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Multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains enter the Norwegian marine environment through treated sewage 耐多药粪肠球菌菌株通过经处理的污水进入挪威海洋环境。
IF 3.4 3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1397
Vera Radisic, Didrik H. Grevskott, Nadja Junghardt, Lise Øvreås, Nachiket P. Marathe

This study aimed to understand the antibiotic resistance prevalence among Enterococcus spp. from raw and treated sewage in Bergen city, Norway. In total, 517 Enterococcus spp. isolates were obtained from raw and treated sewage from five sewage treatment plants (STPs) over three sampling occasions, with Enterococcus faecium as the most prevalent (n = 492) species. E. faecium strains (n = 307) obtained from the influent samples, showed the highest resistance against quinupristin/dalfopristin (67.8%). We observed reduced susceptibility to erythromycin (30.6%) and tetracycline (6.2%) in these strains. E. faecium strains (n = 185) obtained from the effluent samples showed highest resistance against quinupristin/dalfopristin (68.1%) and reduced susceptibility to erythromycin (24.9%) and tetracycline (8.6%). We did not detect resistance against last-resort antibiotics, such as linezolid, vancomycin, and tigecycline in any of the strains. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. faecium strains were detected in both influent (2.3%) and effluent (2.2%) samples. Whole genome sequencing of the Enterococcus spp. strains (n = 25) showed the presence of several antibiotic resistance genes, conferring resistance against aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and macrolides, as well as several virulence genes and plasmid replicons. Two sequenced MDR strains from the effluents belonged to the hospital-associated clonal complex 17 and carried multiple virulence genes. Our study demonstrates that clinically relevant MDR Enterococcus spp. strains are entering the marine environment through treated sewage.

本研究旨在了解挪威卑尔根市未经处理的污水中肠球菌的抗生素耐药性流行情况。在三次采样中,从五个污水处理厂(STPs)的原污水和处理过的污水中共分离出 517 株肠球菌,其中粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)是最常见的菌种(n = 492)。从进水样本中获得的粪肠球菌菌株(n = 307)对奎奴普汀/达尔福普汀的耐药性最高(67.8%)。我们观察到这些菌株对红霉素(30.6%)和四环素(6.2%)的敏感性降低。从污水样本中获得的粪肠球菌菌株(n = 185)对喹诺酮/达福布星的耐药性最高(68.1%),对红霉素(24.9%)和四环素(8.6%)的敏感性降低。我们没有在任何菌株中发现对利奈唑胺、万古霉素和替加环素等最后抗生素的耐药性。在进水样本(2.3%)和出水样本(2.2%)中都检测到了耐多药(MDR)的粪肠球菌菌株。肠球菌属菌株(n = 25)的全基因组测序显示,其中存在多个抗生素耐药基因,可耐受氨基糖苷类、四环素类和大环内酯类药物,以及多个毒力基因和质粒复制子。从污水中测序出的两株 MDR 菌株属于医院相关克隆复合体 17,并携带多种毒力基因。我们的研究表明,与临床相关的 MDR 肠球菌属菌株正通过经处理的污水进入海洋环境。
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引用次数: 0
The copy number of the eukaryotic rRNA gene can be counted comprehensively 真核生物 rRNA 基因的拷贝数可以全面计数。
IF 3.4 3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1399
Akinori Yabuki, Tatsuhiko Hoshino, Tamiko Nakamura, Keiko Mizuno

Gene sequence has been widely used in molecular ecology. For instance, the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene has been widely used as a biological marker to understand microbial communities. The variety of the detected rRNA gene sequences reflects the diversity of the microorganisms existing in the analyzed sample. Their biomass can also be estimated by applying quantitative sequencing with information on rRNA gene copy numbers in genomes; however, information on rRNA gene copy numbers is still limited. Especially, the copy number in microbial eukaryotes is much less understood than that of prokaryotes, possibly because of the large and complex structure of eukaryotic genomes. In this study, we report an alternative approach that is more appropriate than the existing method of quantitative sequencing and demonstrate that the copy number of eukaryotic rRNA can be measured efficiently and comprehensively. By applying this approach widely, information on the eukaryotic rRNA copy number can be determined, and their community structures can be depicted and compared more efficiently.

