Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106916
In this work, the antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation capability, and clonal relatedness of 50 A. baumannii isolates collected from three hospitals in Ardabil city, Iran, were evaluated. Antibiotic sensitivity and biofilm formation of isolates were determined by disk diffusion and microtiter-plate methods, respectively. Molecular typing of isolates was also performed using repetitive sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR). The majority of isolates were resistant to cephems, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems, with 80 % classified as multi-drug resistant (MDR). While, only isolates collected from blood and tracheal were resistant to colistin. Additionally, 42 isolates (84 %) had biofilm formation capability. According to rep-PCR results, 34 isolates showed similar banding patterns, while 16 isolates had unique banding patterns. Finally, based on the molecular analysis, there was a direct relationship between biofilm formation and the antibiotic resistance of isolates. In other words, MDR isolates had a higher ability to form biofilm.
{"title":"Biofilm formation, antibiotic-resistance and clonal relatedness among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, the antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation capability, and clonal relatedness of 50 <em>A. baumannii</em> isolates collected from three hospitals in Ardabil city, Iran, were evaluated. Antibiotic sensitivity and biofilm formation of isolates were determined by disk diffusion and microtiter-plate methods, respectively. Molecular typing of isolates was also performed using repetitive sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR). The majority of isolates were resistant to cephems, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems, with 80 % classified as multi-drug resistant (MDR). While, only isolates collected from blood and tracheal were resistant to colistin. Additionally, 42 isolates (84 %) had biofilm formation capability. According to rep-PCR results, 34 isolates showed similar banding patterns, while 16 isolates had unique banding patterns. Finally, based on the molecular analysis, there was a direct relationship between biofilm formation and the antibiotic resistance of isolates. In other words, MDR isolates had a higher ability to form biofilm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106905
Antibiotic resistance poses a persistent threat to modern medicine due to the emergence of novel antibiotic-resistant strains. Therefore, a timely understanding of antibiotic resistance and the virulence biology of pathogenic bacteria, particularly those of public health significance, is crucial for implementing effective mitigation strategies. This study aimed to investigate the virulence profiles of ten S. aureus isolates (NDa to NDj) and ten E. coli isolates (ND1 to ND10) originating from livestock and poultry, and to assess how various cell surface properties and biofilm formation abilities influence antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Antibiotic resistance profiling through phenotypic (AST) and genotypic methods (PCR) confirmed that NDa to NDe were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and ND1 to ND5 were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli isolates. Virulence properties such as hemolytic activity, coagulase activity, and nuclease activity were found to be independent of the antibiotic resistance phenotype in S. aureus. In contrast, biofilm formation phenotype was observed to influence antibiotic resistance phenotypes, with MRSA and ESBL E. coli isolates demonstrating higher biofilm formation potency. Chemical and enzymatic analysis of S. aureus and E. coli biofilms revealed proteins and polysaccharides as major components, followed by nucleic acids. Furthermore, cell surface properties such as auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity were notably higher in isolates with strong to medium biofilm-forming capabilities (ESBL and MRSA isolates), corroborated by genomic confirmation of various genes associated with biofilm, adhesion, and colonization. In conclusion, this study highlights that surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation ability of MRSA (NDa to NDe) and ESBL E. coli (ND1 to ND5) isolates may influence antibiotic resistance phenotypes.
