Pub Date : 2016-12-14DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069667
P. Rubinov
As part of the development of the High Granularity Calorimeter for the CMS Endcap at HL-LHC, The CMS collaboration is conducting a comprehensive series of beam tests. The first beam test, with a single HGC module was carried out in March of 2016 at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility, continuing to a 16 module test in July of 2016. We describe here the development of a low cost readout system that is simple to implement and is able to grow with the system under test. The system is based on the low cost Zynq SoC that allows simple DAQ development in a Linux environment. For this application we used the Digilent ZedBoard, which allows high speed LVDS links and Linux software development on a single commercial board. A small custom FPGA board designed to comply with the VITA 57 Field Programmable Mezzanine Card standard implements the interface to the readout ASIC mounted on the HGC sensor modules and provides the LVDS links to the ZedBoard, either directly over the FMC connector or via a custom carrier card. This architecture provides scalability, ease of development and low cost.
{"title":"Development of flexible, scalable, low cost readout for beam tests of the high granularity calorimeter for the CMS endcap","authors":"P. Rubinov","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069667","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the development of the High Granularity Calorimeter for the CMS Endcap at HL-LHC, The CMS collaboration is conducting a comprehensive series of beam tests. The first beam test, with a single HGC module was carried out in March of 2016 at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility, continuing to a 16 module test in July of 2016. We describe here the development of a low cost readout system that is simple to implement and is able to grow with the system under test. The system is based on the low cost Zynq SoC that allows simple DAQ development in a Linux environment. For this application we used the Digilent ZedBoard, which allows high speed LVDS links and Linux software development on a single commercial board. A small custom FPGA board designed to comply with the VITA 57 Field Programmable Mezzanine Card standard implements the interface to the readout ASIC mounted on the HGC sensor modules and provides the LVDS links to the ZedBoard, either directly over the FMC connector or via a custom carrier card. This architecture provides scalability, ease of development and low cost.","PeriodicalId":184587,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126478512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-05DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069839
B. Bauss, A. Brogna, V. Bucher, R. Degele, H. Herr, C. Kahra, S. Rave, E. Rocco, U. Schäfer, J. Souza, S. Tapprogge, M. Weirich
To cope with the enhanced luminosity of the beam delivered by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2020, the “A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS” (ATLAS) experiment has planned a major upgrade. As part of this, the trigger at Level1 based on calorimeter data will be upgraded to exploit fine-granularity readout using a new system of Feature Extractors, which each use different physics objects for the trigger selection. The article focusses on the jet Feature EXtractor (jFEX) prototype, one of the three types of Feature Extractors. Up to 2 TB/s have to be processed to provide jet identification (including large area jets) and measurements of global variables within few hundred nanoseconds latency budget. This requires the use of large Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with the largest number of Multi Gigabit Transceiver (MGT) available on the market. The jFEX board prototype hosts four large FPGAs from the Xilinx Ultrascale family with 120 MGTs each, connected to 24 opto-electrical devices, resulting in a densely populated high speed signal board. MEGTRON6 was chosen as the material for the 24 layers jFEX board stack-up because of its property of low transmission loss with high frequency signals (GHz range) and to further preserve the signal integrity special care has been put into the design accompanied by simulation to optimise the voltage drop and minimise the current density over the power planes. An integrated test has been installed at the ATLAS test facility to perform numerous tests and measurements with the jFEX prototype.