基因序列已广泛应用于分子生态学。例如,核糖体 RNA(rRNA)基因已被广泛用作了解微生物群落的生物标记。检测到的 rRNA 基因序列的多样性反映了分析样本中微生物的多样性。利用基因组中 rRNA 基因拷贝数的信息进行定量测序,还可以估算微生物的生物量。特别是对微生物真核生物拷贝数的了解远远少于原核生物,这可能是因为真核生物基因组庞大且结构复杂。在本研究中,我们报告了一种比现有定量测序方法更合适的替代方法,并证明可以高效、全面地测量真核生物 rRNA 的拷贝数。通过广泛应用这种方法,可以确定真核生物 rRNA 的拷贝数信息,并更有效地描述和比较它们的群落结构。
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引用次数: 0
Ultrastructural and glycoproteomic characterization of Prevotella intermedia: Insights into O-glycosylation and outer membrane vesicles 中间普雷沃茨菌的超微结构和糖蛋白组学特征:对 O-糖基化和外膜囊泡的深入了解。
IF 3.4 3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1401
Xi Ye, Bindusmita Paul, Joyce Mo, Eric C. Reynolds, Debnath Ghosal, Paul D. Veith

Prevotella intermedia, a Gram-negative bacterium from the Bacteroidota phylum, is associated with periodontitis. Other species within this phylum are known to possess the general O-glycosylation system. The O-glycoproteome has been characterized in several species, including Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Flavobacterium johnsoniae. In our study, we used electron cryotomography (cryoET) and glycoproteomics to reveal the ultrastructure of P. intermedia and characterize its O-glycoproteome. Our cryoET analysis unveiled the ultrastructural details of the cell envelope and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of P. intermedia. We observed an electron-dense surface layer surrounding both cells and OMVs. The OMVs were often large (>200 nm) and presented two types, with lumens being either electron-dense or translucent. LC-MS/MS analyses of P. intermedia fractions led to the identification of 1655 proteins, which included 62 predicted T9SS cargo proteins. Within the glycoproteome, we identified 443 unique O-glycosylation sites within 224 glycoproteins. Interestingly, the O-glycosylation motif exhibited a broader range than reported in other species, with O-glycosylation found at D(S/T)(A/I/L/M/T/V/S/C/G/F/N/E/Q/D/P). We identified a single O-glycan with a delta mass of 1531.48 Da. Its sequence was determined by MS2 and MS3 analyses using both collision-induced dissociation and high-energy collisional dissociation fragmentation modes. After partial deglycosylation with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, the O-glycan sequence was confirmed to be dHex-dHex-HexNAc (HPO3-C6H12O5)-dHex-Hex-HexA-Hex(dHex). Bioinformatic analyses predicted the localization of O-glycoproteins, with 73 periplasmic proteins, 53 inner membrane proteins, 52 lipoproteins, 26 outer membrane proteins, and 14 proteins secreted by the T9SS.

