Ground beef consumption in the United States accounts for over half of total beef consumption and is included in a variety of products from tacos to chili to hamburgers (Greene 2012; National Cattlemen’s Beef Association 2009, 2012; Peel, 2012). The importance of ground beef to U.S. consumers is reflected in the number of restaurants that include hamburgers on their menus as well as the different types of hamburgers offered. Despite the slow economic recovery that has been occurring over the past few years, quick-service restaurants focusing on serving quality hamburgers have been expanding across the country. This is in addition to better known chains such as McDonald’s and Wendy’s periodically updating their hamburger offerings to boost sales which reflects the latest trends present among consumers. Although ground beef consumption accounts for over half of total beef consumption, it accounts for approximately a quarter of the beef produced from each steer or heifer carcass (Nold, 2012) and a much larger percentage of harvested cows. Additional ground beef is produced by grinding primal chuck and round cuts, but these are more expensive. Compared to the 1970s, domestic beef demand dropped as consumer demand shifted toward leaner protein sources, namely chicken. Although the number of cattle in the U.S. has declined since the 1970s, increased efficiency has contributed to an increase in total U.S. beef production. The primary source of lean ground beef is not from feedlot finished cattle, but from mature cows and bulls slaughtered and from imported lean beef trimmings. Supplies of mature cows and bulls are limited compared to feedlot finished cattle, as an average of 6.3 million cows and bulls have been slaughtered under federal inspection annually since 2000 compared to 27.4 million steers and heifers.
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of LFTB in the Beef Cattle Industry","authors":"J. R. Pruitt, David P. Anderson","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.143190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.143190","url":null,"abstract":"Ground beef consumption in the United States accounts for over half of total beef consumption and is included in a variety of products from tacos to chili to hamburgers (Greene 2012; National Cattlemen’s Beef Association 2009, 2012; Peel, 2012). The importance of ground beef to U.S. consumers is reflected in the number of restaurants that include hamburgers on their menus as well as the different types of hamburgers offered. Despite the slow economic recovery that has been occurring over the past few years, quick-service restaurants focusing on serving quality hamburgers have been expanding across the country. This is in addition to better known chains such as McDonald’s and Wendy’s periodically updating their hamburger offerings to boost sales which reflects the latest trends present among consumers. Although ground beef consumption accounts for over half of total beef consumption, it accounts for approximately a quarter of the beef produced from each steer or heifer carcass (Nold, 2012) and a much larger percentage of harvested cows. Additional ground beef is produced by grinding primal chuck and round cuts, but these are more expensive. Compared to the 1970s, domestic beef demand dropped as consumer demand shifted toward leaner protein sources, namely chicken. Although the number of cattle in the U.S. has declined since the 1970s, increased efficiency has contributed to an increase in total U.S. beef production. The primary source of lean ground beef is not from feedlot finished cattle, but from mature cows and bulls slaughtered and from imported lean beef trimmings. Supplies of mature cows and bulls are limited compared to feedlot finished cattle, as an average of 6.3 million cows and bulls have been slaughtered under federal inspection annually since 2000 compared to 27.4 million steers and heifers.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"106 37","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113946047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Why should you care about farm animal welfare? If the passage of Proposition 2 in the November 2008 California election is an indication of things to come, livestock producers and consumers would benefit from an improved understanding of the issue. The purpose of this article is to characterize the current state of the farm animal welfare debate and share some results from consumer studies we have conducted on the issue.
