Pub Date : 2021-10-19DOI: 10.11648/J.IJEEE.20210605.15
Mao Qinghua, Z. Xuemei, Li Dong, Hao Jingyuan
In order to quantitatively study the metamorphism of coal, by calculating the changes of reflectivity with time and temperature and the changes of temperature with time and reflectivity, the results show that the temperature time reflectivity ternary coal metamorphism thermodynamic equation (Cmte) proposed by Mr. Wu Chonglong is feasible. Although it is only an empirical formula, the mathematical formula is more convenient and accurate than the diagram, The critical temperature of lignite is 49.3°C and that of long flame coal is 56.9°C. The empirical formula of temperature time reflectance is demonstrated to explain the metamorphism of coal. By compiling temperature reflection (time) maps of middle coal formation in Carboniferous, Jurassic and Cretaceous, this paper explains the concept of "the longer the thermal time, the higher the degree of metamorphism" with isothermal horizontal line or equal reflection vertical line. The temperature and effective metamorphic time in the literature of Nantong coalfield in Sichuan further prove the accuracy and practicability of Cmte. The mathematical formula of temperature time reflectance can not only know the cross verification temperature of time and reflectance, but also know the time with a difference of less than 1.4% from the original effective metamorphic time. It is proved that the empirical formula of temperature time reflectance can explain the metamorphism of coal.
{"title":"Numerical Evaluation of the Coal Metamorphism Thermodynamics Equation (CMTE)","authors":"Mao Qinghua, Z. Xuemei, Li Dong, Hao Jingyuan","doi":"10.11648/J.IJEEE.20210605.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJEEE.20210605.15","url":null,"abstract":"In order to quantitatively study the metamorphism of coal, by calculating the changes of reflectivity with time and temperature and the changes of temperature with time and reflectivity, the results show that the temperature time reflectivity ternary coal metamorphism thermodynamic equation (Cmte) proposed by Mr. Wu Chonglong is feasible. Although it is only an empirical formula, the mathematical formula is more convenient and accurate than the diagram, The critical temperature of lignite is 49.3°C and that of long flame coal is 56.9°C. The empirical formula of temperature time reflectance is demonstrated to explain the metamorphism of coal. By compiling temperature reflection (time) maps of middle coal formation in Carboniferous, Jurassic and Cretaceous, this paper explains the concept of \"the longer the thermal time, the higher the degree of metamorphism\" with isothermal horizontal line or equal reflection vertical line. The temperature and effective metamorphic time in the literature of Nantong coalfield in Sichuan further prove the accuracy and practicability of Cmte. The mathematical formula of temperature time reflectance can not only know the cross verification temperature of time and reflectance, but also know the time with a difference of less than 1.4% from the original effective metamorphic time. It is proved that the empirical formula of temperature time reflectance can explain the metamorphism of coal.","PeriodicalId":185908,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127452868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.11648/J.IJEEE.20210605.14
Hangjun Cui
The peat bogs on the Tibetan Plateau are an important source of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in Chinese atmosphere. In order to study the effects of different micro-topography of peat bogs on CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes, the static box-meteorological chromatography method was used to determine the CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes of hummocky and hollow in the peat bogs in Arak Lake Basin from May to September in 2020. Our results showed that the peaks of CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes from hummocky and hollow all appeared in July, and the lowest values all appeared in May. The maximum CO2 emission fluxes of hummocky and hollow are 440.44 mg•m-2•h-1 and 198.20 mg•m-2•h-1, respectively, and the maximum CH4 emission fluxes are 2.62 mg•m-2•h-1 and 3.21 mg•m-2•h-1, respectively. The average CO2 emission flux during the growing season of hummocky (368.79±54.70 mg•m-2•h-1) was significantly higher than that of hollow (165.96±20.19 mg•m-2•h-1) (n=5, p=0.001), while the average CH4 emission flux of hummocky (1.78±0.27 mg•m-2•h-1) is significantly lower than that of hollow (2.24±0.27 mg•m-2•h-1) (n=5, p=0.007). The CO2 emission flux of hummocky and hollow during the growing season is mainly affected by the 5 cm soil temperature, and the CH4 emission flux is mainly affected by the 5~20 cm soil temperature.