{"title":"Latest frontier technology and design of the ATLAS calorimeter trigger board dedicated to jet identification for the LHC run 3","authors":"B. Bauss, A. Brogna, V. Bucher, R. Degele, H. Herr, C. Kahra, S. Rave, E. Rocco, U. Schäfer, J. Souza, S. Tapprogge, M. Weirich","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069839","url":null,"abstract":"To cope with the enhanced luminosity of the beam delivered by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2020, the “A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS” (ATLAS) experiment has planned a major upgrade. As part of this, the trigger at Level1 based on calorimeter data will be upgraded to exploit fine-granularity readout using a new system of Feature Extractors, which each use different physics objects for the trigger selection. The article focusses on the jet Feature EXtractor (jFEX) prototype, one of the three types of Feature Extractors. Up to 2 TB/s have to be processed to provide jet identification (including large area jets) and measurements of global variables within few hundred nanoseconds latency budget. This requires the use of large Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with the largest number of Multi Gigabit Transceiver (MGT) available on the market. The jFEX board prototype hosts four large FPGAs from the Xilinx Ultrascale family with 120 MGTs each, connected to 24 opto-electrical devices, resulting in a densely populated high speed signal board. MEGTRON6 was chosen as the material for the 24 layers jFEX board stack-up because of its property of low transmission loss with high frequency signals (GHz range) and to further preserve the signal integrity special care has been put into the design accompanied by simulation to optimise the voltage drop and minimise the current density over the power planes. An integrated test has been installed at the ATLAS test facility to perform numerous tests and measurements with the jFEX prototype.","PeriodicalId":184587,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116169347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069837
F. Martins
TileCal is one of the ATLAS sub-detectors operating at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which is taking data since 2009. The Detector Control System (DCS) was developed to ensure the coherent and safe operation of the whole ATLAS detector. Seventy thousand (70000) parameters are used for control and monitoring purposes of TileCal, requiring an automated system. The TileCal DCS is mainly responsible for the control and monitoring of the high and low voltage systems but it also supervises the detector infrastructure (cooling and racks), calibration systems, data acquisition and safety. During the first period of data taking (Run 1, 2009–12) the TileCal DCS allowed a smooth detector operation and should continue to do so for the second period (Run 2) that started in 2015. The TileCal DCS was updated in order to cope with the hardware and software requirements for Run 2 operation. These updates followed the general ATLAS guidelines on the software and hardware upgrade but also the new requirements from the TileCal detector. A report on the upgrade and status of the TileCal DCS system will be presented.
{"title":"The ATLAS tile calorimeter DCS for run 2","authors":"F. Martins","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069837","url":null,"abstract":"TileCal is one of the ATLAS sub-detectors operating at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which is taking data since 2009. The Detector Control System (DCS) was developed to ensure the coherent and safe operation of the whole ATLAS detector. Seventy thousand (70000) parameters are used for control and monitoring purposes of TileCal, requiring an automated system. The TileCal DCS is mainly responsible for the control and monitoring of the high and low voltage systems but it also supervises the detector infrastructure (cooling and racks), calibration systems, data acquisition and safety. During the first period of data taking (Run 1, 2009–12) the TileCal DCS allowed a smooth detector operation and should continue to do so for the second period (Run 2) that started in 2015. The TileCal DCS was updated in order to cope with the hardware and software requirements for Run 2 operation. These updates followed the general ATLAS guidelines on the software and hardware upgrade but also the new requirements from the TileCal detector. A report on the upgrade and status of the TileCal DCS system will be presented.","PeriodicalId":184587,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117218623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069686
Abhishek Sharma
The ATLAS experiment is planning a major upgrade of its tracking detectors during the Phase-II LHC shutdown, to better take advantage of the increased luminosity of the HL-LHC. The layout of the Pixel Tracker is undergoing an optimisation and will be finalised in 2017. The various layouts are presented. A description of the supporting structures, along with results from testing of prototypes are also discussed.
{"title":"The phase-II ATLAS pixel tracker upgrade: Layout and mechanics","authors":"Abhishek Sharma","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069686","url":null,"abstract":"The ATLAS experiment is planning a major upgrade of its tracking detectors during the Phase-II LHC shutdown, to better take advantage of the increased luminosity of the HL-LHC. The layout of the Pixel Tracker is undergoing an optimisation and will be finalised in 2017. The various layouts are presented. A description of the supporting structures, along with results from testing of prototypes are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":184587,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123549742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069935
M. Khalil, E. Brubaker, N. Hilton, M. Kupinski, Christopher J. MacGahan, P. Marleau
We investigate the feasibility of constructing a data-driven distance metric for use in null-hypothesis testing in the context of arms-control treaty verification. The distance metric is used in testing the hypothesis that the available data are representative of a certain object or otherwise, as opposed to binary-classification tasks studied previously. The metric, being of strictly quadratic form, is essentially computed using projections of the data onto a set of optimal vectors. These projections can be accumulated in list mode. The relatively low number of projections hampers the possible reconstruction of the object and subsequently the access to sensitive information. The projection vectors that channelize the data are optimal in capturing the Mahalanobis squared distance of the data associated with a given object under varying nuisance parameters. The vectors are also chosen such that the resulting metric is insensitive to the difference between the trusted object and another object that is deemed to contain sensitive information. Data used in this study were generated using the GEANT4 toolkit to model gamma transport using a Monte Carlo method. For numerical illustration, the methodology is applied to synthetic data obtained using custom models for plutonium inspection objects. The resulting metric based on a relatively low number of channels shows moderate agreement with the Mahalanobis distance metric for the trusted object but enabling a capability to obscure sensitive information.