中间普雷沃特氏菌(Prevotella intermedia)是类杆菌科的一种革兰氏阴性细菌,与牙周炎有关。已知该菌门内的其他菌种也拥有一般的 O-糖基化系统。O-糖蛋白组已在多个菌种中得到表征,包括连翘坦奈氏菌(Tannerella forsythia)、牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis)和约翰逊黄杆菌(Flavobacterium johnsoniae)。在我们的研究中,我们利用电子低温显像(cryoET)和糖蛋白组学揭示了中间卟啉单胞菌的超微结构,并描述了其 O 型糖蛋白组的特征。我们的低温电子显微镜分析揭示了介壳虫细胞膜和外膜囊泡的超微结构细节。我们观察到围绕细胞和外膜囊泡的电子致密表层。外膜囊泡通常很大(大于 200 nm),有两种类型,内腔要么是电子致密的,要么是半透明的。通过对中间体部分进行 LC-MS/MS 分析,鉴定出 1655 种蛋白质,其中包括 62 种预测的 T9SS 货物蛋白。在糖蛋白组中,我们在 224 个糖蛋白中发现了 443 个独特的 O-糖基化位点。有趣的是,与其他物种相比,O-糖基化位点的范围更广,在D(S/T)(A/I/L/M/T/V/S/C/G/F/N/E/Q/D/P)处发现了O-糖基化位点。我们发现了一个δ质量为 1531.48 Da 的单一 O-糖基。利用碰撞诱导解离和高能碰撞解离碎片模式,通过 MS2 和 MS3 分析确定了其序列。经三氟甲磺酸部分脱糖基化后,确认 O-糖序列为 dHex-dHex-HexNAc (HPO3 -C6 H12 O5 )-dHex-Hex-HexA-Hex(dHex) 。生物信息学分析预测了 O-糖蛋白的定位,T9SS 可分泌 73 种周质膜蛋白、53 种内膜蛋白、52 种脂蛋白、26 种外膜蛋白和 14 种蛋白质。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of the polysaccharide capsule and its heptose on the resistance of Campylobacter jejuni to innate immune defenses 多糖胶囊及其庚糖对空肠弯曲杆菌抵抗先天性免疫防御的影响。
IF 3.4 3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1400
Matthew Myles, Heba Barnawi, Mahmoud Mahmoudpour, Sargon Shlimon, Adrienne Chang, Daniel Zimmermann, Chiwon Choi, Najwa Zebian, Carole Creuzenet

Campylobacter jejuni is a commensal in many animals but causes diarrhea in humans. Its polysaccharide capsule contributes to host colonization and virulence in a strain- and model-specific manner. We investigated if the capsule and its heptose are important for interactions of strain NCTC 11168 with various hosts and their innate immune defenses. We determined that they support bacterial survival in Drosophila melanogaster and enhance virulence in Galleria mellonella. We showed that the capsule had limited antiphagocytic activity in human and chicken macrophages, decreased adherence to chicken macrophages, and decreased intracellular survival in both macrophages. In contrast, the heptose increased uptake by chicken macrophages and supported adherence to human macrophages and survival within them. While the capsule triggered nitric oxide production in chicken macrophages, the heptose mitigated this and protected against nitrosative assault. Finally, the C. jejuni strain NCTC 11168 elicited strong cytokine production in both macrophages but quenched ROS production independently from capsule and heptose, and while the capsule and heptose did not protect against oxidative assault, they favored growth in biofilms under oxidative stress. This study shows that the wild-type capsule with its heptose is optimized to resist innate defenses in strain NCTC 11168 often via antagonistic effects of the capsule and its heptose.

空肠弯曲菌是许多动物的共生菌,但会导致人类腹泻。其多糖胶囊以菌株和模型特异性的方式促进宿主定植和毒力。我们研究了多糖胶囊及其庚糖对 NCTC 11168 株与各种宿主及其先天免疫防御系统的相互作用是否重要。我们确定,它们支持细菌在黑腹果蝇中的存活,并增强了其在黑腹果蝇中的毒力。我们发现,在人和鸡的巨噬细胞中,胶囊的抗虹吸活性有限,对鸡巨噬细胞的粘附性降低,两种巨噬细胞的细胞内存活率降低。与此相反,七糖增加了鸡巨噬细胞的吸收,并支持人巨噬细胞的粘附和在其中存活。鸡巨噬细胞中的胶囊会引发一氧化氮的产生,而七聚糖则会减轻这种情况,并保护巨噬细胞免受亚硝酸攻击。最后,空肠大肠杆菌菌株 NCTC 11168 在两种巨噬细胞中都能引起强烈的细胞因子产生,但能独立于胶囊和庚糖淬灭 ROS 的产生,虽然胶囊和庚糖不能抵御氧化攻击,但它们有利于氧化应激下生物膜的生长。这项研究表明,野生型胶囊及其庚糖往往通过胶囊及其庚糖的拮抗作用,优化了菌株 NCTC 11168 抵抗先天防御的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Characterizing living ocular bacterial communities and the effects of antibiotic perturbation in house finches 家雀眼部细菌群落活体特征及抗生素干扰的影响
IF 3.4 3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1398
Chava L. Weitzman, Dana M. Hawley, Bahman Rostama, Meghan May, Lisa K. Belden