{"title":"Greenhouse Gas Emission Fluxes from Hummocky and Hollow in the Peat Bog of Arak Lake Basin in 2020","authors":"Hangjun Cui","doi":"10.11648/J.IJEEE.20210605.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJEEE.20210605.14","url":null,"abstract":"The peat bogs on the Tibetan Plateau are an important source of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in Chinese atmosphere. In order to study the effects of different micro-topography of peat bogs on CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes, the static box-meteorological chromatography method was used to determine the CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes of hummocky and hollow in the peat bogs in Arak Lake Basin from May to September in 2020. Our results showed that the peaks of CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes from hummocky and hollow all appeared in July, and the lowest values all appeared in May. The maximum CO2 emission fluxes of hummocky and hollow are 440.44 mg•m-2•h-1 and 198.20 mg•m-2•h-1, respectively, and the maximum CH4 emission fluxes are 2.62 mg•m-2•h-1 and 3.21 mg•m-2•h-1, respectively. The average CO2 emission flux during the growing season of hummocky (368.79±54.70 mg•m-2•h-1) was significantly higher than that of hollow (165.96±20.19 mg•m-2•h-1) (n=5, p=0.001), while the average CH4 emission flux of hummocky (1.78±0.27 mg•m-2•h-1) is significantly lower than that of hollow (2.24±0.27 mg•m-2•h-1) (n=5, p=0.007). The CO2 emission flux of hummocky and hollow during the growing season is mainly affected by the 5 cm soil temperature, and the CH4 emission flux is mainly affected by the 5~20 cm soil temperature.","PeriodicalId":185908,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115725658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-14DOI: 10.11648/J.IJEEE.20210605.12
Muhammad Haseeb Ansari, G. S. Solangi, Nabi Bux Bhatti, P. Akram, S. Panhwar, Faraz Ali Shah, Shahzeb Ansari
Groundwater contamination issues are rising globally, including the Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan. Due to gravity of the problem and concerns of the people of Sukkur City, the present study was planned to assess the quality of groundwater of Sukkur City based on an integrated indexical approach, i.e., the water quality index (WQI) model. The WQI was calculated using analysis results of various physicochemical parameters of thirty (30) georeferenced groundwater samples randomly collected from the study area. Groundwater samples were analyzed for various physical and chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), total hardness (TH), chlorides, nitrates, nitrites, etc. The observed level of pH in the groundwater samples of the study area ranged in between 7.6 to 8.8. The chloride concentration ranged between 32 to 2280 mg/l. The calcium level ranged between 8 to 440 mg/l. The magnesium concentration observed between 32 to 1710 mg/l The total hardness level ranged between 40 to 2150 mg/l. The EC and TDS ranged between 0.28 to 8.13 dS/m, and between 180 to 5200 mg/l respectively. The estimations of the WQI model showed that 2% of the water samples were excellent, 52% good, 22% poor, and 24% unsuitable for drinking purpose. Overall water quality analysis indicated that some of the areas of the Sukkur city have poor quality groundwater, thus it should be treated before its use for domestic purposes.
{"title":"An Integrated Indexical Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Sukkur City, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Haseeb Ansari, G. S. Solangi, Nabi Bux Bhatti, P. Akram, S. Panhwar, Faraz Ali Shah, Shahzeb Ansari","doi":"10.11648/J.IJEEE.20210605.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJEEE.20210605.12","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater contamination issues are rising globally, including the Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan. Due to gravity of the problem and concerns of the people of Sukkur City, the present study was planned to assess the quality of groundwater of Sukkur City based on an integrated indexical approach, i.e., the water quality index (WQI) model. The WQI was calculated using analysis results of various physicochemical parameters of thirty (30) georeferenced groundwater samples randomly collected from the study area. Groundwater samples were analyzed for various physical and chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), total hardness (TH), chlorides, nitrates, nitrites, etc. The observed level of pH in the groundwater samples of the study area ranged in between 7.6 to 8.8. The chloride concentration ranged between 32 to 2280 mg/l. The calcium level ranged between 8 to 440 mg/l. The magnesium concentration observed between 32 to 1710 mg/l The total hardness level ranged between 40 to 2150 mg/l. The EC and TDS ranged between 0.28 to 8.13 dS/m, and between 180 to 5200 mg/l respectively. The estimations of the WQI model showed that 2% of the water samples were excellent, 52% good, 22% poor, and 24% unsuitable for drinking purpose. Overall water quality analysis indicated that some of the areas of the Sukkur city have poor quality groundwater, thus it should be treated before its use for domestic purposes.","PeriodicalId":185908,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126395587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-29DOI: 10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.11
S. Cudjoe, Samuel Kwabla Alorvor, Elias Megbetor
Many organisations have acknowledged the call for environmental sustainability behaviours but there is little information about these behaviours exhibited by employees at the work place. The study sought to find out the environmental sustainability behaviours exhibited by employees in bulk oil distribution companies in Tema, Ghana. The objective of the study was to find out the sustainability behaviours adopted by employees and factors that influenced the decision to adopt environmental sustainability behaviours. The questionnaire survey was adopted to collect data from 50 employees of Fueltrade Limited. The survey result indicated that employees engaged in behaviours such as reducing waste, recycling and reuse of materials, proper disposal of waste, energy conservation, and the reduction in the wastage of resources. Furthermore, the results indicated that adopting environmental sustainability behaviours was to some extent fret with challenges such as lack of managerial support for the adoption of employee environmental sustainability behaviours; environmental sustainability not being a high business priority; practicing environmental sustainability behaviours takes too much time and to an extent a lack of management support for sustainability behaviours at the workplace. The study recommends among others that organisations should create environmental awareness by training and providing information to employees. Also, organisations should put in place reward systems to incentivize employees who engage in sustainability behaviours at the work place so as to motivate other employees to engage in sustainability behaviours.
