The Electronic Logging Device Mandate was signed into law in 2012 with the hope that it would improve transportation safety by electronically monitoring commercial drivers. Agricultural transportation, however, was exempt from the mandate until 2019. We find that compliance with the mandate will increase shipment costs and transportation times for fresh produce.
{"title":"Transportation Safety Regulations via the Electronic Logging Device Mandate Can Affect Fresh Produce Shipment Costs","authors":"T. Wade, Shellye Suttles, L. Walters","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.312407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.312407","url":null,"abstract":"The Electronic Logging Device Mandate was signed into law in 2012 with the hope that it would improve transportation safety by electronically monitoring commercial drivers. Agricultural transportation, however, was exempt from the mandate until 2019. We find that compliance with the mandate will increase shipment costs and transportation times for fresh produce.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124462958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Determining the optimum mature cow weight or cow size is a complex problem faced by producers. While larger cows wean larger calves than smaller cows, the smaller cow weans a larger percentage of her body weight (Dhuyvetter, 2009). In addition, while the smaller cow has a reduced feed efficiency, the larger cow requires more nutrients for maintenance (Hersom, 2009). Further, smaller cull cows bring less money per head on sale day than larger cows. Given a set of fixed resources, a greater number of smaller cows can be maintained relative to a smaller number of larger cows (Mathis and Sawyer, 2000).
{"title":"Do Big Cows Bring Big Proftis? Public Grazing Fee Policy’s Impact on Cow Size","authors":"R. Feuz, J. Russell, D. Feuz","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.311079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.311079","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the optimum mature cow weight or cow size is a complex problem faced by producers. While larger cows wean larger calves than smaller cows, the smaller cow weans a larger percentage of her body weight (Dhuyvetter, 2009). In addition, while the smaller cow has a reduced feed efficiency, the larger cow requires more nutrients for maintenance (Hersom, 2009). Further, smaller cull cows bring less money per head on sale day than larger cows. Given a set of fixed resources, a greater number of smaller cows can be maintained relative to a smaller number of larger cows (Mathis and Sawyer, 2000).","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123518932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction COVID-19 caused significant disruptions in food supply chains and altered consumer buying behavior. The impacts of COVID-19, most notably in the restaurant and food service sectors, are still being realized in food markets months after the initial shutdown. COVID-19 is a unique event with idiosyncratic effects on food consumption. Nonetheless, there are likely longer-term effects of the pandemic that are perhaps more predictable. The pandemic has caused a recession and spike in unemployment during the first quarter of 2020 (NBER, 2021), and there is much that has been learned about consumer food spending and buying behaviors during prior economic downturns that can be leveraged to gain insights about consumer food spending during the pandemic.
{"title":"Consumer Food Buying during a Recession","authors":"J. Lusk, B. McFadden","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.311039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.311039","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction COVID-19 caused significant disruptions in food supply chains and altered consumer buying behavior. The impacts of COVID-19, most notably in the restaurant and food service sectors, are still being realized in food markets months after the initial shutdown. COVID-19 is a unique event with idiosyncratic effects on food consumption. Nonetheless, there are likely longer-term effects of the pandemic that are perhaps more predictable. The pandemic has caused a recession and spike in unemployment during the first quarter of 2020 (NBER, 2021), and there is much that has been learned about consumer food spending and buying behaviors during prior economic downturns that can be leveraged to gain insights about consumer food spending during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115696807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Outlook for United States Livestock and Meat Markets Prior to the Pandemic After a run of low prices for livestock and meat dating back to 2014, 2020 was shaping up to be a bull market for United States livestock interests. African swine fever continued to decimate China’s pig population. As a result, China—the world’s leading meat importer—was poised to increase purchases dramatically through 2020. Moreover, in January 2020 the United States government signed the Phase One trade agreement with China, which promised to end a two-year trade war and dramatically expand China’s imports of United States agricultural products, including pork and beef. At the consumer end of United States meat markets, a strong economy and record low unemployment pointed to increased demand for meat (Badau, 2020). The net result was that, early in 2020, analysts were forecasting increased United States exports of beef and pork as well as high prices for livestock and meat.
{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on United States Meat and Livestock Markets","authors":"J. Balagtas, J. Cooper","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.311036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.311036","url":null,"abstract":"Outlook for United States Livestock and Meat Markets Prior to the Pandemic After a run of low prices for livestock and meat dating back to 2014, 2020 was shaping up to be a bull market for United States livestock interests. African swine fever continued to decimate China’s pig population. As a result, China—the world’s leading meat importer—was poised to increase purchases dramatically through 2020. Moreover, in January 2020 the United States government signed the Phase One trade agreement with China, which promised to end a two-year trade war and dramatically expand China’s imports of United States agricultural products, including pork and beef. At the consumer end of United States meat markets, a strong economy and record low unemployment pointed to increased demand for meat (Badau, 2020). The net result was that, early in 2020, analysts were forecasting increased United States exports of beef and pork as well as high prices for livestock and meat.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114888354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gulcan Onel, S. Simnitt, J. Stacciarini, Antonio Tovar-Aguilar
The spread of COVID-19 among “essential” crop workers is a source of major concern for growers and policy makers. COVID-19 risk factors for Florida crop workers vary across counties and legal status groups. These differences suggest the need for tailored prevention and mitigation plans for COVID-19 infections among crop workers.
