doi":"10.1145/503896.503898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503896.503898","url":null,"abstract":"General acceptance of any new technology seems to be a function of its cost. For example, computer applications such as word processing, teaching and research are made feasible by low-cost computing resources not available ten years ago. In spite of the decreased cost of modern small computer systems, there is still a deficiency in achieving software exchange between systems. In the past, inexpensive file-oriented mass storage device media have allowed limited software interchange between systems having identical peripherals employing identical formats. This media interchange has gone through discrete periods based on mass storage technology. For example, in the early to middle 1960's, the primary mechanism for software exchange was via paper tape. From the middle to late 1968's, paper tape was replaced by LINCtape and wECtape. With the advent of microcomputers in the middle 1970's cassette tape became a popular method of exchanging software. A current popular mechanism for software exchange is eight or five inch flexible diskettes. In all of these cases, true compatibility is possible only when the medium has been formatted, read or written by the same operating system.","PeriodicalId":184493,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 20","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129625149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Present techniques used in graphing level curves mainly involve time-consuming numerical methods which are repeated until the desired accuracy is reached. A predictor-corrector method is developed to determine points on a level curve given the partial derivatives of a function. While this method is proven for level curves of constant curvature, it is demonstrated to be useful for all continuous curves which have uniform curvature within a small neighborhood of any point on that curve.Conceptually, this method uses the gradient of the function to determine two points close to the level curve that passes through a starting point. A third point lying on the level curve is geometrically determined. This point is then used as a new starting point, thereby tracing a series of segments of a level curve.This technique is demonstrated with a Pascal program which graphs level curves of various functions and a second Pascal program fragment which graphs equipotential lines of electric fields.
{"title":"A predictor-corrector method for graphing level curves","authors":"Robert S. Cymbalski","doi":"10.1145/503896.503914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503896.503914","url":null,"abstract":"Present techniques used in graphing level curves mainly involve time-consuming numerical methods which are repeated until the desired accuracy is reached. A predictor-corrector method is developed to determine points on a level curve given the partial derivatives of a function. While this method is proven for level curves of constant curvature, it is demonstrated to be useful for all continuous curves which have uniform curvature within a small neighborhood of any point on that curve.Conceptually, this method uses the gradient of the function to determine two points close to the level curve that passes through a starting point. A third point lying on the level curve is geometrically determined. This point is then used as a new starting point, thereby tracing a series of segments of a level curve.This technique is demonstrated with a Pascal program which graphs level curves of various functions and a second Pascal program fragment which graphs equipotential lines of electric fields.","PeriodicalId":184493,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 20","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132574539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ThriftNet is a system of programs which employs a relatively simple protocol which effects the transfer of files between computers (Ferguson, et al., 1980). Since the notion of a simple protocol runs contrary to the prevailing thought on the design of computer networks (Maginnis, 1982), it is necessary to statistically establish the reliability of the protocol in accomplishing its objective of transferring files. Each time a file transfer process is completed using the ThriftNet system, statistical information is logged on the target operating system, consisting of the date and time, the user's name, the network node identification numbers for both the master and the target computer systems, the target system terminal line number and its baud rate, the number of byte count errors, the number of longitudinal redundancy check character errors, the number of successfully transferred 128 byte blocks, the total duration of the file transfer, and the effective data transmission rate between systems (i.e. the actual number of data bytes transferred per second).
ThriftNet是一个程序系统，它采用了一个相对简单的协议来影响计算机之间的文件传输(Ferguson, et al.， 1980)。由于简单协议的概念与计算机网络设计的主流思想背道而驰(Maginnis, 1982)，因此有必要从统计上建立协议在实现传输文件目标方面的可靠性。每次使用ThriftNet系统完成一个文件传输过程时，统计信息记录在目标操作系统上，包括日期和时间、用户名、主机和目标计算机系统的网络节点标识号、目标系统终端行号及其波特率、字节计数错误数、纵向冗余校验字符错误数、成功传输128字节块数、文件传输的总持续时间，以及系统之间的有效数据传输速率(即每秒传输的实际数据字节数)。
{"title":"ThriftNet: a reliable networking strategy","authors":"Donald F. Miller","doi":"10.1145/503896.503899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503896.503899","url":null,"abstract":"ThriftNet is a system of programs which employs a relatively simple protocol which effects the transfer of files between computers (Ferguson, et al., 1980). Since the notion of a simple protocol runs contrary to the prevailing thought on the design of computer networks (Maginnis, 1982), it is necessary to statistically establish the reliability of the protocol in accomplishing its objective of transferring files. Each time a file transfer process is completed using the ThriftNet system, statistical information is logged on the target operating system, consisting of the date and time, the user's name, the network node identification numbers for both the master and the target computer systems, the target system terminal line number and its baud rate, the number of byte count errors, the number of longitudinal redundancy check character errors, the number of successfully transferred 128 byte blocks, the total duration of the file transfer, and the effective data transmission rate between systems (i.e. the actual number of data bytes transferred per second).","PeriodicalId":184493,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 20","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123410858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coleman Poag, K. E. Foster, M. J. Wilson, Randy Jay Hendry, Logi G Hitchell, P. T. Haginnis
In many manufacturing concerns the systems used to track production data are as numberous as the departments listed on the organization chart. The records of this multi-system technique seldom agree throughout the various departments. Generally, the root of this problem is (a) the disinterest on the part of non-data processing personnel in using a computerized tracking system themselves, and (b) the view that they cannot rely on a department outside their direct control (i.e. data processing) to do so for them.The implementation of one interactive system which uses a relational data base can transcend both. Use of the system would be uncomplicated enough that personnel in the various departments would feel at ease with it.The term "manufacturing" covers a large domain. The purpose of this paper is not to give one system that "as is" will cover all production phases of the entire spectrum of manufacturing concerns. The intent is to give a general enough approach that, if adapted to most areas and applied with enthusiasm, the result will be a unified and accurate set of data from which relevant information can be derived and sound decisions can be made.