{"title":"Environmental Sustainability Behaviours of Employees of Bulk Oil Distribution Companies in Tema, Ghana","authors":"S. Cudjoe, Samuel Kwabla Alorvor, Elias Megbetor","doi":"10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.11","url":null,"abstract":"Many organisations have acknowledged the call for environmental sustainability behaviours but there is little information about these behaviours exhibited by employees at the work place. The study sought to find out the environmental sustainability behaviours exhibited by employees in bulk oil distribution companies in Tema, Ghana. The objective of the study was to find out the sustainability behaviours adopted by employees and factors that influenced the decision to adopt environmental sustainability behaviours. The questionnaire survey was adopted to collect data from 50 employees of Fueltrade Limited. The survey result indicated that employees engaged in behaviours such as reducing waste, recycling and reuse of materials, proper disposal of waste, energy conservation, and the reduction in the wastage of resources. Furthermore, the results indicated that adopting environmental sustainability behaviours was to some extent fret with challenges such as lack of managerial support for the adoption of employee environmental sustainability behaviours; environmental sustainability not being a high business priority; practicing environmental sustainability behaviours takes too much time and to an extent a lack of management support for sustainability behaviours at the workplace. The study recommends among others that organisations should create environmental awareness by training and providing information to employees. Also, organisations should put in place reward systems to incentivize employees who engage in sustainability behaviours at the work place so as to motivate other employees to engage in sustainability behaviours.","PeriodicalId":185908,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122755117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.11648/J.IJEEE.20210603.11
S. K. Chopkar, D. Chakrabarty
In the atmosphere, after lightning, precipitation is formed and heavy rainfall occurs. This is a well-known process. This natural lighting phenomenon has been practically demonstrated in the laboratory cloud chamber, A laser beam has to be shot into the cloud region of the atmosphere to create high temperature. This high temperature will break the bonds of atmospheric N2 and O2 and produce N and O which will be in excited state (N*, O*). These excited N* and O* are very unstable. They immediately fall to the ground state through endothermic reactions. These endothermic reactions absorb heat from the cloud region. As a result, temperature of the cloud region falls, condensation takes place, form rain drops, act as natural seeds are created and it rains. Its use as rain drain by Laser system from ground for Green environment. “Laser photons photo-dissociate atmospheric compounds N2 and O2 and form ozone (O3) and nitrogen molecules (NO). Increase of O3 and NO concentration after lightning has also been experimentally observed. That this lightning phenomenon created through artificial lightning by laser system can produce rain in the atmosphere has been practically proved as “Laser-induced water condensation in air”. Scientists have succeeded in obtaining raindrops from an altitude of 45 to 75m of the atmosphere by terawatt mobile laser. IRRA Scientist Group propose laser system of specification: 1012watt, 800nm, 500mJ, 120fs and 10Hz for this research project. The results could be of immense benefit to human being.