DNA-based methods to measure the abundance and relative abundance of bacterial taxa can be skewed by the presence of dead or transient bacteria. Consequently, the active, functional members of the community may be a small subset of the detected bacterial community. This mismatch can make inferences about the roles of communities in host health difficult and can be particularly problematic for low-abundance microbiomes, such as those on conjunctival surfaces. In this study, we manipulated bacterial communities on bird conjunctiva with a bacteriostatic antibiotic, reducing bacterial activity while preserving viability, to identify the living and active conjunctival communities using comparisons of 16S ribosomal DNA and RNA in paired samples. DNA amplicons included many more sequence variants than RNA amplicons from the same communities, with consequent differences in diversity. While we found that changes in communities in DNA samples broadly represent shifts in the living (RNA-amplicon) communities, assessments of community function may be better described by RNA samples, reducing background noise from dead cells. We further used these data to test RNA:DNA ratios, used in other microbiological contexts, to detect shifts in bacterial activity after antibiotic disruption but were unable to detect changes in bacterial activity with this method.

以 DNA 为基础的细菌分类群丰度和相对丰度测量方法可能会因死亡细菌或瞬时细菌的存在而产生偏差。因此,群落中活跃的功能性成员可能只是检测到的细菌群落的一小部分。这种不匹配会使推断群落在宿主健康中的作用变得困难,对于低丰度微生物群落(如结膜表面的微生物群落)尤其如此。在这项研究中,我们用一种抑菌抗生素处理鸟类结膜上的细菌群落,在保持活力的同时降低细菌活性,从而通过比较配对样本中的 16S 核糖体 DNA 和 RNA 来确定活的和活跃的结膜群落。与来自相同群落的 RNA 扩增片段相比,DNA 扩增片段包含更多的序列变异,因此多样性也存在差异。我们发现,DNA 样本中群落的变化大致代表了活体(RNA 扩增子)群落的变化,而 RNA 样本可以更好地描述群落功能,减少死亡细胞带来的背景噪音。我们进一步利用这些数据测试了 RNA 与 DNA 的比率,这种比率在其他微生物学环境中被用来检测抗生素破坏后细菌活性的变化,但这种方法无法检测到细菌活性的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Genomic analyses of an Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae urinary tract co-infection using long-read nanopore sequencing 利用长线程纳米孔测序技术对大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌尿路感染进行基因组分析
IF 3.4 3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1396
Stephen Mark Edward Fordham, Magdalena Barrow, Anna Mantzouratou, Elizabeth Sheridan

Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates presenting with the same antimicrobial susceptibility profile were recovered from the same catheter sample of urine (CSU). Both strains were recovered from a patient with a long-standing indwelling urinary catheter. Each isolate had its DNA extracted following culture. Nanopore long-read sequencing was used to build the plasmids and chromosomes from each strain to closure to discern the potential horizontal propagation of resistance-encoding plasmids and the relationship between resistance genes and insertion sequences. Plasmids derived from resistance strains in the urinary microbiota remain poorly characterized. The same 11 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were found in plasmids from each strain. The 185,239-bp FIB(K) pKBM1, from the K. pneumoniae strain, additionally encoded the five AMR genes: sul2, strA, strB, blaTEM-1B, and blaCTX-M-15. A multimeric array of AMR genes and IS26 insertion sequences were found in the plasmids from both isolates. Both plasmids from each isolate were similar. Horizontal transfer of plasmids, followed by subsequent plasmid rearrangement, is likely to have occurred during infection. Furthermore, the resistance region in the plasmids shared similarity against the internationally prevalent plasmid, pKPN3-307_typeA, commonly identified in K. pneumoniae ST307. Biofilm formation in catheterized patients may allow close cell contact between strains. Horizontal propagation of resistance genes may occur, leading to polymicrobial infections.