{"title":"Evaluation of virulence determinants and cell surface properties associated with biofilm formation in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli from livestock and poultry origin","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antibiotic resistance poses a persistent threat to modern medicine due to the emergence of novel antibiotic-resistant strains. Therefore, a timely understanding of antibiotic resistance and the virulence biology of pathogenic bacteria, particularly those of public health significance, is crucial for implementing effective mitigation strategies. This study aimed to investigate the virulence profiles of ten <em>S. aureus</em> isolates (NDa to NDj) and ten <em>E. coli</em> isolates (ND1 to ND10) originating from livestock and poultry, and to assess how various cell surface properties and biofilm formation abilities influence antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Antibiotic resistance profiling through phenotypic (AST) and genotypic methods (PCR) confirmed that NDa to NDe were methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> (MRSA) and ND1 to ND5 were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing <em>E. coli</em> isolates. Virulence properties such as hemolytic activity, coagulase activity, and nuclease activity were found to be independent of the antibiotic resistance phenotype in <em>S. aureus</em>. In contrast, biofilm formation phenotype was observed to influence antibiotic resistance phenotypes, with MRSA and ESBL <em>E. coli</em> isolates demonstrating higher biofilm formation potency. Chemical and enzymatic analysis of <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em> biofilms revealed proteins and polysaccharides as major components, followed by nucleic acids. Furthermore, cell surface properties such as auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity were notably higher in isolates with strong to medium biofilm-forming capabilities (ESBL and MRSA isolates), corroborated by genomic confirmation of various genes associated with biofilm, adhesion, and colonization. In conclusion, this study highlights that surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation ability of MRSA (NDa to NDe) and ESBL <em>E. coli</em> (ND1 to ND5) isolates may influence antibiotic resistance phenotypes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106913
Bacterial septicemia represents a significant disease affecting cultured grass carp culture, with the primary etiological agent identified as the Gram-negative bacterium Aeromonas veronii. In response to an outbreak of septicemia in Guangzhou, we developed a formaldehyde-inactivated vaccine against an A. veronii strain designated AV-GZ21-2. This strain exhibited high pathogenicity in experimental infections across at all developmental stages of grass carp. Mortality rates for grass carp weighing 15 ± 5 g ranged from 16 % to 92 % at exposure temperatures of 19 °C–34 °C, respectively. The median lethal dose (LD50) for grass carp groups weighing 15 ± 5 g, 60 ± 10 g, 150 ± 30 g and 500 ± 50 g were determined to be 1.43, 2.52, 4.65 and 7.12 × 107(CFU/mL), respectively. We investigated the inactivated vaccine in conbination with aluminum hydroxide gel (AV-AHG), Montanide ISA201VG (AV-201VG), and white oil (AV-WO) adjuvants. This study aimed to optimize inactivation conditions and identify the adjuvant that elicits the most robust immune response. The AV-GZ21-2 inactivated bacterial solution (AV),when combined with various adjuvants, was capable of inducing a strong specific immune response in grass carp. The relative percent survival (RPS) following a lethal challenge with AV-GZ21-2 were 94 % for AV-AHG, 88 % for AV-201VG, 84 % for AV-WO and 78 % for AV alone. The minimum immunization dose of the AV-AHG vaccine was determined to be 6.0 × 107 CFU per fish, providing immunity for a duration of six months with an immune protection level exceeding 75 %. Furthermore, the AV-AHG vaccine demonstrated significant protective efficacy against various epidemic isolates of A. veronii. Consequently, we developed an inactivated vaccine targeting a highly pathogenic strain of A. veronii, incorporating an aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant, which resulted in high immune protection and a duration of immunity exceeding six months. These findings suggest that the AV-AHG vaccine holds substantial potential for industrial application.
{"title":"Evaluation of virulence of Aeromonas veronii strain GZ21-2 and development of a highly effective vaccine for grass carp with the potential for industrial application","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacterial septicemia represents a significant disease affecting cultured grass carp culture, with the primary etiological agent identified as the Gram-negative bacterium <em>Aeromonas veronii</em>. In response to an outbreak of septicemia in Guangzhou, we developed a formaldehyde-inactivated vaccine against an <em>A. veronii</em> strain designated AV-GZ21-2. This strain exhibited high pathogenicity in experimental infections across at all developmental stages of grass carp. Mortality rates for grass carp weighing 15 ± 5 g ranged from 16 % to 92 % at exposure temperatures of 19 °C–34 °C, respectively. The median lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) for grass carp groups weighing 15 ± 5 g, 60 ± 10 g, 150 ± 30 g and 500 ± 50 g were determined to be 1.43, 2.52, 4.65 and 7.12 × 10<sup>7</sup>(CFU/mL), respectively. We investigated the inactivated vaccine in conbination with aluminum hydroxide gel (AV-AHG), Montanide ISA201VG (AV-201VG), and white oil (AV-WO) adjuvants. This study aimed to optimize inactivation conditions and identify the adjuvant that elicits the most robust immune response. The AV-GZ21-2 inactivated bacterial solution (AV),when combined with various adjuvants, was capable of inducing a strong specific immune response in grass carp. The relative percent survival (RPS) following a lethal challenge with AV-GZ21-2 were 94 % for AV-AHG, 88 % for AV-201VG, 84 % for AV-WO and 78 % for AV alone. The minimum immunization dose of the AV-AHG vaccine was determined to be 6.0 × 10<sup>7</sup> CFU per fish, providing immunity for a duration of six months with an immune protection level exceeding 75 %. Furthermore, the AV-AHG vaccine demonstrated significant protective efficacy against various epidemic isolates of <em>A. veronii</em>. Consequently, we developed an inactivated vaccine targeting a highly pathogenic strain of <em>A. veronii</em>, incorporating an aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant, which resulted in high immune protection and a duration of immunity exceeding six months. These findings suggest that the AV-AHG vaccine holds substantial potential for industrial application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106910
Purpose
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida belongs to the Pseudomonas putida group and is a common aquatic pathogen that induces visceral lesions in fish. However, it has never been previously isolated from human specimen and associated with human infections. In the study, we first investigated the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida strain “SXY” isolated from a child with infectious pneumonia.