{"title":"Innovative Rainmaking Technology by Laser System Initiation Endothermic Reactions in a Way of Natural Lightning Phenomena in the Atmosphere","authors":"S. K. Chopkar, D. Chakrabarty","doi":"10.11648/J.IJEEE.20210603.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJEEE.20210603.11","url":null,"abstract":"In the atmosphere, after lightning, precipitation is formed and heavy rainfall occurs. This is a well-known process. This natural lighting phenomenon has been practically demonstrated in the laboratory cloud chamber, A laser beam has to be shot into the cloud region of the atmosphere to create high temperature. This high temperature will break the bonds of atmospheric N2 and O2 and produce N and O which will be in excited state (N*, O*). These excited N* and O* are very unstable. They immediately fall to the ground state through endothermic reactions. These endothermic reactions absorb heat from the cloud region. As a result, temperature of the cloud region falls, condensation takes place, form rain drops, act as natural seeds are created and it rains. Its use as rain drain by Laser system from ground for Green environment. “Laser photons photo-dissociate atmospheric compounds N2 and O2 and form ozone (O3) and nitrogen molecules (NO). Increase of O3 and NO concentration after lightning has also been experimentally observed. That this lightning phenomenon created through artificial lightning by laser system can produce rain in the atmosphere has been practically proved as “Laser-induced water condensation in air”. Scientists have succeeded in obtaining raindrops from an altitude of 45 to 75m of the atmosphere by terawatt mobile laser. IRRA Scientist Group propose laser system of specification: 1012watt, 800nm, 500mJ, 120fs and 10Hz for this research project. The results could be of immense benefit to human being.","PeriodicalId":185908,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126672936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.11648/J.IJEEE.20210602.14
Rabeya Basri, Chaleampong Kongcharoen
The study examines the linear and nonlinear relationships between per capita carbon dioxide emissions, per capita real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, foreign direct investment, trade openness, urbanization, agriculture, and industry sectors as potential determining factors of CO2 emissions in the perspective of Bangladesh all through 44 years, starting from 1974. The study also considers the CO2 emissions from the selected South Asian countries over the period from 1978 and 2018. The study uses three cointegration approaches. First, we employ linear cointegration method and find that crucial determining factors of CO2 emissions in Bangladesh are real GDP per capita, energy consumption, and urbanization. Then, we apply the nonlinear cointegration method and find that energy consumption and foreign direct investment have asymmetric impacts on carbon release in the long run. While energy consumption, financial development, and FDI have asymmetric influence in the short run. Finally, we apply a panel cointegration test to compare Bangladesh with other South Asian countries in terms of CO2 emissions. The estimated results disclose that the vital contributing factors of CO2 emissions in selected South Asian countries are real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, and urbanization. Our results show that energy consumption, financial development, and urbanization upturn CO2 emissions, while trade openness lowers emissions. We claim that our results are consistent with the EKC hypothesis for both in Bangladesh and selected South Asian countries. The three cointegration estimation findings disclose that urbanization will deteriorate environmental worth in Bangladesh and selected South Asian countries in the long run.
{"title":"Factors Contributing CO2 Emissions: A Linear, Nonlinear, and Panel ARDL Model","authors":"Rabeya Basri, Chaleampong Kongcharoen","doi":"10.11648/J.IJEEE.20210602.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJEEE.20210602.14","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the linear and nonlinear relationships between per capita carbon dioxide emissions, per capita real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, foreign direct investment, trade openness, urbanization, agriculture, and industry sectors as potential determining factors of CO2 emissions in the perspective of Bangladesh all through 44 years, starting from 1974. The study also considers the CO2 emissions from the selected South Asian countries over the period from 1978 and 2018. The study uses three cointegration approaches. First, we employ linear cointegration method and find that crucial determining factors of CO2 emissions in Bangladesh are real GDP per capita, energy consumption, and urbanization. Then, we apply the nonlinear cointegration method and find that energy consumption and foreign direct investment have asymmetric impacts on carbon release in the long run. While energy consumption, financial development, and FDI have asymmetric influence in the short run. Finally, we apply a panel cointegration test to compare Bangladesh with other South Asian countries in terms of CO2 emissions. The estimated results disclose that the vital contributing factors of CO2 emissions in selected South Asian countries are real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, and urbanization. Our results show that energy consumption, financial development, and urbanization upturn CO2 emissions, while trade openness lowers emissions. We claim that our results are consistent with the EKC hypothesis for both in Bangladesh and selected South Asian countries. The three cointegration estimation findings disclose that urbanization will deteriorate environmental worth in Bangladesh and selected South Asian countries in the long run.","PeriodicalId":185908,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132916476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-20DOI: 10.11648/j.ijeee.20210602.11
Rezwanul Kabir
Corruption emerged as one of main socio-political and economic problems of the countries which lead fortitude of its governments. No doubt, corruption has major implications for the distribution of income and wealth in the country, for its leading to specific patterns of expenditure and investment which leads to the illegal generation of wealth and the black money economy. As a consequence, in this paper we analyzed those significant causes of corruption on which insufficient attention has been given and ignored to the social dimension of emerging economic issues, despite the fact that social and economic issues are interlinked. Pertaining to this, we provided strong evidence of the existence of a causal link of corruption by presenting exploratory scholarship estimates using in-depth interviews of our sample households as instruments in the ground level, and by showing that our explanatory factors are actual predictors of corruption. In contrast to the previous literature, we found strong evidence in favor of the theory that institutional amelioration on moral-economic basis reduces corruption. Hence there is a growing recognition about making different and essential approach theoretically on the subject of elucidation of corruption with the intention of social institutions in moral-economic dimension.
