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Photoacoustic imaging for microcirculation 用于微循环的光声成像
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12776
Shubham Mirg, Kevin L. Turner, Haoyang Chen, Patrick J. Drew, Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli

Microcirculation facilitates the blood-tissue exchange of nutrients and regulates blood perfusion. It is, therefore, essential in maintaining tissue health. Aberrations in microcirculation are potentially indicative of underlying cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies. Thus, quantitative information about it is of great clinical relevance. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a capable technique that relies on the generation of imaging contrast via the absorption of light and can image at micron-scale resolution. PAI is especially desirable to map microvasculature as hemoglobin strongly absorbs light and can generate a photoacoustic signal. This paper reviews the current state of the art for imaging microvascular networks using photoacoustic imaging. We further describe how quantitative information about blood dynamics such as the total hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, and blood flow rate is obtained using PAI. We also discuss its importance in understanding key pathophysiological processes in neurovascular, cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and cancer research fields. We then discuss the current challenges and limitations of PAI and the approaches that can help overcome these limitations. Finally, we provide the reader with an overview of future trends in the field of PAI for imaging microcirculation.

微循环促进血液组织交换营养物质,调节血液灌注。因此,它对维持组织健康是必不可少的。微循环异常可能表明潜在的心血管和代谢疾病。因此,关于它的定量信息具有重要的临床意义。光声成像(PAI)是一种依靠光吸收产生成像对比度并能以微米级分辨率成像的技术。PAI特别适合用于绘制微血管图,因为血红蛋白强烈吸收光并能产生光声信号。本文综述了利用光声成像技术对微血管网络进行成像的最新进展。我们进一步描述了如何定量信息的血液动力学,如总血红蛋白浓度,血氧饱和度和血流速率是如何使用PAI获得的。我们还讨论了它在理解神经血管、心血管、眼科和癌症研究领域的关键病理生理过程中的重要性。然后,我们讨论了PAI当前面临的挑战和局限性,以及有助于克服这些局限性的方法。最后,我们向读者概述了PAI成像微循环领域的未来趋势。
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引用次数: 5
Effect of the snake venom component crotamine on lymphatic endothelial cell responses and lymph transport 蛇毒成分克罗胺对淋巴内皮细胞反应和淋巴运输的影响
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12775
Hongjiang Si, Chunhiu Yin, Wei Wang, Peter Davies, Elda Sanchez, Montamas Suntravat, David Zawieja, Walter Cromer

Objective

The pathology of snake envenomation is closely tied to the severity of edema in the tissue surrounding the area of the bite. Elucidating the mechanisms that promote the development of such severe edema is critical to a better understanding of how to treat this life-threatening injury. We focused on one of the most abundant venom components in North American viper venom, crotamine, and the effects it has on the cells and function of the lymphatic system.

Methods

We used RT-PCR to identify the location and relative abundance of crotamine's cellular targets (Kvα channels) within the tissues and cells of the lymphatic system. We used calcium flux, nitrate production, and cell morphometry to determine the effects of crotamine on lymphatic endothelial cells. We used tracer transport, node morphometry, and node deposition to determine the effects of crotamine on lymph transport in vivo.

Results

We found that genes that encode targets of crotamine are highly present in lymphatic tissues and cells and that there is a differential distribution of those genes that correlates with phasic contractile activity. We found that crotamine potentiates calcium flux in human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells in response to stimulation with histamine and sheer stress (but not alone) and that it alters the production of nitric oxide in response to shear as well as changes the level of F-actin polymerization of those same cells. Crotamine alters lymphatic transport of large molecular weight tracers to local lymph nodes and is deposited within the node mostly in the immediate subcapsular region.

Conclusion

This evidence suggests that snake venom components may have an impact on the function of the lymphatic system. This needs to be studied in greater detail as there are numerous venom components that may have effects on aspects of the lymphatic system. This would not only provide basic information on the pathobiology of snakebite but also provide targets for improved therapeutics to treat snakebite.