Methods
Using 16S rRNA sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, and unique biochemical phenotypes, we isolated and identified Pseudomonas plecoglossicida in clinical practice, a highly suspicious pneumonia-related pathogen based on bacteriological examinations and clinical manifestations. Its pathogenicity was assessed and compared with that of Pseudomonas putida clinical strain “ECL” (a recognized pathogen in the Pseudomonas putida group) by a series of in vitro pathogenicity tests (including the growth capacity assay at 37 °C, the lung leukocyte-killing and inflammatory factor release assay, and the whole blood-killing, serum-killing and complement sensitivity assay).
Results
All tests demonstrated its ability to cause colonization, infection, and inflammation in the lungs. However, the pathogenicity and risk of bloodstream infection of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida strain “SXY” were limited and weaker than those of Pseudomonas putida strain “ECL”. Notably, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida could be incorrectly identified as Pseudomonas putida, based on the biochemical identification of VITEK-2, potentially leading to a high rate of missing infections.
Conclusions
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a potential and neglected pneumonia pathogen.
{"title":"Is it a potential pneumonia pathogen in Pseudomonas putida group? First isolation and identification of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida in clinic and a comparison of pathogenicity with Pseudomonas putida","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p><em>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</em> belongs to the <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> group and is a common aquatic pathogen that induces visceral lesions in fish. However, it has never been previously isolated from human specimen and associated with human infections. In the study, we first investigated the pathogenicity of <em>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</em> strain “SXY” isolated from a child with infectious pneumonia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using 16S rRNA sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, and unique biochemical phenotypes, we isolated and identified <em>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</em> in clinical practice, a highly suspicious pneumonia-related pathogen based on bacteriological examinations and clinical manifestations. Its pathogenicity was assessed and compared with that of <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> clinical strain “ECL” (a recognized pathogen in the <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> group) by a series of <em>in vitro</em> pathogenicity tests (including the growth capacity assay at 37 °C, the lung leukocyte-killing and inflammatory factor release assay, and the whole blood-killing, serum-killing and complement sensitivity assay).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All tests demonstrated its ability to cause colonization, infection, and inflammation in the lungs. However, the pathogenicity and risk of bloodstream infection of <em>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</em> strain “SXY” were limited and weaker than those of <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> strain “ECL”. Notably, <em>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</em> could be incorrectly identified as <em>Pseudomonas putida</em>, based on the biochemical identification of VITEK-2, potentially leading to a high rate of missing infections.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><em>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</em> is a potential and neglected pneumonia pathogen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106902
Mastitis remains a paramount economic threat to dairy livestock, with antibiotic resistance severely compromising treatment efficacy. This study provides an in-depth investigation into the multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms in bacterial isolates from bovine mastitis, emphasizing the roles of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), biofilm formation, and active efflux systems. A total of 162 Staphylococci, eight Escherichia coli, and seven Klebsiella spp. isolates were obtained from 215 milk samples of clinical and subclinical mastitis cases. Antibiotic susceptibility testing identified Twenty Staphylococci (12.35 %), six E. coli (75 %) and seven Klebsiella (100 %) identified as MDR displaying significant resistance to β-lactams and tetracyclines The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of these isolates ranged from 0.375 to 1.0, highlighting extensive resistance. Notably, 29 of the 33 MDR isolates produced biofilms on Congo red agar, while all exhibited biofilm formation in the Microtitre Plate assay. Critical ARGs (blaZ, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, tetM, tetA, tetB, tetC, strA/B, aadA) and efflux pump genes (acrB, acrE, acrF, emrB, norB) regulating active efflux were identified. This pioneering study elucidates the synergistic contribution of ARGs, biofilm production, and efflux pump activity to MDR in bovine mastitis pathogens. To our knowledge, this comprehensive study is the first of its kind, offering novel insights into the complex resistance mechanisms. The findings underscore the imperative need for advanced antibiotic stewardship and strategic interventions in dairy farming to curb the rise of antibiotic-resistant infections, thereby protecting both animal and public health.