{"title":"Corruption – Why and How; a Moral-Economic Analysis","authors":"Rezwanul Kabir","doi":"10.11648/j.ijeee.20210602.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210602.11","url":null,"abstract":"Corruption emerged as one of main socio-political and economic problems of the countries which lead fortitude of its governments. No doubt, corruption has major implications for the distribution of income and wealth in the country, for its leading to specific patterns of expenditure and investment which leads to the illegal generation of wealth and the black money economy. As a consequence, in this paper we analyzed those significant causes of corruption on which insufficient attention has been given and ignored to the social dimension of emerging economic issues, despite the fact that social and economic issues are interlinked. Pertaining to this, we provided strong evidence of the existence of a causal link of corruption by presenting exploratory scholarship estimates using in-depth interviews of our sample households as instruments in the ground level, and by showing that our explanatory factors are actual predictors of corruption. In contrast to the previous literature, we found strong evidence in favor of the theory that institutional amelioration on moral-economic basis reduces corruption. Hence there is a growing recognition about making different and essential approach theoretically on the subject of elucidation of corruption with the intention of social institutions in moral-economic dimension.","PeriodicalId":185908,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127260868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-07DOI: 10.11648/J.IJEEE.20190406.13
Azra Nawar, Majid Ali, R. Khan, M. Mahmood
Calcium looping is a widely used CO2 capture technology, where calcium oxide (CaO) is used as a sorbent. However, it has many drawbacks such as expensive raw material and reduction in sorbent capacity over multiple cycles. This study is aimed at developing economic as well as environment friendly sorbents for CO2 capturing. For this purpose, chicken eggshells were collected from household municipal waste as a CaO sorbent for CO2 capture. The eggshell sorbent was characterized using different techniques such as SEM-EDS, XRD and TGA. Three different organic acids were used to improve the conversion of eggshell sorbents i.e., lactic, oxalic and tartaric acid. The results showed that one out of three acids i.e., lactic acid (ES LA-10%) showed improved conversion and stability over a period of 20 cycles as compared to other acids. In terms of CaO conversion ES LA-10% displayed the maximum performance of 47.8% and had improved cyclic stability during 20 cycles. Hence, this study showed that modifying sorbent (eggshells) by using acid is a better sorbent in comparison with other natural and synthetic sorbent, therefore reducing waste and cost simultaneously.
{"title":"Modification of Waste-derived CaO Using Organic Acids for CO2 Capture","authors":"Azra Nawar, Majid Ali, R. Khan, M. Mahmood","doi":"10.11648/J.IJEEE.20190406.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJEEE.20190406.13","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium looping is a widely used CO2 capture technology, where calcium oxide (CaO) is used as a sorbent. However, it has many drawbacks such as expensive raw material and reduction in sorbent capacity over multiple cycles. This study is aimed at developing economic as well as environment friendly sorbents for CO2 capturing. For this purpose, chicken eggshells were collected from household municipal waste as a CaO sorbent for CO2 capture. The eggshell sorbent was characterized using different techniques such as SEM-EDS, XRD and TGA. Three different organic acids were used to improve the conversion of eggshell sorbents i.e., lactic, oxalic and tartaric acid. The results showed that one out of three acids i.e., lactic acid (ES LA-10%) showed improved conversion and stability over a period of 20 cycles as compared to other acids. In terms of CaO conversion ES LA-10% displayed the maximum performance of 47.8% and had improved cyclic stability during 20 cycles. Hence, this study showed that modifying sorbent (eggshells) by using acid is a better sorbent in comparison with other natural and synthetic sorbent, therefore reducing waste and cost simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":185908,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131684255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.11648/j.ijeee.20190405.11
Silah Kiplimo Misoi, J. Sumukwo, Paul OKello Odwori
Public forests provide a variety of goods and services to communities whose opportunity cost is related to the value of alternative goods and services. This study sought to assess expressed conservation value of Kipkunur forests stock flow among economic units using expressed willingness to accept compensation and to pay. In order to account for forest goods and ecosystem services, information sought on forest resources was obtained from households living near the forest. Structured questionnaires were designed for the upstream and downstream households. In administering questionnaires, a systematic random sampling technique was employed and total samples of 224 and 231 for upstream and downstream households were selected, respectively. Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version-20) was used in analysis. From the results, there were more females than males in upstream than downstream and more males in downstream than females with the mean age of respondents being 44.47 and 43.42 years, respectively. Again, both study areas depicted mean households’ size of 6 persons. Major economic activity for upstream was agriculture, while for downstream were depended on formal jobs and entrepreneurial ventures owed to high education level among households heads. Further, study results showed upstream households expressed high conservation value for the selected forest attributes of fuelwood, water supply, food supply and biodiversity than downstream forests resources, which was seen to be influenced by satiation effect. In conclusion, existences of variation on expressed willingness to conserve for specific forest attributes was influenced by satiation effect. It is recommended for the formulation of policy incentives that corrects redistribution imbalance in resources conservation among economic units in order to reflect Kaldor-Hicks compensation tests.