目的蛇中毒的病理与被咬部位周围组织水肿的严重程度密切相关。阐明促进这种严重水肿发展的机制对于更好地理解如何治疗这种危及生命的损伤至关重要。我们专注于北美毒蛇毒液中最丰富的毒液成分之一,克罗胺,以及它对淋巴系统细胞和功能的影响。方法利用RT-PCR技术鉴定了克罗米胺的细胞靶点(Kvα通道)在淋巴系统组织和细胞中的位置和相对丰度。我们使用钙通量、硝酸盐生成和细胞形态测定法来确定克罗米胺对淋巴内皮细胞的影响。我们使用示踪剂运输、淋巴结形态测定和淋巴结沉积来确定克罗米胺对体内淋巴运输的影响。结果我们发现,在淋巴组织和细胞中,编码克罗米胺靶标的基因大量存在,并且这些基因与相收缩活性相关的分布存在差异。我们发现,在组胺和纯应激刺激下(但不是单独的),克罗米胺增强了人真皮淋巴内皮细胞中的钙通量,并改变了对剪切反应的一氧化氮的产生,以及改变了这些细胞的f -肌动蛋白聚合水平。克罗米胺改变大分子量示踪剂到局部淋巴结的淋巴运输,并在淋巴结内沉积,主要在紧邻的包膜下区域。结论蛇毒成分可能对淋巴系统功能有影响。这需要更详细地研究,因为有许多毒液成分可能对淋巴系统的各个方面产生影响。这不仅为蛇咬伤的病理生物学提供了基本信息,而且为改进蛇咬伤的治疗方法提供了靶点。
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引用次数: 5
Endothelial cell membrane cholesterol content regulates the contribution of TRPV4 channels in ACh-induced vasodilation in rat gracilis arteries 内皮细胞膜胆固醇含量调节TRPV4通道在乙酰胆碱诱导大鼠股薄动脉血管舒张中的作用
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12774
Emily E. Morin, Sophia Salbato, Benjimen R. Walker, Jay S. Naik

Objective

Our previous work demonstrated that endothelial cell (EC) membrane cholesterol is reduced following 48 h of chronic hypoxia (CH). CH couples endothelial transient receptor potential subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) channels to muscarinic receptor signaling through an endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) pathway does not present in control animals. TRVPV4 channel activity has been shown to be regulated by membrane cholesterol. Hence, we hypothesize that acute manipulation of endothelial cell membrane cholesterol inversely determines the contribution of TRPV4 channels to endothelium-dependent vasodilation.

Methods

Male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to ambient atmospheric (atm.) pressure or 48-h of hypoxia (0.5 atm). Vasodilation to acetylcholine (ACh) was determined using pressure myography in gracilis arteries. EC membrane cholesterol was depleted using methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) and supplemented with MβCD-cholesterol.

Results

Inhibiting TRPV4 did not affect ACh-induced vasodilation in normoxic controls. However, TRPV4 inhibition reduced resting diameter in control arteries suggesting basal activity. TRPV4 contributes to ACh-induced vasodilation in these arteries when EC membrane cholesterol is depleted. Inhibiting TRPV4 attenuated ACh-induced vasodilation in arteries from CH animals that exhibit lower EC membrane cholesterol than normoxic controls. EC cholesterol repletion in arteries from CH animals abolished the contribution of TRPV4 to ACh-induced vasodilation.

Conclusion

Endothelial cell membrane cholesterol impedes the contribution of TRPV4 channels in EDH-mediated dilation. These results provide additional evidence for the importance of plasma membrane cholesterol content in regulating intracellular signaling and vascular function.

目的我们之前的研究表明,慢性缺氧(CH) 48小时后内皮细胞(EC)膜胆固醇降低。CH偶联内皮瞬时受体电位亚家族V成员4 (TRPV4)通道通过内皮依赖性超极化(EDH)途径传递毒毒碱受体信号,在对照动物中不存在。TRVPV4通道活性已被证明受膜胆固醇调节。因此,我们假设内皮细胞膜胆固醇的急性操纵与TRPV4通道对内皮依赖性血管舒张的贡献相反。方法雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠暴露于环境大气压(atm)或缺氧48 h (0.5 atm)。用压力肌图测定股薄肌动脉对乙酰胆碱(ACh)的血管舒张。用甲基β-环糊精(m -β- cd)去除EC膜胆固醇,并添加m -β cd -胆固醇。结果抑制TRPV4对乙酰胆碱所致的血管舒张无影响。然而,TRPV4抑制降低了对照动脉的静息直径,提示基础活性。当EC膜胆固醇耗尽时,TRPV4有助于乙酰胆碱诱导的这些动脉血管舒张。抑制TRPV4可减弱乙酰胆碱诱导的动脉血管舒张,这些动物的EC膜胆固醇低于正常氧合对照组。CH动物动脉中EC胆固醇的补充消除了TRPV4对乙酰胆碱诱导的血管舒张的作用。结论内皮细胞膜胆固醇阻碍了TRPV4通道在edh介导的扩张中的作用。这些结果为质膜胆固醇含量在调节细胞内信号和血管功能中的重要性提供了额外的证据。
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引用次数: 1
Retinal vascular profile in predicting incident cardiometabolic diseases among individuals with diabetes 视网膜血管特征预测糖尿病患者心血管代谢疾病的发生
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12772
Bjorn Kaijun Betzler, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Yih-Chung Tham, Carol Y. Cheung, Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien-Yin Wong, Simon Nusinovici