{"title":"Unravelling the complex mechanisms of multidrug resistance in bovine mastitis pathogens: Insights into antimicrobial resistance genes, biofilm dynamics, and efflux systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mastitis remains a paramount economic threat to dairy livestock, with antibiotic resistance severely compromising treatment efficacy. This study provides an in-depth investigation into the multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms in bacterial isolates from bovine mastitis, emphasizing the roles of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), biofilm formation, and active efflux systems. A total of 162 <em>Staphylococci</em>, eight <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and seven <em>Klebsiella</em> spp. isolates were obtained from 215 milk samples of clinical and subclinical mastitis cases. Antibiotic susceptibility testing identified Twenty Staphylococci (12.35 %), six <em>E. coli</em> (75 %) and seven Klebsiella (100 %) identified as MDR displaying significant resistance to β-lactams and tetracyclines The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of these isolates ranged from 0.375 to 1.0, highlighting extensive resistance. Notably, 29 of the 33 MDR isolates produced biofilms on Congo red agar, while all exhibited biofilm formation in the Microtitre Plate assay. Critical ARGs (<em>blaZ, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, tetM, tetA, tetB, tetC, strA/B, aadA</em>) and efflux pump genes (<em>acrB, acrE, acrF, emrB, norB</em>) regulating active efflux were identified. This pioneering study elucidates the synergistic contribution of ARGs, biofilm production, and efflux pump activity to MDR in bovine mastitis pathogens. To our knowledge, this comprehensive study is the first of its kind, offering novel insights into the complex resistance mechanisms. The findings underscore the imperative need for advanced antibiotic stewardship and strategic interventions in dairy farming to curb the rise of antibiotic-resistant infections, thereby protecting both animal and public health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106886
Given the ability of Staphylococcus aureus to form biofilms and produce persister cells, making infections difficult to treat with antibiotics alone, there is a pressing need for an effective antibiotic adjuvant to address this public health threat. In this study, a series of quinone derivatives were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant S. aureus reference strains. Following analyses using broth microdilution, growth curve analysis, checkerboard assay, time-kill experiments, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, menadione was identified as a hit compound. Menadione exhibited a notable antibacterial profile (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC = 4–16 μg/ml; minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC = 256 μg/ml) against planktonic S. aureus and its biofilms (minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration, MBIC50 = 0.0625–0.25 μg/ml). When combined with oxacillin, erythromycin, and vancomycin, menadione exhibited a synergistic or additive effect against planktonic cells and biofilms of two S. aureus reference strains and six clinical isolates, highlighting its potential as a suitable adjuvant for further development against S. aureus biofilm-associated infections.
鉴于金黄色葡萄球菌具有形成生物膜和产生顽固细胞的能力,使得单用抗生素难以治疗感染,因此迫切需要一种有效的抗生素辅助剂来应对这一公共卫生威胁。本研究评估了一系列醌衍生物对甲氧西林敏感和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌参考菌株的抗菌和抗生物膜活性。经过肉汤微量稀释、生长曲线分析、棋盘格检测、时间致死实验和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜等分析,确定了甲萘醌是一个热门化合物。甲萘醌对浮游金黄色葡萄球菌及其生物膜具有显著的抗菌作用(最低抑菌浓度 MIC = 4-16 μg/ml;最低杀菌浓度 MBC = 256 μg/ml)(最低生物膜抑制浓度 MBIC50 = 0.0625-0.25 μg/ml)。当与氧青霉素、红霉素和万古霉素联合使用时,甲萘醌对两种金黄色葡萄球菌参考菌株和六种临床分离菌株的浮游细胞和生物膜具有协同或相加作用,这突出表明它有可能成为一种合适的辅助剂,用于进一步开发以防治与金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜相关的感染。
{"title":"Exploring naphthoquinone and anthraquinone derivatives as antibiotic adjuvants against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms: Synergistic effects of menadione","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given the ability of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> to form biofilms and produce persister cells, making infections difficult to treat with antibiotics alone, there is a pressing need for an effective antibiotic adjuvant to address this public health threat. In this study, a series of quinone derivatives were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> reference strains. Following analyses using broth microdilution, growth curve analysis, checkerboard assay, time-kill experiments, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, menadione was identified as a hit compound. Menadione exhibited a notable antibacterial profile (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC = 4–16 μg/ml; minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC = 256 μg/ml) against planktonic <em>S. aureus</em> and its biofilms (minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration, MBIC<sub>50</sub> = 0.0625–0.25 μg/ml). When combined with oxacillin, erythromycin, and vancomycin, menadione exhibited a synergistic or additive effect against planktonic cells and biofilms of two <em>S. aureus</em> reference strains and six clinical isolates, highlighting its potential as a suitable adjuvant for further development against <em>S. aureus</em> biofilm-associated infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106909