从同一导尿管尿液样本(CSU)中分离出的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌具有相同的抗菌药敏感性。这两种菌株都是从一名长期留置导尿管的患者体内分离出来的。每个分离株在培养后都提取了 DNA。利用纳米孔长读数测序技术构建了每株菌株的质粒和染色体,以确定抗性编码质粒的潜在水平传播以及抗性基因与插入序列之间的关系。从泌尿微生物群中的抗性菌株中提取的质粒仍然特征不清。在每个菌株的质粒中都发现了相同的 11 个抗菌素耐药性(AMR)基因。来自肺炎克氏菌菌株的 185,239-bp FIB(K) pKBM1 还编码了五个 AMR 基因:Sul2、strA、strB、blaTEM-1B 和 blaCTX-M-15。在两个分离株的质粒中都发现了多聚 AMR 基因阵列和 IS26 插入序列。每个分离物的两个质粒都很相似。质粒的水平转移和随后的质粒重排很可能发生在感染过程中。此外,质粒中的抗性区域与国际流行的质粒 pKPN3-307_typeA(通常在肺炎双球菌 ST307 中发现)具有相似性。导管病人体内生物膜的形成可能使菌株之间的细胞密切接触。耐药基因可能会发生水平传播,导致多微生物感染。
{"title":"Genomic analyses of an Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae urinary tract co-infection using long-read nanopore sequencing","authors":"Stephen Mark Edward Fordham,&nbsp;Magdalena Barrow,&nbsp;Anna Mantzouratou,&nbsp;Elizabeth Sheridan","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.1396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolates presenting with the same antimicrobial susceptibility profile were recovered from the same catheter sample of urine (CSU). Both strains were recovered from a patient with a long-standing indwelling urinary catheter. Each isolate had its DNA extracted following culture. Nanopore long-read sequencing was used to build the plasmids and chromosomes from each strain to closure to discern the potential horizontal propagation of resistance-encoding plasmids and the relationship between resistance genes and insertion sequences. Plasmids derived from resistance strains in the urinary microbiota remain poorly characterized. The same 11 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were found in plasmids from each strain. The 185,239-bp FIB(K) pKBM1, from the <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strain, additionally encoded the five AMR genes: <i>sul2, strA, strB, bla</i><sub>TEM-1B</sub>, and <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-15</sub>. A multimeric array of AMR genes and IS<i>26</i> insertion sequences were found in the plasmids from both isolates. Both plasmids from each isolate were similar. Horizontal transfer of plasmids, followed by subsequent plasmid rearrangement, is likely to have occurred during infection. Furthermore, the resistance region in the plasmids shared similarity against the internationally prevalent plasmid, pKPN3-307_typeA, commonly identified in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> ST307. Biofilm formation in catheterized patients may allow close cell contact between strains. Horizontal propagation of resistance genes may occur, leading to polymicrobial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.1396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139488617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Group A Streptococcus strains causing meningitis without distinct invasive phenotype 导致脑膜炎但无明显侵袭表型的 A 群链球菌菌株
IF 3.4 3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1394
Laura Marquardt, Federica Andreoni, Mathilde Boumasmoud, Tiziano A. Schweizer, Dorothea M. Heuberger, Elena Parietti, Sanne Hertegonne, Jana Epprecht, Dario Mattle, Anna K. Raez, Ewerton Marques-Maggio, Reto A. Schuepbach, Barbara Hasse, Srikanth Mairpady-Shambat, Silvio D. Brugger, Annelies S. Zinkernagel

Group A streptococcal (GAS; aka Streptococcus pyogenes) meningitis is a fulminant disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the invasiveness of GAS in meningitis, we compared GAS isolates derived from five cases of meningitis to otitis and colonizing isolates. We did not observe differences in adherence to and invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells, virulence factors activity, or barrier disruption. Whole genome sequencing did not reveal particular invasiveness traits. Most patients previously suffered from otitis media suggesting that meningitis likely resulted from a continuous spread of the infection rather than being attributable to changes in the pathogen's virulence.