Objective

To determine the longitudinal associations between retinal vascular profile (RVP) and four major cardiometabolic diseases; and to quantify the predictive improvements when adding RVP beyond traditional risk factors in individuals with diabetes.

Methods

Subjects were enrolled from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease (SEED) study, a multi-ethnic population-based cohort. Four incident cardiometabolic diseases, calculated over a ~ 6-year period, were considered: cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension (HTN), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and hyperlipidemia (HLD). The RVP—vessel tortuosity, branching angle, branching coefficient, fractal dimension, vessel caliber, and DR status—was characterized at baseline using a computer-assisted program. Traditional risk factors at baseline included age, gender, ethnicity, smoking, blood pressure (BP), HbA1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), or cholesterol. The improvements in predictive performance when adding RVP (compared with only traditional risk factors) was calculated using several metrics including area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and net reclassification improvement (NRI).

Results

Among 1770 individuals with diabetes, incidences were 6.3% (n = 79/1259) for CVD, 48.7% (n = 166/341) for HTN, 14.6% (n = 175/1199) for DKD, and 59.4% (n = 336/566) for HLD. DR preceded the onset of CVD (RR 1.85[1.14;3.00]) and DKD (1.44 [1.06;1.96]). Narrower arteriolar caliber preceding the onset of HTN (0.84 [0.72;0.99]), and changes in arteriolar branching angle preceded the onset of CVD (0.78 [0.62;0.98]) and HTN (1.15 [1.03;1.29]). The largest predictive improvement was found for HTN with AUC increment of 3.4% (p = .027) and better reclassification of 11.4% of the cases and 4.6% of the controls (p = .008).

Conclusion

We found that RVPs improved the prediction of HTN in individuals with diabetes, but add limited information for CVD, DKD, and HLD predictions.

目的探讨视网膜血管剖面(RVP)与四种主要心脏代谢疾病的纵向关系;并量化在糖尿病患者中添加RVP超出传统风险因素时的预测性改善。方法从新加坡眼病流行病学(SEED)研究中招募受试者,这是一项基于多民族人群的队列研究。在6年的时间里,我们考虑了四种突发的心脏代谢疾病:心血管疾病(CVD)、高血压(HTN)、糖尿病肾病(DKD)和高脂血症(HLD)。rvp(血管弯曲度、分支角度、分支系数、分形维数、血管口径和DR状态)在基线时使用计算机辅助程序进行表征。传统的基线危险因素包括年龄、性别、种族、吸烟、血压(BP)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)或胆固醇。当添加RVP时(与仅使用传统风险因素相比),预测性能的改善使用几个指标进行计算,包括受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)和净重分类改善(NRI)。结果在1770例糖尿病患者中,CVD患病率为6.3% (n = 79/1259), HTN患病率为48.7% (n = 166/341), DKD患病率为14.6% (n = 175/1199), HLD患病率为59.4% (n = 336/566)。DR先于CVD发生(RR为1.85[1.14;3.00]),DKD为1.44[1.06;1.96])。小动脉口径变窄先于HTN(0.84[0.72;0.99]),小动脉分支角度的改变先于CVD(0.78[0.62;0.98])和HTN(1.15[1.03;1.29])的发生。HTN的预测改善最大,AUC增加3.4% (p = 0.027), 11.4%的病例和4.6%的对照组的重新分类得到改善(p = 0.008)。结论:我们发现RVPs改善了糖尿病患者HTN的预测,但对CVD、DKD和HLD的预测增加了有限的信息。
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引用次数: 3
Peripheral endothelial and microvascular damage in liver cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis 肝硬化外周内皮和微血管损伤:一项系统综述和荟萃分析
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12773
Ioanna Papagiouvanni, Marieta P. Theodorakopoulou, Pantelis A. Sarafidis, Emmanouil Sinakos, Ioannis Goulis

Objective

This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using any available functional method to examine differences in peripheral endothelial function between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic individuals.