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella, which is difficult to eliminate by conventional drugs. Therefore, a novel multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) was designed to prevent human Brucella infection. Based on the method of “reverse vaccinology”, cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes (CTLEs), helper T lymphocyte epitopes (HTLEs), linear B-cell epitopes (LBEs) and conformational B-cell epitopes (CBEs) of four Brucella proteins (VirB9, VirB10, Omp 19 and Omp 25) were obtained. In order to keep the correct protein folding, the multiple epitopes was constructed by connecting epitopes through linkers. In view of the significant connection between human leukocyte antigen CTLA-4 and B7 molecules found on antigen presenting cells (APCs), a new vaccine (V_C4MEV) for preventing brucellosis was created by combining CTLA-4 immunoglobulin variable region (IgV_CTLA-4) with MEV protein. Immunoinformatics analysis showed that V_C4MEV has a good secondary and tertiary structure. Additionally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) revealed a robust binding affinity between IgV_ CTLA-4 and the B7 molecule. Notably, the vaccine V_C4MEV was demonstrated favorable immunogenicity and antigenicity in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. V_C4MEV had the potential to activate defensive cells and immune responses, offering a hopeful approach for developing vaccines against Brucella in the upcoming years.
布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌引起的人畜共患疾病,传统药物难以根除。因此,我们设计了一种新型多表位疫苗(MEV)来预防人类布鲁氏菌感染。根据 "反向疫苗学 "方法,获得了四种布鲁氏菌蛋白(VirB9、VirB10、Omp 19 和 Omp 25)的细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞表位(CTLEs)、辅助性 T 淋巴细胞表位(HTLEs)、线性 B 细胞表位(LBEs)和构象 B 细胞表位(CBEs)。为了保持蛋白质的正确折叠,多表位是通过连接体连接表位而构建的。鉴于人类白细胞抗原 CTLA-4 与抗原呈递细胞(APCs)上的 B7 分子之间的重要联系,将 CTLA-4 免疫球蛋白可变区(IgV_CTLA-4)与 MEV 蛋白结合,制成了预防布鲁氏菌病的新型疫苗(V_C4MEV)。免疫信息学分析表明,V_C4MEV 具有良好的二级和三级结构。此外,分子对接和分子动力学模拟(MD)显示,IgV_ CTLA-4 与 B7 分子之间有很强的结合亲和力。值得注意的是,疫苗 V_C4MEV 在体外和体内实验中均表现出良好的免疫原性和抗原性。V_C4MEV 具有激活防御细胞和免疫反应的潜力,为今后开发布鲁氏菌疫苗提供了一种充满希望的方法。
{"title":"Design a novel of Brucellosis preventive vaccine based on IgV_CTLA-4 and multiple epitopes via immunoinformatics approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by <em>Brucella</em>, which is difficult to eliminate by conventional drugs. Therefore, a novel multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) was designed to prevent human <em>Brucella</em> infection. Based on the method of “reverse vaccinology”, cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes (CTLEs), helper T lymphocyte epitopes (HTLEs), linear B-cell epitopes (LBEs) and conformational B-cell epitopes (CBEs) of four <em>Brucella</em> proteins (VirB9, VirB10, Omp 19 and Omp 25) were obtained. In order to keep the correct protein folding, the multiple epitopes was constructed by connecting epitopes through linkers. In view of the significant connection between human leukocyte antigen CTLA-4 and B7 molecules found on antigen presenting cells (APCs), a new vaccine (V_C4MEV) for preventing brucellosis was created by combining CTLA-4 immunoglobulin variable region (IgV_CTLA-4) with MEV protein. Immunoinformatics analysis showed that V_C4MEV has a good secondary and tertiary structure. Additionally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) revealed a robust binding affinity between IgV_ CTLA-4 and the B7 molecule. Notably, the vaccine V_C4MEV was demonstrated favorable immunogenicity and antigenicity in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. V_C4MEV had the potential to activate defensive cells and immune responses, offering a hopeful approach for developing vaccines against <em>Brucella</em> in the upcoming years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106907
Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) is an opportunistic pathogen, and to date, studies have mainly focused on S. agalactiae strains isolated from humans, dairy cows, and fish. We reported one S. agalactiae strain, named CFFB, which was isolated from a healthy Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey. Classical bacteriological approaches, as well as, next-generation sequencing, comparative genomics, and mice challenge test were used to characterize this strain. CFFB was identified as serotype III, ST19 combination which is a common type found in human strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the genome of CFFB was closely related to human clinical isolates, rather far away from animal strains. In total, CFFB contained fewer virulence-associated genes and antibiotic resistance genes than human isolates that were close to CFFB in evolutionary relationships. In the mice challenge test, CFFB had a relative weak virulence that just caused death in 33 % of ICR mice at a dose of 108 CFU by intraperitoneal injection, and CFFB was reisolated from the cardiac blood of the dead mice. Meanwhile, two intact prophages (prophage 1 and 2) were identified in the CFFB genome and shared high similarities with phage Javan52 and Javan29 which from human S. agalactiae isolate Gottschalk 1002A and RBH03, respectively. Moreover, the type II-A CRISPR-Cas system was detected in the CFFB genome, and the spacers from CFFB were the same to the streptococci isolates from human. These results suggest that CFFB isolated from healthy Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys may have its origin in human S. agalactiae. Our results suggested some genomic similarities between the S. agalactiae colonized in Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey and those in infected humans.
{"title":"First report of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from a healthy captive sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Streptococcus agalactiae</em> (<em>S. agalactiae</em>) is an opportunistic pathogen, and to date, studies have mainly focused on <em>S. agalactiae</em> strains isolated from humans, dairy cows, and fish. We reported one <em>S. agalactiae</em> strain, named CFFB, which was isolated from a healthy Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey. Classical bacteriological approaches, as well as, next-generation sequencing, comparative genomics, and mice challenge test were used to characterize this strain. CFFB was identified as serotype III, ST19 combination which is a common type found in human strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the genome of CFFB was closely related to human clinical isolates, rather far away from animal strains. In total, CFFB contained fewer virulence-associated genes and antibiotic resistance genes than human isolates that were close to CFFB in evolutionary relationships. In the mice challenge test, CFFB had a relative weak virulence that just caused death in 33 % of ICR mice at a dose of 10<sup>8</sup> CFU by intraperitoneal injection, and CFFB was reisolated from the cardiac blood of the dead mice. Meanwhile, two intact prophages (prophage 1 and 2) were identified in the CFFB genome and shared high similarities with phage Javan52 and Javan29 which from human <em>S. agalactiae</em> isolate Gottschalk 1002A and RBH03, respectively. Moreover, the type II-A CRISPR-Cas system was detected in the CFFB genome, and the spacers from CFFB were the same to the streptococci isolates from human. These results suggest that CFFB isolated from healthy Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys may have its origin in human <em>S. agalactiae</em>. Our results suggested some genomic similarities between the <em>S. agalactiae</em> colonized in Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey and those in infected humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106899
This study aims to investigate the drug resistance, regulation mechanism of quorum sensing system, expression of related virulence genes, and epidemiological characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA).In this study, Polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed to evaluate carbapenemase genes, OprD2 gene, quorum sensing system, and related virulence genes. Bacterial genotypes were analyzed using multilocus sequence typing and evolutionary analysis was conducted based on the goeBURST algorithm. The results demonstrated that a total of 47 CRPA strains were collected in this study, primarily from respiratory specimens in the ICU. Drug sensitivity results showed that the resistance rates of the 47 CRPA strains were highest for imipenem (97.87 %). The loss of OprD2 may be the main factor contributing to carbapenem resistance in our hospital's CRPA strains.All isolates tested positive for the quorum sensing system genes lasI and rhlI/R, and the virulence gene lasB was detected in all isolates, while the algD gene was detected in 19.15 % of the isolates. Among the 47 strains, 6 were untypeable, and the 41 strains with 28 different sequence types were clustered into three clonal complexes (BG1, BG2, and BG3).In conclusion, the CRPA isolates from our hospital exhibit high genetic diversity, with the deletion of the OprD2 gene possibly being the primary determinant of carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Moreover, Las and RhI systems play a key role in quorum sensing signal system. Further research and development of drugs targeting quorum sensing signaling system may provide valuable guidance for the treatment of CRPA.