{"title":"Null-hypothesis testing using distance metrics for verification of arms-control treaties","authors":"M. Khalil, E. Brubaker, N. Hilton, M. Kupinski, Christopher J. MacGahan, P. Marleau","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069935","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the feasibility of constructing a data-driven distance metric for use in null-hypothesis testing in the context of arms-control treaty verification. The distance metric is used in testing the hypothesis that the available data are representative of a certain object or otherwise, as opposed to binary-classification tasks studied previously. The metric, being of strictly quadratic form, is essentially computed using projections of the data onto a set of optimal vectors. These projections can be accumulated in list mode. The relatively low number of projections hampers the possible reconstruction of the object and subsequently the access to sensitive information. The projection vectors that channelize the data are optimal in capturing the Mahalanobis squared distance of the data associated with a given object under varying nuisance parameters. The vectors are also chosen such that the resulting metric is insensitive to the difference between the trusted object and another object that is deemed to contain sensitive information. Data used in this study were generated using the GEANT4 toolkit to model gamma transport using a Monte Carlo method. For numerical illustration, the methodology is applied to synthetic data obtained using custom models for plutonium inspection objects. The resulting metric based on a relatively low number of channels shows moderate agreement with the Mahalanobis distance metric for the trusted object but enabling a capability to obscure sensitive information.","PeriodicalId":184587,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131816264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-30DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069760
T. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, U. Landgraf, N. Scheidtmann, S. Zimmermann
Micromesh Gaseous Detectors (MicroMeGas) will be used in the ATLAS detector for the construction of the New Small Wheel Upgrade during the long shut down II in 2019/20. These detectors are used primarily for accurate position measurement but can also provide additionally trigger information. The spatial resolution is of the order of 100 μm. In parallel to the ongoing constructions of the actual size prototypes, additional performance studies with small MicroMeGas prototypes of a size of 10 × 10 cm2 are performed. These studies include a cosmic muon test setup in combination with a scalable readout system, such that the effect of variations in the pressure of the operation gas or changes in the humidity at the lower ppm level to the detector performance are investigated. These parameters will have an impact on the final design of the slow control system at the New Small Wheel in ATLAS.
{"title":"Studies of MicroMeGas chambers for the new small wheel using cosmic muons","authors":"T. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, U. Landgraf, N. Scheidtmann, S. Zimmermann","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069760","url":null,"abstract":"Micromesh Gaseous Detectors (MicroMeGas) will be used in the ATLAS detector for the construction of the New Small Wheel Upgrade during the long shut down II in 2019/20. These detectors are used primarily for accurate position measurement but can also provide additionally trigger information. The spatial resolution is of the order of 100 μm. In parallel to the ongoing constructions of the actual size prototypes, additional performance studies with small MicroMeGas prototypes of a size of 10 × 10 cm2 are performed. These studies include a cosmic muon test setup in combination with a scalable readout system, such that the effect of variations in the pressure of the operation gas or changes in the humidity at the lower ppm level to the detector performance are investigated. These parameters will have an impact on the final design of the slow control system at the New Small Wheel in ATLAS.","PeriodicalId":184587,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125104999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069747
B. Bilki
The CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN is upgrading the photodetector and readout system of the forward hadron calorimeter. During Long Shutdown 1, all of the original photomultiplier tubes were replaced with multi-anode, thin window photomultipliers. At the same time, the back-end electronics were upgraded to μTCA-based readout. Here we report on the commissioning, operations and near future plans of the forward hadron calorimeters Phase I Upgrade.
{"title":"Commissioning of upgrade forward hadron calorimeters of CMS","authors":"B. Bilki","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069747","url":null,"abstract":"The CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN is upgrading the photodetector and readout system of the forward hadron calorimeter. During Long Shutdown 1, all of the original photomultiplier tubes were replaced with multi-anode, thin window photomultipliers. At the same time, the back-end electronics were upgraded to μTCA-based readout. Here we report on the commissioning, operations and near future plans of the forward hadron calorimeters Phase I Upgrade.","PeriodicalId":184587,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123064889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-29DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069902
T. Hirono, M. Barbero, P. Breugnon, S. Godiot, T. Hemperek, F. Hügging, J. Janssen, H. Krüger, Jian Liu, P. Pangaud, I. Perić, D. Pohl, A. Rozanov, P. Rymaszewski, N. Wermes
Depleted CMOS active sensors (DMAPS) are being developed for high-energy particle physics experiments in high radiation environments, such as in the ATLAS High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). Since charge collection by drift is mandatory for harsh radiation environment, the application of high bias voltage to high resistive sensor material is needed. In this work, a prototype of a DMAPS was fabricated in a 150nm CMOS process on a substrate with a resistivity of >2 kΩ·cm that was thinned to 100 μm. Full depletion occurs around 20V, which is far below the breakdown voltage of 110 V. A readout chip has been attached for fast triggered readout. Presented prototype also uses a concept of sub-pixel en/decoding three pixels of the prototype chip are readout by one pixel of the readout chip. Since radiation tolerance is one of the largest concerns in DMAPS, the CCPD_LF chip has been irradiated with X-rays and neutrons up to a total ionization dose of 50 Mrad and a fluence of 1015neq/cm2, respectively.