{"title":"COVID-19 Risk Factors Vary by Legal Status among Florida Crop Workers","authors":"Gulcan Onel, S. Simnitt, J. Stacciarini, Antonio Tovar-Aguilar","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.305278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.305278","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of COVID-19 among “essential” crop workers is a source of major concern for growers and policy makers. COVID-19 risk factors for Florida crop workers vary across counties and legal status groups. These differences suggest the need for tailored prevention and mitigation plans for COVID-19 infections among crop workers.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"13 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114110327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article highlights the logistical challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic for the U.S. food supply chain and reviews emergency support provided through the transportation sector given specific regulatory exemptions.
{"title":"Food and Agricultural Transportation Challenges Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"L. Walters, T. Wade, Shellye Suttles","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.305280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.305280","url":null,"abstract":"This article highlights the logistical challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic for the U.S. food supply chain and reviews emergency support provided through the transportation sector given specific regulatory exemptions.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131706405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The articles in this theme discuss the many ways in which COVID-19 has affected the U.S. agriculture industry. In particular, the articles explore the demand and supply-side effects on domestic and immigrant agricultural labor, disruptions in agricultural supply chains, and short and long-term changes in consumer food purchasing behavior.
{"title":"Theme Overview: COVID-19 and the Agriculture Industry: Labor, Supply Chains, and Consumer Behavior","authors":"L. Peña-Lévano, Grace Melo, S. Burney","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.305274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.305274","url":null,"abstract":"The articles in this theme discuss the many ways in which COVID-19 has affected the U.S. agriculture industry. In particular, the articles explore the demand and supply-side effects on domestic and immigrant agricultural labor, disruptions in agricultural supply chains, and short and long-term changes in consumer food purchasing behavior.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126673115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the government ensured continued processing of H-2A visa applications. H-2A worker arrivals, however, were disrupted by travel bans, strict medical screening at ports of entry, and virus outbreaks at the border. Labor could be a disrupting factor as farms strive to meet sustained demand during the pandemic.
{"title":"The Availability of H-2A Guest Farm Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"C. Escalante, Tianyuan Luo, Carmina E. Taylor","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.305279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.305279","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the government ensured continued processing of H-2A visa applications. H-2A worker arrivals, however, were disrupted by travel bans, strict medical screening at ports of entry, and virus outbreaks at the border. Labor could be a disrupting factor as farms strive to meet sustained demand during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124550367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recovery from the global pandemic and economic crisis will be prolonged and erratic (Lahart, 2020) Six months into the COVID-19 crisis, countries around the world are experiencing the symptoms of a social and political economic recession, characterized by heightened economic uncertainty To make sense of market outcomes, it is critical to understand consumer behavior in times of significant shocks to the financial system This article provides insights into the effect of COVID-19 on consumer behavior by exploring essential questions, with implications for the food retailing sector, such as whether consumers under a pandemic are "rational" and what the "new normalcy" in post-pandemic consumer behavior and retail will look like I employ market and media reports that present the timeliest information, along with evidence from behavioral economics and the emerging economic literature, to addresses these questions We hope to serve as a jumping-off point for debate and future research into the impact of COVID-19 on consumer behavior
{"title":"The Path Forward: U.S. Consumer and Food Retail Responses to COVID-19","authors":"Grace Melo","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.305281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.305281","url":null,"abstract":"The recovery from the global pandemic and economic crisis will be prolonged and erratic (Lahart, 2020) Six months into the COVID-19 crisis, countries around the world are experiencing the symptoms of a social and political economic recession, characterized by heightened economic uncertainty To make sense of market outcomes, it is critical to understand consumer behavior in times of significant shocks to the financial system This article provides insights into the effect of COVID-19 on consumer behavior by exploring essential questions, with implications for the food retailing sector, such as whether consumers under a pandemic are \"rational\" and what the \"new normalcy\" in post-pandemic consumer behavior and retail will look like I employ market and media reports that present the timeliest information, along with evidence from behavioral economics and the emerging economic literature, to addresses these questions We hope to serve as a jumping-off point for debate and future research into the impact of COVID-19 on consumer behavior","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133722601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Peña-Lévano, S. Burney, Grace Melo, C. Escalante
{"title":"COVID-19: Effects on U.S. Labor, Supply Chains and Consumption Imagery Article","authors":"L. Peña-Lévano, S. Burney, Grace Melo, C. Escalante","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.305275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.305275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126421059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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