Methods

Literature search involved PubMed, Web-of-Science, and Scopus databases, as well as gray literature sources. We included studies in adult subjects evaluating endothelial function with any semi-invasive or non-invasive functional method in patients with and without liver cirrhosis.

Results

From 3378 records initially retrieved, 15 studies with a total of 570 participants were included in the final quantitative meta-analysis. In six studies examining endothelial function with flow-mediated-dilatation, no differences between patients with cirrhosis and controls were evident (WMD: 1.33, 95%CI [−2.87, 5.53], I2 = 97%, p < .00001). Among studies assessing differences in endothelial-dependent or endothelial-independent vasodilation with venous-occlusion-plethysmography, there were no significant differences between the two groups. When pooling all studies together, regardless of the technique used, no significant difference in endothelial function between cirrhotic patients and controls was observed(SMD: 0.79, 95%CI[−0.04, 1.63], I2 = 94%, p < .00001).

Conclusions

No differences in peripheral endothelial function assessed with semi-invasive or non-invasive functional methods exist between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic subjects. The increasing co-existence of cardiovascular risk factors leading to impaired vascular reactivity in cirrhotic patients may partly explain these findings.

目的:这是第一个系统回顾和荟萃分析的研究,使用任何可用的功能方法来检查肝硬化和非肝硬化患者外周血管内皮功能的差异。方法文献检索包括PubMed、Web-of-Science、Scopus等数据库以及灰色文献。我们纳入了成人受试者的研究,用任何半侵入性或非侵入性功能方法评估有或无肝硬化患者的内皮功能。从最初检索的3378份记录中,最终的定量荟萃分析纳入了15项研究,共570名参与者。在6项通过血流介导的扩张检查内皮功能的研究中,肝硬化患者与对照组之间无明显差异(WMD: 1.33, 95%CI [- 2.87, 5.53], I2 = 97%, p < 0.00001)。在评估内皮依赖性或内皮非依赖性血管舒张与静脉闭塞容积描记术的差异的研究中,两组之间没有显著差异。当将所有研究合并在一起时,无论使用何种技术,肝硬化患者和对照组之间的内皮功能没有显著差异(SMD: 0.79, 95%CI[- 0.04, 1.63], I2 = 94%, p < 0.00001)。结论:采用半侵入性或非侵入性功能方法评估的肝硬化和非肝硬化患者外周血管内皮功能无差异。导致肝硬化患者血管反应性受损的心血管危险因素的增加共存可能部分解释了这些发现。
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引用次数: 0
Nail fold microangiopathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Relation to diabetic vascular complications 青少年1型糖尿病甲襞微血管病变:与糖尿病血管并发症的关系
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12771
Abeer Ahmed Abdelmaksoud, Shaymaa Maher Daifallah, Nouran Yousef Salah, Ahmed Salah Saber

Objectives

Microangiopathy is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. Nail fold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) is an easy non-invasive tool of microvasculature assessment. This study compares the NVC changes in adolescents with Type1 diabetes (T1D) to healthy controls and correlates them to diabetic vascular complications.

Methods

Hundred thirty-five adolescents with T1D (disease duration 5 years) were compared to 135 matched controls. Diabetes duration, insulin therapy, fundus, and Toronto clinical scoring system (TCSS) were assessed. Fasting lipids, fraction-C of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), nerve conduction velocity, and NVC were performed.

Results

NVC changes were found in 120 adolescents with T1D (88.8%). These changes were significantly higher in adolescents with T1D than controls (p < .001). Significant positive relation was found between NVC changes and TCSS (p = .006), diabetes duration (p = .001), HbA1C (0.008), cholesterol (p = .011), LDL (0.016), UACR (p < .001), and nerve conduction velocity (p < .001). Multivariate logistic regression study revealed that diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy were independently associated with NVC changes (p < .001 and p = .007, respectively).