{"title":"Characterization of fully depleted CMOS active pixel sensors on high resistivity substrates for use in a high radiation environment","authors":"T. Hirono, M. Barbero, P. Breugnon, S. Godiot, T. Hemperek, F. Hügging, J. Janssen, H. Krüger, Jian Liu, P. Pangaud, I. Perić, D. Pohl, A. Rozanov, P. Rymaszewski, N. Wermes","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069902","url":null,"abstract":"Depleted CMOS active sensors (DMAPS) are being developed for high-energy particle physics experiments in high radiation environments, such as in the ATLAS High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). Since charge collection by drift is mandatory for harsh radiation environment, the application of high bias voltage to high resistive sensor material is needed. In this work, a prototype of a DMAPS was fabricated in a 150nm CMOS process on a substrate with a resistivity of >2 kΩ·cm that was thinned to 100 μm. Full depletion occurs around 20V, which is far below the breakdown voltage of 110 V. A readout chip has been attached for fast triggered readout. Presented prototype also uses a concept of sub-pixel en/decoding three pixels of the prototype chip are readout by one pixel of the readout chip. Since radiation tolerance is one of the largest concerns in DMAPS, the CCPD_LF chip has been irradiated with X-rays and neutrons up to a total ionization dose of 50 Mrad and a fluence of 1015neq/cm2, respectively.","PeriodicalId":184587,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127158836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-29DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069697
P. Sibczyński, A. Dziedzic, K. Grodzicki, J. Iwanowska, T. Kosiński, M. Matusiak, M. Moszynski, L. Swiderski, A. Syntfeld-Kazuch, D. Wolski, F. Carrel, A. Grabowski, M. Hamel, F. Lainé, A. Sari, A. Iovene, C. Tintori
For several years, detection of various threats on country borders plays a significant role in the frame of Homeland Security applications. One of this threat is the illicit trafficking of nuclear materials (especially including Special Nuclear Material — SNM — 235U, 233U or 239Pu), which can be potentially used for production of nuclear weapon as well as radiological dispersal device (RDD) — known also as a “dirty bomb”. In order to detect the potentially hidden nuclear material, systems using linear accelerators and a group of detectors are developed by several scientific groups around the world. Besides solutions focusing on detection of delayed γ-rays or neutrons, also the systems dedicated for prompt neutron detection were proposed. One of the possible prompt neutron detection technique is known as Threshold Activation Detection (TAD). This technique relies on activation of 19F nuclei in the scintillator medium by fast neutrons and registration of high-energy β particles and γ-rays from the decay of reaction products (for example, 19F(n,α)16N or 19F(n,p)19O). Recent studies in the frame of the European Horizon 2020 C-BORD project showed that, despite the low 19F(n,α)16N or 19F(n,p)19 O reaction cross-section, the method could be a good solution for detection of shielded nuclear material. A benchmark of the TAD technique based on fluorine detectors with reference method focused on delayed neutron detection with 3He detectors will be presented in this paper. These experimental results were obtained using 9 MeV Varian Linatron M9 linear accelerator (LINAC).