{"title":"The farm animal welfare debate.","authors":"F. Norwood, J. Lusk","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.93834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.93834","url":null,"abstract":"Why should you care about farm animal welfare? If the passage of Proposition 2 in the November 2008 California election is an indication of things to come, livestock producers and consumers would benefit from an improved understanding of the issue. The purpose of this article is to characterize the current state of the farm animal welfare debate and share some results from consumer studies we have conducted on the issue.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114396971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Local Food Consumers: How Motivations and Perceptions Translate to Buying Behavior Yuko Onozaka, Gretchen Nurse, and Dawn Thilmany McFadden JEL Classifications: Q13, D12 Emerging market demand for local foods represents an interesting phenomenon, as small-scale direct markets operate side by side in communities with much larger competitors, such as food supercenters, which also seek to procure locally grown produce. Moreover, the wide spread differentiation of food offerings and venues has allowed consumers to more carefully search out attributes that are important to them. These attributes may include any labels or information on private—such as quality, safety, and health—and public—such as social fairness and sustainability—assurances, some of which may be more closely associated with local foods by consumers. In this article, we explore the underlying factors that motivate consumers to choose local food and how motivations vary among buyers in different market venues, based on a national survey administered in late 2008.
{"title":"Local Food Consumers: How Motivations and Perceptions Translate to Buying Behavior","authors":"Y. Onozaka, Gretchen A. Nurse, D. Thilmany","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.93822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.93822","url":null,"abstract":"Local Food Consumers: How Motivations and Perceptions Translate to Buying Behavior Yuko Onozaka, Gretchen Nurse, and Dawn Thilmany McFadden JEL Classifications: Q13, D12 Emerging market demand for local foods represents an interesting phenomenon, as small-scale direct markets operate side by side in communities with much larger competitors, such as food supercenters, which also seek to procure locally grown produce. Moreover, the wide spread differentiation of food offerings and venues has allowed consumers to more carefully search out attributes that are important to them. These attributes may include any labels or information on private—such as quality, safety, and health—and public—such as social fairness and sustainability—assurances, some of which may be more closely associated with local foods by consumers. In this article, we explore the underlying factors that motivate consumers to choose local food and how motivations vary among buyers in different market venues, based on a national survey administered in late 2008.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125232446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DEPUTIZE THE ENVIRONMENTALISTS","authors":"S. Lovejoy","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.131270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.131270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125785028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M any agricultural industries promote their products with funds generated from mandatory contributions by producers and/or handlers. Studies have shown that these programs often yield an excellent rate of return. Nonetheless, these programs have been controversial, and have endured numerous legal attacks on the grounds that they violate participants' First Amendment rights by compelling them to associate with competitors and support advertising messages with which they disagree. Most observers believed that the Supreme Court had ended litigation, at least on First Amendment grounds, by ruling in favor of the marketing programs. However, a November 1999 decision by the u.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals threatens to reignite the debate.
{"title":"Marketing Orders and Brand Promotion...Got Lawyers","authors":"J. Crespi, R. Sexton","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.131726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.131726","url":null,"abstract":"M any agricultural industries promote their products with funds generated from mandatory contributions by producers and/or handlers. Studies have shown that these programs often yield an excellent rate of return. Nonetheless, these programs have been controversial, and have endured numerous legal attacks on the grounds that they violate participants' First Amendment rights by compelling them to associate with competitors and support advertising messages with which they disagree. Most observers believed that the Supreme Court had ended litigation, at least on First Amendment grounds, by ruling in favor of the marketing programs. However, a November 1999 decision by the u.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals threatens to reignite the debate.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132032849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Karnal Bunt: A Wimp of a Disease ...But an Irresistible Political Opportunity","authors":"B. Beattie, D. R. Biggerstaff","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.131687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.131687","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"49 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116693149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improving agricultural productivity has been the world’s primary defense against a recurring Malthusian crisis— where needs of a growing population outstrip the ability of humankind to supply food. Over the last half-century, world population doubled while food supply tripled, even as land under cultivation grew by only 12% (FAO, 2012). It is by raising productivity, or getting more output from existing resources, that has been driving growth in global agriculture, and what has proven Malthus wrong. In fact, at the global level, the long-run trend since at least 1900 has been one of increasing food abundance—in inflationadjusted dollars, food prices fell by an average of 1% per year over the course of the 20th Century
{"title":"Productivity Growth in Global Agriculture Shifting to Developing Countries","authors":"K. Fuglie, Sun Ling Wang","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.143193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.143193","url":null,"abstract":"Improving agricultural productivity has been the world’s primary defense against a recurring Malthusian crisis— where needs of a growing population outstrip the ability of humankind to supply food. Over the last half-century, world population doubled while food supply tripled, even as land under cultivation grew by only 12% (FAO, 2012). It is by raising productivity, or getting more output from existing resources, that has been driving growth in global agriculture, and what has proven Malthus wrong. In fact, at the global level, the long-run trend since at least 1900 has been one of increasing food abundance—in inflationadjusted dollars, food prices fell by an average of 1% per year over the course of the 20th Century","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128592141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structure of U.S. agricultural production changed dramatically during the 20 Century. Major technological innovations transformed the relationship between agricultural inputs and outputs, and contributed to rapid increases in agricultural productivity. However, evidence is mounting that suggests we have entered a new era, with substantially lower rates of productivity growth. In this article, we examine trends and spatial patterns in agricultural input use, production of outputs, and productivity. We focus on productivity growth over the period 1949–2002, and find a statistically significant slowdown in productivity growth after 1990.
