Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1007/s11661-024-07505-6
Yu. V. Gamin, T. K. Akopyan, A. V. Skugorev, X. D. Nguyen, M. B. Savonkin, A. S. Prosviryakov, A. S. Fortuna, V. V. Cheverikin
The evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–5.76Zn–1.77Mg–0.33Fe−0.45Ni (wt pct) alloy bars produced by hot extrusion (HE) followed by radial shear rolling (RSR) and heat treatment (quenching + aging) has been studied. The results show that the suggested thermomechanical treatment (TMT) allows one to produce a specific type of microstructure. HE provides for defect-free deformation of the initial cast structure, while RSR leads to the formation of a fine microstructure due to unique temperature–strain conditions. During deformation, insoluble Al9NiFe eutectic phase crystals are refined to a size of about 100 nm. These crystals are localized along the grain and subgrain boundaries and act as effective barriers to the migration of high-angle and low-angle grain boundaries. As a result, the formation of a deformed structure with an extensive network of low-angle grain boundaries (especially in the near-surface region where the equivalent strain is about 15) is observed in the central part and in the near-surface region of the obtained bars. The formation of a structure with an average characteristic subgrain size (~ 2 to 3 μm) comparable to that of grains produced by severe plastic deformation processes provides for a favorable combination of mechanical properties (UTS ~ 416 MPa, YS ~ 293 MPa, δ ~ 8.4 pct), which are comparable to the mechanical properties of a similar alloy after equal channel angular pressing.
{"title":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Ni–Fe Alloy Processed by Hot Extrusion and Subsequent Radial Shear Rolling","authors":"Yu. V. Gamin, T. K. Akopyan, A. V. Skugorev, X. D. Nguyen, M. B. Savonkin, A. S. Prosviryakov, A. S. Fortuna, V. V. Cheverikin","doi":"10.1007/s11661-024-07505-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-024-07505-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–5.76Zn–1.77Mg–0.33Fe−0.45Ni (wt pct) alloy bars produced by hot extrusion (HE) followed by radial shear rolling (RSR) and heat treatment (quenching + aging) has been studied. The results show that the suggested thermomechanical treatment (TMT) allows one to produce a specific type of microstructure. HE provides for defect-free deformation of the initial cast structure, while RSR leads to the formation of a fine microstructure due to unique temperature–strain conditions. During deformation, insoluble Al<sub>9</sub>NiFe eutectic phase crystals are refined to a size of about 100 nm. These crystals are localized along the grain and subgrain boundaries and act as effective barriers to the migration of high-angle and low-angle grain boundaries. As a result, the formation of a deformed structure with an extensive network of low-angle grain boundaries (especially in the near-surface region where the equivalent strain is about 15) is observed in the central part and in the near-surface region of the obtained bars. The formation of a structure with an average characteristic subgrain size (~ 2 to 3 <i>μ</i>m) comparable to that of grains produced by severe plastic deformation processes provides for a favorable combination of mechanical properties (UTS ~ 416 MPa, YS ~ 293 MPa, <i>δ</i> ~ 8.4 pct), which are comparable to the mechanical properties of a similar alloy after equal channel angular pressing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18504,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141566999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-06DOI: 10.1007/s11661-024-07497-3
Jiaxing Sun, Cuiping Guo, Changrong Li, Zhenmin Du
The construction of the experimental liquidus surface projection and isothermal sections of the Co–V–Zr ternary system was based on the analyses of solidification microstructures and phase constituents. A new compound τ with Cr0.5Fe1.5Zr-type was identified, and the measured composition range of Zr in τ was ∼ 28.6 to 57.3 at. pct and 32.9 to 56.8 at. pct at 1100 °C and 1000 °C, respectively. The liquidus surface projection identified nine primary solidification areas, while two primary solidification areas were inferred from binary diagrams. Moreover, eight and ten three-phase equilibria were determined at 1100 °C and 1000 °C, respectively. The measured solubility of V in Co23Zr6, Co2Zr and CoZr reached ~ 0.5, 7.6 and 4.1 at. pct at 1100 °C. Meanwhile, the solubility of V in Co23Zr6, Co2Zr, CoZr and CoZr2 was measured to be ~ 0.4, 7.6, 1.6 and 3.6 at. pct at 1000 °C. The solubility of Zr in Co2V3 was ~ 3.6 at. pct at 1100 °C, while the solubility of Zr in Co3V, Co2V3 and CoV3 was determined ~ 1.3, 3.0 and 4.5 at. pct at 1000 °C, respectively. The experimental data can help improve the thermodynamic parameters of the Co–V–Zr system and advance the development of databases for multi-component Co-based superalloys.