{"title":"Study on molecular epidemiology of carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and related genes of quorum sensing signal system","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to investigate the drug resistance, regulation mechanism of quorum sensing system, expression of related virulence genes, and epidemiological characteristics of carbapenem-resistant <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (CRPA).In this study, Polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed to evaluate carbapenemase genes, <em>O</em><em>prD</em><em>2</em> gene, quorum sensing system, and related virulence genes. Bacterial genotypes were analyzed using multilocus sequence typing and evolutionary analysis was conducted based on the goeBURST algorithm. The results demonstrated that a total of 47 CRPA strains were collected in this study, primarily from respiratory specimens in the ICU. Drug sensitivity results showed that the resistance rates of the 47 CRPA strains were highest for imipenem (97.87 %). The loss of <em>O</em><em>prD</em><em>2</em> may be the main factor contributing to carbapenem resistance in our hospital's CRPA strains.All isolates tested positive for the quorum sensing system genes <em>lasI</em> and <em>rhlI/R</em>, and the virulence gene <em>lasB</em> was detected in all isolates, while the <em>algD</em> gene was detected in 19.15 % of the isolates. Among the 47 strains, 6 were untypeable, and the 41 strains with 28 different sequence types were clustered into three clonal complexes (BG1, BG2, and BG3).In conclusion, the CRPA isolates from our hospital exhibit high genetic diversity, with the deletion of the <em>O</em><em>prD</em><em>2</em> gene possibly being the primary determinant of carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Moreover, Las and RhI systems play a key role in quorum sensing signal system. Further research and development of drugs targeting quorum sensing signaling system may provide valuable guidance for the treatment of CRPA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106901
Neurotropic viruses, characterized by their capacity to invade the central nervous system, present a considerable challenge to public health and are responsible for a diverse range of neurological disorders. This group includes a diverse array of viruses, such as herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, poliovirus, enterovirus and Japanese encephalitis virus, among others. Some of these viruses exhibit high neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence, while others demonstrate weaker neuroinvasive and neurovirulent properties. The clinical manifestations of infections caused by neurotropic viruses can vary significantly, ranging from mild symptoms to severe life-threatening conditions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered considerable attention due to their pivotal role in intracellular communication, which modulates the biological activity of target cells via the transport of biomolecules in both health and disease. Investigating EVs in the context of virus infection is crucial for elucidating their potential role contribution to viral pathogenesis. This is because EVs derived from virus-infected cells frequently transfer viral components to uninfected cells. Importantly, EVs released by virus-infected cells have the capacity to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thereby impacting neuronal activity and inducing neuroinflammation. In this review, we explore the roles of EVs during neurotropic virus infections in either enhancing or inhibiting viral pathogenesis. We will delve into our current comprehension of the molecular mechanisms that underpin these roles, the potential implications for the infected host, and the prospective diagnostic applications that could arise from this understanding.
{"title":"Extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of neurotropic viruses","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neurotropic viruses, characterized by their capacity to invade the central nervous system, present a considerable challenge to public health and are responsible for a diverse range of neurological disorders. This group includes a diverse array of viruses, such as herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, poliovirus, enterovirus and Japanese encephalitis virus, among others. Some of these viruses exhibit high neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence, while others demonstrate weaker neuroinvasive and neurovirulent properties. The clinical manifestations of infections caused by neurotropic viruses can vary significantly, ranging from mild symptoms to severe life-threatening conditions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered considerable attention due to their pivotal role in intracellular communication, which modulates the biological activity of target cells via the transport of biomolecules in both health and disease. Investigating EVs in the context of virus infection is crucial for elucidating their potential role contribution to viral pathogenesis. This is because EVs derived from virus-infected cells frequently transfer viral components to uninfected cells. Importantly, EVs released by virus-infected cells have the capacity to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thereby impacting neuronal activity and inducing neuroinflammation. In this review, we explore the roles of EVs during neurotropic virus infections in either enhancing or inhibiting viral pathogenesis. We will delve into our current comprehension of the molecular mechanisms that underpin these roles, the potential implications for the infected host, and the prospective diagnostic applications that could arise from this understanding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}