Conclusion

Adolescents with T1D have significantly higher NVC changes than controls. These changes were more evident in those having vascular complications than those without. Thus, NVC can be a potential non-invasive tool for early assessment and follow-up of the microvasculature among adolescents with T1D.

目的微血管病变与糖尿病血管并发症的发病有关。甲襞视频毛细血管镜(NVC)是一种简便、无创的微血管评估工具。本研究比较了青少年1型糖尿病(T1D)与健康对照组的NVC变化,并将其与糖尿病血管并发症联系起来。方法将135名青少年T1D患者(病程5年)与135名匹配对照进行比较。评估糖尿病病程、胰岛素治疗、眼底和多伦多临床评分系统(TCSS)。测定空腹血脂、糖化血红蛋白c分(HbA1C)、尿白蛋白肌酐比(UACR)、神经传导速度、NVC。结果青少年T1D患者中NVC改变120例(88.8%)。这些变化在青少年T1D患者中显著高于对照组(p < .001)。NVC变化与TCSS (p = 0.006)、糖尿病病程(p = 0.001)、HbA1C(0.008)、胆固醇(p = 0.011)、LDL(0.016)、UACR (p < 0.001)、神经传导速度(p < 0.001)呈正相关。多因素logistic回归研究显示,糖尿病肾病和神经病变与NVC变化独立相关(p <0.001和p = .007)。结论青少年T1D患者的NVC变化明显高于对照组。这些变化在有血管并发症的患者中比没有血管并发症的患者更明显。因此,NVC可以作为一种潜在的非侵入性工具,用于T1D青少年微血管的早期评估和随访。
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引用次数: 3
Engineering approaches to investigate the roles of lymphatics vessels in rheumatoid arthritis 工程方法研究淋巴管在类风湿关节炎中的作用
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12769
Samantha E. Kraus, Esak Lee

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory joint disorders. While our understanding of the autoimmune processes that lead to synovial degradation has improved, a majority of patients are still resistant to current treatments and require new therapeutics. An understudied and promising area for therapy involves the roles of lymphatic vessels (LVs) in RA progression, which has been observed to have a significant effect on mediating chronic inflammation. RA disease progression has been shown to correlate with dramatic changes in LV structure and interstitial fluid drainage, manifesting in the retention of distinct immune cell phenotypes within the synovium. Advances in dynamic imaging technologies have demonstrated that LVs in RA undergo an initial expansion phase of increased LVs and abnormal contractions followed by a collapsed phase of reduced lymphatic function and immune cell clearance in vivo. However, current animal models of RA fail to decouple biological and biophysical factors that might be responsible for this lymphatic dysfunction in RA, and a few attempted in vitro models of the synovium in RA have not yet included the contributions from the LVs. Various methods of replicating LVs in vitro have been developed to study lymphatic biology, but these have yet not been integrated into the RA context. This review discusses the roles of LVs in RA and the current engineering approaches to improve our understanding of lymphatic pathophysiology in RA.

类风湿性关节炎(RA)是最常见的慢性炎症性关节疾病之一。虽然我们对导致滑膜退化的自身免疫过程的了解有所改善,但大多数患者仍然对当前的治疗有抗药性,需要新的治疗方法。淋巴血管(lv)在类风湿关节炎进展中的作用是一个尚未得到充分研究和有前景的治疗领域,它在介导慢性炎症方面具有重要作用。RA疾病进展已被证明与左室结构和间质液引流的剧烈变化相关,表现为滑膜内不同免疫细胞表型的保留。动态成像技术的进步表明,RA中的lv经历了初始的扩张阶段,即lv增加和异常收缩,随后是体内淋巴功能和免疫细胞清除减少的崩溃阶段。然而,目前的RA动物模型未能分离可能导致RA淋巴功能障碍的生物和生物物理因素,并且一些尝试的RA滑膜体外模型尚未包括lv的贡献。在体外复制lv的各种方法已经发展到研究淋巴生物学,但这些还没有被整合到RA的背景下。本文综述了lv在类风湿关节炎中的作用以及目前的工程方法,以提高我们对类风湿关节炎淋巴病理生理的认识。
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引用次数: 1
Ultrasound monitoring of microcirculation: An original study from the laboratory bench to the clinic 微循环超声监测:从实验室工作台到临床的一项原创研究
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12770
Fariba Aghabaglou, Ana Ainechi, Haley Abramson, Eli Curry, Tarana Parvez Kaovasia, Serene Kamal, Molly Acord, Smruti Mahapatra, Aliaksei Pustavoitau, Beth Smith, Javad Azadi, Jennifer K. Son, Ian Suk, Nicholas Theodore, Betty M. Tyler, Amir Manbachi