{"title":"Comparison of prompt and delayed photofission neutron detection ttechniques using different types of radiation detectors","authors":"P. Sibczyński, A. Dziedzic, K. Grodzicki, J. Iwanowska, T. Kosiński, M. Matusiak, M. Moszynski, L. Swiderski, A. Syntfeld-Kazuch, D. Wolski, F. Carrel, A. Grabowski, M. Hamel, F. Lainé, A. Sari, A. Iovene, C. Tintori","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069697","url":null,"abstract":"For several years, detection of various threats on country borders plays a significant role in the frame of Homeland Security applications. One of this threat is the illicit trafficking of nuclear materials (especially including Special Nuclear Material — SNM — <sup>235</sup>U, <sup>233</sup>U or <sup>239</sup>Pu), which can be potentially used for production of nuclear weapon as well as radiological dispersal device (RDD) — known also as a “dirty bomb”. In order to detect the potentially hidden nuclear material, systems using linear accelerators and a group of detectors are developed by several scientific groups around the world. Besides solutions focusing on detection of delayed γ-rays or neutrons, also the systems dedicated for prompt neutron detection were proposed. One of the possible prompt neutron detection technique is known as Threshold Activation Detection (TAD). This technique relies on activation of <sup>19</sup>F nuclei in the scintillator medium by fast neutrons and registration of high-energy β particles and γ-rays from the decay of reaction products (for example, <sup>19</sup>F(n,α)<sup>16</sup>N or <sup>19</sup>F(n,p)<sup>19</sup>O). Recent studies in the frame of the European Horizon 2020 C-BORD project showed that, despite the low <sup>19</sup>F(n,α)<sup>16</sup>N or <sup>19</sup>F(n,p)<sup>19</sup> O reaction cross-section, the method could be a good solution for detection of shielded nuclear material. A benchmark of the TAD technique based on fluorine detectors with reference method focused on delayed neutron detection with <sup>3</sup>He detectors will be presented in this paper. These experimental results were obtained using 9 MeV Varian Linatron M9 linear accelerator (LINAC).","PeriodicalId":184587,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124988528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-29DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069398
M. Gallin-Martel, A. Bes, A. Boukhémiri, G. Bosson, J. Collot, D. Dauvergne, M. Fontana, L. Gallin-Martel, A. Gorecki, J. Hostachy, J. Krimmer, A. Lacoste, S. Marcatili, J. Morse, J. Muraz, F. Rarbi, O. Rossetto, M. Salomé, É. Testa, M. Yamouni
The French national collaboration CLaRyS aims at the on-line monitoring of hadron therapy by means of imaging nuclear reaction products that are related to the ion range. For this purpose, the MoniDiam project is dedicated to the development of a large area detector with a high detection efficiency for the primary carbon or proton beams, giving time and position measurements at count rates greater than 100 MHz. High radiation hardness and intrinsic electronic properties make diamonds reliable and very fast detectors with a good signal to noise ratio. Commercial Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) diamonds are studied starting with plasma etch thinning and contact metallization done at the LPSC laboratory. Their applicability as particle detector is being investigated using a and β radioactive sources, 95 MeV/u carbon ion beams and short-bunched 8.5 keV photons from the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). This last facility offers unique capability of highly focused beams, the X-ray energy deposition is continuous along the irradiated detector volume. It permits us to mimic the interaction of single ion beams. The possible application of diamonds as a position sensitive detector will be discussed from these radiation tests results. Finally, we focused on the diamond time response and energy resolution measurements. The reported study prefigures dedicated microelectronics developments.
{"title":"Large area polycrystalline diamond detectors for online hadron therapy beam tagging applications","authors":"M. Gallin-Martel, A. Bes, A. Boukhémiri, G. Bosson, J. Collot, D. Dauvergne, M. Fontana, L. Gallin-Martel, A. Gorecki, J. Hostachy, J. Krimmer, A. Lacoste, S. Marcatili, J. Morse, J. Muraz, F. Rarbi, O. Rossetto, M. Salomé, É. Testa, M. Yamouni","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069398","url":null,"abstract":"The French national collaboration CLaRyS aims at the on-line monitoring of hadron therapy by means of imaging nuclear reaction products that are related to the ion range. For this purpose, the MoniDiam project is dedicated to the development of a large area detector with a high detection efficiency for the primary carbon or proton beams, giving time and position measurements at count rates greater than 100 MHz. High radiation hardness and intrinsic electronic properties make diamonds reliable and very fast detectors with a good signal to noise ratio. Commercial Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) diamonds are studied starting with plasma etch thinning and contact metallization done at the LPSC laboratory. Their applicability as particle detector is being investigated using a and β radioactive sources, 95 MeV/u carbon ion beams and short-bunched 8.5 keV photons from the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). This last facility offers unique capability of highly focused beams, the X-ray energy deposition is continuous along the irradiated detector volume. It permits us to mimic the interaction of single ion beams. The possible application of diamonds as a position sensitive detector will be discussed from these radiation tests results. Finally, we focused on the diamond time response and energy resolution measurements. The reported study prefigures dedicated microelectronics developments.","PeriodicalId":184587,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132970670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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