A 组链球菌(GAS)脑膜炎导致很高的发病率和死亡率。为了阐明 GAS 在脑膜炎中的侵袭性,我们将 5 株 GAS 脑膜炎分离株与耳炎和定植分离株进行了比较。所有菌株的基因和毒力特征都相当,这表明脑膜炎很可能是由感染的持续传播引起的。
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引用次数: 0
Serratia-based toxin cluster elements are associated with a type I fimbria 以沙雷氏菌为基础的毒素簇元素与 I 型流膜有关
IF 3.4 3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1395
Lesley Sitter, Marion Schoof, Travis R. Glare, Murray P. Cox, Peter C. Fineran, Paul P. Gardner, Mark R. H. Hurst

A soil bacterium in the Serratia genus, carrying a 153 kb conjugative amber disease-associated plasmid (pADAP), is commercially exploited for population control of the New Zealand endemic pest beetle Costelytra giveni (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The main insecticidal elements are an anti-feeding prophage and the Sep ABC toxin complex (Tc). Homologs of pADAP, encoding variant Tcs, convey different beetle disease phenotypes. To investigate the correlation between variable bioactivity and the Tc variant, 76 Serratia plasmids were sequenced, resulting in the identification of four additional tc variants. All Serratia tc variants were found to be colocated with a conserved type 1 sef fimbrial-like operon, indicating a conserved sef-tc genetic island not observed outside of the Serratia genus. The conserved co-location of the fimbrial and tc genes suggests the fimbriae somehow contribute to the lifestyle of Tc-producing cells. Expression of the sef operon in a fim-null Escherichia coli strain revealed fimbriae presence while a constructed sef-deficient mutant showed no reduction of virulence or host colonization. Although no detectable contribution of Sef to amber disease in C. giveni was observed, the Sef adhesin sequences clustered similarly to the Serratia species encoding it, suggesting Sef has a species-specific function.

这篇文章描述了在感染甲虫幼虫 Costelytra giveni 的致病性沙雷氏菌中发现的与 ABC 毒素复合物(Tc)始终位于一起的 Sef 拟缘体的特征。在任何已知的 Tc 系统中,都没有记录过缘膜与 Tc 之间的这种独特联系,这就提出了一个问题:只有在编码 Tc 的细菌中才能维持这些缘膜的高选择压力。我们的研究还试图利用生物信息学、克隆和实验方法来描述 Sef 纤膜的结构和功能。
{"title":"Serratia-based toxin cluster elements are associated with a type I fimbria","authors":"Lesley Sitter,&nbsp;Marion Schoof,&nbsp;Travis R. Glare,&nbsp;Murray P. Cox,&nbsp;Peter C. Fineran,&nbsp;Paul P. Gardner,&nbsp;Mark R. H. Hurst","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.1395","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.1395","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A soil bacterium in the <i>Serratia</i> genus, carrying a 153 kb conjugative amber disease-associated plasmid (pADAP), is commercially exploited for population control of the New Zealand endemic pest beetle <i>Costelytra giveni</i> (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The main insecticidal elements are an anti-feeding prophage and the Sep ABC toxin complex (Tc). Homologs of pADAP, encoding variant Tcs, convey different beetle disease phenotypes. To investigate the correlation between variable bioactivity and the Tc variant, 76 <i>Serratia</i> plasmids were sequenced, resulting in the identification of four additional <i>tc</i> variants. All <i>Serratia tc</i> variants were found to be colocated with a conserved type 1 <i>sef</i> fimbrial-like operon, indicating a conserved <i>sef-tc</i> genetic island not observed outside of the <i>Serratia</i> genus. The conserved co-location of the fimbrial and <i>tc</i> genes suggests the fimbriae somehow contribute to the lifestyle of Tc-producing cells. Expression of the <i>sef</i> operon in a fim-null <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain revealed fimbriae presence while a constructed <i>sef</i>-deficient mutant showed no reduction of virulence or host colonization. Although no detectable contribution of Sef to amber disease in <i>C. giveni</i> was observed, the Sef adhesin sequences clustered similarly to the <i>Serratia</i> species encoding it, suggesting Sef has a species-specific function.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.1395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139094476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gut microbiota in the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus Aculeatus) shows stability across gestation 短喙针鼹(Tachyglossus Aculeatus)的肠道微生物群在整个孕期表现出稳定性
IF 3.4 3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1392
Isini Buthgamuwa, Jane C. Fenelon, Alice Roser, Haley Meer, Stephen D. Johnston, Ashley M. Dungan