{"title":"Structural Changes in U.S. Agricultural Production and Productivity","authors":"J. S. James, J. Alston, P. Pardey, M. Andersen","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.94313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.94313","url":null,"abstract":"The structure of U.S. agricultural production changed dramatically during the 20 Century. Major technological innovations transformed the relationship between agricultural inputs and outputs, and contributed to rapid increases in agricultural productivity. However, evidence is mounting that suggests we have entered a new era, with substantially lower rates of productivity growth. In this article, we examine trends and spatial patterns in agricultural input use, production of outputs, and productivity. We focus on productivity growth over the period 1949–2002, and find a statistically significant slowdown in productivity growth after 1990.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114600165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 disrupted food systems and travel plans. This is a unique time and it is not clear how holiday behavior will change due to COVID-19. The behavior during the holiday seasons is most likely going to be different in 2020 due to COVID-19, and these likely changes will affect the food system. This data visualization illustrates how the pandemic will affect typical Halloween behavior. The data used are from the Pandemic Food Consumer and Stigma Survey fielded by Qualtrics® from September 28-30. Data were collected from 2,043 U.S. respondents with an age ranging from 18 to 85 (average 44.9 years old), average income of about $55,000, and 52% of the respondents were female. The data indicate that trick-or-treating could be down approximately 41% for households with children under the age of 14 and nearly a third of those households claim that COVID-19 is a contributing factor in the decision not to trick-or-treat in 2020. Households handing out of candy may decrease by half in 2020 and approximately 47% of households are not likely to participate in any Halloween activity. Moreover, candy sales will likely decrease as 42% of households plan to consume less candy this year. These results suggest that year-over-year sales will be dramatically down in 2020.
{"title":"How Will COVID-19 Affect Halloween?","authors":"E. Messer, Kabir Advani, B. McFadden, Trey Malone","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.305808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.305808","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 disrupted food systems and travel plans. This is a unique time and it is not clear how holiday behavior will change due to COVID-19. The behavior during the holiday seasons is most likely going to be different in 2020 due to COVID-19, and these likely changes will affect the food system. This data visualization illustrates how the pandemic will affect typical Halloween behavior. The data used are from the Pandemic Food Consumer and Stigma Survey fielded by Qualtrics® from September 28-30. Data were collected from 2,043 U.S. respondents with an age ranging from 18 to 85 (average 44.9 years old), average income of about $55,000, and 52% of the respondents were female. The data indicate that trick-or-treating could be down approximately 41% for households with children under the age of 14 and nearly a third of those households claim that COVID-19 is a contributing factor in the decision not to trick-or-treat in 2020. Households handing out of candy may decrease by half in 2020 and approximately 47% of households are not likely to participate in any Halloween activity. Moreover, candy sales will likely decrease as 42% of households plan to consume less candy this year. These results suggest that year-over-year sales will be dramatically down in 2020.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126408333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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