{"title":"A proposed production tracking system for manufacturing concerns","authors":"Coleman Poag, K. E. Foster, M. J. Wilson, Randy Jay Hendry, Logi G Hitchell, P. T. Haginnis","doi":"10.1145/503896.503946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503896.503946","url":null,"abstract":"In many manufacturing concerns the systems used to track production data are as numberous as the departments listed on the organization chart. The records of this multi-system technique seldom agree throughout the various departments. Generally, the root of this problem is (a) the disinterest on the part of non-data processing personnel in using a computerized tracking system themselves, and (b) the view that they cannot rely on a department outside their direct control (i.e. data processing) to do so for them.The implementation of one interactive system which uses a relational data base can transcend both. Use of the system would be uncomplicated enough that personnel in the various departments would feel at ease with it.The term \"manufacturing\" covers a large domain. The purpose of this paper is not to give one system that \"as is\" will cover all production phases of the entire spectrum of manufacturing concerns. The intent is to give a general enough approach that, if adapted to most areas and applied with enthusiasm, the result will be a unified and accurate set of data from which relevant information can be derived and sound decisions can be made.","PeriodicalId":184493,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 20","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123665463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several alternatives for implementing abstract data types exist. One approach is the definition and implementation of a new language which directly supports abstract data type constructs. Another approach is to incorporate abstract data type constructs in an existing programming language. This paper describes recent and current research in the incorporation of a specification language for abstract data types within an operational compilable programming language. The synthesis of implementations of abstract data types from their specifications is discussed.
{"title":"Synthesizing abstract data type specifications","authors":"B. Belkhouche, J. E. Urban, G. Riccardi","doi":"10.1145/503896.503928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503896.503928","url":null,"abstract":"Several alternatives for implementing abstract data types exist. One approach is the definition and implementation of a new language which directly supports abstract data type constructs. Another approach is to incorporate abstract data type constructs in an existing programming language. This paper describes recent and current research in the incorporation of a specification language for abstract data types within an operational compilable programming language. The synthesis of implementations of abstract data types from their specifications is discussed.","PeriodicalId":184493,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 20","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115802142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decision Support Systems (DSS) seem to be the latest Business Data Processing novelty. DSS are an outgrowth of Electronic Data Processing Systems (EDP) and Management Information Systems (MIS). EDP or transaction processing are essentially electronic booking systems. They consist of processing transactions and updating all of the business "master file" journals and eventually producing balance sheets, profit and loss summaries, etc. An EDP system that produces additional reports that are used by managers in decision making is called a HIS. HIS reports are generally characterized as being "static" in nature-they produce the same basic reports each period, ex. personnel turnover report, fastest selling items report, etc. These reports can be produced either in batch or interactive mode, but because of their length, they are usually relegated to batch mode.
{"title":"The use of APL in teaching a course in decision support systems","authors":"R. B. Bisland","doi":"10.1145/503896.503923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503896.503923","url":null,"abstract":"Decision Support Systems (DSS) seem to be the latest Business Data Processing novelty. DSS are an outgrowth of Electronic Data Processing Systems (EDP) and Management Information Systems (MIS). EDP or transaction processing are essentially electronic booking systems. They consist of processing transactions and updating all of the business \"master file\" journals and eventually producing balance sheets, profit and loss summaries, etc. An EDP system that produces additional reports that are used by managers in decision making is called a HIS. HIS reports are generally characterized as being \"static\" in nature-they produce the same basic reports each period, ex. personnel turnover report, fastest selling items report, etc. These reports can be produced either in batch or interactive mode, but because of their length, they are usually relegated to batch mode.","PeriodicalId":184493,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 20","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124295391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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