{"title":"Experimental Determination of the Isothermal Sections and Liquidus Surface Projection of the Co–V–Zr System","authors":"Jiaxing Sun, Cuiping Guo, Changrong Li, Zhenmin Du","doi":"10.1007/s11661-024-07497-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-024-07497-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The construction of the experimental liquidus surface projection and isothermal sections of the Co–V–Zr ternary system was based on the analyses of solidification microstructures and phase constituents. A new compound τ with Cr<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>1.5</sub>Zr-type was identified, and the measured composition range of Zr in τ was ∼ 28.6 to 57.3 at. pct and 32.9 to 56.8 at. pct at 1100 °C and 1000 °C, respectively. The liquidus surface projection identified nine primary solidification areas, while two primary solidification areas were inferred from binary diagrams. Moreover, eight and ten three-phase equilibria were determined at 1100 °C and 1000 °C, respectively. The measured solubility of V in Co<sub>23</sub>Zr<sub>6</sub>, Co<sub>2</sub>Zr and CoZr reached ~ 0.5, 7.6 and 4.1 at. pct at 1100 °C. Meanwhile, the solubility of V in Co<sub>23</sub>Zr<sub>6</sub>, Co<sub>2</sub>Zr, CoZr and CoZr<sub>2</sub> was measured to be ~ 0.4, 7.6, 1.6 and 3.6 at. pct at 1000 °C. The solubility of Zr in Co<sub>2</sub>V<sub>3</sub> was ~ 3.6 at. pct at 1100 °C, while the solubility of Zr in Co<sub>3</sub>V, Co<sub>2</sub>V<sub>3</sub> and CoV<sub>3</sub> was determined ~ 1.3, 3.0 and 4.5 at. pct at 1000 °C, respectively. The experimental data can help improve the thermodynamic parameters of the Co–V–Zr system and advance the development of databases for multi-component Co-based superalloys.</p>","PeriodicalId":18504,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1007/s11661-024-07493-7
Haijun Pan, Chaofan Wei, Shunhu Zhang, Wenhao Zhou, Zhiqiang Wu, Lin Liu, Yi Zhao
In this paper, the tensile properties, texture evolution, and deformation anisotropy of a cold-rolled Fe−0.3C–6.86Mn–3.5Al steel during superplastic deformation at 650 °C–750 °C and 0.25 × 10−3 s−1− 4 × 10−3 s−1 were studied. In particular, under 750 °C and 1 × 10−3 s−1, the anisotropic microstructure evolution and texture characteristics were measured using EBSD. The results indicate that Medium Mn steel (MMS) sheets exhibit significant anisotropy under high tensile stress. The transverse direction (TD) specimens exhibit the highest peak strength of 145 MPa, and rolling direction (RD) specimens exhibit the highest elongation of 1295 pct. The plastic anisotropy r value of the RD sample varied more significantly than that of the TD sample. When the RD sample fractures, the aspect ratio reaches its minimum value (1.52), and ellipse fitting angle (θ) distributes from 0 to 90 degree and from 180 to 90 degree, which indicates that a large number of grains have undergone rotation.
{"title":"Microstructure-Superplastic Properties Relationship and Deformation Mechanism in a Novel Dual-Phase Medium Mn Steel: The Effect of Microstructure Anisotropy and Texture","authors":"Haijun Pan, Chaofan Wei, Shunhu Zhang, Wenhao Zhou, Zhiqiang Wu, Lin Liu, Yi Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11661-024-07493-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-024-07493-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, the tensile properties, texture evolution, and deformation anisotropy of a cold-rolled Fe−0.3C–6.86Mn–3.5Al steel during superplastic deformation at 650 °C–750 °C and 0.25 × 10<sup>−3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>− 4 × 10<sup>−3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> were studied. In particular, under 750 °C and 1 × 10<sup>−3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, the anisotropic microstructure evolution and texture characteristics were measured using EBSD. The results indicate that Medium Mn steel (MMS) sheets exhibit significant anisotropy under high tensile stress. The transverse direction (TD) specimens exhibit the highest peak strength of 145 MPa, and rolling direction (RD) specimens exhibit the highest elongation of 1295 pct. The plastic anisotropy <i>r</i> value of the RD sample varied more significantly than that of the TD sample. When the RD sample fractures, the aspect ratio reaches its minimum value (1.52), and ellipse fitting angle (θ) distributes from 0 to 90 degree and from 180 to 90 degree, which indicates that a large number of grains have undergone rotation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18504,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1007/s11661-024-07494-6
Jie Hu, Chuang-wei Wang, Zheng-rong Li, Han Zeng, Yi-cong Lei, Zheng-hua Tang
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of titanium on the corrosion characteristics of bridge weathering steel plates in marine environments. The corrosion characteristics of steel containing different Ti additions were studied by simulating marine corrosion by cycles of the dry and wet environments. The addition of appropriate amounts of Ti can promote the production of γ-Fe2O3, which produces a protective rust layer. Steel containing 0.087 wt pct Ti, gave the best results. During long-term dry/wet cyclic corrosion experiments, the corrosion rate of the #0.087Ti steel first accelerated when a protective product layer has not completely covered the surface. The surface of the #0.087Ti steel was only fully covered after 144 hours of testing. With the further extension of periodic immersion testing the corrosion rate began to decrease gradually. After 576 hours of testing a stable protective product layer formed on the #0.087Ti steel, limiting further corrosion.