Objective

Monitoring microcirculation and visualizing microvasculature are critical for providing diagnosis to medical professionals and guiding clinical interventions. Ultrasound provides a medium for monitoring and visualization; however, there are challenges due to the complex microscale geometry of the vasculature and difficulties associated with quantifying perfusion. Here, we studied established and state-of-the-art ultrasonic modalities (using six probes) to compare their detection of slow flow in small microvasculature.

Methods

Five ultrasonic modalities were studied: grayscale, color Doppler, power Doppler, superb microvascular imaging (SMI), and microflow imaging (MFI), using six linear probes across two ultrasound scanners. Image readability was blindly scored by radiologists and quantified for evaluation. Vasculature visualization was investigated both in vitro (resolution and flow characterization) and in vivo (fingertip microvasculature detection).

Results

Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI) and Micro Flow Imaging (MFI) modalities provided superior images when compared with conventional ultrasound imaging modalities both in vitro and in vivo. The choice of probe played a significant difference in detectability. The slowest flow detected (in the lab) was 0.1885 ml/s and small microvasculature of the fingertip were visualized.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrated that SMI and MFI used with vascular probes operating at higher frequencies provided resolutions acceptable for microvasculature visualization, paving the path for future development of ultrasound devices for microcirculation monitoring.

目的微循环监测和微血管可视化对临床诊断和指导临床干预具有重要意义。超声为监测和可视化提供了媒介;然而,由于复杂的微尺度血管几何结构和定量灌注相关的困难,存在挑战。在这里,我们研究了现有的和最先进的超声模式(使用六个探头)来比较它们对小微血管慢血流的检测。方法在2台超声扫描仪上使用6个线性探头,研究5种超声模式:灰度、彩色多普勒、功率多普勒、超细微血管成像(SMI)和微流成像(MFI)。影像可读性由放射科医师盲目评分并量化评估。血管可视化研究包括体外(分辨率和血流表征)和体内(指尖微血管检测)。结果超细微血管成像(SMI)和微流成像(MFI)方式在体外和体内均能提供优于常规超声成像方式的图像。探针的选择对可探测性有显著影响。检测到的最慢流量(实验室)为0.1885 ml/s,可见指尖的小微血管。我们的数据表明,SMI和MFI与更高频率的血管探针一起使用,提供了可接受的微血管可视化分辨率,为未来微循环监测超声设备的发展铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 6
In vivo phenotyping of the microvasculature in necrotizing enterocolitis with multicontrast optical imaging 多对比光学成像研究坏死性小肠结肠炎微血管的体内表型
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12768
Janaka Senarathna, Mark Kovler, Ayush Prasad, Akanksha Bhargava, Nitish V. Thakor, Chhinder P. Sodhi, David J. Hackam, Arvind P. Pathak

Objective

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal emergency in premature infants and is characterized by a dysfunctional gut microcirculation. Therefore, there is a dire need for in vivo methods to characterize NEC-induced changes in the structure and function of the gut microcirculation, that is, its vascular phenotype. Since in vivo gut imaging methods are often slow and employ a single-contrast mechanism, we developed a rapid multicontrast imaging technique and a novel analyses pipeline for phenotyping the gut microcirculation.

Methods

Using an experimental NEC model, we acquired in vivo images of the gut microvasculature and blood flow over a 5000 × 7000 μm2 field of view at 5 μm resolution via the following two endogenous contrast mechanisms: intrinsic optical signals and laser speckles. Next, we transformed intestinal images into rectilinear “flat maps,” and delineated 1A/V gut microvessels and their perfusion territories as “intestinal vascular units” (IVUs). Employing IVUs, we quantified and visualized NEC-induced changes to the gut vascular phenotype.

Results

In vivo imaging required 60–100 s per animal. Relative to the healthy gut, NEC intestines showed a significant overall decrease (i.e. 64–72%) in perfusion, accompanied by vasoconstriction (i.e. 9–12%) and a reduction in perfusion entropy (19%)within sections of the vascular bed.

Conclusions

Multicontrast imaging coupled with IVU-based in vivo vascular phenotyping is a powerful new tool for elucidating NEC pathogenesis.