Indigenous gut microbial communities (microbiota) play critical roles in health and may be especially important for the mother and fetus during pregnancy. Monotremes, such as the short-beaked echidna, have evolved to lay and incubate an egg, which hatches in their pouch where the young feeds. Since both feces and eggs pass through the cloaca, the fecal microbiota of female echidnas provides an opportunity for vertical transmission of microbes to their offspring. Here, we characterize the gut/fecal microbiome of female short-beaked echidnas and gain a better understanding of the changes that may occur in their microbiome as they go through pregnancy. Fecal samples from four female and five male echidnas were obtained from the Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary in Queensland and sequenced to evaluate bacterial community structure. We identified 25 core bacteria, most of which were present in male and female samples. Genera such as Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, and Lactobacillus were consistently abundant, regardless of sex or gestation stage, accounting for 58.00% and 56.14% of reads in male and female samples, respectively. The echidna microbiome remained stable across the different gestation stages, though there was a significant difference in microbiota composition between male and female echidnas. This study is the first to describe the microbiome composition of short-beaked echidnas across reproductive phases and allows the opportunity for this novel information to be used as a metric of health to aid in the detection of diseases triggered by microbiota dysbiosis.

原生肠道微生物群落(微生物群)在健康中起着关键作用,可能对怀孕期间的母亲和胎儿尤其重要。单目目动物,如短喙针鼹,已经进化到可以产卵和孵化,卵孵化在幼崽觅食的育儿袋里。由于粪便和卵子都通过泄殖腔,雌性针鼹的粪便微生物群提供了将微生物垂直传播给后代的机会。在这里,我们描述了雌性短喙针鼹的肠道/粪便微生物组,并更好地了解了它们在怀孕期间可能发生的微生物组变化。从昆士兰Currumbin野生动物保护区获得4只雌性针鼹和5只雄性针鼹的粪便样本,并对其进行测序以评估细菌群落结构。我们鉴定出25种核心细菌,其中大部分存在于男性和女性样本中。Fusobacterium、Bacteroides、Escherichia-Shigella、Lactobacillus等属在男性和女性样本中均持续丰富,分别占reads的58.00%和56.14%,与性别和妊娠期无关。针鼹的微生物组成在不同的妊娠阶段保持稳定,但雌雄针鼹的微生物组成存在显著差异。这项研究首次描述了短喙针鼹在生殖阶段的微生物组组成,并允许将这种新信息用作健康指标,以帮助检测由微生物群失调引发的疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Examining the functional space of gut microbiome-derived peptides 研究肠道微生物源肽的功能空间
IF 3.4 3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1393
Ying-Chiang J. Lee

The human gut microbiome contains thousands of small, novel peptides that could play a role in microbe–microbe and host–microbe interactions, contributing to human health and disease. Although these peptides have not yet been systematically characterized, computational tools can be used to elucidate the bioactivities they may have. This article proposes probing the functional space of gut microbiome-derived peptides (MDPs) using in silico approaches for three bioactivities: antimicrobial, anticancer, and nucleomodulins. Machine learning programs that support peptide and protein queries are provided for each bioactivity. Considering the biases of an activity-centric approach, activity-agnostic tools using structural and chemical similarity and target prediction are also described. Gut MDPs represent a vast functional space that can not only contribute to our understanding of microbiome interactions but potentially even serve as a source of life-changing therapeutics.

人类肠道微生物组中含有数千种新型小肽,它们可能在微生物与微生物以及宿主与微生物之间的相互作用中发挥作用,从而影响人类健康和疾病。虽然这些肽尚未得到系统表征,但可以利用计算工具来阐明它们可能具有的生物活性。本文建议使用硅学方法探测肠道微生物衍生肽(MDPs)的功能空间,以了解其三种生物活性:抗菌、抗癌和核调节蛋白。为每种生物活性提供了支持多肽和蛋白质查询的机器学习程序。考虑到以活性为中心的方法的偏差,还介绍了使用结构和化学相似性和目标预测的活性诊断工具。肠道 MDPs 代表了一个巨大的功能空间,它不仅有助于我们了解微生物组的相互作用,甚至有可能成为改变生命的疗法的来源。
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