本研究旨在评估钛对海洋环境中桥梁耐候钢板腐蚀特性的影响。通过模拟干湿环境循环的海洋腐蚀,研究了不同钛添加量钢板的腐蚀特性。添加适量的 Ti 可以促进 γ-Fe2O3 的生成,从而产生保护性锈层。含 0.087 wt pct Ti 的钢材效果最好。在长期干/湿循环腐蚀实验中,当保护层尚未完全覆盖表面时,#0.087Ti 钢的腐蚀速度首先加快。0.087Ti 号钢的表面在测试 144 小时后才被完全覆盖。随着定期浸泡测试时间的进一步延长,腐蚀速度开始逐渐降低。测试 576 小时后,0.087Ti 号钢表面形成了稳定的产品保护层,限制了进一步的腐蚀。
{"title":"A Study on the Corrosion Behavior of Ti-Containing Weathering Steel in a Simulated Marine Environment","authors":"Jie Hu, Chuang-wei Wang, Zheng-rong Li, Han Zeng, Yi-cong Lei, Zheng-hua Tang","doi":"10.1007/s11661-024-07494-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-024-07494-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of titanium on the corrosion characteristics of bridge weathering steel plates in marine environments. The corrosion characteristics of steel containing different Ti additions were studied by simulating marine corrosion by cycles of the dry and wet environments. The addition of appropriate amounts of Ti can promote the production of γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, which produces a protective rust layer. Steel containing 0.087 wt pct Ti, gave the best results. During long-term dry/wet cyclic corrosion experiments, the corrosion rate of the #0.087Ti steel first accelerated when a protective product layer has not completely covered the surface. The surface of the #0.087Ti steel was only fully covered after 144 hours of testing. With the further extension of periodic immersion testing the corrosion rate began to decrease gradually. After 576 hours of testing a stable protective product layer formed on the #0.087Ti steel, limiting further corrosion.</p>","PeriodicalId":18504,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1007/s11661-024-07495-5
Junjie Ma, Ming Zhong, Mingyang Cao, Xiaobo Yuan, Imants Kaldre, Cong Wang
EH36 shipbuilding steels with varied Ti contents have been designed to investigate the roles of Ti upon inclusion evolution and microstructural characteristics. As the Ti content increases, the number density of Ti-containing inclusions appreciably multiplies, and corresponding area fraction of acicular ferrite boosts sharply from 5.0 to 29.9 pct. Additionally, through in-situ confocal scanning laser microscopy, it is clarified that acicular ferrite start temperature has been elevated, thanks to the population of Ti-containing inclusions.
{"title":"Elucidating Inclusion-Induced Microstructural Responses of EH36 Shipbuilding Steels with Varied Ti Contents","authors":"Junjie Ma, Ming Zhong, Mingyang Cao, Xiaobo Yuan, Imants Kaldre, Cong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11661-024-07495-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-024-07495-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>EH36 shipbuilding steels with varied Ti contents have been designed to investigate the roles of Ti upon inclusion evolution and microstructural characteristics. As the Ti content increases, the number density of Ti-containing inclusions appreciably multiplies, and corresponding area fraction of acicular ferrite boosts sharply from 5.0 to 29.9 pct. Additionally, through <i>in-situ</i> confocal scanning laser microscopy, it is clarified that acicular ferrite start temperature has been elevated, thanks to the population of Ti-containing inclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18504,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1007/s11661-024-07484-8
Qi Wei, Shangzhe Du, Pulin Nie, Chengwu Yao, Jian Huang
Nickel-based superalloys with high Al + Ti content are considered non-weldable, and hot cracking is a major challenge in their thermal fabrication processes. In this study, the microstructure liquefaction characteristics and liquation cracking behavior of laser-remelted as-cast K447A superalloy have been investigated. In the heat-affected zone (HAZ), the special liquefaction phenomenon of the coarse script carbides consists of cracking, breakdown, and liquefaction successively. The whole liquefaction sequence observed in the as-cast K447A substrate encompasses: IMRs (Ni7Hf2-γ + γ–γ′ + M5B3-γ), primary γ′, MC-γ, matrix γ, and MC phases. Liquefaction of IMRs during the laser thermal cycle easily forms a continuous liquid film and evolves into liquation cracking. In the remelted zone (RZ), the fine MC particles and IMRs just form isolated liquefaction points. These isolated liquefaction points are interconnected due to micro-cracks generated by thermal stresses and solidification shrinkage stresses. Finally, crack-free remelted specimens have been obtained by process optimization and preheating the substrate. The tensile strength and elongation of the RZ are increased by 32 and 227 pct, which is beneficial for the RZ acting as a buffer layer to relax or inhibit the stress and cracks generated by subsequent additive repair of K447A.