目的坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)是早产儿中最常见的胃肠道急症,其特征是肠道微循环功能障碍。因此,迫切需要体内方法来表征nec诱导的肠道微循环结构和功能的变化,即其血管表型。由于体内肠道成像方法通常很慢,并且采用单对比机制,我们开发了一种快速的多对比成像技术和一种新的分析管道,用于肠道微循环表型分析。方法利用NEC实验模型,通过本征光信号和激光斑点两种内源性对比机制,在5 μm分辨率下,在5000 × 7000 μm2视场内获取肠道微血管和血流图像。接下来,我们将肠道图像转换为直线“平面图”,并将1A/V肠道微血管及其灌注区域描绘为“肠道血管单位”(ivu)。使用ivu,我们量化和可视化nec诱导的肠道血管表型变化。结果每只动物体内成像时间为60 ~ 100 s。与健康肠道相比,NEC肠道整体灌注明显减少(64-72%),并伴有血管收缩(9-12%)和血管床切片灌注熵减少(19%)。结论多重造影结合静脉注射血管表型是研究NEC发病机制的有力新工具。
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引用次数: 2
Viewing stromal vascular fraction de novo vessel formation and association with host microvasculature using the rat mesentery culture model 利用大鼠肠系膜培养模型观察基质血管的新生血管形成及其与宿主微血管的关系
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12758
Nicholas A. Hodges, Arinola O. Lampejo, Hulan Shang, Gabrielle Rowe, Amanda Jo LeBlanc, Adam J. Katz, Walter L. Murfee

Objective

The objective of the study is to demonstrate the innovation and utility of mesenteric tissue culture for discovering the microvascular growth dynamics associated with adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) transplantation. Understanding how SVF cells contribute to de novo vessel growth (i.e., neovascularization) and host network angiogenesis motivates the need to make observations at single-cell and network levels within a tissue.

Methods

Stromal vascular fraction was isolated from the inguinal adipose of adult male Wistar rats, labeled with DiI, and seeded onto adult Wistar rat mesentery tissues. Tissues were then cultured in MEM + 10% FBS for 3 days and labeled for BSI-lectin to identify vessels. Alternatively, SVF and tissues from green fluorescent-positive (GFP) Sprague Dawley rats were used to track SVF derived versus host vasculature.

Results

Stromal vascular fraction-treated tissues displayed a dramatically increased vascularized area compared to untreated tissues. DiI and GFP+ tracking of SVF identified neovascularization involving initial segment formation, radial outgrowth from central hub-like structures, and connection of segments. Neovascularization was also supported by the formation of segments in previously avascular areas. New segments characteristic of SVF neovessels contained endothelial cells and pericytes. Additionally, a subset of SVF cells displayed the ability to associate with host vessels and the presence of SVF increased host network angiogenesis.

Conclusions

The results showcase the use of the rat mesentery culture model as a novel tool for elucidating SVF cell transplant dynamics and highlight the impact of model selection for visualization.

目的探讨肠系膜组织培养在脂肪源性间质血管组分(SVF)移植相关的微血管生长动力学方面的创新和应用。了解SVF细胞如何促进新生血管生长(即新生血管)和宿主网络血管生成,促使我们需要在组织内的单细胞和网络水平上进行观察。方法从成年雄性Wistar大鼠腹股沟脂肪中分离基质血管部分,用DiI标记,植入成年Wistar大鼠肠系膜组织。然后将组织在MEM + 10%胎牛血清中培养3天,并标记bsi -凝集素以识别血管。或者,使用绿色荧光阳性(GFP)斯普拉格-道利大鼠的SVF和组织来追踪SVF对宿主脉管系统的影响。结果基质血管组分处理后的组织血管化面积明显大于未处理的组织。SVF的DiI和GFP+跟踪鉴定了新生血管形成,包括初始节段形成、中央轮毂样结构的径向生长和节段连接。在先前无血管区形成的节段也支持新生血管的形成。SVF新血管特征的新节段包含内皮细胞和周细胞。此外,SVF细胞的一个子集显示出与宿主血管结合的能力,并且SVF的存在增加了宿主网络血管生成。结论大鼠肠系膜培养模型是一种阐明SVF细胞移植动力学的新工具,并强调了模型选择对可视化的影响。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Microcirculation
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