{"title":"Assessing Willingness to Accept Compensation and Willingness to Pay for Kipkunur Forest Ecosystem Conservation in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya","authors":"Silah Kiplimo Misoi, J. Sumukwo, Paul OKello Odwori","doi":"10.11648/j.ijeee.20190405.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20190405.11","url":null,"abstract":"Public forests provide a variety of goods and services to communities whose opportunity cost is related to the value of alternative goods and services. This study sought to assess expressed conservation value of Kipkunur forests stock flow among economic units using expressed willingness to accept compensation and to pay. In order to account for forest goods and ecosystem services, information sought on forest resources was obtained from households living near the forest. Structured questionnaires were designed for the upstream and downstream households. In administering questionnaires, a systematic random sampling technique was employed and total samples of 224 and 231 for upstream and downstream households were selected, respectively. Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version-20) was used in analysis. From the results, there were more females than males in upstream than downstream and more males in downstream than females with the mean age of respondents being 44.47 and 43.42 years, respectively. Again, both study areas depicted mean households’ size of 6 persons. Major economic activity for upstream was agriculture, while for downstream were depended on formal jobs and entrepreneurial ventures owed to high education level among households heads. Further, study results showed upstream households expressed high conservation value for the selected forest attributes of fuelwood, water supply, food supply and biodiversity than downstream forests resources, which was seen to be influenced by satiation effect. In conclusion, existences of variation on expressed willingness to conserve for specific forest attributes was influenced by satiation effect. It is recommended for the formulation of policy incentives that corrects redistribution imbalance in resources conservation among economic units in order to reflect Kaldor-Hicks compensation tests.","PeriodicalId":185908,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121845153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-27DOI: 10.11648/J.IJEEE.20190404.12
Ding Yu, Ning Zhi, Lü Ming
The corrugated pipe is widely used in figure heat exchangers. For the reason of large temperature difference between the gas in the pipe and the cold wall, particles may deposit on the wall, and make some adverse effects, such as poor cooling effect and the block in the pipe, especially in the pipe node. To solve the problem of deposition in the pipe, this paper will apply the model of DRW to calculate the trajectory of the micro particles. In this paper, the trajectories of particles with different sizes in a corrugated pipe are calculated, and the effects of structure parameter and inlet velocity on the trajectories of particles are studied. The conclusion can provide a theoretical basis for solving the deposition in corrugated pipes.
{"title":"Research on the Transfer Characteristics of the Micro Particle in a Corrugated Pipe","authors":"Ding Yu, Ning Zhi, Lü Ming","doi":"10.11648/J.IJEEE.20190404.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJEEE.20190404.12","url":null,"abstract":"The corrugated pipe is widely used in figure heat exchangers. For the reason of large temperature difference between the gas in the pipe and the cold wall, particles may deposit on the wall, and make some adverse effects, such as poor cooling effect and the block in the pipe, especially in the pipe node. To solve the problem of deposition in the pipe, this paper will apply the model of DRW to calculate the trajectory of the micro particles. In this paper, the trajectories of particles with different sizes in a corrugated pipe are calculated, and the effects of structure parameter and inlet velocity on the trajectories of particles are studied. The conclusion can provide a theoretical basis for solving the deposition in corrugated pipes.","PeriodicalId":185908,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130400830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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